Shape irregularity,a sub-factor of parcel fragmentation is a problem that hinders sustainable agriculture and is solved using land consolidation projects.Determination of the parcel shape degree contributes significan...Shape irregularity,a sub-factor of parcel fragmentation is a problem that hinders sustainable agriculture and is solved using land consolidation projects.Determination of the parcel shape degree contributes significantly to spatial prioritization where there is also a high probability of achieving positive effects of consolidation projects.This study aims to determine the shape degree of the agricultural parcels both at singular and rural county scales in Tekirdag Province,Turkey in 2020 by combining the parcel shape index(PSI) with the minimum bounding geometry index(MBG) to improve parcel scores.Hot-spot zones of the highly irregular and near optimum parcels were also determined using Getis-Ord G_(i)^(*) statistic.The parcel degrees were classified into four categories,namely highly irregular,irregular,regular and near optimum.The obtained unweighted scores of the parameters exhibit deviations from the expected values.After weighting by pairwise comparison,the values approached ideal scores.Among 346 740 parcels,53% were highly irregular and irregular and 47% were regular and near optimum shapes after weighting whereas these were 70% and 30%,respectively before weighting.The average parcel degree of 63 rural counties was regular while the average parcel degree of the remaining 264 rural counties was irregular.The combined use of PSI and MBG index improved the correctness of the parcel shape score.It could be suggested to use as a tool in land consolidation prioritization.展开更多
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important bacterial pathogen, predominantly in undeveloped countries and regions. We conducted this study to investigate the presence of H. pylori antigen in the sto...Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important bacterial pathogen, predominantly in undeveloped countries and regions. We conducted this study to investigate the presence of H. pylori antigen in the stool specimens of children, in Tekirdag, Turkey. Material and Methods: Stool specimens of 1441 children aging between 0 month to 15 years, with the complaints of abdominal pain, anemia, gastroenteritis, nausea and vomiting were included in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups based on their ages: Group A (0 month - 5 years), Group B (6 - 10 years) and Group C (11 - 15 years). All specimens were tested for H. pylori antigen with HP Ag (DIA.PRO, Diagnostic Bioprobes, Italy). Results were evaluated statistically. Results: The median age of children with H. pylori positive samples was 6.6 ± 4.1 and 47.9% were girls. Overall positivity of H. pylori stool antigen was 6.6%. Positivity rates due to ages in Groups A, B and C were: 8.9%, 5.8%,? 5.2% respectively (x2 = 9.3, p = 0.01). No difference was observed due to gender (x2 = 0.17, p = 0.68). Conclusion: Higher antigen positivity obtained in 0 - 5 years group, indicates the risk of acquiring the infection in early years of life. Preventive measures for the development of H. pylori infection gain importance, especially in developing countries.展开更多
In the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States,forests include extensive portions of standing dead trees.These regions showcase an intriguing phenomenon where the combined biomass of standing...In the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States,forests include extensive portions of standing dead trees.These regions showcase an intriguing phenomenon where the combined biomass of standing dead trees surpasses that of fallen and decomposing woody debris.This stems from a suite of factors including pest disturbances,management decisions,and a changing climate.With increasingly dry and hot conditions,dead timber on a landscape increases the probability that a fire will occur.Identifying and characterizing the presence of standing dead trees on a landscape helps with forest management efforts including reductions in the wildfire hazard presented by the trees,and vulnerability of nearby park assets should the trees burn.Using forest-based classification,exploratory data analysis,and cluster vulnerability analysis,this study characterized the occurrence and implications of standing dead trees within Yellowstone National Park.The findings show standing dead trees across the entire study area with varying densities.These clusters were cross-referenced with vulnerability parameters of distance to roads,distance to trails,distance to water,distance to buildings,and slope.These parameters inform fire ignition,propagation,and impact.The weighted sum of these parameters was used to determine the vulnerability incurred on the park assets by the clusters and showed the highest values nearest to park entrances and points of interest.High vulnerability clusters warrant priority management to reduce wildfire impact.The framework of this study can be applied to other sites and incorporate additional vulnerability variables to assess forest fuel and impact.This can provide a reference for management to prioritize areas for resource conservation and improve fire prevention and suppression efficiency.展开更多
This study assessed and mapped the spatial distribution of soil types and properties developed under the forest cover of the Strandzha Mountains of Türkiye.The study was conducted on a micro-scale in the riparian...This study assessed and mapped the spatial distribution of soil types and properties developed under the forest cover of the Strandzha Mountains of Türkiye.The study was conducted on a micro-scale in the riparian zone of the Balaban River,which characterizes the soils distributed in the mountainous area.The effect of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of soil types and properties was also determined.To gather data,soil sampling,laboratory analysis,data processing and mapping were sequentially performed.These data were analyzed using the Geographical Information System(GIS)based Random Forest(RF)machine learning technique.Digital Soil Mapping(DSM)was developed with satisfactory performance.DSM suggests that the factors affecting the spatial distribution of soil types and properties in the sample area are,frommost important to least important,topography(50.77%),climate(28.14%),organisms(8.22%),parent material(7.24%)and time(5.63%).With the contributions of all these factors in different proportions,it was determined that soils belonging to the Entisol and then Inceptisol orders were the most widespread in the sample area.The study results revealed that the GIS-based RF machinelearning technique can be used as a reliable tool for the development of DSM in mountainous terrains.展开更多
AIM: To report the effectiveness and safety of primary 23-Gauge (G) vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). · METHODS: In this retrospective study, 49 eyes of 49 consecutive patients wh...AIM: To report the effectiveness and safety of primary 23-Gauge (G) vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). · METHODS: In this retrospective study, 49 eyes of 49 consecutive patients who underwent primary 23-G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) for RRD between January 2007 and July 2009 at our institution were evaluated. · RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 8.9±7.7 months (1-28 months). Retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 47(95.9%) of 49 eyes. In two eyes (4.1%), retinal redetachment due to new breaks was successfully treated with reoperation using the 23-G TSV system. Mean logMAR visual acuity was 2.01±0.47 preoperatively and 1.3±0.5 postoperatively (P <0.001, Paired t -test). Mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14.1±2.8mmHg. Mean postoperative IOP was 12.3±3.6mmHg at 1 day, 13.1±2.1mmHg at 1 week, 14.3±2.2mmHg at 1 month. Iatrogenic peripheral retinal break was observed in 1 eye(2.0%) intraoperatively. No sutures were required to close the scleral or conjunctival openings, and no eyes required convertion of surgery to 20-G vitrectomy. · CONCLUSION: Primary 23-G TSV system was observed to be effective and safe in the treatment of RRD.展开更多
This study examines the relationship between positive and negative investor sentiments and stock market returns and volatility in Group of 20 countries using variousmethods, including panel regression with fixed effec...This study examines the relationship between positive and negative investor sentiments and stock market returns and volatility in Group of 20 countries using variousmethods, including panel regression with fixed effects, panel quantile regressions, apanel vector autoregression (PVAR) model, and country-specific regressions. We proxyfor negative and positive investor sentiments using the Google Search Volume Indexfor terms related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. Using weekly data from March 2020 to May 2021, we document significantrelationships between positive and negative investor sentiments and stock marketreturns and volatility. Specifically, an increase in positive investor sentiment leads toan increase in stock returns while negative investor sentiment decreases stock returnsat lower quantiles. The effect of investor sentiment on volatility is consistent acrossthe distribution: negative sentiment increases volatility, whereas positive sentimentreduces volatility. These results are robust as they are corroborated by Granger causalitytests and a PVAR model. The findings may have portfolio implications as they indicatethat proxies for positive and negative investor sentiments seem to be good predictorsof stock returns and volatility during the pandemic.展开更多
Ergene Basin is one of the most important industrial centers due to the geographical location in Turkey. Uncontrolled and rapidly increasing industrialization brings together a large number of environmental problems i...Ergene Basin is one of the most important industrial centers due to the geographical location in Turkey. Uncontrolled and rapidly increasing industrialization brings together a large number of environmental problems in the basin. In this study, pollution was investigated in the water samples taken at time intervals and different parts of groundwater and surface water resources located within Ergene Basin by methylene blue anionic surfactants （MBAS） analysis method. Turbidity, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity （EC）, concentrations of total P and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates （LAS） were simultaneously determined in the investigated water resources. The results were compared with the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation specified in the Quality Criteria of the Inland Water Resources according to their class. The total P and LAS concentrations of surface waters are generally higher than groundwater. In terms of LAS concentrations, the groundwater is Ⅰ-Ⅱ class and the surface water is Ⅱ-Ⅳ class.展开更多
Tarhana is a Turkish home-made fermented food product. The mixture of wheat flour, yoghurt, yeast, cooked vegetables, salt, and spices is fermented for 1 - 7 days. Tarhana is sun dried and ground for preparation of in...Tarhana is a Turkish home-made fermented food product. The mixture of wheat flour, yoghurt, yeast, cooked vegetables, salt, and spices is fermented for 1 - 7 days. Tarhana is sun dried and ground for preparation of instant Tarhana powder. Color, phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition were determined for home-made Tarhana, collected from 4 cities in the Thrace Region of Turkey. Color and phenolic content were significantly different (P < 0.05). These differences were due to the variation of ingredients used at different locations. The major unsaturated fatty acids were oleic (C18:1, 16.41% - 57.69%), and linoleic acids (C18:2, 9.74% - 56.31%). Palmitic (C16:0, 16.90% - 37.66%) and stearic acids (C18:0, 0.65% - 11.34%) were the main saturated fatty acids. This study suggested that Tarhana soup is a good source of unsaturated fatty acids. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds and their effect on peroxidation of lipids in Tarhana should be tested in future studies.展开更多
Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the results of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with lower extremity venous insufficiency due to great saphenous vein (GSV) ...Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the results of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with lower extremity venous insufficiency due to great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux on efficiency, patient comfort and postoperative morbidity. Methods: Endovascular approach in treatment of GSV insufficiency was performed in 283 patients between 2011 and 2014 at our clinic. In group 1, EVLA was performed on 149 patients (42 male, 107 female;mean age 46.90 ± 11.43) and in group 2, RFA was performed on 134 patients (41 male, 93 female;mean age 47.02 ± 12.58). The results were compared in terms of local pain, ecchymosis, paresthesia, venous clinic severity score (VCSS), length of GSV that process performed, efficiency and Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification data. Results: GSV diameter at saphenofemoral junction level was 10.65 ± 3.72 mm and 11.29 ± 3.78 mm in group 1 and 2, respectively. Length of GSV that process performed was 38.97 ± 6.88 cm in group 1 and 41.83 ± 4.82 cm in group 2. Postoperatively burn, pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were not observed in both groups. Postoperative complications in group 1 were hematoma formation in 2 (1.3%) patients, ecchymosis in 13 (8.7%) patients, edema in 21 (14.1%) patients and paresthesia in 10 (6.7%) patients. Postoperative complications in group 2 were hematoma formation in 1 (0.7%) patient, ecchymosis in 8 (6%) patients, edema in 12 (9%) patients and paresthesia in 6 (4.5%) patients. The efficiency of the process was 96.6% in EVLA group and 98.5% in RFA group. Conclusion: We conclude that both RFA and 1470 nm radial fiber EVLA procedures are effective and reliable techniques in treatment of GSV insufficiency. No significant difference was found between two techniques in terms of efficiency and postoperative morbidity.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome(Met S)on retinal neurodegeneration by optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:Patients diagnosed as Met S were compared with the age and sex-matched healthy control ...AIM:To evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome(Met S)on retinal neurodegeneration by optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:Patients diagnosed as Met S were compared with the age and sex-matched healthy control group(CG).Waist circumference measurements,fasting serological biochemical tests,and systemic blood pressures of all participants were evaluated.The Met S group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of Met S components:hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia(low-,high-density lipoprotein,hypertriglyceridemia),and visceral obesity findings;3-component Met S3,4-component Met S4,and all-component Met S5.All patients underwent complete eye examination and spectral OCT retinal imaging.RESULTS:Totally 58 eyes of 58 patients were included in the Met S group and 63 eyes of 63 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in CG.Met S group was composed of 22 subjects in Met S3,21 subjects in Met S4,and 15 subjects in the Met S5 subgroup.Mean foveal thickness(Met S,218.7±23.1μm vs CG,228.8±21.9μm,P=0.015),mean inferior(Met S,283.4±17.0μm vs CG,288.7±38.4μm,P=0.002),superior(Met S,287.0±18.5μm vs CG 297.3±17.1μm,P=0.001),nasal(Met S 287.3±16.7μm vs CG 297.9±13.9μm,P=0.000)and temporal(274.5±17.6μm vs CG 285.6±13.6μm,P=0.000)thickness in the 3 mm Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)circle was significantly lower in the Met S group.There was no statistically significant difference in the mean inferior,superior,nasal,and temporal thickness of 6 mm ETDRS circle,total macular volume,peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer,macular ganglion cell layer with inner plexiform layer,and ganglion cell complex.No statistically significant difference was found in these values between the Met S3,Met S4,and the Met S5 groups.CONCLUSION:A significant reduction in central macular region thickness in Met S is detected and macular thickness is more susceptible to Met S induced neurodegeneration than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.展开更多
Objectives: Due to the complex breast innervation, postoperative analgesia after breast surgery is a challenge for the anesthesiologists. The erector spinae plane block (ESP) is a newly defined promising technique for...Objectives: Due to the complex breast innervation, postoperative analgesia after breast surgery is a challenge for the anesthesiologists. The erector spinae plane block (ESP) is a newly defined promising technique for this purpose. Since the description by Forero, ultrasound-guided erector spinae block (ESP) has performed for several surgeries for postoperative analgesia. Many regional methods pectoral nerve block (PECs), serratus plane block (SPB), were described in the literature for maintaining postoperative analgesia. Among all these regional anesthesia techniques, paravertebral block (PVB) is the most studied and found to be a valid regional technique for this purpose. Due to its anatomic proximity to the pleura and central neuraxial system, it’s also one of the most challenging techniques. Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 37 and 47 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II and scheduled for elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery without axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled to this case series. In this report, we describe a novel combination of ESP and simplified PVB block and its successful application in 8 cases of oncologic breast surgery. In our clinic, ESP block is performed for all oncological breast cases. Eight cases of MRM without axillary dissection were randomly selected by the same anesthesiologist (AS). 15 mL 0.25% bupivacaine was administered between the erector spinae muscles and the transverse process at the level of the 4th thoracal vertebra with the caudo-cranial approach. Additionally, the needle tip was directed to T4 superior costotransverse ligament, and the ligament was perforated at the top point where it attaches to the T4 transverse process. Results: The ESP block is used for a local anesthetic depot, as a safe and straightforward technique and costotransverse ligament puncture facilitates diffusion and ensures local anesthetic passage to the paravertebral area for thoracic postsurgical analgesia. Using lower doses, comparing this combination with all studies with ESP, it appears that there are a better Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores in the first postoperative hours. NPRS scores at the 12th and 24th hours appear to be similar to those performed in ESP without costotransverse ligament puncture. Conclusion: We submit the first description of a novel combination of ESP block and simplified paravertebral block (PVB) and its successful application in 8 cases of oncologic breast surgery.展开更多
Applications of differential equations with retarded argument can be encountered in the theory of automatic control, in the theory of self-oscillatory systems, in the study of problems connected with combustion in roc...Applications of differential equations with retarded argument can be encountered in the theory of automatic control, in the theory of self-oscillatory systems, in the study of problems connected with combustion in rocket engines, in a number of problems in economics, biophysics. The problems in this areas can be solved reducing differential equations with retarded argument. In this work an important inequality for second order differential equation with retarded argument is obtained.展开更多
Objectives: Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has proven its effectiveness in patients with symptomatic heart failure [1,2]. Although rewarding, the procedure of biventricular pacemaker implantation is challengi...Objectives: Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has proven its effectiveness in patients with symptomatic heart failure [1,2]. Although rewarding, the procedure of biventricular pacemaker implantation is challenging and subsequently fails in 8%-11% of patients. In patients whose left ventricular (LV) electrode cannot be placed transvenously, surgical implantation of an epicardial electrode can be achieved. Methods: Seventeen patients (14 male, 3 female), among whom LV electrode was failed to be placed transvenously, were included into our study. The epicardial LV electrodes were implanted through anterior mini thoracotomy. The patients were followed up for approximate six months and complications, ejection fraction (EF), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, QRS durations as well as pacing parameters were recorded. Results: Mean age of the patients was 64.4 ± 7.01 (54-79) years. Preoperative mean EF of the patients was 26.1% ± 3.7%. The LV electrode was placed at the optimal place on the lateral LV wall through left sided mini thoracotomy. The mean duration of the operation was 26.76 ± 8.12 minutes and the mean hospital stay was 2.05 ± 0.42 days. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Only 1 patient had LV electrode displaced on the 3rd postoperative month and the patient was reoperated successfully. The EF on the 6th postoperative month was 29.4% ± 3.81% and NYHA class was 2.58 ± 0.5. The etiology of heart failure had no influence on outcome. Conclusions: Surgical implantation of LV lead is associated with low complication rates and excellent follow-up results without exposure to radiation. Thus epicardial leads can be proposed as equal alternative to transvenous leads.展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the GY (grain yield) and some quality characters of durum wheat landraces under Thrace Region ecological conditions. This study was carried out in randomized complete blocks desi...The aim of this study was to determine the GY (grain yield) and some quality characters of durum wheat landraces under Thrace Region ecological conditions. This study was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the locations of Tekirdag, Edirne, Klrklareli and Lüleburgaz during the growing years of 2009 and 2010. In the research, 20 durum wheat landraces obtained from different regions of Turkey and 5 obsolete durum wheat cultivars were used as the experimental material. It was determined that the GY, TW (test weight) and PC (protein content) in the first year were higher than the second year in this study. The highest values for GY, TGW (thousand grain weight), and TW and GVR (grain vitreousness rate) were determined in Tekirdag location, while the highest PC was determined in Edirne location. The results of the research showed that GY varied between 321.17-470.33 kg da^-1 in Tekirdag, 301.33-404.00 kg da^-1 in Edirne;197.50-334.67 kg da^-1 in K?rklareli and 280.00-501.33 kg da^-1 in Lüleburgaz. TGWs were determined between 38.17-44.50 g of Tekirdag, 36.00-43.00 g of Edirne, 38.43-43.67 g of Karklareli and 35.33-45.67 g of Lüleburgaz. TW of Tekirdag, Edirne, Karklareli and Lüleburgaz locations changed between 74.67-79.33 kg hl^-1, 69.33-76.83 kg hl^-1, 70.00-75.17 kg hl^-1 and 71.00-77.50 kg hl^-1, respectively. The GVR was determined among 85.00-96.83% in Tekirdag, 68.33-93.33% in Edirne, 67.83-93.83% in Klrklareli, and 85.17-98.17% in Lüleburgaz. The PC of grains was measured among 13.32-14.95% in Tekirdag, 14.90-16.25% in Edirne, 14.27-16.17% in K?rklareli, and 13.40-16.53% in Lüleburgaz. It was determined that Dicle and Dicle-13 landraces for GY and TW, Adlyaman landrace for TGW,Canakkale and Akbugday landraces for the GVR, and Iskenderun, Akbu?day, Erzincan landraces for PC have the highest values.展开更多
Background: Thyroidectomy for giant goiter is a surgical challenge due to distorted and displaced anatomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between giant goiter and its operative complications. Ma...Background: Thyroidectomy for giant goiter is a surgical challenge due to distorted and displaced anatomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between giant goiter and its operative complications. Material and Methods: A retrospective multicenter study of consecutive patients who had thyroid surgery was conducted, including 639 patients who undergone thyroidectomy in State hospital at Van and Corlu city—Turkey. Seven cases had giant goiter in the patients. Total thyroidectomy was performed all patients. Results: All patients were women. The mean weight of glands removed was 689 gr in giant goiter’s patients. Two operative complications had happened;right site injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve had happened to one patient;hypocalcemia was happened to another one patient. In those two patients previously were operated partial thyroidectomy. Conclusions: Thyroidectomy for a massively enlarged goiter is technically challenging. The predominant operative complications were related to previously operate and the thyroid gland due to distorted and displaced anatomy. The surgical approach to such cases requires carefully preoperative evaluation and planning. Especially, using of intraoperative nerve monitoring is to be useful in these difficult cases which previously had undergone surgery.展开更多
Background: In the present study, it was aimed to compare the stent grafts and bare-metal stents in terms of post-procedural patency, clinical recovery and complications in the subjects with symptomatic aorto-iliac ar...Background: In the present study, it was aimed to compare the stent grafts and bare-metal stents in terms of post-procedural patency, clinical recovery and complications in the subjects with symptomatic aorto-iliac arterial disease. Methods: A total of 79 subjects with symptomatic aorto-iliac arterial disease treated with endovascular methods were included in the present study. Forty three subjects received self-expendable bare metal stent (ev3 Protégé stent system, Endovascular Inc., Plymouth, Minnesota, USA) and 36 subjects received PTFE-covered stent graft (Fluency Plus Stent Graft, Bard Peripheral Vascular, Tempe, Arizona). The subjects were compared after and at Months 1, 6, and 12 following the procedure in terms of Rutherford’s classification, ankle-arm index (AAI), patency rates, and complications. Results: The subjects receiving bare metal stent and stent graft for aorto-iliac arterial disease were followed for averagely 15 months. For the subjects receiving bare metal stent, primary patency rates at months 1, 6, and 12 were 98%, 81%, and 70%, respectively, while secondary patency rate at month 12 was found to be 84%. For the group of stent graft, primary patency rates were found as 97%, 97%, and 92%, respectively and secondary patency rate at month 12 was found to be 94%. Stent grafts were applied at the same time in 2 patients who had metal bare metal because the rupture occurred during the procedure. In the comparison between two groups, the group of stent graft was found to be statistically superior to the other in terms of patency, clinical and post-procedural complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the stent grafts were superior to the bare metal stents in terms of patency and complication rates in the subjects with symptomatic aortoiliac disease.展开更多
Viciafaba L. was domesticated around 8000 BC in the Near East; the crop spread to Central Europe and Russia through Anatolia, the Danube Valley and the Caucasus; to Eastern Mediterranean regions through the Mediterran...Viciafaba L. was domesticated around 8000 BC in the Near East; the crop spread to Central Europe and Russia through Anatolia, the Danube Valley and the Caucasus; to Eastern Mediterranean regions through the Mediterranean coast and the Isles; from Egypt and Arabian Coast （the Arabia Felix） to Abyssinia; through Mesopotamia to India and China probably during the first millennium AD （only land races of major type, the latest in being produced, were known in China until recently）. Faba bean （Vicia faba L.） is grown world-wide as a protein source for food and feed. The importance of nutzients （micro and macro） for human growth is universally recognized. An investigation was camed out to select the most successful faba bean genotypes to estimate for seed yield and some of agro-morphological traits. Effective interpretation of the dataon breeding programes is important at all stages of plant improvment. The GT （genotype by trait） was used for two-way faba bean genotypes with multiple traits. For this purpose, six faba bean genotypes with specific components were tested and the GT biplot for genotype data explained 83% of total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of GT presented for five traits of faba bean genotypes showed three vertex genotypes as Goryaka, Karcacaoglan and Seher. Genotype G0ryaka had the highest values for most of the traits. It was demonstzaited that the selection of high seed yield will be via hundred seed weight and planth height. These traits should be considered meanwhile as effective selection criteria developing high yielding faba bean genotypes because of their large contibution to grain yield. The genotypes Goryaka and Karacaoglan could be well-considered for improving of desirable candidate in selection of improvement studies.展开更多
Object?ves: As we known that the internal thoracic artery (ITA) has an excellent patency rate in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, early graft failure due to occlusion and spasm is still the major probl...Object?ves: As we known that the internal thoracic artery (ITA) has an excellent patency rate in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, early graft failure due to occlusion and spasm is still the major problem after coronary artery bypass surgery. We examined histopathologic findings of the clipped internal thoracic artery (ITA) in patients undergoing CABG using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Methods: To investigate the histopathololojic ITA examination, 60 patients were randomly selected. The ITA was harvested in a standart fashion with the use of low voltage electrocotery and its distal end was cut prior to bifurcation and clipped. Just before the ITA anastomosis 1 mm lenght of ITA ring was cut and saved in 2.5% Glutaraldehide solution for fixation and examination of transmission electron microscope (TEM). One blinded anatomopatholog examined all specimens and described the endothelial integrity according to the score system proposed by Fischlein et al. Results: In ten cases (17.5%) different degree of histopathologic findings (endothelial cells, intercellular and intracellular organels and adventitia) were recorded The most important histopatholojic findings of ITA were as follows: endothelial vacuolisation, intimal thickening and/or intimal seperation, suben-dothelial edema, swallowing of cytoplasma and mito-condria. Conclusion: Our results showed that the endothelial pathology is high when the ITA clipped. Unfortunataly, because our study did not include the non-clipped ITA we have not concluded the comparison or statistical results. In our opinion, for absolute definition of the effects of the clipping the ITA it should be planned the comparative results between the clipped and non-clipped ITA histologic examinations.展开更多
文摘Shape irregularity,a sub-factor of parcel fragmentation is a problem that hinders sustainable agriculture and is solved using land consolidation projects.Determination of the parcel shape degree contributes significantly to spatial prioritization where there is also a high probability of achieving positive effects of consolidation projects.This study aims to determine the shape degree of the agricultural parcels both at singular and rural county scales in Tekirdag Province,Turkey in 2020 by combining the parcel shape index(PSI) with the minimum bounding geometry index(MBG) to improve parcel scores.Hot-spot zones of the highly irregular and near optimum parcels were also determined using Getis-Ord G_(i)^(*) statistic.The parcel degrees were classified into four categories,namely highly irregular,irregular,regular and near optimum.The obtained unweighted scores of the parameters exhibit deviations from the expected values.After weighting by pairwise comparison,the values approached ideal scores.Among 346 740 parcels,53% were highly irregular and irregular and 47% were regular and near optimum shapes after weighting whereas these were 70% and 30%,respectively before weighting.The average parcel degree of 63 rural counties was regular while the average parcel degree of the remaining 264 rural counties was irregular.The combined use of PSI and MBG index improved the correctness of the parcel shape score.It could be suggested to use as a tool in land consolidation prioritization.
文摘Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important bacterial pathogen, predominantly in undeveloped countries and regions. We conducted this study to investigate the presence of H. pylori antigen in the stool specimens of children, in Tekirdag, Turkey. Material and Methods: Stool specimens of 1441 children aging between 0 month to 15 years, with the complaints of abdominal pain, anemia, gastroenteritis, nausea and vomiting were included in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups based on their ages: Group A (0 month - 5 years), Group B (6 - 10 years) and Group C (11 - 15 years). All specimens were tested for H. pylori antigen with HP Ag (DIA.PRO, Diagnostic Bioprobes, Italy). Results were evaluated statistically. Results: The median age of children with H. pylori positive samples was 6.6 ± 4.1 and 47.9% were girls. Overall positivity of H. pylori stool antigen was 6.6%. Positivity rates due to ages in Groups A, B and C were: 8.9%, 5.8%,? 5.2% respectively (x2 = 9.3, p = 0.01). No difference was observed due to gender (x2 = 0.17, p = 0.68). Conclusion: Higher antigen positivity obtained in 0 - 5 years group, indicates the risk of acquiring the infection in early years of life. Preventive measures for the development of H. pylori infection gain importance, especially in developing countries.
基金Wyoming NASA EPSCoR Faculty Research Grant(Grant#80NSSC19M0061)Yellowstone National Park Services for their generous support and funding that made this research possible.
文摘In the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States,forests include extensive portions of standing dead trees.These regions showcase an intriguing phenomenon where the combined biomass of standing dead trees surpasses that of fallen and decomposing woody debris.This stems from a suite of factors including pest disturbances,management decisions,and a changing climate.With increasingly dry and hot conditions,dead timber on a landscape increases the probability that a fire will occur.Identifying and characterizing the presence of standing dead trees on a landscape helps with forest management efforts including reductions in the wildfire hazard presented by the trees,and vulnerability of nearby park assets should the trees burn.Using forest-based classification,exploratory data analysis,and cluster vulnerability analysis,this study characterized the occurrence and implications of standing dead trees within Yellowstone National Park.The findings show standing dead trees across the entire study area with varying densities.These clusters were cross-referenced with vulnerability parameters of distance to roads,distance to trails,distance to water,distance to buildings,and slope.These parameters inform fire ignition,propagation,and impact.The weighted sum of these parameters was used to determine the vulnerability incurred on the park assets by the clusters and showed the highest values nearest to park entrances and points of interest.High vulnerability clusters warrant priority management to reduce wildfire impact.The framework of this study can be applied to other sites and incorporate additional vulnerability variables to assess forest fuel and impact.This can provide a reference for management to prioritize areas for resource conservation and improve fire prevention and suppression efficiency.
基金funded by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Tekirdag Namık Kemal University.Project Number:NKUBAP.03.YLGA.21.324.
文摘This study assessed and mapped the spatial distribution of soil types and properties developed under the forest cover of the Strandzha Mountains of Türkiye.The study was conducted on a micro-scale in the riparian zone of the Balaban River,which characterizes the soils distributed in the mountainous area.The effect of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of soil types and properties was also determined.To gather data,soil sampling,laboratory analysis,data processing and mapping were sequentially performed.These data were analyzed using the Geographical Information System(GIS)based Random Forest(RF)machine learning technique.Digital Soil Mapping(DSM)was developed with satisfactory performance.DSM suggests that the factors affecting the spatial distribution of soil types and properties in the sample area are,frommost important to least important,topography(50.77%),climate(28.14%),organisms(8.22%),parent material(7.24%)and time(5.63%).With the contributions of all these factors in different proportions,it was determined that soils belonging to the Entisol and then Inceptisol orders were the most widespread in the sample area.The study results revealed that the GIS-based RF machinelearning technique can be used as a reliable tool for the development of DSM in mountainous terrains.
文摘AIM: To report the effectiveness and safety of primary 23-Gauge (G) vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). · METHODS: In this retrospective study, 49 eyes of 49 consecutive patients who underwent primary 23-G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) for RRD between January 2007 and July 2009 at our institution were evaluated. · RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 8.9±7.7 months (1-28 months). Retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 47(95.9%) of 49 eyes. In two eyes (4.1%), retinal redetachment due to new breaks was successfully treated with reoperation using the 23-G TSV system. Mean logMAR visual acuity was 2.01±0.47 preoperatively and 1.3±0.5 postoperatively (P <0.001, Paired t -test). Mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14.1±2.8mmHg. Mean postoperative IOP was 12.3±3.6mmHg at 1 day, 13.1±2.1mmHg at 1 week, 14.3±2.2mmHg at 1 month. Iatrogenic peripheral retinal break was observed in 1 eye(2.0%) intraoperatively. No sutures were required to close the scleral or conjunctival openings, and no eyes required convertion of surgery to 20-G vitrectomy. · CONCLUSION: Primary 23-G TSV system was observed to be effective and safe in the treatment of RRD.
文摘This study examines the relationship between positive and negative investor sentiments and stock market returns and volatility in Group of 20 countries using variousmethods, including panel regression with fixed effects, panel quantile regressions, apanel vector autoregression (PVAR) model, and country-specific regressions. We proxyfor negative and positive investor sentiments using the Google Search Volume Indexfor terms related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. Using weekly data from March 2020 to May 2021, we document significantrelationships between positive and negative investor sentiments and stock marketreturns and volatility. Specifically, an increase in positive investor sentiment leads toan increase in stock returns while negative investor sentiment decreases stock returnsat lower quantiles. The effect of investor sentiment on volatility is consistent acrossthe distribution: negative sentiment increases volatility, whereas positive sentimentreduces volatility. These results are robust as they are corroborated by Granger causalitytests and a PVAR model. The findings may have portfolio implications as they indicatethat proxies for positive and negative investor sentiments seem to be good predictorsof stock returns and volatility during the pandemic.
文摘Ergene Basin is one of the most important industrial centers due to the geographical location in Turkey. Uncontrolled and rapidly increasing industrialization brings together a large number of environmental problems in the basin. In this study, pollution was investigated in the water samples taken at time intervals and different parts of groundwater and surface water resources located within Ergene Basin by methylene blue anionic surfactants （MBAS） analysis method. Turbidity, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity （EC）, concentrations of total P and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates （LAS） were simultaneously determined in the investigated water resources. The results were compared with the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation specified in the Quality Criteria of the Inland Water Resources according to their class. The total P and LAS concentrations of surface waters are generally higher than groundwater. In terms of LAS concentrations, the groundwater is Ⅰ-Ⅱ class and the surface water is Ⅱ-Ⅳ class.
文摘Tarhana is a Turkish home-made fermented food product. The mixture of wheat flour, yoghurt, yeast, cooked vegetables, salt, and spices is fermented for 1 - 7 days. Tarhana is sun dried and ground for preparation of instant Tarhana powder. Color, phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition were determined for home-made Tarhana, collected from 4 cities in the Thrace Region of Turkey. Color and phenolic content were significantly different (P < 0.05). These differences were due to the variation of ingredients used at different locations. The major unsaturated fatty acids were oleic (C18:1, 16.41% - 57.69%), and linoleic acids (C18:2, 9.74% - 56.31%). Palmitic (C16:0, 16.90% - 37.66%) and stearic acids (C18:0, 0.65% - 11.34%) were the main saturated fatty acids. This study suggested that Tarhana soup is a good source of unsaturated fatty acids. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds and their effect on peroxidation of lipids in Tarhana should be tested in future studies.
文摘Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the results of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with lower extremity venous insufficiency due to great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux on efficiency, patient comfort and postoperative morbidity. Methods: Endovascular approach in treatment of GSV insufficiency was performed in 283 patients between 2011 and 2014 at our clinic. In group 1, EVLA was performed on 149 patients (42 male, 107 female;mean age 46.90 ± 11.43) and in group 2, RFA was performed on 134 patients (41 male, 93 female;mean age 47.02 ± 12.58). The results were compared in terms of local pain, ecchymosis, paresthesia, venous clinic severity score (VCSS), length of GSV that process performed, efficiency and Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification data. Results: GSV diameter at saphenofemoral junction level was 10.65 ± 3.72 mm and 11.29 ± 3.78 mm in group 1 and 2, respectively. Length of GSV that process performed was 38.97 ± 6.88 cm in group 1 and 41.83 ± 4.82 cm in group 2. Postoperatively burn, pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were not observed in both groups. Postoperative complications in group 1 were hematoma formation in 2 (1.3%) patients, ecchymosis in 13 (8.7%) patients, edema in 21 (14.1%) patients and paresthesia in 10 (6.7%) patients. Postoperative complications in group 2 were hematoma formation in 1 (0.7%) patient, ecchymosis in 8 (6%) patients, edema in 12 (9%) patients and paresthesia in 6 (4.5%) patients. The efficiency of the process was 96.6% in EVLA group and 98.5% in RFA group. Conclusion: We conclude that both RFA and 1470 nm radial fiber EVLA procedures are effective and reliable techniques in treatment of GSV insufficiency. No significant difference was found between two techniques in terms of efficiency and postoperative morbidity.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome(Met S)on retinal neurodegeneration by optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS:Patients diagnosed as Met S were compared with the age and sex-matched healthy control group(CG).Waist circumference measurements,fasting serological biochemical tests,and systemic blood pressures of all participants were evaluated.The Met S group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of Met S components:hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia(low-,high-density lipoprotein,hypertriglyceridemia),and visceral obesity findings;3-component Met S3,4-component Met S4,and all-component Met S5.All patients underwent complete eye examination and spectral OCT retinal imaging.RESULTS:Totally 58 eyes of 58 patients were included in the Met S group and 63 eyes of 63 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in CG.Met S group was composed of 22 subjects in Met S3,21 subjects in Met S4,and 15 subjects in the Met S5 subgroup.Mean foveal thickness(Met S,218.7±23.1μm vs CG,228.8±21.9μm,P=0.015),mean inferior(Met S,283.4±17.0μm vs CG,288.7±38.4μm,P=0.002),superior(Met S,287.0±18.5μm vs CG 297.3±17.1μm,P=0.001),nasal(Met S 287.3±16.7μm vs CG 297.9±13.9μm,P=0.000)and temporal(274.5±17.6μm vs CG 285.6±13.6μm,P=0.000)thickness in the 3 mm Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)circle was significantly lower in the Met S group.There was no statistically significant difference in the mean inferior,superior,nasal,and temporal thickness of 6 mm ETDRS circle,total macular volume,peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer,macular ganglion cell layer with inner plexiform layer,and ganglion cell complex.No statistically significant difference was found in these values between the Met S3,Met S4,and the Met S5 groups.CONCLUSION:A significant reduction in central macular region thickness in Met S is detected and macular thickness is more susceptible to Met S induced neurodegeneration than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.
文摘Objectives: Due to the complex breast innervation, postoperative analgesia after breast surgery is a challenge for the anesthesiologists. The erector spinae plane block (ESP) is a newly defined promising technique for this purpose. Since the description by Forero, ultrasound-guided erector spinae block (ESP) has performed for several surgeries for postoperative analgesia. Many regional methods pectoral nerve block (PECs), serratus plane block (SPB), were described in the literature for maintaining postoperative analgesia. Among all these regional anesthesia techniques, paravertebral block (PVB) is the most studied and found to be a valid regional technique for this purpose. Due to its anatomic proximity to the pleura and central neuraxial system, it’s also one of the most challenging techniques. Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 37 and 47 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II and scheduled for elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery without axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled to this case series. In this report, we describe a novel combination of ESP and simplified PVB block and its successful application in 8 cases of oncologic breast surgery. In our clinic, ESP block is performed for all oncological breast cases. Eight cases of MRM without axillary dissection were randomly selected by the same anesthesiologist (AS). 15 mL 0.25% bupivacaine was administered between the erector spinae muscles and the transverse process at the level of the 4th thoracal vertebra with the caudo-cranial approach. Additionally, the needle tip was directed to T4 superior costotransverse ligament, and the ligament was perforated at the top point where it attaches to the T4 transverse process. Results: The ESP block is used for a local anesthetic depot, as a safe and straightforward technique and costotransverse ligament puncture facilitates diffusion and ensures local anesthetic passage to the paravertebral area for thoracic postsurgical analgesia. Using lower doses, comparing this combination with all studies with ESP, it appears that there are a better Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores in the first postoperative hours. NPRS scores at the 12th and 24th hours appear to be similar to those performed in ESP without costotransverse ligament puncture. Conclusion: We submit the first description of a novel combination of ESP block and simplified paravertebral block (PVB) and its successful application in 8 cases of oncologic breast surgery.
文摘Applications of differential equations with retarded argument can be encountered in the theory of automatic control, in the theory of self-oscillatory systems, in the study of problems connected with combustion in rocket engines, in a number of problems in economics, biophysics. The problems in this areas can be solved reducing differential equations with retarded argument. In this work an important inequality for second order differential equation with retarded argument is obtained.
文摘Objectives: Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has proven its effectiveness in patients with symptomatic heart failure [1,2]. Although rewarding, the procedure of biventricular pacemaker implantation is challenging and subsequently fails in 8%-11% of patients. In patients whose left ventricular (LV) electrode cannot be placed transvenously, surgical implantation of an epicardial electrode can be achieved. Methods: Seventeen patients (14 male, 3 female), among whom LV electrode was failed to be placed transvenously, were included into our study. The epicardial LV electrodes were implanted through anterior mini thoracotomy. The patients were followed up for approximate six months and complications, ejection fraction (EF), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, QRS durations as well as pacing parameters were recorded. Results: Mean age of the patients was 64.4 ± 7.01 (54-79) years. Preoperative mean EF of the patients was 26.1% ± 3.7%. The LV electrode was placed at the optimal place on the lateral LV wall through left sided mini thoracotomy. The mean duration of the operation was 26.76 ± 8.12 minutes and the mean hospital stay was 2.05 ± 0.42 days. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Only 1 patient had LV electrode displaced on the 3rd postoperative month and the patient was reoperated successfully. The EF on the 6th postoperative month was 29.4% ± 3.81% and NYHA class was 2.58 ± 0.5. The etiology of heart failure had no influence on outcome. Conclusions: Surgical implantation of LV lead is associated with low complication rates and excellent follow-up results without exposure to radiation. Thus epicardial leads can be proposed as equal alternative to transvenous leads.
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the GY (grain yield) and some quality characters of durum wheat landraces under Thrace Region ecological conditions. This study was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the locations of Tekirdag, Edirne, Klrklareli and Lüleburgaz during the growing years of 2009 and 2010. In the research, 20 durum wheat landraces obtained from different regions of Turkey and 5 obsolete durum wheat cultivars were used as the experimental material. It was determined that the GY, TW (test weight) and PC (protein content) in the first year were higher than the second year in this study. The highest values for GY, TGW (thousand grain weight), and TW and GVR (grain vitreousness rate) were determined in Tekirdag location, while the highest PC was determined in Edirne location. The results of the research showed that GY varied between 321.17-470.33 kg da^-1 in Tekirdag, 301.33-404.00 kg da^-1 in Edirne;197.50-334.67 kg da^-1 in K?rklareli and 280.00-501.33 kg da^-1 in Lüleburgaz. TGWs were determined between 38.17-44.50 g of Tekirdag, 36.00-43.00 g of Edirne, 38.43-43.67 g of Karklareli and 35.33-45.67 g of Lüleburgaz. TW of Tekirdag, Edirne, Karklareli and Lüleburgaz locations changed between 74.67-79.33 kg hl^-1, 69.33-76.83 kg hl^-1, 70.00-75.17 kg hl^-1 and 71.00-77.50 kg hl^-1, respectively. The GVR was determined among 85.00-96.83% in Tekirdag, 68.33-93.33% in Edirne, 67.83-93.83% in Klrklareli, and 85.17-98.17% in Lüleburgaz. The PC of grains was measured among 13.32-14.95% in Tekirdag, 14.90-16.25% in Edirne, 14.27-16.17% in K?rklareli, and 13.40-16.53% in Lüleburgaz. It was determined that Dicle and Dicle-13 landraces for GY and TW, Adlyaman landrace for TGW,Canakkale and Akbugday landraces for the GVR, and Iskenderun, Akbu?day, Erzincan landraces for PC have the highest values.
文摘Background: Thyroidectomy for giant goiter is a surgical challenge due to distorted and displaced anatomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between giant goiter and its operative complications. Material and Methods: A retrospective multicenter study of consecutive patients who had thyroid surgery was conducted, including 639 patients who undergone thyroidectomy in State hospital at Van and Corlu city—Turkey. Seven cases had giant goiter in the patients. Total thyroidectomy was performed all patients. Results: All patients were women. The mean weight of glands removed was 689 gr in giant goiter’s patients. Two operative complications had happened;right site injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve had happened to one patient;hypocalcemia was happened to another one patient. In those two patients previously were operated partial thyroidectomy. Conclusions: Thyroidectomy for a massively enlarged goiter is technically challenging. The predominant operative complications were related to previously operate and the thyroid gland due to distorted and displaced anatomy. The surgical approach to such cases requires carefully preoperative evaluation and planning. Especially, using of intraoperative nerve monitoring is to be useful in these difficult cases which previously had undergone surgery.
文摘Background: In the present study, it was aimed to compare the stent grafts and bare-metal stents in terms of post-procedural patency, clinical recovery and complications in the subjects with symptomatic aorto-iliac arterial disease. Methods: A total of 79 subjects with symptomatic aorto-iliac arterial disease treated with endovascular methods were included in the present study. Forty three subjects received self-expendable bare metal stent (ev3 Protégé stent system, Endovascular Inc., Plymouth, Minnesota, USA) and 36 subjects received PTFE-covered stent graft (Fluency Plus Stent Graft, Bard Peripheral Vascular, Tempe, Arizona). The subjects were compared after and at Months 1, 6, and 12 following the procedure in terms of Rutherford’s classification, ankle-arm index (AAI), patency rates, and complications. Results: The subjects receiving bare metal stent and stent graft for aorto-iliac arterial disease were followed for averagely 15 months. For the subjects receiving bare metal stent, primary patency rates at months 1, 6, and 12 were 98%, 81%, and 70%, respectively, while secondary patency rate at month 12 was found to be 84%. For the group of stent graft, primary patency rates were found as 97%, 97%, and 92%, respectively and secondary patency rate at month 12 was found to be 94%. Stent grafts were applied at the same time in 2 patients who had metal bare metal because the rupture occurred during the procedure. In the comparison between two groups, the group of stent graft was found to be statistically superior to the other in terms of patency, clinical and post-procedural complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the stent grafts were superior to the bare metal stents in terms of patency and complication rates in the subjects with symptomatic aortoiliac disease.
文摘Viciafaba L. was domesticated around 8000 BC in the Near East; the crop spread to Central Europe and Russia through Anatolia, the Danube Valley and the Caucasus; to Eastern Mediterranean regions through the Mediterranean coast and the Isles; from Egypt and Arabian Coast （the Arabia Felix） to Abyssinia; through Mesopotamia to India and China probably during the first millennium AD （only land races of major type, the latest in being produced, were known in China until recently）. Faba bean （Vicia faba L.） is grown world-wide as a protein source for food and feed. The importance of nutzients （micro and macro） for human growth is universally recognized. An investigation was camed out to select the most successful faba bean genotypes to estimate for seed yield and some of agro-morphological traits. Effective interpretation of the dataon breeding programes is important at all stages of plant improvment. The GT （genotype by trait） was used for two-way faba bean genotypes with multiple traits. For this purpose, six faba bean genotypes with specific components were tested and the GT biplot for genotype data explained 83% of total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of GT presented for five traits of faba bean genotypes showed three vertex genotypes as Goryaka, Karcacaoglan and Seher. Genotype G0ryaka had the highest values for most of the traits. It was demonstzaited that the selection of high seed yield will be via hundred seed weight and planth height. These traits should be considered meanwhile as effective selection criteria developing high yielding faba bean genotypes because of their large contibution to grain yield. The genotypes Goryaka and Karacaoglan could be well-considered for improving of desirable candidate in selection of improvement studies.
文摘Object?ves: As we known that the internal thoracic artery (ITA) has an excellent patency rate in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, early graft failure due to occlusion and spasm is still the major problem after coronary artery bypass surgery. We examined histopathologic findings of the clipped internal thoracic artery (ITA) in patients undergoing CABG using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Methods: To investigate the histopathololojic ITA examination, 60 patients were randomly selected. The ITA was harvested in a standart fashion with the use of low voltage electrocotery and its distal end was cut prior to bifurcation and clipped. Just before the ITA anastomosis 1 mm lenght of ITA ring was cut and saved in 2.5% Glutaraldehide solution for fixation and examination of transmission electron microscope (TEM). One blinded anatomopatholog examined all specimens and described the endothelial integrity according to the score system proposed by Fischlein et al. Results: In ten cases (17.5%) different degree of histopathologic findings (endothelial cells, intercellular and intracellular organels and adventitia) were recorded The most important histopatholojic findings of ITA were as follows: endothelial vacuolisation, intimal thickening and/or intimal seperation, suben-dothelial edema, swallowing of cytoplasma and mito-condria. Conclusion: Our results showed that the endothelial pathology is high when the ITA clipped. Unfortunataly, because our study did not include the non-clipped ITA we have not concluded the comparison or statistical results. In our opinion, for absolute definition of the effects of the clipping the ITA it should be planned the comparative results between the clipped and non-clipped ITA histologic examinations.
