Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identificati...Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.展开更多
Background:Low-dose rate(LDR)prostate brachytherapy is a recommended treatment of localized prostate cancer in current guidelines.The study aimed to determine biochemical relapse-free survival(BRFS)in patients treated...Background:Low-dose rate(LDR)prostate brachytherapy is a recommended treatment of localized prostate cancer in current guidelines.The study aimed to determine biochemical relapse-free survival(BRFS)in patients treated with dynamic real-time low-dose rate(LDR)brachytherapy using Iodine 125(I^(125)).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 499 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with I^(125) LDR realtime brachytherapy between 2003 and 2021.The mean patient age was 65 years(range:45–84 years).Based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)risk classification,230 patients(46.1%)were categorized as low risk,235(47.1%)as intermediate risk,and 34(6.8%)as high risk.Gleason scores were distributed as follows:3+3 in 283 cases(56.7%),3+4 in 157 cases(31.5%),4+3 in 46 cases(9.2%),and 4+4 in 13 cases(2.6%).The mean follow-up was 70.5 months.Results:Tumor relapse was observed in 47 patients(9.4%)over a mean follow-up period of 6.26 years(SD 4.16).Local recurrence within the prostate occurred in 20 cases(4%).Patients with nadir PSA<0.2 ng/mL at 5 years of follow-up had a significantly lower incidence of tumor recurrence(3%)compared to those with a nadir PSA>0.2 ng/mL(21.9%)(p=0.0001).Biochemical relapse-free(BRFS)rates at 5,10 and 15 years were 96%,91.5% and 88.9%,respectively.When stratified by NCCCN risk groups,5-year BRFS was 96% in low risk,98% in intermediate risk and 85% in high risk patients(p=0.003).Inmultivariate analysis,only age at the time of brachytherapy(p=0.009),initial PSA(p=0.007)and Gleason grade(p=0.007)were significantly associated with tumor recurrence.Cancer-specific survival and overall survival were 99.8% and 98.0%,respectively.Conclusions:LDR with I^(125) has excellent longterm oncological outcomes for patients with low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer,in particular,patients achieving a nadir PSA<0.2 ng/mL at 5 years post-treatment.展开更多
The malicious dissemination of hate speech via compromised accounts,automated bot networks and malware-driven social media campaigns has become a growing cybersecurity concern.Automatically detecting such content in S...The malicious dissemination of hate speech via compromised accounts,automated bot networks and malware-driven social media campaigns has become a growing cybersecurity concern.Automatically detecting such content in Spanish is challenging due to linguistic complexity and the scarcity of annotated resources.In this paper,we compare two predominant AI-based approaches for the forensic detection of malicious hate speech:(1)finetuning encoder-only models that have been trained in Spanish and(2)In-Context Learning techniques(Zero-and Few-Shot Learning)with large-scale language models.Our approach goes beyond binary classification,proposing a comprehensive,multidimensional evaluation that labels each text by:(1)type of speech,(2)recipient,(3)level of intensity(ordinal)and(4)targeted group(multi-label).Performance is evaluated using an annotated Spanish corpus,standard metrics such as precision,recall and F1-score and stability-oriented metrics to evaluate the stability of the transition from zero-shot to few-shot prompting(Zero-to-Few Shot Retention and Zero-to-Few Shot Gain)are applied.The results indicate that fine-tuned encoder-only models(notably MarIA and BETO variants)consistently deliver the strongest and most reliable performance:in our experiments their macro F1-scores lie roughly in the range of approximately 46%–66%depending on the task.Zero-shot approaches are much less stable and typically yield substantially lower performance(observed F1-scores range approximately 0%–39%),often producing invalid outputs in practice.Few-shot prompting(e.g.,Qwen 38B,Mistral 7B)generally improves stability and recall relative to pure zero-shot,bringing F1-scores into a moderate range of approximately 20%–51%but still falling short of fully fine-tuned models.These findings highlight the importance of supervised adaptation and discuss the potential of both paradigms as components in AI-powered cybersecurity and malware forensics systems designed to identify and mitigate coordinated online hate campaigns.展开更多
Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.gr...Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.graveolens being the most widely distributed and economically important.Despite its relevance,few domesticated or semi-domesticated cultivars exist,and wild populations remain the main source of raw material,raising concerns regarding sustainability and quality standardization.The essential oil and oleoresins of L.graveolens possess recognized bioactivity,including antioxidant,antifungal,antibacterial,and anti-inflammatory properties,largely attributed to phenolic compounds such as thymol and carvacrol.Given the increasing global demand for natural bioactives and functional foods,optimizing cultivation practices is essential to enhance both the yield and phytochemical quality of this species.This study evaluated the effect of organic fertilization(0,5,10,and 15 t ha^(−1)of vermicompost)on the phenolic profile,flavonoid content,and antioxidant capacity of oregano oleoresin obtained from a semi-domesticated population across three harvests.The highest phenolic concentration(≈500 mg GAE g^(−1)extract)and greatest antioxidant activity(ABTS>3.5×10^(5)μmol TE g^(−1)extract)were observed at the 5 t ha^(−1)dose during the second harvest.Flavonoid content peaked in the third harvest(480-620 mg QE g^(−1)extract),whereas the unfertilized control exhibited the highest DPPH activity in the first harvest.Overall,the results indicate that vermicompost dosage and harvest timing substantially influence the functional quality of L.graveolens.Moderate organic fertilization,particularly 5 t ha^(−1),enhances the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites,underscoring its potential for sustainable production systems.展开更多
Aging is a physiological and complex process produced by accumulative age-dependent cellular damage,which significantly impacts brain regions like the hippocampus,an essential region involved in memory and learning.A ...Aging is a physiological and complex process produced by accumulative age-dependent cellular damage,which significantly impacts brain regions like the hippocampus,an essential region involved in memory and learning.A crucial factor contributing to this decline is the dysfunction of mitochondria,particularly those located at synapses.Synaptic mitochondria are specialized organelles that produce the energy required for synaptic transmission but are also important for calcium homeostasis at these sites.In contrast,non-synaptic mitochondria primarily involve cellular metabolism and long-term energy supply.Both pools of mitochondria differ in their form,proteome,functionality,and cellular role.The proper functioning of synaptic mitochondria depends on processes such as mitochondrial dynamics,transport,and quality control.However,synaptic mitochondria are particularly vulnerable to age-associated damage,characterized by oxidative stress,impaired energy production,and calcium dysregulation.These changes compromise synaptic transmission,reducing synaptic activity and cognitive decline during aging.In the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s,the decline of synaptic mitochondrial function is even more pronounced.These diseases are marked by pathological protein accumulation,disrupted mitochondrial dynamics,and heightened oxidative stress,accelerating synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss.Due to their specialized role and location,synaptic mitochondria are among the first organelles to exhibit dysfunction,underscoring their critical role in disease progression.This review delves into the main differences at structural and functional levels between synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria,emphasizing the vulnerability of synaptic mitochondria to the aging process and neurodegeneration.These approaches highlight the potential of targeting synaptic mitochondria to mitigate age-associated cognitive impairment and synaptic degeneration.This review emphasizes the distinct vulnerabilities of hippocampal synaptic mitochondria,highlighting their essential role in sustaining brain function throughout life and their promise as therapeutic targets for safeguarding the cognitive capacities of people of advanced age.展开更多
Over the years,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have revolutionized the medical imaging industry for applications such as image synthesis,denoising,super resolution,data augmentation,and cross-modality translation...Over the years,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have revolutionized the medical imaging industry for applications such as image synthesis,denoising,super resolution,data augmentation,and cross-modality translation.The objective of this review is to evaluate the advances,relevances,and limitations of GANs in medical imaging.An organised literature review was conducted following the guidelines of PRISMA(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).The literature considered included peer-reviewed papers published between 2020 and 2025 across databases including PubMed,IEEE Xplore,and Scopus.The studies related to applications of GAN architectures in medical imaging with reported experimental outcomes and published in English in reputable journals and conferences were considered for the review.Thesis,white papers,communication letters,and non-English articles were not included for the same.CLAIM based quality assessment criteria were applied to the included studies to assess the quality.The study classifies diverse GAN architectures,summarizing their clinical applications,technical performances,and their implementation hardships.Key findings reveal the increasing applications of GANs for enhancing diagnostic accuracy,reducing data scarcity through synthetic data generation,and supporting modality translation.However,concerns such as limited generalizability,lack of clinical validation,and regulatory constraints persist.This review provides a comprehensive study of the prevailing scenario of GANs in medical imaging and highlights crucial research gaps and future directions.Though GANs hold transformative capability for medical imaging,their integration into clinical use demands further validation,interpretability,and regulatory alignment.展开更多
Acetogenins are lipidic polyketides with antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic,and antitumor properties,mainly found in the roots,stems,bark,leaves,and fruits(particularly the seeds)of Annonaceae species.Previous studie...Acetogenins are lipidic polyketides with antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic,and antitumor properties,mainly found in the roots,stems,bark,leaves,and fruits(particularly the seeds)of Annonaceae species.Previous studies have identified acetogenins in the peel and pulp of soursop(Annona muricata L.)fruits.In this research,acetogenins present in starch and pectin extracted from these fruits were analyzed and identified,given their potential importance in the pharmaceutical and possibly in the food industries.The objective was to identify and quantify acetogenins in starch and pectin of soursop fruits.Extraction of both polysaccharides was performed using conventional and ultrasound-assisted methods,obtaining two types of pastes(white and brown).These were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR).Methanolic extracts from the pastes were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and open-column fractionation.Acetogenins were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The compounds identified were pseudoannonacin and anonacin.In pectin,the concentration(μg g^(−1)of dry basis P/A)of pseudoannonacin was 340.06(conventional)and 452.80(ultrasound-assisted),while for anonacin it was 302.29(conventional)and 397.23(ultrasound-assisted).In starch,the concentration(μg g^(−1)of dry basis P/A)of pseudoannonacin was 20.72(conventional)and 21.60(ultrasound-assisted),whereas anonacin showed concentrations of 1.63(conventional)and 3.12(ultrasound-assisted).These results confirm the presence of anonacin and pseudoannonacin in both starch and pectin of soursop fruits,with pseudoannonacin being the most abundant acetogenin detected.展开更多
The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that ...The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that can be transformed into porous carbon.We prepared an ac-tivated carbon by microwave pyrolysis combined with KOH activator using the CTLS as starting materials.The carbon had a specific surface area of 556 m^(2)g^(-1) and a honeycomb-like structure.Two kinds of N-doped activated carbons were then synthesized by thermal decomposition of the activated carbon,either combined with urea,or impregnated with eth-anolamine.Both N-doped activated carbons have an in-creased number of nitrogen and amine surface groups.However,only the urea treatment was effective in improv-ing the initial capacity of the cell(1363 mAh g^(-1)),which is probably linked to the sorption of long-chain polysulfides.This investigation confirms that it is possible to use the thermal de-composition of urea to obtain carbon materials from CTLS for use as the sulfur-host cathode in Li-S batteries and improve their performance.A radial basis function neural network was fitted to provide statistical support for the experimental results,which confirmed the importance of the nitrogen content of the carbons in determining the discharge capacity of the cells.展开更多
The biochemical response of Coffea arabica var.Borbon to chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides(COS)was evaluated in one-year-old plants under greenhouse conditions.COS solutions were synthesized through chemical and ...The biochemical response of Coffea arabica var.Borbon to chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides(COS)was evaluated in one-year-old plants under greenhouse conditions.COS solutions were synthesized through chemical and physical hydrolysis using acetic acid,hydrogen peroxide,and microwave irradiation.The obtained COS had an average molecular weight(Mw)of 3549.90±0.33 Daltons(Da),a deacetylation degree(DD)of 76.64±1.12%,and a polymerization degree(PD)of 18.91±0.0018.Solutions of chitosan and COS were applied to C.arabica var.Borbon at concentrations of 0.25,0.5,and 1 wt%.The experimental design was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replications.The biochemical responses assessed included soluble protein content,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),chitinase,β-1,3-glucanase,peroxidase,catalase,and chlorophyll fluorescence.The application of COS demonstrated significant differences(α=0.05)in protein concentration,with the activity ofβ-1,3-glucanase,chitinase,and catalase being 1.5,7.5,and 3.9 times higher,respectively,while showing similar behavior to chitosan in PAL activity,both up to 4.4 times higher than the distilled water control and lower than chitosan in peroxidase activity.Treatments with chitosan yielded a higher photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II(PSII).The application of COS suggests a viable foliar alternative to active plant defense mechanisms without the risk of phytotoxicity.展开更多
A significant portion of losses in the fruit and vegetable sector are caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea,due to its high prevalence in over 1000 crop species.Identifying a technology capable of exclusi...A significant portion of losses in the fruit and vegetable sector are caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea,due to its high prevalence in over 1000 crop species.Identifying a technology capable of exclusively inhibiting its growth and development remains challenging;therefore,various treatments have been proposed to act synergistically in preventing the spread of this pathogen.The objective of this study was to evaluate an ultrasound-assisted treatment combined with chitosan to control the development of B.cinerea.In vitro analyses showed that combining temperature,ultrasound,and chitosan inhibited the fungal radial growth by 80%,reduced sporulation,and decreased germination.Electrolyte leak analysis indicated damage to the B.cinerea cell wall,causing intracellular material to escape into the environment.Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images also revealed severe structural damage,including loss of the cytoplasmic membrane and cell lysis.展开更多
Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domest...Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domesticated variety. The Capsicum genus is known for its sensitivity to water stress. We pretreated the seedlings’ roots by immersing them in proline solutions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) for 48 h. Then, we exposed them to water stress using a Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) for nine days. We analyzed key physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, cell membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, and proline content. The results indicated that proline concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM significantly increased tolerance to water stress, with 100% survival. These seedlings maintained greater hydration and cell membrane stability compared to non-pretreated seedlings. In contrast, at the highest concentrations (7.5 and 10 mM Pro), survival was 63.63% and 54.54%, respectively. This study demonstrated that exogenous proline enhances water stress tolerance in Capsicum frutescens seedlings by mitigating the negative impact on physiological and biochemical processes vital for survival. This theoretical foundation can be applied to improve chili seedling performance in controlled production environments.展开更多
Hypertension disrupts cerebral blood flow,leading to endothelial dysfunction,breakdown of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),and inflammatory cell infiltration.This cascade triggers glial cell activation,increases oxidative...Hypertension disrupts cerebral blood flow,leading to endothelial dysfunction,breakdown of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),and inflammatory cell infiltration.This cascade triggers glial cell activation,increases oxidative stress,and causes pro-inflammatory cytokine release,creating a neurotoxic environment.In this context,we explore the intricate connection between hypertension,neuroinflammation,and neurodegeneration,as well as how hypertension interacts with other metabolic disorders,such as obesity and diabetes,to further worsen neuroinflammation.Additionally,we discuss the role of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system,the impact of the microbiome,and the potential contribution of chronic infections in exacerbating neuroinflammation.It is essential to emphasize the potential of nanotechnology to transform therapeutic approaches.Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can enhance the bioavailability and selectivity of antihypertensive drugs,antioxidants,and neuroprotective compounds,enabling targeted delivery across the BBB.By combining effective blood pressure management with nanotechnology-enabled therapies that modulate inflammation,oxidative stress,and protein aggregation,we can explore new avenues for preventing and treating hypertension and metabolic disorder-associated neurodegenerative conditions.Ultimately,hypertension significantly contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by promoting neuronal cell death,primarily through impaired cerebral blood flow and disruption of the BBB.The interaction of hypertension with metabolic disorders exacerbates these effects.However,advancements in our understanding and new technologies reveal promising nanopharmacological approaches for targeted drug delivery to the brain,thereby improving treatment outcomes,enhancing adherence,and reducing side effects.展开更多
Corn(Zea mays L.)is a very sensitive crop to phosphorus(P)deficiency during the early development phase,which may be a limiting factor for the sustainable production of this crop in P-deficient tropical soils.However,...Corn(Zea mays L.)is a very sensitive crop to phosphorus(P)deficiency during the early development phase,which may be a limiting factor for the sustainable production of this crop in P-deficient tropical soils.However,scientific evidence indicates that inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can improve the development,uptake,and P-use efficiency of corn plants.In the present study,two contrasting corn hybrids were investigated for their responsiveness to multiple inoculations of Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.velezencis,and Pseudomonas fluorescens and application of phosphate fertilizer rates in the sandy soil of the Brazilian Cerrado.Plants from stable(DKB 360 PRO3)and responsive(DKB 255 PRO3)corn hybrids were inoculated with 0 and 2 mL of inoculant containing multiple phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fertilized with low(0 mg P·kg^(-1)),medium(40 mg P·kg^(-1))and high(80 mg P·kg^(-1))levels of phosphate fertilizer using triple superphosphate(46% of P_(2)O_(5)).Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design using 2×2×3 factorial scheme,with four replicates.Plants were grown in 8-L pots for 70 days under greenhouse conditions.Morphological characteristics,leaf P concentration,and P use efficiency of corn plants were evaluated.Our results showed that the multiple inoculations of Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.velezencis,and Pseudomonas fluorescens are a promising sustainable agricultural practice to be recommended for corn cultivation,especially because it improves the development and P use efficiency of plants fertilized with medium P levels,which reduces the costs associated with mineral phosphate fertilization,a non-renewable fertilizer source.In sandy tropical soilwith low P availability,applying intermediate rates of highly soluble phosphate fertilizer,such as triple superphosphate,is sufficient to maximize plant development and the nutritional status of corn crops for sustainable production with low environmental impact.展开更多
Self-Explaining Autonomous Systems(SEAS)have emerged as a strategic frontier within Artificial Intelligence(AI),responding to growing demands for transparency and interpretability in autonomous decisionmaking.This stu...Self-Explaining Autonomous Systems(SEAS)have emerged as a strategic frontier within Artificial Intelligence(AI),responding to growing demands for transparency and interpretability in autonomous decisionmaking.This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of SEAS research published between 2020 and February 2025,drawing upon 1380 documents indexed in Scopus.The analysis applies co-citation mapping,keyword co-occurrence,and author collaboration networks using VOSviewer,MASHA,and Python to examine scientific production,intellectual structure,and global collaboration patterns.The results indicate a sustained annual growth rate of 41.38%,with an h-index of 57 and an average of 21.97 citations per document.A normalized citation rate was computed to address temporal bias,enabling balanced evaluation across publication cohorts.Thematic analysis reveals four consolidated research fronts:interpretability in machine learning,explainability in deep neural networks,transparency in generative models,and optimization strategies in autonomous control.Author co-citation analysis identifies four distinct research communities,and keyword evolution shows growing interdisciplinary links with medicine,cybersecurity,and industrial automation.The United States leads in scientific output and citation impact at the geographical level,while countries like India and China show high productivity with varied influence.However,international collaboration remains limited at 7.39%,reflecting a fragmented research landscape.As discussed in this study,SEAS research is expanding rapidly yet remains epistemologically dispersed,with uneven integration of ethical and human-centered perspectives.This work offers a structured and data-driven perspective on SEAS development,highlights key contributors and thematic trends,and outlines critical directions for advancing responsible and transparent autonomous systems.展开更多
The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and th...The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and the need to recover, maintain and enhance the ecosystem services they provide. However, we lack understanding of aboveground biomass (AGB) accumulation in restored Andean montane forests. AGB is a key indicator of ecosystem productivity and provides essential data on vegetation carbon stocks, permitting the assess successfulness of restoration efforts. In 2010 the initiative Más Bosques para Medellín was formulated in Medellín City, tropical Andes, Colombia, aiming to restore the forests located in the surrounding rural areas of the city, with interest in preserving the ecosystems services like water supply. The project established 548 ha of mixed plantations with native species. After 13 years, our study aims to developed in situ allometric equations and to evaluate AGB accumulation to assess restoration performance. We measured, harvested, and weighted 144 individuals from these arrangements to fit a general equation for the project and six specific equations for each one of the six most frequent species. The AGB had a positive correlation with diameter at breast height (D), total height (H) and specific wood density (WD). The best general equation uses D and WD as predictors (R^(2) = 0.928). The specific species equations certainly responded to the functional traits of each species. Using the latest inventory of permanent plots of the project we estimated a mean AGB accumulation of 41.91 ± 30.34 Mg ha^(–1) and a total accumulation of 22,996.05 Mg of AGB for the 548 ha. We compared these results with studies developed for natural forest in the region and other land covers. We found contrast behaviors in the AGB accumulation across our study zones. The developed equations have broad applicability across the Andes region, offering valuable insights for similar restoration initiatives. Furthermore, will facilitate the assessment of current restoration efforts and inform scientifically based decisions for future mixed plantation practices.展开更多
Through the analysis of representative samples of field galaxies,both local(z~0.027)and distant(z~0.7),we explore the barred galaxy fraction and its dependence on stellar mass,color,and morphology,aiming to understand...Through the analysis of representative samples of field galaxies,both local(z~0.027)and distant(z~0.7),we explore the barred galaxy fraction and its dependence on stellar mass,color,and morphology,aiming to understand the evolution of these structural components through cosmic time.To this end,two complementary bar detection techniques were employed:elliptical isophote fitting and two-dimensional Fourier analysis,both applied to deep optical images.The observational samples were drawn from previously established and calibrated catalogs to ensure a homogeneous selection in stellar mass,enabling a robust comparison between local galaxies(z~0.027)and those in the distant Universe(z~0.7).This study systematically applies both isophotal fitting and Fourier decomposition across a wide redshift range,offering a comprehensive view of the evolution of bar incidence as a function of stellar mass and morphology.The results indicate that the fraction of barred galaxies is significantly higher in the local Universe than at earlier epochs,particularly among spiral galaxies.Furthermore,a clear correlation is observed between the presence of bars and stellar mass,especially in the high-mass regime(log(M_*/M☉)>10.5).In distant galaxies,this fraction is lower across all mass ranges,which may be related to more active dynamical processes.Overall,the findings reinforce the idea that stellar bars emerge as a consequence of dynamical cooling and the progressive stabilization of galactic disks,playing a key role in gas transport and the internal structural evolution of galaxies from z~1 to the present day.展开更多
Whey protein concentrate(WPC)via single or sequential enzymatic hydrolysis steps using either only Alcalase^(®)2.4 L(WPH-A)or Alcalase^(®)2.4 L followed by Flavourzyme^(®)500 L(WPH-AF)was investigated.D...Whey protein concentrate(WPC)via single or sequential enzymatic hydrolysis steps using either only Alcalase^(®)2.4 L(WPH-A)or Alcalase^(®)2.4 L followed by Flavourzyme^(®)500 L(WPH-AF)was investigated.Different bioactive properties of particular interest in the obtained hydrolysates were evaluated.Calcium-chelating capacity(Ca-CC)of the hydrolysates was optimized using response surface methodology to adjust the experimental conditions used for producing the calcium nano-compounds.Chelates with higher Ca-CC were obtained using the WPH-AF compared to WPH-A.Additionally,antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of both hydrolysates showed significant improvements when compared to WPC,and these capabilities remained stable after undergoing different heat treatments.Finally,both hydrolysates presented a cytoprotective effect in two cell lines,suggesting that these products may have positive effects against diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.The results obtained indicate that the WPHs produced herein could be used in the development of food formulations with potential health benefits.展开更多
An individual's mental health influences their capacity to think effectively,feel emotionally stable,and perform daily activities.As mental health concerns become more prevalent worldwide,new awareness and diagnos...An individual's mental health influences their capacity to think effectively,feel emotionally stable,and perform daily activities.As mental health concerns become more prevalent worldwide,new awareness and diagnostic and treatment tactics are needed.Digital tools and technology are helping solve these problems by providing scalable,tailored solutions for large populations.This detailed review examines mental health‐promoting internet tools.Smartphone applications,web‐based therapy systems,wearable tech,artificial intelligence‐powered resources,and virtual reality(VR)technologies were evaluated for efficacy and side effects.PubMed,PsycINFO,Scopus,IEEE Xplore,and Google Scholar were carefully searched.Search terms included“digital mental health tools,”“online therapy,”and“AI in mental health.”Randomized controlled trials,cohort studies,cross‐sectional studies,systematic reviews,and meta‐analyses of digital technology and mental health were included from among the literature published after 2010.Cognitive behavioral therapy methods,mood monitoring,and mindfulness exercises are among the numerous features of smartphone applications that have been demonstrated to mitigate symptoms of anxiety,depression,and tension.Online therapy platforms let marginalized individuals obtain therapy remotely.Wearable technology may detect heart rate,blood pressure,and sleep length,which may reveal mental health difficulties.Chatbots employ machine learning algorithms and natural language processing to deliver customized support and show promise for quick intervention.Exposure therapy for anxiety and trauma is increasingly using virtual reality environments.Although digital mental health therapies face challenges in relation to data privacy,limited long‐term efficacy,and technological inequality,digital technologies are modernizing mental healthcare.By offering inexpensive and effective alternatives to traditional therapies,digital technologies may help healthcare systems meet the growing demand for mental health services and overall well‐being.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),Huntington’s disease(HD),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are characterized by progressive neuronal loss,which is closely ...Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),Huntington’s disease(HD),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are characterized by progressive neuronal loss,which is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.These pathologies involve a complex interplay of genetics,protein misfolding,and cellular stress,culminating in impaired energy metabolism,an increase in reactive oxygen species(ROS),and defective mitochondrial quality control.The accumulation of damaged mitochondria and dysregulation of pathways such as the Integrated Stress Response(ISR)are central to the pathogenesis of these conditions.This review explores the critical relationship between mitochondrial stress and neurodegeneration,highlighting the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers involved.It delves into the multifaceted role of melatonin as a potent neuroprotective agent.Melatonin,a lipophilic indoleamine,is produced both in the pineal gland and locally within mitochondria,where it exerts powerful antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic effects.Its unique ability to neutralize multiple free radicals and its cascade-based antioxidant action make it superior to conventional antioxidants.Its mechanisms of action are discussed,including signaling pathway modulation and enhancement of the brain’s clearance system(the glymphatic system).Despite its potential,melatonin’s low bioavailability and rapid metabolism limit its therapeutic efficacy.In this context,nanopharmacology emerges as a promising strategy.Nanoparticles such as liposomes,polymers,and solid lipids can encapsulate melatonin and protect it from degradation,facilitating its transport across the blood-brain barrier.Preclinical evidence has shown that melatonin-loaded nanoparticles significantly improve cognitive function,reduce oxidative stress,and restore mitochondrial homeostasis in models of AD,PD,and ALS.In conclusion,the synergistic combination of melatonin and nanopharmacology offers a multimodal and highly targeted approach formitigatingmitochondrial dysfunction in NDs.While challenges remain in optimizing the formulation and safety of these nanocarriers,this combination represents a crucial frontier for developing more effective and specific treatments in the future.展开更多
The Trombe Wall(TW)is a low-cost,passive heating system known for its high thermal efficiency,particularly in cold and temperate climates.Recent research has explored its adaptability to warm-dry climates with high th...The Trombe Wall(TW)is a low-cost,passive heating system known for its high thermal efficiency,particularly in cold and temperate climates.Recent research has explored its adaptability to warm-dry climates with high thermal variability,such as those found in central Mexico.This study presents a dynamic simulation-based analysis of the TW’s thermal performance in a representative social housing unit located in Pachuca de Soto,Hidalgo.Two models were compared—one with a south-facing TW system and one without—to evaluate indoor thermal comfort throughout a full annual cycle.The simulations were conducted using OpenStudio and EnergyPlus,integrating detailed climate data and construction parameters.Results indicate significant improvements in interior temperature stability and comfort during winter,with temperature increases of up to 5.1℃ in living areas.The system’s implementation made it possible to attain a new level of average winter indoor temperature of 18.3℃ by using solar energy,up from 14.4℃ without mechanical heating.The introduction of the TW significantly reduces the interior thermal oscillation and enhances the habitability conditions during the winter,with an increase of 167%in the annual number of hours within the thermal comfort range of 18℃–24℃ vs.the base model.Currently,temperature fluctuations inside buildings due to climate change affect the health of users.The system presented in this study reduces these temperature fluctuations to improve quality of life.展开更多
基金supported by the SECIHTI project PDCPN-2015-266,México.
文摘Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.
文摘Background:Low-dose rate(LDR)prostate brachytherapy is a recommended treatment of localized prostate cancer in current guidelines.The study aimed to determine biochemical relapse-free survival(BRFS)in patients treated with dynamic real-time low-dose rate(LDR)brachytherapy using Iodine 125(I^(125)).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 499 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with I^(125) LDR realtime brachytherapy between 2003 and 2021.The mean patient age was 65 years(range:45–84 years).Based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)risk classification,230 patients(46.1%)were categorized as low risk,235(47.1%)as intermediate risk,and 34(6.8%)as high risk.Gleason scores were distributed as follows:3+3 in 283 cases(56.7%),3+4 in 157 cases(31.5%),4+3 in 46 cases(9.2%),and 4+4 in 13 cases(2.6%).The mean follow-up was 70.5 months.Results:Tumor relapse was observed in 47 patients(9.4%)over a mean follow-up period of 6.26 years(SD 4.16).Local recurrence within the prostate occurred in 20 cases(4%).Patients with nadir PSA<0.2 ng/mL at 5 years of follow-up had a significantly lower incidence of tumor recurrence(3%)compared to those with a nadir PSA>0.2 ng/mL(21.9%)(p=0.0001).Biochemical relapse-free(BRFS)rates at 5,10 and 15 years were 96%,91.5% and 88.9%,respectively.When stratified by NCCCN risk groups,5-year BRFS was 96% in low risk,98% in intermediate risk and 85% in high risk patients(p=0.003).Inmultivariate analysis,only age at the time of brachytherapy(p=0.009),initial PSA(p=0.007)and Gleason grade(p=0.007)were significantly associated with tumor recurrence.Cancer-specific survival and overall survival were 99.8% and 98.0%,respectively.Conclusions:LDR with I^(125) has excellent longterm oncological outcomes for patients with low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer,in particular,patients achieving a nadir PSA<0.2 ng/mL at 5 years post-treatment.
基金the research project LaTe4PoliticES(PID2022-138099OB-I00)funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Fund for Regional Development(ERDF)-a way to make Europe.Tomás Bernal-Beltrán is supported by University of Murcia through the predoctoral programme.
文摘The malicious dissemination of hate speech via compromised accounts,automated bot networks and malware-driven social media campaigns has become a growing cybersecurity concern.Automatically detecting such content in Spanish is challenging due to linguistic complexity and the scarcity of annotated resources.In this paper,we compare two predominant AI-based approaches for the forensic detection of malicious hate speech:(1)finetuning encoder-only models that have been trained in Spanish and(2)In-Context Learning techniques(Zero-and Few-Shot Learning)with large-scale language models.Our approach goes beyond binary classification,proposing a comprehensive,multidimensional evaluation that labels each text by:(1)type of speech,(2)recipient,(3)level of intensity(ordinal)and(4)targeted group(multi-label).Performance is evaluated using an annotated Spanish corpus,standard metrics such as precision,recall and F1-score and stability-oriented metrics to evaluate the stability of the transition from zero-shot to few-shot prompting(Zero-to-Few Shot Retention and Zero-to-Few Shot Gain)are applied.The results indicate that fine-tuned encoder-only models(notably MarIA and BETO variants)consistently deliver the strongest and most reliable performance:in our experiments their macro F1-scores lie roughly in the range of approximately 46%–66%depending on the task.Zero-shot approaches are much less stable and typically yield substantially lower performance(observed F1-scores range approximately 0%–39%),often producing invalid outputs in practice.Few-shot prompting(e.g.,Qwen 38B,Mistral 7B)generally improves stability and recall relative to pure zero-shot,bringing F1-scores into a moderate range of approximately 20%–51%but still falling short of fully fine-tuned models.These findings highlight the importance of supervised adaptation and discuss the potential of both paradigms as components in AI-powered cybersecurity and malware forensics systems designed to identify and mitigate coordinated online hate campaigns.
文摘Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.graveolens being the most widely distributed and economically important.Despite its relevance,few domesticated or semi-domesticated cultivars exist,and wild populations remain the main source of raw material,raising concerns regarding sustainability and quality standardization.The essential oil and oleoresins of L.graveolens possess recognized bioactivity,including antioxidant,antifungal,antibacterial,and anti-inflammatory properties,largely attributed to phenolic compounds such as thymol and carvacrol.Given the increasing global demand for natural bioactives and functional foods,optimizing cultivation practices is essential to enhance both the yield and phytochemical quality of this species.This study evaluated the effect of organic fertilization(0,5,10,and 15 t ha^(−1)of vermicompost)on the phenolic profile,flavonoid content,and antioxidant capacity of oregano oleoresin obtained from a semi-domesticated population across three harvests.The highest phenolic concentration(≈500 mg GAE g^(−1)extract)and greatest antioxidant activity(ABTS>3.5×10^(5)μmol TE g^(−1)extract)were observed at the 5 t ha^(−1)dose during the second harvest.Flavonoid content peaked in the third harvest(480-620 mg QE g^(−1)extract),whereas the unfertilized control exhibited the highest DPPH activity in the first harvest.Overall,the results indicate that vermicompost dosage and harvest timing substantially influence the functional quality of L.graveolens.Moderate organic fertilization,particularly 5 t ha^(−1),enhances the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites,underscoring its potential for sustainable production systems.
基金supported by ANID FONDECYT No.1221178Centro Ciencia&Vida,FB210008,Financiamiento Basal para Centros Científicos y Tecnológicos de Excelencia de ANID to CTR.
文摘Aging is a physiological and complex process produced by accumulative age-dependent cellular damage,which significantly impacts brain regions like the hippocampus,an essential region involved in memory and learning.A crucial factor contributing to this decline is the dysfunction of mitochondria,particularly those located at synapses.Synaptic mitochondria are specialized organelles that produce the energy required for synaptic transmission but are also important for calcium homeostasis at these sites.In contrast,non-synaptic mitochondria primarily involve cellular metabolism and long-term energy supply.Both pools of mitochondria differ in their form,proteome,functionality,and cellular role.The proper functioning of synaptic mitochondria depends on processes such as mitochondrial dynamics,transport,and quality control.However,synaptic mitochondria are particularly vulnerable to age-associated damage,characterized by oxidative stress,impaired energy production,and calcium dysregulation.These changes compromise synaptic transmission,reducing synaptic activity and cognitive decline during aging.In the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s,the decline of synaptic mitochondrial function is even more pronounced.These diseases are marked by pathological protein accumulation,disrupted mitochondrial dynamics,and heightened oxidative stress,accelerating synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss.Due to their specialized role and location,synaptic mitochondria are among the first organelles to exhibit dysfunction,underscoring their critical role in disease progression.This review delves into the main differences at structural and functional levels between synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria,emphasizing the vulnerability of synaptic mitochondria to the aging process and neurodegeneration.These approaches highlight the potential of targeting synaptic mitochondria to mitigate age-associated cognitive impairment and synaptic degeneration.This review emphasizes the distinct vulnerabilities of hippocampal synaptic mitochondria,highlighting their essential role in sustaining brain function throughout life and their promise as therapeutic targets for safeguarding the cognitive capacities of people of advanced age.
基金supported by Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/540/46.
文摘Over the years,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have revolutionized the medical imaging industry for applications such as image synthesis,denoising,super resolution,data augmentation,and cross-modality translation.The objective of this review is to evaluate the advances,relevances,and limitations of GANs in medical imaging.An organised literature review was conducted following the guidelines of PRISMA(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).The literature considered included peer-reviewed papers published between 2020 and 2025 across databases including PubMed,IEEE Xplore,and Scopus.The studies related to applications of GAN architectures in medical imaging with reported experimental outcomes and published in English in reputable journals and conferences were considered for the review.Thesis,white papers,communication letters,and non-English articles were not included for the same.CLAIM based quality assessment criteria were applied to the included studies to assess the quality.The study classifies diverse GAN architectures,summarizing their clinical applications,technical performances,and their implementation hardships.Key findings reveal the increasing applications of GANs for enhancing diagnostic accuracy,reducing data scarcity through synthetic data generation,and supporting modality translation.However,concerns such as limited generalizability,lack of clinical validation,and regulatory constraints persist.This review provides a comprehensive study of the prevailing scenario of GANs in medical imaging and highlights crucial research gaps and future directions.Though GANs hold transformative capability for medical imaging,their integration into clinical use demands further validation,interpretability,and regulatory alignment.
基金funded by the Sectoral Fund for Research in Agricultural,Livestock,Aquaculture,Agrobiotechnology,and Plant Genetic Resources(SADER-SECIHTI)Number 266891the Sectoral Fund for Research for Education(SEP-SECIHTI)Number 242718.
文摘Acetogenins are lipidic polyketides with antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic,and antitumor properties,mainly found in the roots,stems,bark,leaves,and fruits(particularly the seeds)of Annonaceae species.Previous studies have identified acetogenins in the peel and pulp of soursop(Annona muricata L.)fruits.In this research,acetogenins present in starch and pectin extracted from these fruits were analyzed and identified,given their potential importance in the pharmaceutical and possibly in the food industries.The objective was to identify and quantify acetogenins in starch and pectin of soursop fruits.Extraction of both polysaccharides was performed using conventional and ultrasound-assisted methods,obtaining two types of pastes(white and brown).These were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR).Methanolic extracts from the pastes were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and open-column fractionation.Acetogenins were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The compounds identified were pseudoannonacin and anonacin.In pectin,the concentration(μg g^(−1)of dry basis P/A)of pseudoannonacin was 340.06(conventional)and 452.80(ultrasound-assisted),while for anonacin it was 302.29(conventional)and 397.23(ultrasound-assisted).In starch,the concentration(μg g^(−1)of dry basis P/A)of pseudoannonacin was 20.72(conventional)and 21.60(ultrasound-assisted),whereas anonacin showed concentrations of 1.63(conventional)and 3.12(ultrasound-assisted).These results confirm the presence of anonacin and pseudoannonacin in both starch and pectin of soursop fruits,with pseudoannonacin being the most abundant acetogenin detected.
文摘The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that can be transformed into porous carbon.We prepared an ac-tivated carbon by microwave pyrolysis combined with KOH activator using the CTLS as starting materials.The carbon had a specific surface area of 556 m^(2)g^(-1) and a honeycomb-like structure.Two kinds of N-doped activated carbons were then synthesized by thermal decomposition of the activated carbon,either combined with urea,or impregnated with eth-anolamine.Both N-doped activated carbons have an in-creased number of nitrogen and amine surface groups.However,only the urea treatment was effective in improv-ing the initial capacity of the cell(1363 mAh g^(-1)),which is probably linked to the sorption of long-chain polysulfides.This investigation confirms that it is possible to use the thermal de-composition of urea to obtain carbon materials from CTLS for use as the sulfur-host cathode in Li-S batteries and improve their performance.A radial basis function neural network was fitted to provide statistical support for the experimental results,which confirmed the importance of the nitrogen content of the carbons in determining the discharge capacity of the cells.
文摘The biochemical response of Coffea arabica var.Borbon to chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides(COS)was evaluated in one-year-old plants under greenhouse conditions.COS solutions were synthesized through chemical and physical hydrolysis using acetic acid,hydrogen peroxide,and microwave irradiation.The obtained COS had an average molecular weight(Mw)of 3549.90±0.33 Daltons(Da),a deacetylation degree(DD)of 76.64±1.12%,and a polymerization degree(PD)of 18.91±0.0018.Solutions of chitosan and COS were applied to C.arabica var.Borbon at concentrations of 0.25,0.5,and 1 wt%.The experimental design was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replications.The biochemical responses assessed included soluble protein content,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),chitinase,β-1,3-glucanase,peroxidase,catalase,and chlorophyll fluorescence.The application of COS demonstrated significant differences(α=0.05)in protein concentration,with the activity ofβ-1,3-glucanase,chitinase,and catalase being 1.5,7.5,and 3.9 times higher,respectively,while showing similar behavior to chitosan in PAL activity,both up to 4.4 times higher than the distilled water control and lower than chitosan in peroxidase activity.Treatments with chitosan yielded a higher photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II(PSII).The application of COS suggests a viable foliar alternative to active plant defense mechanisms without the risk of phytotoxicity.
文摘A significant portion of losses in the fruit and vegetable sector are caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea,due to its high prevalence in over 1000 crop species.Identifying a technology capable of exclusively inhibiting its growth and development remains challenging;therefore,various treatments have been proposed to act synergistically in preventing the spread of this pathogen.The objective of this study was to evaluate an ultrasound-assisted treatment combined with chitosan to control the development of B.cinerea.In vitro analyses showed that combining temperature,ultrasound,and chitosan inhibited the fungal radial growth by 80%,reduced sporulation,and decreased germination.Electrolyte leak analysis indicated damage to the B.cinerea cell wall,causing intracellular material to escape into the environment.Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images also revealed severe structural damage,including loss of the cytoplasmic membrane and cell lysis.
文摘Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domesticated variety. The Capsicum genus is known for its sensitivity to water stress. We pretreated the seedlings’ roots by immersing them in proline solutions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) for 48 h. Then, we exposed them to water stress using a Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) for nine days. We analyzed key physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, cell membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, and proline content. The results indicated that proline concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM significantly increased tolerance to water stress, with 100% survival. These seedlings maintained greater hydration and cell membrane stability compared to non-pretreated seedlings. In contrast, at the highest concentrations (7.5 and 10 mM Pro), survival was 63.63% and 54.54%, respectively. This study demonstrated that exogenous proline enhances water stress tolerance in Capsicum frutescens seedlings by mitigating the negative impact on physiological and biochemical processes vital for survival. This theoretical foundation can be applied to improve chili seedling performance in controlled production environments.
基金Supported by Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación,el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación,No.PICT 2020 Serie A 4000.
文摘Hypertension disrupts cerebral blood flow,leading to endothelial dysfunction,breakdown of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),and inflammatory cell infiltration.This cascade triggers glial cell activation,increases oxidative stress,and causes pro-inflammatory cytokine release,creating a neurotoxic environment.In this context,we explore the intricate connection between hypertension,neuroinflammation,and neurodegeneration,as well as how hypertension interacts with other metabolic disorders,such as obesity and diabetes,to further worsen neuroinflammation.Additionally,we discuss the role of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system,the impact of the microbiome,and the potential contribution of chronic infections in exacerbating neuroinflammation.It is essential to emphasize the potential of nanotechnology to transform therapeutic approaches.Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can enhance the bioavailability and selectivity of antihypertensive drugs,antioxidants,and neuroprotective compounds,enabling targeted delivery across the BBB.By combining effective blood pressure management with nanotechnology-enabled therapies that modulate inflammation,oxidative stress,and protein aggregation,we can explore new avenues for preventing and treating hypertension and metabolic disorder-associated neurodegenerative conditions.Ultimately,hypertension significantly contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by promoting neuronal cell death,primarily through impaired cerebral blood flow and disruption of the BBB.The interaction of hypertension with metabolic disorders exacerbates these effects.However,advancements in our understanding and new technologies reveal promising nanopharmacological approaches for targeted drug delivery to the brain,thereby improving treatment outcomes,enhancing adherence,and reducing side effects.
基金financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001financial resources from the Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino,Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul—FUNDECT(Termo de Outorga:133/2023/SIAFEM:33108).
文摘Corn(Zea mays L.)is a very sensitive crop to phosphorus(P)deficiency during the early development phase,which may be a limiting factor for the sustainable production of this crop in P-deficient tropical soils.However,scientific evidence indicates that inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can improve the development,uptake,and P-use efficiency of corn plants.In the present study,two contrasting corn hybrids were investigated for their responsiveness to multiple inoculations of Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.velezencis,and Pseudomonas fluorescens and application of phosphate fertilizer rates in the sandy soil of the Brazilian Cerrado.Plants from stable(DKB 360 PRO3)and responsive(DKB 255 PRO3)corn hybrids were inoculated with 0 and 2 mL of inoculant containing multiple phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fertilized with low(0 mg P·kg^(-1)),medium(40 mg P·kg^(-1))and high(80 mg P·kg^(-1))levels of phosphate fertilizer using triple superphosphate(46% of P_(2)O_(5)).Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design using 2×2×3 factorial scheme,with four replicates.Plants were grown in 8-L pots for 70 days under greenhouse conditions.Morphological characteristics,leaf P concentration,and P use efficiency of corn plants were evaluated.Our results showed that the multiple inoculations of Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,B.velezencis,and Pseudomonas fluorescens are a promising sustainable agricultural practice to be recommended for corn cultivation,especially because it improves the development and P use efficiency of plants fertilized with medium P levels,which reduces the costs associated with mineral phosphate fertilization,a non-renewable fertilizer source.In sandy tropical soilwith low P availability,applying intermediate rates of highly soluble phosphate fertilizer,such as triple superphosphate,is sufficient to maximize plant development and the nutritional status of corn crops for sustainable production with low environmental impact.
基金partially funded by the Programa Nacional de Becas y Crédito Educativo of Peru and the Universitat de València,Spain.
文摘Self-Explaining Autonomous Systems(SEAS)have emerged as a strategic frontier within Artificial Intelligence(AI),responding to growing demands for transparency and interpretability in autonomous decisionmaking.This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of SEAS research published between 2020 and February 2025,drawing upon 1380 documents indexed in Scopus.The analysis applies co-citation mapping,keyword co-occurrence,and author collaboration networks using VOSviewer,MASHA,and Python to examine scientific production,intellectual structure,and global collaboration patterns.The results indicate a sustained annual growth rate of 41.38%,with an h-index of 57 and an average of 21.97 citations per document.A normalized citation rate was computed to address temporal bias,enabling balanced evaluation across publication cohorts.Thematic analysis reveals four consolidated research fronts:interpretability in machine learning,explainability in deep neural networks,transparency in generative models,and optimization strategies in autonomous control.Author co-citation analysis identifies four distinct research communities,and keyword evolution shows growing interdisciplinary links with medicine,cybersecurity,and industrial automation.The United States leads in scientific output and citation impact at the geographical level,while countries like India and China show high productivity with varied influence.However,international collaboration remains limited at 7.39%,reflecting a fragmented research landscape.As discussed in this study,SEAS research is expanding rapidly yet remains epistemologically dispersed,with uneven integration of ethical and human-centered perspectives.This work offers a structured and data-driven perspective on SEAS development,highlights key contributors and thematic trends,and outlines critical directions for advancing responsible and transparent autonomous systems.
基金supported by resources of the Secretary of Environment of the Medellín district,through the agreement N°001-2023 between this entity,the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of National University of Colombia at Medellín
文摘The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and the need to recover, maintain and enhance the ecosystem services they provide. However, we lack understanding of aboveground biomass (AGB) accumulation in restored Andean montane forests. AGB is a key indicator of ecosystem productivity and provides essential data on vegetation carbon stocks, permitting the assess successfulness of restoration efforts. In 2010 the initiative Más Bosques para Medellín was formulated in Medellín City, tropical Andes, Colombia, aiming to restore the forests located in the surrounding rural areas of the city, with interest in preserving the ecosystems services like water supply. The project established 548 ha of mixed plantations with native species. After 13 years, our study aims to developed in situ allometric equations and to evaluate AGB accumulation to assess restoration performance. We measured, harvested, and weighted 144 individuals from these arrangements to fit a general equation for the project and six specific equations for each one of the six most frequent species. The AGB had a positive correlation with diameter at breast height (D), total height (H) and specific wood density (WD). The best general equation uses D and WD as predictors (R^(2) = 0.928). The specific species equations certainly responded to the functional traits of each species. Using the latest inventory of permanent plots of the project we estimated a mean AGB accumulation of 41.91 ± 30.34 Mg ha^(–1) and a total accumulation of 22,996.05 Mg of AGB for the 548 ha. We compared these results with studies developed for natural forest in the region and other land covers. We found contrast behaviors in the AGB accumulation across our study zones. The developed equations have broad applicability across the Andes region, offering valuable insights for similar restoration initiatives. Furthermore, will facilitate the assessment of current restoration efforts and inform scientifically based decisions for future mixed plantation practices.
基金financial support from the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia,Tecnologia e Innovacion(SENACYT),through the Departamento de Fortalecimiento a los Posgrados Nacionalesthe coordination of the program"MOVILIDAD DE INVESTIGACION."+3 种基金the financial support provided by PAPIIT projects IN108323 and IN111825 from DGAPA-UNAMsupport from the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo(ANID)through Basal project FB210003FONDECYT Regular projects 1241426 and 123044Millennium Science Initiative Program NCN2024_112。
文摘Through the analysis of representative samples of field galaxies,both local(z~0.027)and distant(z~0.7),we explore the barred galaxy fraction and its dependence on stellar mass,color,and morphology,aiming to understand the evolution of these structural components through cosmic time.To this end,two complementary bar detection techniques were employed:elliptical isophote fitting and two-dimensional Fourier analysis,both applied to deep optical images.The observational samples were drawn from previously established and calibrated catalogs to ensure a homogeneous selection in stellar mass,enabling a robust comparison between local galaxies(z~0.027)and those in the distant Universe(z~0.7).This study systematically applies both isophotal fitting and Fourier decomposition across a wide redshift range,offering a comprehensive view of the evolution of bar incidence as a function of stellar mass and morphology.The results indicate that the fraction of barred galaxies is significantly higher in the local Universe than at earlier epochs,particularly among spiral galaxies.Furthermore,a clear correlation is observed between the presence of bars and stellar mass,especially in the high-mass regime(log(M_*/M☉)>10.5).In distant galaxies,this fraction is lower across all mass ranges,which may be related to more active dynamical processes.Overall,the findings reinforce the idea that stellar bars emerge as a consequence of dynamical cooling and the progressive stabilization of galactic disks,playing a key role in gas transport and the internal structural evolution of galaxies from z~1 to the present day.
基金the financial support of Universidad Nacional del Litoral(project CAI+D:50620190100043 LI)(Santa Fe,Argentina)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(project CONICET:11220200100592CO)(Argentina).
文摘Whey protein concentrate(WPC)via single or sequential enzymatic hydrolysis steps using either only Alcalase^(®)2.4 L(WPH-A)or Alcalase^(®)2.4 L followed by Flavourzyme^(®)500 L(WPH-AF)was investigated.Different bioactive properties of particular interest in the obtained hydrolysates were evaluated.Calcium-chelating capacity(Ca-CC)of the hydrolysates was optimized using response surface methodology to adjust the experimental conditions used for producing the calcium nano-compounds.Chelates with higher Ca-CC were obtained using the WPH-AF compared to WPH-A.Additionally,antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of both hydrolysates showed significant improvements when compared to WPC,and these capabilities remained stable after undergoing different heat treatments.Finally,both hydrolysates presented a cytoprotective effect in two cell lines,suggesting that these products may have positive effects against diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.The results obtained indicate that the WPHs produced herein could be used in the development of food formulations with potential health benefits.
文摘An individual's mental health influences their capacity to think effectively,feel emotionally stable,and perform daily activities.As mental health concerns become more prevalent worldwide,new awareness and diagnostic and treatment tactics are needed.Digital tools and technology are helping solve these problems by providing scalable,tailored solutions for large populations.This detailed review examines mental health‐promoting internet tools.Smartphone applications,web‐based therapy systems,wearable tech,artificial intelligence‐powered resources,and virtual reality(VR)technologies were evaluated for efficacy and side effects.PubMed,PsycINFO,Scopus,IEEE Xplore,and Google Scholar were carefully searched.Search terms included“digital mental health tools,”“online therapy,”and“AI in mental health.”Randomized controlled trials,cohort studies,cross‐sectional studies,systematic reviews,and meta‐analyses of digital technology and mental health were included from among the literature published after 2010.Cognitive behavioral therapy methods,mood monitoring,and mindfulness exercises are among the numerous features of smartphone applications that have been demonstrated to mitigate symptoms of anxiety,depression,and tension.Online therapy platforms let marginalized individuals obtain therapy remotely.Wearable technology may detect heart rate,blood pressure,and sleep length,which may reveal mental health difficulties.Chatbots employ machine learning algorithms and natural language processing to deliver customized support and show promise for quick intervention.Exposure therapy for anxiety and trauma is increasingly using virtual reality environments.Although digital mental health therapies face challenges in relation to data privacy,limited long‐term efficacy,and technological inequality,digital technologies are modernizing mental healthcare.By offering inexpensive and effective alternatives to traditional therapies,digital technologies may help healthcare systems meet the growing demand for mental health services and overall well‐being.
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),Huntington’s disease(HD),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are characterized by progressive neuronal loss,which is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.These pathologies involve a complex interplay of genetics,protein misfolding,and cellular stress,culminating in impaired energy metabolism,an increase in reactive oxygen species(ROS),and defective mitochondrial quality control.The accumulation of damaged mitochondria and dysregulation of pathways such as the Integrated Stress Response(ISR)are central to the pathogenesis of these conditions.This review explores the critical relationship between mitochondrial stress and neurodegeneration,highlighting the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers involved.It delves into the multifaceted role of melatonin as a potent neuroprotective agent.Melatonin,a lipophilic indoleamine,is produced both in the pineal gland and locally within mitochondria,where it exerts powerful antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic effects.Its unique ability to neutralize multiple free radicals and its cascade-based antioxidant action make it superior to conventional antioxidants.Its mechanisms of action are discussed,including signaling pathway modulation and enhancement of the brain’s clearance system(the glymphatic system).Despite its potential,melatonin’s low bioavailability and rapid metabolism limit its therapeutic efficacy.In this context,nanopharmacology emerges as a promising strategy.Nanoparticles such as liposomes,polymers,and solid lipids can encapsulate melatonin and protect it from degradation,facilitating its transport across the blood-brain barrier.Preclinical evidence has shown that melatonin-loaded nanoparticles significantly improve cognitive function,reduce oxidative stress,and restore mitochondrial homeostasis in models of AD,PD,and ALS.In conclusion,the synergistic combination of melatonin and nanopharmacology offers a multimodal and highly targeted approach formitigatingmitochondrial dysfunction in NDs.While challenges remain in optimizing the formulation and safety of these nanocarriers,this combination represents a crucial frontier for developing more effective and specific treatments in the future.
文摘The Trombe Wall(TW)is a low-cost,passive heating system known for its high thermal efficiency,particularly in cold and temperate climates.Recent research has explored its adaptability to warm-dry climates with high thermal variability,such as those found in central Mexico.This study presents a dynamic simulation-based analysis of the TW’s thermal performance in a representative social housing unit located in Pachuca de Soto,Hidalgo.Two models were compared—one with a south-facing TW system and one without—to evaluate indoor thermal comfort throughout a full annual cycle.The simulations were conducted using OpenStudio and EnergyPlus,integrating detailed climate data and construction parameters.Results indicate significant improvements in interior temperature stability and comfort during winter,with temperature increases of up to 5.1℃ in living areas.The system’s implementation made it possible to attain a new level of average winter indoor temperature of 18.3℃ by using solar energy,up from 14.4℃ without mechanical heating.The introduction of the TW significantly reduces the interior thermal oscillation and enhances the habitability conditions during the winter,with an increase of 167%in the annual number of hours within the thermal comfort range of 18℃–24℃ vs.the base model.Currently,temperature fluctuations inside buildings due to climate change affect the health of users.The system presented in this study reduces these temperature fluctuations to improve quality of life.
