Subcritical reactors(SCRs)or subcritical assemblies(SCAs)are the main infrastructure for designing power reactors.These reactors are widely used for training and research because of their high level of inherent safety...Subcritical reactors(SCRs)or subcritical assemblies(SCAs)are the main infrastructure for designing power reactors.These reactors are widely used for training and research because of their high level of inherent safety.The objective of this study is to design a subcritical reactor using a pressurized water reactor(PWR)conventional fuel following two safety points.In the first approach,deeply placed SCR cores with an infinite multiplication factor(k_(∞))of less than unity were identified using the DRAGON lattice code.In the second approach,subcritical reactor cores with an effective multiplication factor(k_(eff))of less than unity were determined by coupling the cell calculations of the DRAGON lattice code and core calculations of the DONJON code.For the deeply subcritical reactor design,it was found that the reactor would remain inherently subcritical while using fuel rods with ^(235)U enrichment of up to 0.9%,regardless of the pitch of the fuel rods.In the second approach,the optimal pitches(1.3 to 2.3 cm)were determined for different fuel enrichment values from 1 to 5%.Subsequently,the k_(eff) was obtained for a fuel rod arrangement of 8×8 to 80×80,and the states in which the reactor would be subcritical were determined for different fuel enrichments at the corresponding optimal pitch.To validate the models used in the DRAGON and DONJON codes,the k_(eff) of the Isfahan Light Water Subcritical Reactor(LWSCR)was experimentally measured and compared with the results of the calculations.Finally,the effects of fuel and moderator temperature changes were investigated to ensure that the designed assemblies remained in the subcritical state at all operational temperatures.展开更多
To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains i...To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.展开更多
Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and geneti...Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and genetic mechanisms and can be derived from an individual's somatic cells(e.g.,blood or skin).This enables patient-specific paradigms for precision neurotrauma research,pa rticula rly relevant to the over 300,000 people in the United States living with chronic effects of spinal cord injury(SCI).展开更多
Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without ...Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without the dependence of antibiotic.Methods:Herein,we prepared ultrasound/magnetic field-responsive ferroferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4))/glucose oxidase microbubbles(FGMB)to form a cascade catalytic system for effective removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.FGMB were prepared through interfacial self-assembly of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)and glucose oxidase(GOx)at the gas-liquid interface stabilized by surfactants.Under ultrasound/magnetic field stimulation,FGMB disrupted biofilm architecture through microbubble collapse-induced microjets and magnetically driven displacement.Simultaneously,ultrasound-triggered rupture of FGMB released GOx and Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs.Glucose can be oxidized by GOx to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide which was subsequently catalyzed into hydroxyl radicals by Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs,enabling chemical eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria.Results:Optical microscopy images demonstrated that FGMB have spherical structure with average size of approximately 17μm.FGMB showed a 65.4%decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm biomass and 1.1 log bacterial inactivation efficiency(91.2%),suggesting effective biofilm elimination.In vitro experimental results also indicate that FGMB have good biocompatibility.Conclusion:This antibiofilm strategy integrated dual modes of physical biofilm disruption with chemical bacteria-killing shows great potential as a versatile,non-resistant strategy for bacterial biofilm elimination.展开更多
The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon ...The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon sources in the near-infrared band(λ∼700–1000 nm),several challenges have yet to be addressed for ideal single-photon emission at the telecommunication band.In this study,we present a droplet-epitaxy strategy for O-band to C-band single-photon source-based semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)using metal-organic vaporphase epitaxy(MOVPE).By investigating the growth conditions of the epitaxial process,we have successfully synthesized InAs/InP QDs with narrow emission lines spanning a broad spectral range of λ∼1200–1600 nm.The morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy.The recorded single-photon purity of a plain QD structure reaches g^((2))(0)=0.16,with a radiative recombination lifetime as short as 1.5 ns.This work provides a crucial platform for future research on integrated microcavity enhancement techniques and coupled QDs with other quantum photonics in the telecom bands,offering significant prospects for quantum network applications.展开更多
Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key fac...Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key factors in anammox bacteria enrichment.This study investigated the mechanisms driving anammox bacteria enrichment in lab-scale simulated CWs treating high-nitrogen wastewater,focusing on bacterial community re-sponses across wetland layers with various strategies,including continuous up-flow influent,nitrogen loading increase,effluent recirculation,intermittent influent,and anammox bacteria inoculation.Results showed that total relative and absolute abundances of anammox bacteria ranged from 0.77%to 12.50%and from 0.13 to 6.46×10^(7) copies/g,respectively.Dissolved oxygen and pH had significant positive correlations with the absolute abundance of anammox bacteria,while organic matter and nitrate negatively impacted their relative abundance.Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that spatial heterogeneity explained more variation in anammox bacteria abundance(43.44%)compared to operational strategies(8.58%).In terms of microbial interactions,60 dominant species exhibited potential correlations with anammox bacteria,comprising 170 interactions(105 positive and 65 negative),which suggested that anammox bacteria generally foster cooperative relationships with dominant bacteria.Notably,significant interspecies interactions were observed between Candidatus Kuenenia(dominant anammox bacteria in CWs)and species within the genera Chitinivibrio-nia and Anaerolineaceae,suggesting that microbial interactions primarily manifest as indirect facilitative effects rather than direct mutualistic relationships.Given that the Normalized Stochasticity Ratio in CWs were<50%,this study inferred that environmental gradients have greater influence on anammox bacteria than microbial interactions.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease indu...Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
The hybridization gap in strained-layer InAs/In_(x)Ga_(1−x) Sb quantum spin Hall insulators(QSHIs)is significantly enhanced compared to binary InAs/GaSb QSHI structures,where the typical indium composition,x,ranges be...The hybridization gap in strained-layer InAs/In_(x)Ga_(1−x) Sb quantum spin Hall insulators(QSHIs)is significantly enhanced compared to binary InAs/GaSb QSHI structures,where the typical indium composition,x,ranges between 0.2 and 0.4.This enhancement prompts a critical question:to what extent can quantum wells(QWs)be strained while still preserving the fundamental QSHI phase?In this study,we demonstrate the controlled molecular beam epitaxial growth of highly strained-layer QWs with an indium composition of x=0.5.These structures possess a substantial compressive strain within the In_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)Sb QW.Detailed crystal structure analyses confirm the exceptional quality of the resulting epitaxial films,indicating coherent lattice structures and the absence of visible dislocations.Transport measurements further reveal that the QSHI phase in InAs/In_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)Sb QWs is robust and protected by time-reversal symmetry.Notably,the edge states in these systems exhibit giant magnetoresistance when subjected to a modest perpendicular magnetic field.This behavior is in agreement with the𝑍2 topological property predicted by the Bernevig–Hughes–Zhang model,confirming the preservation of topologically protected edge transport in the presence of enhanced bulk strain.展开更多
Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a meth...Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a method to construct superior Fe-Beta catalysts based on Al-rich zeolites.This strategy successfully promotes the formation of NH3-SCR-active isolated Fe^(3+)species,thus effectively improving the low-temperature activity of the Fe-Beta catalysts.Thanks to the abundant Brønsted acid sites of the Al-rich zeolite,the Fe_(2)O_(3) particles are redispersed and anchored as isolated Fe^(3+)during hydrothermal aging.This dynamic evolution of Fe species makes up for the adverse effect of dealumination of the Al-rich zeolite framework and achieves high stability for the Al-rich Fe-Beta catalyst.This study may promote the understanding of highly efficient and stable catalyst design using Al-rich zeolites.展开更多
Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capabi...Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capability and severe capacity decay.Herein,a three-dimensional polyaniline is wrapped by carboxylcarbon nanotubes(denoted as C-PANI)which is designed as a catalytic cathode to effectively boost iodine conversion with suppressed polyiodide shuttling,thereby improving Zn-I_(2) batteries.Specifically,carboxyl-carbon nanotubes serve as a proton reservoir for more protonated-NH+=sites in PANI chains,achieving a direct I0/I−reaction for suppressed polyiodide generation and Zn corrosion.Attributing to this“proton-iodine”regulation,catalytic protonated C-PANI strongly fixes electrolytic iodine species and stores proton ions simultaneously through reversible-N=/-NH^(+)-reaction.Therefore,the electrolytic Zn-I_(2) battery with C-PANI cathode exhibits an impressive capacity of 420 mAh g^(−1) and ultra-long lifespan over 40,000 cycles.Additionally,a 60 mAh pouch cell was assembled with excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles,providing new insights into exploring effective organocatalysts for superb Zn-halogen batteries.展开更多
Optogenetics has revolutionized the field of neuroscience by enabling precise control of neural activity through light-sensitive proteins known as opsins.This review article discusses the fundamental principles of opt...Optogenetics has revolutionized the field of neuroscience by enabling precise control of neural activity through light-sensitive proteins known as opsins.This review article discusses the fundamental principles of optogenetics,including the activation of both excitatory and inhibitory opsins,as well as the development of optogenetic models that utilize recombinant viral vectors.A considerable portion of the article addresses the limitations of optogenetic tools and explores strategies to overcome these challenges.These strategies include the use of adeno-associated viruses,cell-specific promoters,modified opsins,and methodologies such as bioluminescent optogenetics.The application of viral recombinant vectors,particularly adeno-associated viruses,is emerging as a promising avenue for clinical use in delivering opsins to target cells.This trend indicates the potential for creating tools that offer greater flexibility and accuracy in opsin delivery.The adaptations of these viral vectors provide advantages in optogenetic studies by allowing for the restricted expression of opsins through cell-specific promoters and various viral serotypes.The article also examines different cellular targets for optogenetics,including neurons,astrocytes,microglia,and Schwann cells.Utilizing specific promoters for opsin expression in these cells is essential for achieving precise and efficient stimulation.Research has demonstrated that optogenetic stimulation of both neurons and glial cells-particularly the distinct phenotypes of microglia,astrocytes,and Schwann cells-can have therapeutic effects in neurological diseases.Glial cells are increasingly recognized as important targets for the treatment of these disorders.Furthermore,the article emphasizes the emerging field of bioluminescent optogenetics,which combines optogenetic principles with bioluminescent proteins to visualize and manipulate neural activity in real time.By integrating molecular genetics techniques with bioluminescence,researchers have developed methods to monitor neuronal activity efficiently and less invasively,enhancing our understanding of central nervous system function and the mechanisms of plasticity in neurological disorders beyond traditional neurobiological methods.Evidence has shown that optogenetic modulation can enhance motor axon regeneration,achieve complete sensory reinnervation,and accelerate the recovery of neuromuscular function.This approach also induces complex patterns of coordinated motor neuron activity and promotes neural reorganization.Optogenetic approaches hold immense potential for therapeutic interventions in the central nervous system.They enable precise control of neural circuits and may offer new treatments for neurological disorders,particularly spinal cord injuries,peripheral nerve injuries,and other neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-...We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.展开更多
The present study was undertaken to prepare instant porridge from some useful and available ingredients such as bulgur powder, potato, tomato, carrot, mung bean (unsoaked, soaked and germinated), then seasoned with on...The present study was undertaken to prepare instant porridge from some useful and available ingredients such as bulgur powder, potato, tomato, carrot, mung bean (unsoaked, soaked and germinated), then seasoned with onion, garlic, salt, black pepper, cumin and coriander to make B1, B2 and B3 formulas. Chemical, physical properties, amino acids and sensory evaluation of instant porridge formulas were determined. The data showed that B2 formula which contained soaked mung bean had the highest calories value, total essential amino acids, biological value and water absorption index (WAI) compared to the other formulas, also it is recorded the highest degree of lightness </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (82.39 and 56.65), least redness </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (0.98 and 1.45) and intermediate in yellowness </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">b</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (25.91 and 24.45) before and after rehydrated, respectively. Regarding to sensory evaluation, there was a significant increase in color, taste and overall acceptability in B2 compared to the other formulas. Based on these results, revealed that the soaked mung bean was a good source of essential amino acid and calories to enhance nutritional and technological quality of the resultant porridge.展开更多
Mass production of entomophagous insects and mites is necessary for the practical use of biological method of plant protection in agriculture. For many insects, breeding is carried out at the level of industrial techn...Mass production of entomophagous insects and mites is necessary for the practical use of biological method of plant protection in agriculture. For many insects, breeding is carried out at the level of industrial technology with the appropriate equipment. The main purpose of the research was to improve the technical and economic performance of equipment in the production of entomophagous insects and their hosts by optimizing equipment design and technocenosis management techniques. In laboratory experiments with using the planning of multifactor experiments, the parameters of cages for breeding were determined optimally. On this basis, sets of equipment for the trichogram, brakon, lacewort and phytoseulatus have been developed. The specific productivity of new equipment provides the necessary profitability of production.展开更多
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice ...Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.展开更多
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental challenges.In the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an impo...The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental challenges.In the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an important component of the hypothalamicpituitary-a d renal axis's negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and neuroplasticity.The glucoco rticoid receptor influences cognitive processes,including glutamate neurotransmission,calcium signaling,and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated pathways,through a combination of genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.Protein interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor,there by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and stress-related cognitive functions.An appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function,while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucoco rticoids may lead to cognitive impairment.Patients with cognitive impairment-associated diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,aging,depression,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,stroke,and addiction,often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor expression.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucoco rticoid receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and cognitive activities.It emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling fa cilitates learning and memory,while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive impairment.This provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to ove rcome cognitive disability-related disorders.展开更多
This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging...This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.展开更多
Because of the challenge of compounding lightweight,high-strength Ti/Al alloys due to their considerable disparity in properties,Al 6063 as intermediate layer was proposed to fabricate TC4/Al 6063/Al 7075 three-layer ...Because of the challenge of compounding lightweight,high-strength Ti/Al alloys due to their considerable disparity in properties,Al 6063 as intermediate layer was proposed to fabricate TC4/Al 6063/Al 7075 three-layer composite plate by explosive welding.The microscopic properties of each bonding interface were elucidated through field emission scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD).A methodology combining finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics(FEM-SPH)and molecular dynamics(MD)was proposed for the analysis of the forming and evolution characteristics of explosive welding interfaces at multi-scale.The results demonstrate that the bonding interface morphologies of TC4/Al 6063 and Al 6063/Al 7075 exhibit a flat and wavy configuration,without discernible defects or cracks.The phenomenon of grain refinement is observed in the vicinity of the two bonding interfaces.Furthermore,the degree of plastic deformation of TC4 and Al 7075 is more pronounced than that of Al 6063 in the intermediate layer.The interface morphology characteristics obtained by FEM-SPH simulation exhibit a high degree of similarity to the experimental results.MD simulations reveal that the diffusion of interfacial elements predominantly occurs during the unloading phase,and the simulated thickness of interfacial diffusion aligns well with experimental outcomes.The introduction of intermediate layer in the explosive welding process can effectively produce high-quality titanium/aluminum alloy composite plates.Furthermore,this approach offers a multi-scale simulation strategy for the study of explosive welding bonding interfaces.展开更多
Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil na...Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals.However,the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals(HCMHMs)on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain.Thus,further clarification of themechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required.Using the plant Sedum alfredii(S.alfredii)to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil,we further explored the mechanism of S.alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils.The results showed that(i)S.alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil,which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals.In addition,it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves;(ii)native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes,such as trpE,trpG,bjaI,rpfF,ACSL,and yidC,and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine,then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals.In addition,we speculated that genes such as K19703,K07891,K09711,K19703,K07891,and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals.The results provide scientific basis for S.alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils,and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.展开更多
文摘Subcritical reactors(SCRs)or subcritical assemblies(SCAs)are the main infrastructure for designing power reactors.These reactors are widely used for training and research because of their high level of inherent safety.The objective of this study is to design a subcritical reactor using a pressurized water reactor(PWR)conventional fuel following two safety points.In the first approach,deeply placed SCR cores with an infinite multiplication factor(k_(∞))of less than unity were identified using the DRAGON lattice code.In the second approach,subcritical reactor cores with an effective multiplication factor(k_(eff))of less than unity were determined by coupling the cell calculations of the DRAGON lattice code and core calculations of the DONJON code.For the deeply subcritical reactor design,it was found that the reactor would remain inherently subcritical while using fuel rods with ^(235)U enrichment of up to 0.9%,regardless of the pitch of the fuel rods.In the second approach,the optimal pitches(1.3 to 2.3 cm)were determined for different fuel enrichment values from 1 to 5%.Subsequently,the k_(eff) was obtained for a fuel rod arrangement of 8×8 to 80×80,and the states in which the reactor would be subcritical were determined for different fuel enrichments at the corresponding optimal pitch.To validate the models used in the DRAGON and DONJON codes,the k_(eff) of the Isfahan Light Water Subcritical Reactor(LWSCR)was experimentally measured and compared with the results of the calculations.Finally,the effects of fuel and moderator temperature changes were investigated to ensure that the designed assemblies remained in the subcritical state at all operational temperatures.
文摘To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.
基金supported by the Belle Carnell Regenerative Neurorehabilitation Fundthe National Institutes of Health(R01NS113935 to CKF)。
文摘Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and genetic mechanisms and can be derived from an individual's somatic cells(e.g.,blood or skin).This enables patient-specific paradigms for precision neurotrauma research,pa rticula rly relevant to the over 300,000 people in the United States living with chronic effects of spinal cord injury(SCI).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375101)the Natural Science of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(24KJB430027).
文摘Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without the dependence of antibiotic.Methods:Herein,we prepared ultrasound/magnetic field-responsive ferroferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4))/glucose oxidase microbubbles(FGMB)to form a cascade catalytic system for effective removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.FGMB were prepared through interfacial self-assembly of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)and glucose oxidase(GOx)at the gas-liquid interface stabilized by surfactants.Under ultrasound/magnetic field stimulation,FGMB disrupted biofilm architecture through microbubble collapse-induced microjets and magnetically driven displacement.Simultaneously,ultrasound-triggered rupture of FGMB released GOx and Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs.Glucose can be oxidized by GOx to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide which was subsequently catalyzed into hydroxyl radicals by Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs,enabling chemical eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria.Results:Optical microscopy images demonstrated that FGMB have spherical structure with average size of approximately 17μm.FGMB showed a 65.4%decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm biomass and 1.1 log bacterial inactivation efficiency(91.2%),suggesting effective biofilm elimination.In vitro experimental results also indicate that FGMB have good biocompatibility.Conclusion:This antibiofilm strategy integrated dual modes of physical biofilm disruption with chemical bacteria-killing shows great potential as a versatile,non-resistant strategy for bacterial biofilm elimination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12494604,12393834,12393831,62274014,6223501662335015)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2024YFA1208900)。
文摘The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon sources in the near-infrared band(λ∼700–1000 nm),several challenges have yet to be addressed for ideal single-photon emission at the telecommunication band.In this study,we present a droplet-epitaxy strategy for O-band to C-band single-photon source-based semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)using metal-organic vaporphase epitaxy(MOVPE).By investigating the growth conditions of the epitaxial process,we have successfully synthesized InAs/InP QDs with narrow emission lines spanning a broad spectral range of λ∼1200–1600 nm.The morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy.The recorded single-photon purity of a plain QD structure reaches g^((2))(0)=0.16,with a radiative recombination lifetime as short as 1.5 ns.This work provides a crucial platform for future research on integrated microcavity enhancement techniques and coupled QDs with other quantum photonics in the telecom bands,offering significant prospects for quantum network applications.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227232)the STS Project of Fujian-CAS(No.2023T3018)Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.322GJHZ2022035MI).
文摘Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key factors in anammox bacteria enrichment.This study investigated the mechanisms driving anammox bacteria enrichment in lab-scale simulated CWs treating high-nitrogen wastewater,focusing on bacterial community re-sponses across wetland layers with various strategies,including continuous up-flow influent,nitrogen loading increase,effluent recirculation,intermittent influent,and anammox bacteria inoculation.Results showed that total relative and absolute abundances of anammox bacteria ranged from 0.77%to 12.50%and from 0.13 to 6.46×10^(7) copies/g,respectively.Dissolved oxygen and pH had significant positive correlations with the absolute abundance of anammox bacteria,while organic matter and nitrate negatively impacted their relative abundance.Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that spatial heterogeneity explained more variation in anammox bacteria abundance(43.44%)compared to operational strategies(8.58%).In terms of microbial interactions,60 dominant species exhibited potential correlations with anammox bacteria,comprising 170 interactions(105 positive and 65 negative),which suggested that anammox bacteria generally foster cooperative relationships with dominant bacteria.Notably,significant interspecies interactions were observed between Candidatus Kuenenia(dominant anammox bacteria in CWs)and species within the genera Chitinivibrio-nia and Anaerolineaceae,suggesting that microbial interactions primarily manifest as indirect facilitative effects rather than direct mutualistic relationships.Given that the Normalized Stochasticity Ratio in CWs were<50%,this study inferred that environmental gradients have greater influence on anammox bacteria than microbial interactions.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20242BAB26134(to XF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060638(to TC),82060222(to XF),82460237(to XF)+1 种基金the Major Disciplines of Academic and Technical Leaders Project of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20194BCJ22032(to TC),20213BCJL22049(to XF)Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Health Planning Committee,No.202210390(to XF).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.XDB28000000 and XDB0460000)the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2021ZD0302600)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1409002)。
文摘The hybridization gap in strained-layer InAs/In_(x)Ga_(1−x) Sb quantum spin Hall insulators(QSHIs)is significantly enhanced compared to binary InAs/GaSb QSHI structures,where the typical indium composition,x,ranges between 0.2 and 0.4.This enhancement prompts a critical question:to what extent can quantum wells(QWs)be strained while still preserving the fundamental QSHI phase?In this study,we demonstrate the controlled molecular beam epitaxial growth of highly strained-layer QWs with an indium composition of x=0.5.These structures possess a substantial compressive strain within the In_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)Sb QW.Detailed crystal structure analyses confirm the exceptional quality of the resulting epitaxial films,indicating coherent lattice structures and the absence of visible dislocations.Transport measurements further reveal that the QSHI phase in InAs/In_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)Sb QWs is robust and protected by time-reversal symmetry.Notably,the edge states in these systems exhibit giant magnetoresistance when subjected to a modest perpendicular magnetic field.This behavior is in agreement with the𝑍2 topological property predicted by the Bernevig–Hughes–Zhang model,confirming the preservation of topologically protected edge transport in the presence of enhanced bulk strain.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3707200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22306191 and 52270112).
文摘Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a method to construct superior Fe-Beta catalysts based on Al-rich zeolites.This strategy successfully promotes the formation of NH3-SCR-active isolated Fe^(3+)species,thus effectively improving the low-temperature activity of the Fe-Beta catalysts.Thanks to the abundant Brønsted acid sites of the Al-rich zeolite,the Fe_(2)O_(3) particles are redispersed and anchored as isolated Fe^(3+)during hydrothermal aging.This dynamic evolution of Fe species makes up for the adverse effect of dealumination of the Al-rich zeolite framework and achieves high stability for the Al-rich Fe-Beta catalyst.This study may promote the understanding of highly efficient and stable catalyst design using Al-rich zeolites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209006,21935001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE009)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202307)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z210016).
文摘Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-I_(2) batteries attract extensive attention for large-scale energy storage systems.However,polyiodide shuttling and sluggish iodine conversion reactions lead to inferior rate capability and severe capacity decay.Herein,a three-dimensional polyaniline is wrapped by carboxylcarbon nanotubes(denoted as C-PANI)which is designed as a catalytic cathode to effectively boost iodine conversion with suppressed polyiodide shuttling,thereby improving Zn-I_(2) batteries.Specifically,carboxyl-carbon nanotubes serve as a proton reservoir for more protonated-NH+=sites in PANI chains,achieving a direct I0/I−reaction for suppressed polyiodide generation and Zn corrosion.Attributing to this“proton-iodine”regulation,catalytic protonated C-PANI strongly fixes electrolytic iodine species and stores proton ions simultaneously through reversible-N=/-NH^(+)-reaction.Therefore,the electrolytic Zn-I_(2) battery with C-PANI cathode exhibits an impressive capacity of 420 mAh g^(−1) and ultra-long lifespan over 40,000 cycles.Additionally,a 60 mAh pouch cell was assembled with excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles,providing new insights into exploring effective organocatalysts for superb Zn-halogen batteries.
基金supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation,No.23-75-10041(to MY)。
文摘Optogenetics has revolutionized the field of neuroscience by enabling precise control of neural activity through light-sensitive proteins known as opsins.This review article discusses the fundamental principles of optogenetics,including the activation of both excitatory and inhibitory opsins,as well as the development of optogenetic models that utilize recombinant viral vectors.A considerable portion of the article addresses the limitations of optogenetic tools and explores strategies to overcome these challenges.These strategies include the use of adeno-associated viruses,cell-specific promoters,modified opsins,and methodologies such as bioluminescent optogenetics.The application of viral recombinant vectors,particularly adeno-associated viruses,is emerging as a promising avenue for clinical use in delivering opsins to target cells.This trend indicates the potential for creating tools that offer greater flexibility and accuracy in opsin delivery.The adaptations of these viral vectors provide advantages in optogenetic studies by allowing for the restricted expression of opsins through cell-specific promoters and various viral serotypes.The article also examines different cellular targets for optogenetics,including neurons,astrocytes,microglia,and Schwann cells.Utilizing specific promoters for opsin expression in these cells is essential for achieving precise and efficient stimulation.Research has demonstrated that optogenetic stimulation of both neurons and glial cells-particularly the distinct phenotypes of microglia,astrocytes,and Schwann cells-can have therapeutic effects in neurological diseases.Glial cells are increasingly recognized as important targets for the treatment of these disorders.Furthermore,the article emphasizes the emerging field of bioluminescent optogenetics,which combines optogenetic principles with bioluminescent proteins to visualize and manipulate neural activity in real time.By integrating molecular genetics techniques with bioluminescence,researchers have developed methods to monitor neuronal activity efficiently and less invasively,enhancing our understanding of central nervous system function and the mechanisms of plasticity in neurological disorders beyond traditional neurobiological methods.Evidence has shown that optogenetic modulation can enhance motor axon regeneration,achieve complete sensory reinnervation,and accelerate the recovery of neuromuscular function.This approach also induces complex patterns of coordinated motor neuron activity and promotes neural reorganization.Optogenetic approaches hold immense potential for therapeutic interventions in the central nervous system.They enable precise control of neural circuits and may offer new treatments for neurological disorders,particularly spinal cord injuries,peripheral nerve injuries,and other neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Contract Nos.2023YFA1606500,2024YFE0109800,and 2024YFE0110400)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB34010000)+5 种基金the Gansu Key Project of Science and Technology (Grant No.23ZDGA014)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No.2021B0301030006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12105328,W2412040,12475126,12422507,12035011,12375118,12435008,and W2412043)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-002)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.2020409 and 2023439)the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No.25-42-00003)。
文摘We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.
文摘The present study was undertaken to prepare instant porridge from some useful and available ingredients such as bulgur powder, potato, tomato, carrot, mung bean (unsoaked, soaked and germinated), then seasoned with onion, garlic, salt, black pepper, cumin and coriander to make B1, B2 and B3 formulas. Chemical, physical properties, amino acids and sensory evaluation of instant porridge formulas were determined. The data showed that B2 formula which contained soaked mung bean had the highest calories value, total essential amino acids, biological value and water absorption index (WAI) compared to the other formulas, also it is recorded the highest degree of lightness </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (82.39 and 56.65), least redness </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (0.98 and 1.45) and intermediate in yellowness </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">b</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (25.91 and 24.45) before and after rehydrated, respectively. Regarding to sensory evaluation, there was a significant increase in color, taste and overall acceptability in B2 compared to the other formulas. Based on these results, revealed that the soaked mung bean was a good source of essential amino acid and calories to enhance nutritional and technological quality of the resultant porridge.
文摘Mass production of entomophagous insects and mites is necessary for the practical use of biological method of plant protection in agriculture. For many insects, breeding is carried out at the level of industrial technology with the appropriate equipment. The main purpose of the research was to improve the technical and economic performance of equipment in the production of entomophagous insects and their hosts by optimizing equipment design and technocenosis management techniques. In laboratory experiments with using the planning of multifactor experiments, the parameters of cages for breeding were determined optimally. On this basis, sets of equipment for the trichogram, brakon, lacewort and phytoseulatus have been developed. The specific productivity of new equipment provides the necessary profitability of production.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071272(to YZ).
文摘Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371444(to YZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2022CFB216(to XC)the Key Research Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2022ZD021160(to YZ)。
文摘The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental challenges.In the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an important component of the hypothalamicpituitary-a d renal axis's negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and neuroplasticity.The glucoco rticoid receptor influences cognitive processes,including glutamate neurotransmission,calcium signaling,and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated pathways,through a combination of genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.Protein interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor,there by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and stress-related cognitive functions.An appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function,while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucoco rticoids may lead to cognitive impairment.Patients with cognitive impairment-associated diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,aging,depression,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,stroke,and addiction,often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor expression.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucoco rticoid receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and cognitive activities.It emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling fa cilitates learning and memory,while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive impairment.This provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to ove rcome cognitive disability-related disorders.
基金State Grid Henan Power Company Science and Technology Project‘Key Technology and Demonstration Application of Multi-Domain Electric Vehicle Aggregated Charging Load Dispatch’(5217L0240003).
文摘This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.
基金Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Explosive Energy Utilization and Control,Anhui Province(BP20240104)Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology(2024WLJCRCZL049)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_2701)。
文摘Because of the challenge of compounding lightweight,high-strength Ti/Al alloys due to their considerable disparity in properties,Al 6063 as intermediate layer was proposed to fabricate TC4/Al 6063/Al 7075 three-layer composite plate by explosive welding.The microscopic properties of each bonding interface were elucidated through field emission scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD).A methodology combining finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics(FEM-SPH)and molecular dynamics(MD)was proposed for the analysis of the forming and evolution characteristics of explosive welding interfaces at multi-scale.The results demonstrate that the bonding interface morphologies of TC4/Al 6063 and Al 6063/Al 7075 exhibit a flat and wavy configuration,without discernible defects or cracks.The phenomenon of grain refinement is observed in the vicinity of the two bonding interfaces.Furthermore,the degree of plastic deformation of TC4 and Al 7075 is more pronounced than that of Al 6063 in the intermediate layer.The interface morphology characteristics obtained by FEM-SPH simulation exhibit a high degree of similarity to the experimental results.MD simulations reveal that the diffusion of interfacial elements predominantly occurs during the unloading phase,and the simulated thickness of interfacial diffusion aligns well with experimental outcomes.The introduction of intermediate layer in the explosive welding process can effectively produce high-quality titanium/aluminum alloy composite plates.Furthermore,this approach offers a multi-scale simulation strategy for the study of explosive welding bonding interfaces.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central PublicWelfare Scientific Research Institutes of China(No.2021-JY-37)the Yellow River Basin Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Joint Study(Phase I)(No.2022-YRUC-01-0202).
文摘Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals.However,the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals(HCMHMs)on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain.Thus,further clarification of themechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required.Using the plant Sedum alfredii(S.alfredii)to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil,we further explored the mechanism of S.alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils.The results showed that(i)S.alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil,which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals.In addition,it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves;(ii)native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes,such as trpE,trpG,bjaI,rpfF,ACSL,and yidC,and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine,then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals.In addition,we speculated that genes such as K19703,K07891,K09711,K19703,K07891,and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals.The results provide scientific basis for S.alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils,and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.
