Through the survey on agricultural technology extension system in Hanjiang District of Yangzhou City,this paper analyzed possible problems in the agricultural technology extension system.Combining with newly revised A...Through the survey on agricultural technology extension system in Hanjiang District of Yangzhou City,this paper analyzed possible problems in the agricultural technology extension system.Combining with newly revised Agricultural Technology Extension Law and modern agricultural extension theory,it discussed the new development direction.Finally,it came up with approaches and measures for establishing the agricultural technology extension system in Hanjiang District.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish an integrated agro-aquaculture ecological farming model by combining in-pond cage fish farming,water circulation systems,and rice cultivation on bio-floating beds,and compared it with traditio...[Objectives]To establish an integrated agro-aquaculture ecological farming model by combining in-pond cage fish farming,water circulation systems,and rice cultivation on bio-floating beds,and compared it with traditional pond farming.[Methods]The research was carried out in 3 test ponds and 3 control ponds.A 6 m×9 m×2.5 m cage was set every 667 m 2 in the test pond,and water circulator and microporous oxygenation equipment were installed.Ecological floating beds were set on both sides of the pond.Common aeration equipment was used for control ponds.The same number and size of crucian carp,and the same number,proportion and size of silver carp and bighead carp were raised in both the test and control groups.Total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total phosphorus and phosphate content was determined every 15 d,and growth indicators and feed conversion ratios of fish were measured at the end of the experiment.[Conclusions]The content of total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total phosphorus and phosphate in the experimental group decreased by 50.69%,69.12%,62.62%and 54.20%,respectively,compared with the control group.Compared with the control group,the harvest size,survival rate and yield per unit area of crucian carp in the experimental group increased by 5.25%,7.58%and 13.28%,respectively,and the feed conversion ratio decreased by 4.72%.[Results]The integrated agro-aquaculture model demonstrated significant advantages in mitigating eutrophication,improving yield,and enhancing feed efficiency.展开更多
Based on the current problems in carrot production,Laixi City of Shandong Province adopted 5 m large arch shed double-layer plastic film to cultivate " Three Red" carrot,selected varieties suitable for expor...Based on the current problems in carrot production,Laixi City of Shandong Province adopted 5 m large arch shed double-layer plastic film to cultivate " Three Red" carrot,selected varieties suitable for export,ridging double-row mechanical drilling,integrated water and fertilizer management,carrot residue composting and returning to field,and finally realized safe and high efficient production of facility carrot industrialization.展开更多
By analyzing the gap between China and foreign countries in fine wool production, combined with the practical experience of fine woolproduction, the application effects of sheep clothing full coverage technology, mech...By analyzing the gap between China and foreign countries in fine wool production, combined with the practical experience of fine woolproduction, the application effects of sheep clothing full coverage technology, mechanical shearing technology, wool grading and collection technology, scale packaging technology and standardized shearing environment control technique were evaluated, in order to provide reference for popularization and application of fine wool production.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and propagation technology in Tagetes patu/a L. [ Method] By using tissue culture tech- nology, different mass fractions of 6-BA and NAA were added to MS...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and propagation technology in Tagetes patu/a L. [ Method] By using tissue culture tech- nology, different mass fractions of 6-BA and NAA were added to MS medium to compare the effect of different culture medium on the rapid propagation of T. patu/a L. [Result] Shoot tips or stem segments of T. patu/a L. were used as explants for tissue culture with an appropriate sterilization time of 8 min; differentiation effect of shoot tips was better than that of stem segments; callus generation rate was high with the high content of growth regulators; MS medium containing O. 1 mg/L NAA and 1.5 rag/L 6-BA was used for subculture proliferation with a subculture period of 4 weeks; rooting rate of plantlet was the maximum （97%） in 1/2MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA, and the root system was relatively developed. [ Conclusion] This study provided technical support for the industrialized seedling breeding of T. patula L.展开更多
With the development of the times, both agricultural machinery and agricultural machinery technology have developed rapidly. Agricultural machinery management and the promotion of new technologies can provide impetus ...With the development of the times, both agricultural machinery and agricultural machinery technology have developed rapidly. Agricultural machinery management and the promotion of new technologies can provide impetus for the development of agriculture. However, in the actual process of management and application of technology, there are still deficiencies. Yunnan Province has a large number of agricultural workers. In order to promote the development of local agricultural mechanization, it is necessary to actively promote the management of agricultural machinery and the promotion and application of new technologies in combination with local conditions. Therefore, this paper analyzes and discusses the management of agricultural machinery and the popularization and application of new agricultural machinery technologies in Yunnan.展开更多
[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regiona...[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C.violaceum strain CMS1,which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,as the experimental material.In contrast,C.violaceum CMS2,derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,along with a mixed population of C.violaceum cultispecies from the same region,served as the control material.Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods,agronomic traits,yield,and quality,a novel cultivar,‘Chengming No.1’,was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation.[Results]In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study,the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others.Furthermore,the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88,448.52,and 422.15 kg/667 m 2,respectively.This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07%for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25%for CMS2 compared to CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69,467.54,and 436.82 kg/667 m 2,respectively.CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50%compared to CK,while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03%relative to CK.Furthermore,the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m 2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study.In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020,the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%,an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%,a moisture content of 10.80%,and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%.All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials(2010 Edition).[Conclusions]The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C.violaceum in 2021.This cultivar is characterized by high yield,excellent quality,and stable traits.In 2022,it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named‘Chengming No.1’(CRY 2022002).This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pe...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pepper and pepper field soil as the research subjects,four treatments were set up,namely,conventional fertilization(T_(1)),conventional fertilization+biochar(T_(2)),biochar-based fertilizer 1(T_(3)),and biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4)).[Results]The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased green pepper yield by 9.37%-51.12%,with the order of increase being T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1).In terms of soil nutrients,biochar-based fertilizer raised soil pH by 6.67%-53.33%,with the order of increase being T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(2)>T_(1).The initially strongly acidic soil gradually shifted to weakly acidic and approached neutral,indicating significantly improved soil acidity.The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available copper,available zinc,available iron,and available manganese.It significantly enhanced green pepper yield,improved soil acidity,and elevated soil nutrient levels.Considering yield,nutrient uptake,and soil nutrient content,biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4))was identified as the optimal treatment.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for improving green pepper yield and soil amendment.展开更多
The frequent outbreaks of crop diseases pose a serious threat to global agricultural production and food security.Data-driven forecasting models have emerged as an effective approach to support early warning and manag...The frequent outbreaks of crop diseases pose a serious threat to global agricultural production and food security.Data-driven forecasting models have emerged as an effective approach to support early warning and management,yet the lack of user-friendly tools for model development remains a major bottleneck.This study presents the Multi-Scenario Crop Disease Forecasting Modeling System(MSDFS),an open-source platform that enables end-to-end model construction-from multi-source data ingestion and feature engineering to training,evaluation,and deployment-across four representative scenarios:static point-based,static grid-based,dynamic point-based,and dynamic grid-based.Unlike conventional frameworks,MSDFS emphasizes modeling flexibility,allowing users to build,compare,and interpret diverse forecasting approaches within a unified workflow.A notable feature of the system is the integration of a weather scenario generator,which facilitates comprehensive testing of model performance and adaptability under extreme climatic conditions.Case studies corresponding to the four scenarios were used to validate the system,with overall accuracy(OA)ranging from 73%to 93%.By lowering technical barriers,the system is designed to serve plant protection managers and agricultural producers without advanced programming expertise,providing a practical modeling tool that supports the construction of smart plant protection systems.展开更多
Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of ...Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of paramount importance for sustainable agricultural.In this study,the ability of four distinct green manure species to suppress weeds was determined in a field experiment conducted in Chongqing,Southwest China.After cultivating the green manure species,the weed density and diversity were monitored over the following year.The findings highlight a notable trend in the suppressive ability of green manures,with increased suppression observed from November to March,an optimal level observed from March to May,and a gradual decline observed thereafter.Poaceae(Lolium perenne L.)demonstrated the highest efficacy in suppressing weeds.The meta-analysis underscore the exceptional suppressive effects of poaceous green manures on weed as well and prove sustained planting for three or more consecutive years yielded superior weed suppression outcomes.Green manure had the most prominent inhibitory effect on poaceae weeds,followed by Polygonaceae and Caryophyllaceae.The field experiment also investigated the effect of green manures on weed community composition,they increased in the proportion of perennial weeds within these communities.This study offers valuable insights that can guide policymakers,agricultural experts,and farmers in devising effective weed management strategies.By highlighting the potential benefits of green manures and unraveling their nuanced impact,this study contributes to the arsenal of sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Waterlogging stress significantly impairs plant growth and reduces crop yields.Spermidine(Spd),functioning as a second messenger,demonstrates positive effects on plant growth under waterlogging stress conditions.Howev...Waterlogging stress significantly impairs plant growth and reduces crop yields.Spermidine(Spd),functioning as a second messenger,demonstrates positive effects on plant growth under waterlogging stress conditions.However,the molecular mechanisms by which exogenous Spd application alleviates waterlogging stress remain unclear.This study employed physiological analysis and multi-omics approaches to investigate the effect of Spd application on waterlogging stress.The application of Spd enhanced the expression of genes related to light-harvesting complex(LHC),photosynthesis,and starch-related pathways,while inhibiting chlorophyll degradation and maintaining higher photosynthetic rates,thereby increasing biomass accumulation under waterlogging stress.The activation of genes associated with trehalose and Spd biosynthesis resulted in elevated accumulation of trehalose and endogenous Spd.The inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)oxidase(ACO)expression contributed to reduced ethylene emission,enhancing maize resistance to waterlogging.Following Spd application,auxin-related genes were up-regulated and indole acetic acid(IAA)content increased,promoting cell elongation in maize and maintaining normal growth under waterlogging stress.Additionally,the upregulation of lipid-related genes led to increased lipid content,protecting cell membranes under waterlogging conditions.These molecular and physiological modifications collectively enhanced resistance to waterlogging stress.These findings advance our understanding of Spd's regulatory roles in mitigating waterlogging damage and provide valuable insights for breeding waterlogging-tolerant maize varieties.展开更多
Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Trnticum aestivum L.) can be increased by late sowing.However, whether grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) can be maintained with delayed sowing remains unknown. During the ...Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Trnticum aestivum L.) can be increased by late sowing.However, whether grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) can be maintained with delayed sowing remains unknown. During the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons, two winter wheat cultivars were sown on three dates(early sowing on October 1, normal so,wing on October8, and late sowing on October 15) to investigate the responses of lodging resistance, grain yield,and NUE to sowing date. No significant differences in lodging resistance, grain yield, or NUE between early and normal sowing were observed. Averaging over the two cultivars and years,postponing the sowing date significantly increased lodging resistance by 53.6% and 49.6%compared with that following early and normal sowing, respectively. Lodging resistance was improved mainly through a reduction in the culm height at the center of gravity and an increase in the tensile strength of the base internode. Late sowing resulted in similar grain yield as well as kernel weight and number of kernels per square meter, compared to early and normal sowing.Averaging over the two cultivars and years, delayed sowing resulted in a reduction in nitrogen uptake efficiency(UPE) by 11.0% and 9.9% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively,owing to reduced root length density and dry matter accumulation before anthesis. An average increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency(UTE) of 12.9% and 11.2% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively, was observed with late sowing owing to a reduction in the grain nitrogen concentration. The increase in UTE offset the reduction in UPE, resulting in equal NUEs among all sowing dates. Thus, sowing later than normal could increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and NUE.展开更多
Improving both grain yield and resource use efficiencies simultaneously is a major challenge in rice production.However,few studies have focused on integrating dense planting with delayed and reduced nitrogen applicat...Improving both grain yield and resource use efficiencies simultaneously is a major challenge in rice production.However,few studies have focused on integrating dense planting with delayed and reduced nitrogen application to enhance grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the double rice cropping system in South China.A high-yielding indica hybrid rice cultivar (Yliangyou 143) was grown in field experiments in Guangxi,South China,with three cultivation managements:farmers’practice (FP),dense planting with equal N input and delayed N application (DPEN) and dense planting with reduced N input and delayed N application (DPRN).The grain yields of DPRN reached 10.6 and 9.78 t ha^(–1) in the early and late cropping seasons,respectively,which were significantly higher than the corresponding yields of FP by 23.9–29.9%.The grain yields in DPEN and DPRN were comparable.NUE in DPRN reached 65.2–72.9 kg kg^(–1),which was 61.2–74.1% higher than that in FP and 24.6–30.2% higher than that in DPEN.RUE in DPRN achieved 1.60–1.80 g MJ^(–1),which was 28.6–37.9% higher than that in FP.The productive tiller percentage in DPRN was 7.9–36.2% higher than that in DPEN.Increases in crop growth rate,leaf area duration,N uptake from panicle initiation to heading and enhancement of the apparent transformation ratio of dry weight from stems and leaf sheaths to panicles all contributed to higher grain yield and higher resource use efficiencies in DPRN.Correlation analysis revealed that the agronomic and physiological traits mentioned above were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield.Comparison trials carried out in Guangdong in 2018 and 2019 also showed that DPRN performed better than DPEN.We conclude that DPRN is a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing grain yield,NUE and RUE in the double rice cropping system in South China.展开更多
To quantify the relationships between rice plant architecture parameters and the corresponding organ biomass, and to research on functional structural plant models of rice plant, this paper presented a biomass-based m...To quantify the relationships between rice plant architecture parameters and the corresponding organ biomass, and to research on functional structural plant models of rice plant, this paper presented a biomass-based model of aboveground architectural parameters of rice （Oryza sativa L.） in the young seedling stage, designed to explain effects of cultivars and environmental conditions on rice aboveground morphogenesis at the individual leaf level. Various model variables, including biomass of blade and blade length, were parameterized for rice based on data derived from an outdoor experiment with rice cv. Liangyou 108, 86You 8, Nanjing 43, and Yangdao 6. The organ dimensions of rice aboveground were modelled taking corresponding organ biomass as an independent variable. Various variables in rice showed marked consistency in observation and simulation, suggesting possibilities for a general rice architectural model in the young seedling stage. Our descriptive model was suitable for our objective. However, they can set the stage for connection to physiological model via biomass and development of functional structural rice models （FSRM）, and start with the localized production and partitioning of assimilates as affected by abiotic growth factors. The finding of biomass-based rice architectural parameter models also can be used in morphological models of blade, sheath, and tiller of the other stages in rice life.展开更多
The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane （HCH） and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-（p-chloro- phenyl） ethane （DDT） in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 1...The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane （HCH） and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-（p-chloro- phenyl） ethane （DDT） in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer （0-20 cm depth） of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs （including α-,β-, γ-, and δ-isomers） and total DDTs （including p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDD, p,p＇-DDE, and o,p＇-DDT） in the surface soils tested were in the range from nondetectable to 31.72 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 0.91, and from nondetectable to 5910.83 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 32.13, respectively. It was observed that concentrations of HCHs in all soil samples and concentrations of DDTs in 112 soil samples were much lower than the first grade （50 μg/kg） permitted in ＂Environment quality standard for soils in China （GB 15618-1995）＂. This suggests that the pollution due to organochlorine pesticides was generally not significant in the farmland soils in the Beijing alluvial region. In this study, the spatial distribution and trend of HCHs and DDTs were analyzed using Geostatistical Analyst and GS＋（513）. Spatial distribution indicated how these pesticides had been applied in the past. Trend analysis showed that the concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, and their related metabolites followed an obvious distribution trend in the surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing.展开更多
It is very important to provide reference basis for winter wheat quality regionalization of cultivation area. The aim of this article was based on factors affecting wheat quality and setting realistic spatial models i...It is very important to provide reference basis for winter wheat quality regionalization of cultivation area. The aim of this article was based on factors affecting wheat quality and setting realistic spatial models in each part of the land for assessment of land suitability potentials in Beijing, China. The study employed artificial neural network （ANN） analysis to select factors and evaluate the relative importance of selected environment factors on wheat grain quality. The spatial models were developed and demonstrated their use in selecting the most suitable areas for the winter wheat cultivation. The strategy overcomes the non-accurate traditional statistical methods. Satellite images, toposheet, and ancillary data of the study area were used to find tillable land. These categories were formed by integrating the various layers with corresponding weights in geographical information system （GIS）. An integrated land suitability potential （LSP） index was computed considering the contribution of various parameters of land suitability. The study demonstrated that the tillable land could be categorized into spatially distributed agriculture potential zones based on soil nutrient and assembled weather factors using RS and GIS as not suitable, marginally suitable, moderately suitable, suitable, and highly suitable by adopting the logical criteria. The sort of land distribution map made by the factors with their weights showed more truthfulness.展开更多
In China,the traditional early and late season double rice(DR)system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems:ratoon rice(RR)and rice-crawfish(RC).Three methodologies:econo...In China,the traditional early and late season double rice(DR)system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems:ratoon rice(RR)and rice-crawfish(RC).Three methodologies:economic analysis,emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment(LCA)were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change.Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR.The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7%compared with that of DR,respectively.RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water,electricity,juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input,such as irrigation water,electricity,fertilizers and pesticides than DR.The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7-50.4%when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6-112.9%.The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC,whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0-61.0%lower than that of DR.Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR,but RC had a much lower grain yield(a 53.6%reduction compared to DR).These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security,economic and environmental goals.展开更多
【Aim】The genetic differentiation research is an important link to understand the morphological diversity and adaptive evolution of honey bees.It is a prerequisite for the determination of the bioresource management ...【Aim】The genetic differentiation research is an important link to understand the morphological diversity and adaptive evolution of honey bees.It is a prerequisite for the determination of the bioresource management unit and the protection unit and helps to protect the genetic resources of honey bees.This study aims to study the genetic differentiation and genetic resource distribution of the Asian honey bee,Apis cerana across the geographical environment in China by analyzing morphological differentiation.【Methods】A total of6147 worker bees of A.cerana were collected from 102 sampling sites across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China.Sixty worker bees of each sampling site from 10-20 colonies were dissected and 33morphological characteristics associated with the wings,individual size,hind leg,and body color were measured.A multivariate morphometric analysis was conducted and clusters with their morphological traits and distribution patterns were identified.【Results】According to the cluster results of discriminant analysis and principal component analysis,A.cerana in China can be divided into 14 morphological clusters.Five clusters with smaller body size were identified.Hainan cluster had the smallest body size,followed by South Yunnan cluster,Taiwan region of China cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.These five clusters were significantly different in proboscis length,forewing length,the structure of the 3rd submarginal cell in the forewing,body color,and the length of the wax plate.Changbai cluster had the largest cubital index,wax plate size,and width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5.However,Bomi cluster of Tibet had the smallest width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5 in China.Northwest cluster had the longest hind legs.Five clusters in the West Sichuan Plateau were characterized by larger individuals and black body color.Batang cluster had the smallest cubital index(3.0169)and the largest individual size in China.The cubital index of the Aba cluster was inferior only to that of the Changbai cluster,and the wing lengths and the sizes of sternite 7 were the largest.Derong cluster was the darkest.Yajiang cluster was unique in wing vein angles(A4,N23,E9 and J10 were the smallest and B4 the largest).Chuandian cluster had the smallest body size on the Western Sichuan Plateau.【Conclusion】In this study,the morphometric analysis of A.cerana was conducted based on collection of samples across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China,especially those from Bomi of Tibet,Taiwan Province of China,and the Western Sichuan Plateau.Fourteen clusters of A.cerana were obtained in China,including Hainan cluster,southern Yunnan cluster,Changbai cluster,Taiwan region of China cluster,Bomi cluster,Aba cluster,Batang cluster,Derong cluster,Yajiang cluster,Chuandian cluster,Chuangui cluster,Northwest cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of genetic resources of A.cerana in China.展开更多
Background Intestinal health plays a pivotal role in broiler chicken growth.Oregano aqueous extract(OAE)effec-tively exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.However,the protective effects of OAE on intestin...Background Intestinal health plays a pivotal role in broiler chicken growth.Oregano aqueous extract(OAE)effec-tively exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.However,the protective effects of OAE on intestinal health in broilers and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of OAE on growth performance,the gut microbiota and intestinal health.A total of 8401-d-old male and female broilers(Arbor Acres)were randomly allocated into 6 groups as follows:basal diet(Con),Con+antibiotics(Anti,colistin sulfate 7 g/kg,roxarsone 35 g/kg),Con+400,500,600 and 700 mg/kg OAE(OAE400,OAE500,OAE600 and OAE700).Subse-quently,fermentation in vitro together with oral administration trials were carried out to further assess the function of OAE on intestinal health of broilers.Results Dietary 700 mg/kg OAE supplementation resulted in an increase(P<0.05)in body weight and a decrease(P<0.05)in feed conversion ratio when compared with the control during d 22 to 42 of the trial.OAE addition resulted in lower(P<0.05)jejunal crypt depth and mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10 at d 42.In addition,dietary OAE addition increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P=0.087)and Lactobacillus(P<0.05)in the cecum,and increased(P<0.05)the content of acetic acid and butyric acid.In the in vitro fermentation test,OAE significantly increased(P<0.05)the abundance of Lactobacillus,decreased(P<0.05)the abundance of unspecified_Enterobacteriaceae,and increased the content of acetic acid(P<0.05).In the oral administration trial,higher(P<0.05)IL-4 expression was found in broilers when oral inoculation with oregano fermentation microorganisms at d 42.And SIgA content in the ileum was significantly increased(P=0.073)when giving OAE fermentation supernatant.Conclusions Dietary OAE addition could maintain intestinal health and improve growth performance through enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function mediated by gut microbiota changes.展开更多
In this paper, the many indices used in validation of crop models, such as RMSE （root mean square errors）, Sd （standard error of absolute difference）, da （mean absolute difference）, dap （ratio of da to the mean...In this paper, the many indices used in validation of crop models, such as RMSE （root mean square errors）, Sd （standard error of absolute difference）, da （mean absolute difference）, dap （ratio of da to the mean observation）, r （correlation）, and R2 （determination coefficient）, are compared for the same rice architectural parameter model, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. A new index for validation of crop models, dap between the observed and the simulated values, is proposed, with dap〈5% as the suggested standard for precision of crop models. The different kinds of validation methods in crop models should be combined in the following aspects：（1） calculating da and dap; （2） calculating the RMSE or Sd; （3） calculating r and R2, at the same time, plotting 1：1 diagram.展开更多
基金Supported by Agricultural Technology Extension Project of Central Finance
文摘Through the survey on agricultural technology extension system in Hanjiang District of Yangzhou City,this paper analyzed possible problems in the agricultural technology extension system.Combining with newly revised Agricultural Technology Extension Law and modern agricultural extension theory,it discussed the new development direction.Finally,it came up with approaches and measures for establishing the agricultural technology extension system in Hanjiang District.
基金Supported by Jilin Provincial Key Research and Development Project(20230202070NC).
文摘[Objectives]To establish an integrated agro-aquaculture ecological farming model by combining in-pond cage fish farming,water circulation systems,and rice cultivation on bio-floating beds,and compared it with traditional pond farming.[Methods]The research was carried out in 3 test ponds and 3 control ponds.A 6 m×9 m×2.5 m cage was set every 667 m 2 in the test pond,and water circulator and microporous oxygenation equipment were installed.Ecological floating beds were set on both sides of the pond.Common aeration equipment was used for control ponds.The same number and size of crucian carp,and the same number,proportion and size of silver carp and bighead carp were raised in both the test and control groups.Total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total phosphorus and phosphate content was determined every 15 d,and growth indicators and feed conversion ratios of fish were measured at the end of the experiment.[Conclusions]The content of total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total phosphorus and phosphate in the experimental group decreased by 50.69%,69.12%,62.62%and 54.20%,respectively,compared with the control group.Compared with the control group,the harvest size,survival rate and yield per unit area of crucian carp in the experimental group increased by 5.25%,7.58%and 13.28%,respectively,and the feed conversion ratio decreased by 4.72%.[Results]The integrated agro-aquaculture model demonstrated significant advantages in mitigating eutrophication,improving yield,and enhancing feed efficiency.
文摘Based on the current problems in carrot production,Laixi City of Shandong Province adopted 5 m large arch shed double-layer plastic film to cultivate " Three Red" carrot,selected varieties suitable for export,ridging double-row mechanical drilling,integrated water and fertilizer management,carrot residue composting and returning to field,and finally realized safe and high efficient production of facility carrot industrialization.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project in Gansu Province(GNCX-2014-48)
文摘By analyzing the gap between China and foreign countries in fine wool production, combined with the practical experience of fine woolproduction, the application effects of sheep clothing full coverage technology, mechanical shearing technology, wool grading and collection technology, scale packaging technology and standardized shearing environment control technique were evaluated, in order to provide reference for popularization and application of fine wool production.
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and propagation technology in Tagetes patu/a L. [ Method] By using tissue culture tech- nology, different mass fractions of 6-BA and NAA were added to MS medium to compare the effect of different culture medium on the rapid propagation of T. patu/a L. [Result] Shoot tips or stem segments of T. patu/a L. were used as explants for tissue culture with an appropriate sterilization time of 8 min; differentiation effect of shoot tips was better than that of stem segments; callus generation rate was high with the high content of growth regulators; MS medium containing O. 1 mg/L NAA and 1.5 rag/L 6-BA was used for subculture proliferation with a subculture period of 4 weeks; rooting rate of plantlet was the maximum （97%） in 1/2MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA, and the root system was relatively developed. [ Conclusion] This study provided technical support for the industrialized seedling breeding of T. patula L.
文摘With the development of the times, both agricultural machinery and agricultural machinery technology have developed rapidly. Agricultural machinery management and the promotion of new technologies can provide impetus for the development of agriculture. However, in the actual process of management and application of technology, there are still deficiencies. Yunnan Province has a large number of agricultural workers. In order to promote the development of local agricultural mechanization, it is necessary to actively promote the management of agricultural machinery and the promotion and application of new technologies in combination with local conditions. Therefore, this paper analyzes and discusses the management of agricultural machinery and the popularization and application of new agricultural machinery technologies in Yunnan.
基金Supported by Sichuan Innovation Team Project of China Agricultural Industry Research System(SCCXTD-2023-19)Key R&D Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2022YFS0592)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Seedling Project(MZGC20230119,MZGC20230126).
文摘[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C.violaceum strain CMS1,which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,as the experimental material.In contrast,C.violaceum CMS2,derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,along with a mixed population of C.violaceum cultispecies from the same region,served as the control material.Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods,agronomic traits,yield,and quality,a novel cultivar,‘Chengming No.1’,was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation.[Results]In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study,the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others.Furthermore,the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88,448.52,and 422.15 kg/667 m 2,respectively.This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07%for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25%for CMS2 compared to CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69,467.54,and 436.82 kg/667 m 2,respectively.CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50%compared to CK,while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03%relative to CK.Furthermore,the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m 2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study.In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020,the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%,an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%,a moisture content of 10.80%,and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%.All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials(2010 Edition).[Conclusions]The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C.violaceum in 2021.This cultivar is characterized by high yield,excellent quality,and stable traits.In 2022,it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named‘Chengming No.1’(CRY 2022002).This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation.
基金Supported by General Project of Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration(Social People s Livelihood Category)(cstc2018jscx-msybX0215)Horizontal Project of Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station(WLHX-2021-0113).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pepper and pepper field soil as the research subjects,four treatments were set up,namely,conventional fertilization(T_(1)),conventional fertilization+biochar(T_(2)),biochar-based fertilizer 1(T_(3)),and biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4)).[Results]The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased green pepper yield by 9.37%-51.12%,with the order of increase being T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1).In terms of soil nutrients,biochar-based fertilizer raised soil pH by 6.67%-53.33%,with the order of increase being T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(2)>T_(1).The initially strongly acidic soil gradually shifted to weakly acidic and approached neutral,indicating significantly improved soil acidity.The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available copper,available zinc,available iron,and available manganese.It significantly enhanced green pepper yield,improved soil acidity,and elevated soil nutrient levels.Considering yield,nutrient uptake,and soil nutrient content,biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4))was identified as the optimal treatment.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for improving green pepper yield and soil amendment.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR25D010003)The Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023C02018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42401400).
文摘The frequent outbreaks of crop diseases pose a serious threat to global agricultural production and food security.Data-driven forecasting models have emerged as an effective approach to support early warning and management,yet the lack of user-friendly tools for model development remains a major bottleneck.This study presents the Multi-Scenario Crop Disease Forecasting Modeling System(MSDFS),an open-source platform that enables end-to-end model construction-from multi-source data ingestion and feature engineering to training,evaluation,and deployment-across four representative scenarios:static point-based,static grid-based,dynamic point-based,and dynamic grid-based.Unlike conventional frameworks,MSDFS emphasizes modeling flexibility,allowing users to build,compare,and interpret diverse forecasting approaches within a unified workflow.A notable feature of the system is the integration of a weather scenario generator,which facilitates comprehensive testing of model performance and adaptability under extreme climatic conditions.Case studies corresponding to the four scenarios were used to validate the system,with overall accuracy(OA)ranging from 73%to 93%.By lowering technical barriers,the system is designed to serve plant protection managers and agricultural producers without advanced programming expertise,providing a practical modeling tool that supports the construction of smart plant protection systems.
基金funding from the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22,Green Manure)the Natural Science Foundation Project from Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,China(4322300357)the Green Manure Cultivation Technology Project from Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station。
文摘Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of paramount importance for sustainable agricultural.In this study,the ability of four distinct green manure species to suppress weeds was determined in a field experiment conducted in Chongqing,Southwest China.After cultivating the green manure species,the weed density and diversity were monitored over the following year.The findings highlight a notable trend in the suppressive ability of green manures,with increased suppression observed from November to March,an optimal level observed from March to May,and a gradual decline observed thereafter.Poaceae(Lolium perenne L.)demonstrated the highest efficacy in suppressing weeds.The meta-analysis underscore the exceptional suppressive effects of poaceous green manures on weed as well and prove sustained planting for three or more consecutive years yielded superior weed suppression outcomes.Green manure had the most prominent inhibitory effect on poaceae weeds,followed by Polygonaceae and Caryophyllaceae.The field experiment also investigated the effect of green manures on weed community composition,they increased in the proportion of perennial weeds within these communities.This study offers valuable insights that can guide policymakers,agricultural experts,and farmers in devising effective weed management strategies.By highlighting the potential benefits of green manures and unraveling their nuanced impact,this study contributes to the arsenal of sustainable agricultural practices.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-20)the Henan Province Agro-ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station,China(30602535)。
文摘Waterlogging stress significantly impairs plant growth and reduces crop yields.Spermidine(Spd),functioning as a second messenger,demonstrates positive effects on plant growth under waterlogging stress conditions.However,the molecular mechanisms by which exogenous Spd application alleviates waterlogging stress remain unclear.This study employed physiological analysis and multi-omics approaches to investigate the effect of Spd application on waterlogging stress.The application of Spd enhanced the expression of genes related to light-harvesting complex(LHC),photosynthesis,and starch-related pathways,while inhibiting chlorophyll degradation and maintaining higher photosynthetic rates,thereby increasing biomass accumulation under waterlogging stress.The activation of genes associated with trehalose and Spd biosynthesis resulted in elevated accumulation of trehalose and endogenous Spd.The inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)oxidase(ACO)expression contributed to reduced ethylene emission,enhancing maize resistance to waterlogging.Following Spd application,auxin-related genes were up-regulated and indole acetic acid(IAA)content increased,promoting cell elongation in maize and maintaining normal growth under waterlogging stress.Additionally,the upregulation of lipid-related genes led to increased lipid content,protecting cell membranes under waterlogging conditions.These molecular and physiological modifications collectively enhanced resistance to waterlogging stress.These findings advance our understanding of Spd's regulatory roles in mitigating waterlogging damage and provide valuable insights for breeding waterlogging-tolerant maize varieties.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404)Shandong Province Higher Education Science and Technology Program (J15LF07)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Shandong Agricultural University (2014-2)
文摘Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Trnticum aestivum L.) can be increased by late sowing.However, whether grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) can be maintained with delayed sowing remains unknown. During the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons, two winter wheat cultivars were sown on three dates(early sowing on October 1, normal so,wing on October8, and late sowing on October 15) to investigate the responses of lodging resistance, grain yield,and NUE to sowing date. No significant differences in lodging resistance, grain yield, or NUE between early and normal sowing were observed. Averaging over the two cultivars and years,postponing the sowing date significantly increased lodging resistance by 53.6% and 49.6%compared with that following early and normal sowing, respectively. Lodging resistance was improved mainly through a reduction in the culm height at the center of gravity and an increase in the tensile strength of the base internode. Late sowing resulted in similar grain yield as well as kernel weight and number of kernels per square meter, compared to early and normal sowing.Averaging over the two cultivars and years, delayed sowing resulted in a reduction in nitrogen uptake efficiency(UPE) by 11.0% and 9.9% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively,owing to reduced root length density and dry matter accumulation before anthesis. An average increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency(UTE) of 12.9% and 11.2% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively, was observed with late sowing owing to a reduction in the grain nitrogen concentration. The increase in UTE offset the reduction in UPE, resulting in equal NUEs among all sowing dates. Thus, sowing later than normal could increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and NUE.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300108-5)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2017A030313110,2018A030313463)+2 种基金the Discipline Team Building Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(201617TD)the Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy,China(Construction of High-Level Academy of Agricultural Science)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(AB2018013)。
文摘Improving both grain yield and resource use efficiencies simultaneously is a major challenge in rice production.However,few studies have focused on integrating dense planting with delayed and reduced nitrogen application to enhance grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the double rice cropping system in South China.A high-yielding indica hybrid rice cultivar (Yliangyou 143) was grown in field experiments in Guangxi,South China,with three cultivation managements:farmers’practice (FP),dense planting with equal N input and delayed N application (DPEN) and dense planting with reduced N input and delayed N application (DPRN).The grain yields of DPRN reached 10.6 and 9.78 t ha^(–1) in the early and late cropping seasons,respectively,which were significantly higher than the corresponding yields of FP by 23.9–29.9%.The grain yields in DPEN and DPRN were comparable.NUE in DPRN reached 65.2–72.9 kg kg^(–1),which was 61.2–74.1% higher than that in FP and 24.6–30.2% higher than that in DPEN.RUE in DPRN achieved 1.60–1.80 g MJ^(–1),which was 28.6–37.9% higher than that in FP.The productive tiller percentage in DPRN was 7.9–36.2% higher than that in DPEN.Increases in crop growth rate,leaf area duration,N uptake from panicle initiation to heading and enhancement of the apparent transformation ratio of dry weight from stems and leaf sheaths to panicles all contributed to higher grain yield and higher resource use efficiencies in DPRN.Correlation analysis revealed that the agronomic and physiological traits mentioned above were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield.Comparison trials carried out in Guangdong in 2018 and 2019 also showed that DPRN performed better than DPEN.We conclude that DPRN is a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing grain yield,NUE and RUE in the double rice cropping system in South China.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2006AA10Z230, 2006AA10Z219-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171455)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Province Agricultural Scientific Technology Innovation Fund,China (CX(10)221)the Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Research Program, China (5910907)the No-Profit Industry(Meteorology) Research Program, China (GYHY201006027,GYHY201106027)the Jiangsu Government Scholar-ship for Overseas Studies, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Founding, China (6510733)
文摘To quantify the relationships between rice plant architecture parameters and the corresponding organ biomass, and to research on functional structural plant models of rice plant, this paper presented a biomass-based model of aboveground architectural parameters of rice （Oryza sativa L.） in the young seedling stage, designed to explain effects of cultivars and environmental conditions on rice aboveground morphogenesis at the individual leaf level. Various model variables, including biomass of blade and blade length, were parameterized for rice based on data derived from an outdoor experiment with rice cv. Liangyou 108, 86You 8, Nanjing 43, and Yangdao 6. The organ dimensions of rice aboveground were modelled taking corresponding organ biomass as an independent variable. Various variables in rice showed marked consistency in observation and simulation, suggesting possibilities for a general rice architectural model in the young seedling stage. Our descriptive model was suitable for our objective. However, they can set the stage for connection to physiological model via biomass and development of functional structural rice models （FSRM）, and start with the localized production and partitioning of assimilates as affected by abiotic growth factors. The finding of biomass-based rice architectural parameter models also can be used in morphological models of blade, sheath, and tiller of the other stages in rice life.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40201023)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0412).
文摘The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane （HCH） and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-（p-chloro- phenyl） ethane （DDT） in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer （0-20 cm depth） of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs （including α-,β-, γ-, and δ-isomers） and total DDTs （including p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDD, p,p＇-DDE, and o,p＇-DDT） in the surface soils tested were in the range from nondetectable to 31.72 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 0.91, and from nondetectable to 5910.83 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 32.13, respectively. It was observed that concentrations of HCHs in all soil samples and concentrations of DDTs in 112 soil samples were much lower than the first grade （50 μg/kg） permitted in ＂Environment quality standard for soils in China （GB 15618-1995）＂. This suggests that the pollution due to organochlorine pesticides was generally not significant in the farmland soils in the Beijing alluvial region. In this study, the spatial distribution and trend of HCHs and DDTs were analyzed using Geostatistical Analyst and GS＋（513）. Spatial distribution indicated how these pesticides had been applied in the past. Trend analysis showed that the concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, and their related metabolites followed an obvious distribution trend in the surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40701120)the Beijing Nova Program, China (2008B33)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (4092016)
文摘It is very important to provide reference basis for winter wheat quality regionalization of cultivation area. The aim of this article was based on factors affecting wheat quality and setting realistic spatial models in each part of the land for assessment of land suitability potentials in Beijing, China. The study employed artificial neural network （ANN） analysis to select factors and evaluate the relative importance of selected environment factors on wheat grain quality. The spatial models were developed and demonstrated their use in selecting the most suitable areas for the winter wheat cultivation. The strategy overcomes the non-accurate traditional statistical methods. Satellite images, toposheet, and ancillary data of the study area were used to find tillable land. These categories were formed by integrating the various layers with corresponding weights in geographical information system （GIS）. An integrated land suitability potential （LSP） index was computed considering the contribution of various parameters of land suitability. The study demonstrated that the tillable land could be categorized into spatially distributed agriculture potential zones based on soil nutrient and assembled weather factors using RS and GIS as not suitable, marginally suitable, moderately suitable, suitable, and highly suitable by adopting the logical criteria. The sort of land distribution map made by the factors with their weights showed more truthfulness.
基金supported by the Hubei Key Program of Research&Development,China(2020BBA044 and 2020BBB089)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870424)the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education of China(KFT201904)。
文摘In China,the traditional early and late season double rice(DR)system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems:ratoon rice(RR)and rice-crawfish(RC).Three methodologies:economic analysis,emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment(LCA)were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change.Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR.The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7%compared with that of DR,respectively.RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water,electricity,juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input,such as irrigation water,electricity,fertilizers and pesticides than DR.The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7-50.4%when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6-112.9%.The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC,whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0-61.0%lower than that of DR.Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR,but RC had a much lower grain yield(a 53.6%reduction compared to DR).These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security,economic and environmental goals.
文摘【Aim】The genetic differentiation research is an important link to understand the morphological diversity and adaptive evolution of honey bees.It is a prerequisite for the determination of the bioresource management unit and the protection unit and helps to protect the genetic resources of honey bees.This study aims to study the genetic differentiation and genetic resource distribution of the Asian honey bee,Apis cerana across the geographical environment in China by analyzing morphological differentiation.【Methods】A total of6147 worker bees of A.cerana were collected from 102 sampling sites across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China.Sixty worker bees of each sampling site from 10-20 colonies were dissected and 33morphological characteristics associated with the wings,individual size,hind leg,and body color were measured.A multivariate morphometric analysis was conducted and clusters with their morphological traits and distribution patterns were identified.【Results】According to the cluster results of discriminant analysis and principal component analysis,A.cerana in China can be divided into 14 morphological clusters.Five clusters with smaller body size were identified.Hainan cluster had the smallest body size,followed by South Yunnan cluster,Taiwan region of China cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.These five clusters were significantly different in proboscis length,forewing length,the structure of the 3rd submarginal cell in the forewing,body color,and the length of the wax plate.Changbai cluster had the largest cubital index,wax plate size,and width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5.However,Bomi cluster of Tibet had the smallest width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5 in China.Northwest cluster had the longest hind legs.Five clusters in the West Sichuan Plateau were characterized by larger individuals and black body color.Batang cluster had the smallest cubital index(3.0169)and the largest individual size in China.The cubital index of the Aba cluster was inferior only to that of the Changbai cluster,and the wing lengths and the sizes of sternite 7 were the largest.Derong cluster was the darkest.Yajiang cluster was unique in wing vein angles(A4,N23,E9 and J10 were the smallest and B4 the largest).Chuandian cluster had the smallest body size on the Western Sichuan Plateau.【Conclusion】In this study,the morphometric analysis of A.cerana was conducted based on collection of samples across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China,especially those from Bomi of Tibet,Taiwan Province of China,and the Western Sichuan Plateau.Fourteen clusters of A.cerana were obtained in China,including Hainan cluster,southern Yunnan cluster,Changbai cluster,Taiwan region of China cluster,Bomi cluster,Aba cluster,Batang cluster,Derong cluster,Yajiang cluster,Chuandian cluster,Chuangui cluster,Northwest cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of genetic resources of A.cerana in China.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China (31972529, 32272916)Shaanxi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Double-chain Fusion Key Project (2022GD-TSLD-46-0302)+2 种基金the Shaanxi Feed Engineering Technology Research Center (2019HBGC-16)the Program for Shaanxi Science&Technology (NYKJ-2018-YL15, 2019ZDXM3-02 and 2021TD-30)Special Funding for Animal Husbandry from Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (XN06)
文摘Background Intestinal health plays a pivotal role in broiler chicken growth.Oregano aqueous extract(OAE)effec-tively exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.However,the protective effects of OAE on intestinal health in broilers and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of OAE on growth performance,the gut microbiota and intestinal health.A total of 8401-d-old male and female broilers(Arbor Acres)were randomly allocated into 6 groups as follows:basal diet(Con),Con+antibiotics(Anti,colistin sulfate 7 g/kg,roxarsone 35 g/kg),Con+400,500,600 and 700 mg/kg OAE(OAE400,OAE500,OAE600 and OAE700).Subse-quently,fermentation in vitro together with oral administration trials were carried out to further assess the function of OAE on intestinal health of broilers.Results Dietary 700 mg/kg OAE supplementation resulted in an increase(P<0.05)in body weight and a decrease(P<0.05)in feed conversion ratio when compared with the control during d 22 to 42 of the trial.OAE addition resulted in lower(P<0.05)jejunal crypt depth and mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10 at d 42.In addition,dietary OAE addition increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P=0.087)and Lactobacillus(P<0.05)in the cecum,and increased(P<0.05)the content of acetic acid and butyric acid.In the in vitro fermentation test,OAE significantly increased(P<0.05)the abundance of Lactobacillus,decreased(P<0.05)the abundance of unspecified_Enterobacteriaceae,and increased the content of acetic acid(P<0.05).In the oral administration trial,higher(P<0.05)IL-4 expression was found in broilers when oral inoculation with oregano fermentation microorganisms at d 42.And SIgA content in the ileum was significantly increased(P=0.073)when giving OAE fermentation supernatant.Conclusions Dietary OAE addition could maintain intestinal health and improve growth performance through enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function mediated by gut microbiota changes.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program (2006AA10Z230,2006AA10Z219-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171455)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Province Agricultural Scientific Technology Innovation Fund, China (CX(10)221, CX (11)2042)the Agricultural Scientific Technology Support Program, Jiangsu Province, China (BE2008397,BE2011342)the No-Profit Industry (Meteorology) Research Program, China (GYHY201006027, GYHY201106027)the Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies, China
文摘In this paper, the many indices used in validation of crop models, such as RMSE （root mean square errors）, Sd （standard error of absolute difference）, da （mean absolute difference）, dap （ratio of da to the mean observation）, r （correlation）, and R2 （determination coefficient）, are compared for the same rice architectural parameter model, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. A new index for validation of crop models, dap between the observed and the simulated values, is proposed, with dap〈5% as the suggested standard for precision of crop models. The different kinds of validation methods in crop models should be combined in the following aspects：（1） calculating da and dap; （2） calculating the RMSE or Sd; （3） calculating r and R2, at the same time, plotting 1：1 diagram.
