The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are...The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are required in the process of plant supplementing light,arrow-band emitting phosphors are applied to backlight displays,etc.In this work,a Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor was obtained in a symmetrical and co mpact crystal structure of Gd3Sb07(GSO).Then,the co-doping strategy of alkali metal ions(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(+))was used to optimize the performance.The result shows that the photoluminescence intensity is increased by 2.1 times and 1.3 times respectively by introducing Li~+and K^(+)ions.Not only that,it also achieves narrow-band emitting with the full width of half-maximum(FWHM)reaching 42 nm through Na^(+)doping,and its excitation peak position also shifts from 322 to 375 nm,which can be well excited by near-ultraviolet(NUV)light emitting diode(LED)chips(365 nm).Meanwhile,the electroluminescence spectrum of GSO:0.6 mol%Bi^(3+),3 wt%Na^(+)matches up to 93.39%of the blue part of the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a.In summary,the Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor reported in this work can synchronously meet the requirements of plant light replenishment and field emission displays.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To confirm the effectiveness and safety of Shi's manipulation in treating acute and subacute neck pain patients.METHODS:This multicenter,positive controlled,randomized clinical trial has trial and contro...OBJECTIVE:To confirm the effectiveness and safety of Shi's manipulation in treating acute and subacute neck pain patients.METHODS:This multicenter,positive controlled,randomized clinical trial has trial and control groups.There were 240 patients randomly assigned to the trial group and the control group,and both groups received their respective intervention treatment methods for a period of 12 weeks.The time windows for clinical data collection were before treatment,immediately after treatment,3-d 1,2,4,8,and 12-week after treatment,and follow-up was conducted at 26 and 52-week after treatment.The observed indicators used include primary outcome index and secondary outcome index,with the primary outcome index being the assessment of neck pain severity,which is evaluated by patients using Numerical Rating Scale(NRS).Secondary secondary outcome index include,(a)cervical dysfunction index,measured by patients using the Neck Disability Index(NDI)for self-assessment;(b)Cervical activity measurement,measured through the cervical range of motion measurement program on Android mobile system;(c)Satisfaction treatment assessment,determined by the patient's self-evaluation;(d)Safety index,recorded the incidence of adverse reactions and adverse event.Results:The results showed that these efficacy indices were improved in different degrees in both groups.At immediate after intervention,there was significant difference in NRS,NDI,Cervical Range of Motion(ROM)between the two groups(P<0.01),the trial group was superior to the control group.At 3-d after intervention,there was significant difference in NRS,NDI,ROM between the two groups(P<0.01).At 1-week and 2-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI and ROM between the two groups(P<0.01).At 4-week and 6-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI,ROM between the two groups(P<0.05).At 8-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI,lateral-bending and axial-rotation ROM between the two groups(P<0.05).At 12-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI between the two groups(P<0.01).At 26-week and 52-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI,NRS between the two groups(P<0.01).In addition,the adverse reaction of trial group is significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction of patients in the trial group was better than that in the control group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that Shi's manipulation can be a good complementary treatment option in patients with acute and subacute neck pain.展开更多
As the integration of medical big data and artificial intelligence advances,the secure sharing of medical data has become a key driving force for advancing disease research and clinical diagnosis.Federated learning,a ...As the integration of medical big data and artificial intelligence advances,the secure sharing of medical data has become a key driving force for advancing disease research and clinical diagnosis.Federated learning,a distributed approach enabling collaborative data processing without sharing raw data,offers promising solutions to challenges in multi-center medical data sharing.This review summarizes the progress of federated learning in multi-center medical data processing,analyzed from four perspectives:system architectures,data distribution strategies,clinical tasks,and algorithmic models.At the same time,this paper explores the challenges in practical applications,such as data heterogeneity,communication overhead,and privacy concerns.It proposes driving future research development by optimizing algorithms,strengthening privacy protection mechanisms,and enhancing computational efficiency.展开更多
Objective:Hyper-progression recurrence(HPR)after hepatectomy is a specific recurrence pattern associated with extremely poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This study was aimed at investigati...Objective:Hyper-progression recurrence(HPR)after hepatectomy is a specific recurrence pattern associated with extremely poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This study was aimed at investigating the probable risk factors and establishing comprehensive models for formulating clinical strategies.Methods:Overall,16,158 patients with HCC from 8 hospitals were screened,among whom 3,125 patients who underwent R0 resection were included,and divided into development(n=2,113)and validation(n=1,012)cohorts.A comprehensive study of HPR predictive models and biological features was conducted.Results:Among the 3,125 enrolled patients,506(16.19%)developed HPR.The influence of HPR on extremely poor prognosis was reflected by recurrence features,adverse effects on systemic and liver function,and limited therapeutic options.Nine variables closely associated with HPR were identified,and incorporated into nomogram and conditional inference tree models,which successfully achieved pre-and post-operative HPR risk stratification and facilitated clinical decision-making.Multi-dimensional verification also confirmed the predictive accuracy of model combinations and their reliability in clinical applications.Furthermore,biological analyses revealed that HCCs with HPR exhibited hyperactive biological processes,inactive metabolism,and immune exhaustion features,together with high MYCN/HMGA2 co-expression,thereby enhancing understanding of the molecular events leading to HPR and providing valuable knowledge for HPR management.Conclusions:HPR after hepatectomy is associated with extremely poor prognosis and requires substantial attention.We constructed comprehensive predictive models and propose a clinical strategy for guiding HPR prevention and management.展开更多
The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of th...The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.展开更多
The TiB+TiC dual-reinforced B_(4)C/TC4 composite was in-situ fabricated via incorporating 0.5wt%B_(4)C reinforcement during the laser melting deposition process.Different heat treatments of annealing and solid solutio...The TiB+TiC dual-reinforced B_(4)C/TC4 composite was in-situ fabricated via incorporating 0.5wt%B_(4)C reinforcement during the laser melting deposition process.Different heat treatments of annealing and solid solution were used to regulate the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion properties of B_(4)C/TC4 composite.Results show that with the increase in temperature from 500℃to 800°C,partial lamellarα-Ti in the as-deposited sample is gradually transformed into equiaxedα-Ti,accompanied by the disappearance of basketweave microstructure.At 1100°C,a small portion of TiC phase suffers fusion.This composite exhibits the optimal combination of strength and plasticity after annealing at 500℃for 4 h followed by furnace cooling,which is attributed to the stress release effect and the refined basketweave microstructure.However,this composite shows a decline in corrosion resistance after various heat treatments due to grain coarsening and micro-galvanic corrosion.展开更多
Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(...Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.展开更多
Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is highly suitable for forming 18Ni300 mold steel,thanks to its excellent capability in manufacturing complex shapes and outstanding capacity for regulating microstructures.It is widely us...Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is highly suitable for forming 18Ni300 mold steel,thanks to its excellent capability in manufacturing complex shapes and outstanding capacity for regulating microstructures.It is widely used in fields such as injection molding,die casting,and stamping dies.Adding reinforcing particles into steel is an effective means to improve its performance.Nb/18Ni300 composites were fabricated by LPBF using two kinds of Nb powders with different particle sizes,and their microstructures and properties were studied.The results show that the unmelted Nb particles are uniformly distributed in the 18Ni300 matrix and the grains are refined,which is particularly pronounced with fine Nb particles.In addition,element diffusion occurs between the particles and the matrix.The main phases of the base alloy are α-Fe and a small amount of γ-Fe.With the addition of Nb,part of the α-Fe is transformed into γ-Fe,and unmelted Nb phases appear.The addition of Nb also enhances the hardness and wear resistance of the composites but slightly reduces their tensile properties.After aging treatment,the molten pools and grain boundaries become blurred,grains are further refined,and the interfaces around the particles are thinned.The aging treatment also promotes the formation of reverted austenite.The hardness,ultimate tensile strength,and volumetric wear rate of the base alloy reach 51.9 HRC,1704 MPa,and 17.8×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m),respectively.In contrast,the sample added with fine Nb particles has the highest hardness(56.1 HRC),ultimate tensile strength(1892 MPa)and yield strength(1842 MPa),and the volume wear rate of the sample added with coarse Nb particles is reduced by 90%to 1.7×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m).展开更多
[Objectives]To provide a reference for the efficient use of wild Paeonia suffruticosa germplasm resources and the scientific selection of parents.[Methods]This study systematically evaluated cross-compatibility by con...[Objectives]To provide a reference for the efficient use of wild Paeonia suffruticosa germplasm resources and the scientific selection of parents.[Methods]This study systematically evaluated cross-compatibility by conducting interspecific crosses among the major wild species subsect.Delavayanae(Paeonia delavayi,Paeonia lutea,Paeonia potaninii,and Paeonia ludlowii)as well as reciprocal crosses between these species and cultivated varieties from the subsect.Vaginatae.[Results]Crosses among P.delavayi,P.lutea,and P.potaninii generally exhibited good seed set,with the resulting seeds showing a high emergence rate.In contrast,crosses involving P.ludlowii as a parent produced only a limited number of seeds,none of which germinated.In crosses with cultivated varieties where the wild species served as the maternal parent,the average seed set ranked as follows:P.lutea>P.delavayi>P.ludlowii>P.potaninii.When wild species were used as paternal parent,the average seed set ranked as follows:P.potaninii>P.lutea>P.delavayi>P.ludlowii.On the whole,most crosses between wild species of subsect.Delavayanae and cultivated varieties achieved normal seed set,demonstrating a certain degree of cross-compatibility.However,when the wild species served as the maternal parent,both the seed set and seedling emergence rate were superior to those in the reciprocal crosses(with wild species as the paternal parent).[Conclusions]Significant differences in cross-compatibility were observed among species within Paeonia subsect.Delavayanae.In addition,a significant maternal effect was identified in crosses between wild species of this subsection and cultivated varieties.These findings suggest that by selecting highly compatible combinations,there remains considerable potential for utilizing these wild species in peony breeding.展开更多
Purpose-This study investigates the impact of flagship trains on high-speed railway capacity utilization and develops a brand value-oriented optimization framework that balances service quality enhancement with operat...Purpose-This study investigates the impact of flagship trains on high-speed railway capacity utilization and develops a brand value-oriented optimization framework that balances service quality enhancement with operational efficiency.Design/methodology/approach-A mathematical optimization model based on integer programming is developed,incorporating flagship train constraints into capacity optimization.Case studies compare scenarios with and without flagship train considerations using the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway data across 20 experimental groups.Findings-Operating flagship trains with hourly departure constraints results in an average decrease of 0.9 trains and an 8.4%reduction in capacity utilization rate.When scheduling 2 flagship trains within a 2-h timeframe,capacity utilization decreases from 86.43%to 83.73%,quantifying the trade-off between brand positioning and operational capacity.Originality/value-This research provides the first quantitative framework for brand value-oriented railway capacity optimization,establishing clear definitions for flagship trains and mathematical foundations for evaluating service quality versus efficiency trade-offs.The findings offer practical decision support for railway operators balancing competitive positioning with capacity maximization.展开更多
In this paper,the joint design of transmit and receive beamformers for transmit subaperturing multiple-input-multiple-output(TS-MIMO)radar is investigated,aiming to enhance its low probability of intercept(LPI)capabil...In this paper,the joint design of transmit and receive beamformers for transmit subaperturing multiple-input-multiple-output(TS-MIMO)radar is investigated,aiming to enhance its low probability of intercept(LPI)capability.The main objective is to simultaneously minimize the transmission power,suppress the transmit sidelobe levels,and minimize the probability of intercept,thus bolstering the LPI performance of the radar system while maintaining the desired target detection performance.An alternative optimization method is proposed to jointly optimize the transmit and receive beamformers,yielding an unified LPI optimization framework.Particularly,the proposed iterative algorithm based on the Lagrange duality theory for transmit beamforming is more efficient than the conventional convex optimization method.Numerical experiments highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach in sidelobe suppression and computational efficiency.展开更多
The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D i...The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared through the high pressure pyrolysis of mesophase coal tar pitch.It is found that the 3D interconnected cellular pores of MPCF facilitate multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves,which results in the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of MPCF reaches-37.84 dB with the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.44 GHz at a thickness of 2.70 mm,and the total average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE_(T))under 3.00 mm thickness achieves 26.52 dB in X-band.Subsequently,MPCF is activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon foam(A-MPCF).The average SE_(T)of A-MPCF achieves 103.00 dB for abundant nanopores on the pore cell walls,which leads to a transition from the multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves on the walls to diffuse reflection.Unfortunately,the reflection coefficient(R)of A-MPCF increases from 0.78 to 0.90.To reduce the R value,Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was fabricated via the in situ growth of nano Fe_(3)O_(4)on A-MPCF.Consequently,the R value of Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was reduced from 0.90 to 0.74,whereas the MWA performance was only slightly decreased.This work proposes a simple strategy for simultaneously adjusting MWA and EMI shielding performances of materials.展开更多
This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides...This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides an in-depth analysis and summary of the effects of biological factors,environmental conditions,agronomic practices,processing methods,and continuous cropping obstacles on the synthesis of P.heterophylla saponins,as well as their underlying mechanisms.Based on identified gaps in the current literature,future research directions and prospects are proposed.The findings of this review offer valuable insights for advancing the understanding of the saponin biosynthesis mechanisms in P.heterophylla and for enhancing its quality.展开更多
The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation backgroun...The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.展开更多
NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),which first appeared in China in 2017,is currently one of the main epidemic strains in China.In this study,we found that a new variant of NADC34-l...NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),which first appeared in China in 2017,is currently one of the main epidemic strains in China.In this study,we found that a new variant of NADC34-like PRRSV evolved,named the L1A variant.The phylogenetics,epidemic status,and pathogenicity of the LA variants were subsequently comprehensively evaluated.Based on the results of the ORF5 phylogenetic analysis,the L1A variants were classified as NADC34-like PPRSV.All the strains had the same discontinuous 131-aa deletion in the NSP2 region(similar to that in the NADC30).Recombination analysis revealed that the L1A variants were recombinant viruses that contained an NADC30-like PRRSV skeleton,a nonstructural protein-encoding gene region obtained in part from JXA1-like PRRSV and a ORF2-ORF6 gene region partly obtained from NADC34-like PRRSV and that exhibited similar recombination patterns.We successfully isolated the L1A variant TZJ2756 from PAMs and Marc-145 cells.In animal experiments,TZJ2756 exhibited moderate pathogenicity in piglets,causing obvious clinical symptoms,namely,persistent fever,significantly reduced body weight,interstitial edema and severe interstitial pneumonia in the lungs,and prolonged high-load viremia.L1A variants have been detected in at least 12 provinces in China and share many similar epidemiological characteristics with the American L1C variant.This research will enhance our understanding of the prevalence of L1A variants and furnish valuable data for the ongoing monitoring of NADC34-like PRRSV in China.展开更多
Arctic sea ice concentration(SIC)prediction on a subseasonal scale plays an important role in polar navigation.To reduce the high uncertainty of daily forecasts,three time series prediction models are combined with em...Arctic sea ice concentration(SIC)prediction on a subseasonal scale plays an important role in polar navigation.To reduce the high uncertainty of daily forecasts,three time series prediction models are combined with empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition to forecast Arctic pentad-mean SIC,where each month is divided into six pentad-means–the first five each span five days,and the last encompasses the remaining days,which may vary in length.The models were trained on SIC data from 1989 to2018 and tested from 2019 to 2023,with lead times ranging from 1 to 12 pentad-means.Model skill was evaluated based on SIC spatial patterns,sea ice area(SIA),and the sea ice edge in September from 2019 to 2023.The moving-averaged 2-m temperature helps reduce the long short-term memory model's error in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas.Based on the models'scores for each EOF time series,weighted ensemble prediction results were obtained.These results outperform two benchmark models across all lead times.In addition,the ensemble prediction better reproduces the seasonal cycle of the SIA,with relative errors ranging from 1.04%to 3.85%.The predicted September ice edge closely matches observations,with binary accuracy consistently above 90%.Forecast models show the lowest errors in the central Arctic,while relatively higher errors appear in the Barents and Kara Seas.展开更多
Accelerated aging tests are widely used to rapidly evaluate the durability of materials,of which thermal-oxidative aging is the most common approach.To quantitatively predict the effects of multiple coupled factors,th...Accelerated aging tests are widely used to rapidly evaluate the durability of materials,of which thermal-oxidative aging is the most common approach.To quantitatively predict the effects of multiple coupled factors,this study takes polyamide66 reinforced with glass fiber(PA66-GF)as a model system and proposed a high-precision paradigm for coupled thermal-oxidative aging.By integrating Arrhenius-type reaction kinetics with oxygen diffusion,a predictive formula that holistically captures the nonlinear synergistic effects of multiple factors was developed,thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional single-variable models.A systematic evaluation of the stepwise improved formulas through nonlinear fitting showed that the coefficient of determination(R^(2))increased from 0.223 to 0.803,elucidating the fundamental reason why conventional approaches fail in quantitative prediction.These formulae were further embedded as physical constraints into a physics-informed neural network(PINN),which further enhanced the predictive performance,with the proposed formula achieving a peak R^(2)of 0.946.The results highlight that robust data fitting alone is insufficient;the decisive factor for the success of PINN lies in whether the embedded formula faithfully reflects the underlying physical mechanisms.When applied to polyamide 6 reinforced with glass fiber(PA6-GF),the Formula-constrained PINN maintained a high level of accuracy(R^(2)=0.916),demonstrating its strong cross-system generalizability.In summary,this work establishes a robust hybrid physics-machine learning framework that combines high accuracy with transferability for predicting the thermal-oxidative aging behavior of composite material systems.展开更多
Bathymetric measurement of shallow water is of fundamental importance to coastal environment research and resource management.However,there are still great challenges in estimating water depth using satellite observat...Bathymetric measurement of shallow water is of fundamental importance to coastal environment research and resource management.However,there are still great challenges in estimating water depth using satellite observations in turbid coastal waters.In this paper,we developed a physicsenhanced deep neural network to estimate bathymetry of highly turbid waters of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary from dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images.Sentinel-1A/B SAR images with a spatial resolution of 20 m×22 m were collected and matched with water depth data from nautical charts during 2017-2023.For the input parameters of the model,in addition to the normalized radar backscatter cross section(NRCS)at single polarization and incidence angle,the impacts of both polarimetric characteristics and physical environmental factors on model performance were discussed in detail.Results of feature importance analysis and sensitivity experiments indicate that the polarization ratio and NRCS after removing the influence of background sea surface wind field make significant contributions to the bathymetry retrieval model.The root mean square error(RMSE)of SAR derived water depth decreases from 1.44 to 0.78 m within 0-30-m depth,and the mean relative error(MRE)is reduced from 15.6%to 8.6%.Compared with other machine learning models such as ResNet,XGBoost,and Random Forest,the MRE is reduced by 3.9%,5.7%,and 7.4%,respectively.The spatial distribution of SAR derived water depth also exhibits a high degree of consistency with observations,demonstrating the great potential of the model in estimating the depth of turbid shallow waters.展开更多
Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have rev...Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Key R&D Projects in Hunan Province(2021SK2047,2022NK2044)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022WZ1022)Superior Youth Project of the Science Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(22B0211)。
文摘The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are required in the process of plant supplementing light,arrow-band emitting phosphors are applied to backlight displays,etc.In this work,a Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor was obtained in a symmetrical and co mpact crystal structure of Gd3Sb07(GSO).Then,the co-doping strategy of alkali metal ions(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(+))was used to optimize the performance.The result shows that the photoluminescence intensity is increased by 2.1 times and 1.3 times respectively by introducing Li~+and K^(+)ions.Not only that,it also achieves narrow-band emitting with the full width of half-maximum(FWHM)reaching 42 nm through Na^(+)doping,and its excitation peak position also shifts from 322 to 375 nm,which can be well excited by near-ultraviolet(NUV)light emitting diode(LED)chips(365 nm).Meanwhile,the electroluminescence spectrum of GSO:0.6 mol%Bi^(3+),3 wt%Na^(+)matches up to 93.39%of the blue part of the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a.In summary,the Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor reported in this work can synchronously meet the requirements of plant light replenishment and field emission displays.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Biomechanical Mechanism of Tendon Off-position and Joint Subluxation and Manual Treatment for Adolescent Neck Pain(No.82374467)the Research on the Mechanism of Manipulation to Regulate Internalizing Integrin and its Downstream Focal Adhesion Kinase/Ras Homolog Gene Family Member A/Rho-associated Coiled-coil Containing Protein Kinase 1 Signaling Pathway to Repair Chronic Skeletal Muscle Injury(No.82374481)the Mechanism of Huaizhen Nourishing the Liver Capsule to Maintain the Balance of Knee Joint from the Coupling and Interaction of Skeletal Muscle-subchondral Bone Dynamics Rresponse(No.81704103)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To confirm the effectiveness and safety of Shi's manipulation in treating acute and subacute neck pain patients.METHODS:This multicenter,positive controlled,randomized clinical trial has trial and control groups.There were 240 patients randomly assigned to the trial group and the control group,and both groups received their respective intervention treatment methods for a period of 12 weeks.The time windows for clinical data collection were before treatment,immediately after treatment,3-d 1,2,4,8,and 12-week after treatment,and follow-up was conducted at 26 and 52-week after treatment.The observed indicators used include primary outcome index and secondary outcome index,with the primary outcome index being the assessment of neck pain severity,which is evaluated by patients using Numerical Rating Scale(NRS).Secondary secondary outcome index include,(a)cervical dysfunction index,measured by patients using the Neck Disability Index(NDI)for self-assessment;(b)Cervical activity measurement,measured through the cervical range of motion measurement program on Android mobile system;(c)Satisfaction treatment assessment,determined by the patient's self-evaluation;(d)Safety index,recorded the incidence of adverse reactions and adverse event.Results:The results showed that these efficacy indices were improved in different degrees in both groups.At immediate after intervention,there was significant difference in NRS,NDI,Cervical Range of Motion(ROM)between the two groups(P<0.01),the trial group was superior to the control group.At 3-d after intervention,there was significant difference in NRS,NDI,ROM between the two groups(P<0.01).At 1-week and 2-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI and ROM between the two groups(P<0.01).At 4-week and 6-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI,ROM between the two groups(P<0.05).At 8-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI,lateral-bending and axial-rotation ROM between the two groups(P<0.05).At 12-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI between the two groups(P<0.01).At 26-week and 52-week after intervention,there was significant difference in NDI,NRS between the two groups(P<0.01).In addition,the adverse reaction of trial group is significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction of patients in the trial group was better than that in the control group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that Shi's manipulation can be a good complementary treatment option in patients with acute and subacute neck pain.
基金supported and funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101079)the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2023836)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(SQ2023YFC2400025).
文摘As the integration of medical big data and artificial intelligence advances,the secure sharing of medical data has become a key driving force for advancing disease research and clinical diagnosis.Federated learning,a distributed approach enabling collaborative data processing without sharing raw data,offers promising solutions to challenges in multi-center medical data sharing.This review summarizes the progress of federated learning in multi-center medical data processing,analyzed from four perspectives:system architectures,data distribution strategies,clinical tasks,and algorithmic models.At the same time,this paper explores the challenges in practical applications,such as data heterogeneity,communication overhead,and privacy concerns.It proposes driving future research development by optimizing algorithms,strengthening privacy protection mechanisms,and enhancing computational efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.NSFC 82273405,and 81972306)supported partly by the Guangxi Nature Sciences grants(Grant No.2018GXNSFAA138028)the Guangxi Medical University Training Program for Distinguished Young Scholars.
文摘Objective:Hyper-progression recurrence(HPR)after hepatectomy is a specific recurrence pattern associated with extremely poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This study was aimed at investigating the probable risk factors and establishing comprehensive models for formulating clinical strategies.Methods:Overall,16,158 patients with HCC from 8 hospitals were screened,among whom 3,125 patients who underwent R0 resection were included,and divided into development(n=2,113)and validation(n=1,012)cohorts.A comprehensive study of HPR predictive models and biological features was conducted.Results:Among the 3,125 enrolled patients,506(16.19%)developed HPR.The influence of HPR on extremely poor prognosis was reflected by recurrence features,adverse effects on systemic and liver function,and limited therapeutic options.Nine variables closely associated with HPR were identified,and incorporated into nomogram and conditional inference tree models,which successfully achieved pre-and post-operative HPR risk stratification and facilitated clinical decision-making.Multi-dimensional verification also confirmed the predictive accuracy of model combinations and their reliability in clinical applications.Furthermore,biological analyses revealed that HCCs with HPR exhibited hyperactive biological processes,inactive metabolism,and immune exhaustion features,together with high MYCN/HMGA2 co-expression,thereby enhancing understanding of the molecular events leading to HPR and providing valuable knowledge for HPR management.Conclusions:HPR after hepatectomy is associated with extremely poor prognosis and requires substantial attention.We constructed comprehensive predictive models and propose a clinical strategy for guiding HPR prevention and management.
基金partly supported by the Yan’an University Qin Chuanyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Special Fund,No.2023KXJ-012(to YL)Yan’an University Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Fund,No.2023CGZH-001(to YL)+2 种基金College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,Nos.D2023158,202410719056(to XS,JM)Yan’an University Production and Cultivation Project,No.CXY202001(to YL)Kweichow Moutai Hospital Research and Talent Development Fund Project,No.MTyk2022-25(to XO)。
文摘The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.
基金Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(23JCYBJC00040)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175369)。
文摘The TiB+TiC dual-reinforced B_(4)C/TC4 composite was in-situ fabricated via incorporating 0.5wt%B_(4)C reinforcement during the laser melting deposition process.Different heat treatments of annealing and solid solution were used to regulate the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion properties of B_(4)C/TC4 composite.Results show that with the increase in temperature from 500℃to 800°C,partial lamellarα-Ti in the as-deposited sample is gradually transformed into equiaxedα-Ti,accompanied by the disappearance of basketweave microstructure.At 1100°C,a small portion of TiC phase suffers fusion.This composite exhibits the optimal combination of strength and plasticity after annealing at 500℃for 4 h followed by furnace cooling,which is attributed to the stress release effect and the refined basketweave microstructure.However,this composite shows a decline in corrosion resistance after various heat treatments due to grain coarsening and micro-galvanic corrosion.
文摘Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.
基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2023B0909020004)Project of Innovation Research Team in Zhongshan(CXTD2023006)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515011573)Zhongshan Social Welfare Science and Technology Research Project(2024B2022)。
文摘Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is highly suitable for forming 18Ni300 mold steel,thanks to its excellent capability in manufacturing complex shapes and outstanding capacity for regulating microstructures.It is widely used in fields such as injection molding,die casting,and stamping dies.Adding reinforcing particles into steel is an effective means to improve its performance.Nb/18Ni300 composites were fabricated by LPBF using two kinds of Nb powders with different particle sizes,and their microstructures and properties were studied.The results show that the unmelted Nb particles are uniformly distributed in the 18Ni300 matrix and the grains are refined,which is particularly pronounced with fine Nb particles.In addition,element diffusion occurs between the particles and the matrix.The main phases of the base alloy are α-Fe and a small amount of γ-Fe.With the addition of Nb,part of the α-Fe is transformed into γ-Fe,and unmelted Nb phases appear.The addition of Nb also enhances the hardness and wear resistance of the composites but slightly reduces their tensile properties.After aging treatment,the molten pools and grain boundaries become blurred,grains are further refined,and the interfaces around the particles are thinned.The aging treatment also promotes the formation of reverted austenite.The hardness,ultimate tensile strength,and volumetric wear rate of the base alloy reach 51.9 HRC,1704 MPa,and 17.8×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m),respectively.In contrast,the sample added with fine Nb particles has the highest hardness(56.1 HRC),ultimate tensile strength(1892 MPa)and yield strength(1842 MPa),and the volume wear rate of the sample added with coarse Nb particles is reduced by 90%to 1.7×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m).
文摘[Objectives]To provide a reference for the efficient use of wild Paeonia suffruticosa germplasm resources and the scientific selection of parents.[Methods]This study systematically evaluated cross-compatibility by conducting interspecific crosses among the major wild species subsect.Delavayanae(Paeonia delavayi,Paeonia lutea,Paeonia potaninii,and Paeonia ludlowii)as well as reciprocal crosses between these species and cultivated varieties from the subsect.Vaginatae.[Results]Crosses among P.delavayi,P.lutea,and P.potaninii generally exhibited good seed set,with the resulting seeds showing a high emergence rate.In contrast,crosses involving P.ludlowii as a parent produced only a limited number of seeds,none of which germinated.In crosses with cultivated varieties where the wild species served as the maternal parent,the average seed set ranked as follows:P.lutea>P.delavayi>P.ludlowii>P.potaninii.When wild species were used as paternal parent,the average seed set ranked as follows:P.potaninii>P.lutea>P.delavayi>P.ludlowii.On the whole,most crosses between wild species of subsect.Delavayanae and cultivated varieties achieved normal seed set,demonstrating a certain degree of cross-compatibility.However,when the wild species served as the maternal parent,both the seed set and seedling emergence rate were superior to those in the reciprocal crosses(with wild species as the paternal parent).[Conclusions]Significant differences in cross-compatibility were observed among species within Paeonia subsect.Delavayanae.In addition,a significant maternal effect was identified in crosses between wild species of this subsection and cultivated varieties.These findings suggest that by selecting highly compatible combinations,there remains considerable potential for utilizing these wild species in peony breeding.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China Railway Group Co.,Ltd,grant number P2024X002the China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,grant number 2024YJ154.
文摘Purpose-This study investigates the impact of flagship trains on high-speed railway capacity utilization and develops a brand value-oriented optimization framework that balances service quality enhancement with operational efficiency.Design/methodology/approach-A mathematical optimization model based on integer programming is developed,incorporating flagship train constraints into capacity optimization.Case studies compare scenarios with and without flagship train considerations using the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway data across 20 experimental groups.Findings-Operating flagship trains with hourly departure constraints results in an average decrease of 0.9 trains and an 8.4%reduction in capacity utilization rate.When scheduling 2 flagship trains within a 2-h timeframe,capacity utilization decreases from 86.43%to 83.73%,quantifying the trade-off between brand positioning and operational capacity.Originality/value-This research provides the first quantitative framework for brand value-oriented railway capacity optimization,establishing clear definitions for flagship trains and mathematical foundations for evaluating service quality versus efficiency trade-offs.The findings offer practical decision support for railway operators balancing competitive positioning with capacity maximization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271247)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240181)+4 种基金the Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center(2023-ZM01D001)the National Aerospace Science Foundation of China(20220055052001)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Fund of Prospective Layout of Scientific Research for Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronauticsthe Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics),Ministry of Education。
文摘In this paper,the joint design of transmit and receive beamformers for transmit subaperturing multiple-input-multiple-output(TS-MIMO)radar is investigated,aiming to enhance its low probability of intercept(LPI)capability.The main objective is to simultaneously minimize the transmission power,suppress the transmit sidelobe levels,and minimize the probability of intercept,thus bolstering the LPI performance of the radar system while maintaining the desired target detection performance.An alternative optimization method is proposed to jointly optimize the transmit and receive beamformers,yielding an unified LPI optimization framework.Particularly,the proposed iterative algorithm based on the Lagrange duality theory for transmit beamforming is more efficient than the conventional convex optimization method.Numerical experiments highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach in sidelobe suppression and computational efficiency.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378181).
文摘The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared through the high pressure pyrolysis of mesophase coal tar pitch.It is found that the 3D interconnected cellular pores of MPCF facilitate multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves,which results in the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of MPCF reaches-37.84 dB with the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.44 GHz at a thickness of 2.70 mm,and the total average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE_(T))under 3.00 mm thickness achieves 26.52 dB in X-band.Subsequently,MPCF is activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon foam(A-MPCF).The average SE_(T)of A-MPCF achieves 103.00 dB for abundant nanopores on the pore cell walls,which leads to a transition from the multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves on the walls to diffuse reflection.Unfortunately,the reflection coefficient(R)of A-MPCF increases from 0.78 to 0.90.To reduce the R value,Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was fabricated via the in situ growth of nano Fe_(3)O_(4)on A-MPCF.Consequently,the R value of Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was reduced from 0.90 to 0.74,whereas the MWA performance was only slightly decreased.This work proposes a simple strategy for simultaneously adjusting MWA and EMI shielding performances of materials.
基金Supported by Open Fund Project of the Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants of Fujian(PP202003).
文摘This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides an in-depth analysis and summary of the effects of biological factors,environmental conditions,agronomic practices,processing methods,and continuous cropping obstacles on the synthesis of P.heterophylla saponins,as well as their underlying mechanisms.Based on identified gaps in the current literature,future research directions and prospects are proposed.The findings of this review offer valuable insights for advancing the understanding of the saponin biosynthesis mechanisms in P.heterophylla and for enhancing its quality.
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372160,42072172)。
文摘The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172890 and 32002315)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0711004)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(YQ2022C042)the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Foundation of China(SKLVBF202208)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF,China(GZC20233062)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs,China(NCTIP-XD/C09)。
文摘NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),which first appeared in China in 2017,is currently one of the main epidemic strains in China.In this study,we found that a new variant of NADC34-like PRRSV evolved,named the L1A variant.The phylogenetics,epidemic status,and pathogenicity of the LA variants were subsequently comprehensively evaluated.Based on the results of the ORF5 phylogenetic analysis,the L1A variants were classified as NADC34-like PPRSV.All the strains had the same discontinuous 131-aa deletion in the NSP2 region(similar to that in the NADC30).Recombination analysis revealed that the L1A variants were recombinant viruses that contained an NADC30-like PRRSV skeleton,a nonstructural protein-encoding gene region obtained in part from JXA1-like PRRSV and a ORF2-ORF6 gene region partly obtained from NADC34-like PRRSV and that exhibited similar recombination patterns.We successfully isolated the L1A variant TZJ2756 from PAMs and Marc-145 cells.In animal experiments,TZJ2756 exhibited moderate pathogenicity in piglets,causing obvious clinical symptoms,namely,persistent fever,significantly reduced body weight,interstitial edema and severe interstitial pneumonia in the lungs,and prolonged high-load viremia.L1A variants have been detected in at least 12 provinces in China and share many similar epidemiological characteristics with the American L1C variant.This research will enhance our understanding of the prevalence of L1A variants and furnish valuable data for the ongoing monitoring of NADC34-like PRRSV in China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2023YFC2809101)the Laoshan Laboratory Technology Innovation Project(No.LSKJ202202301)。
文摘Arctic sea ice concentration(SIC)prediction on a subseasonal scale plays an important role in polar navigation.To reduce the high uncertainty of daily forecasts,three time series prediction models are combined with empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition to forecast Arctic pentad-mean SIC,where each month is divided into six pentad-means–the first five each span five days,and the last encompasses the remaining days,which may vary in length.The models were trained on SIC data from 1989 to2018 and tested from 2019 to 2023,with lead times ranging from 1 to 12 pentad-means.Model skill was evaluated based on SIC spatial patterns,sea ice area(SIA),and the sea ice edge in September from 2019 to 2023.The moving-averaged 2-m temperature helps reduce the long short-term memory model's error in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas.Based on the models'scores for each EOF time series,weighted ensemble prediction results were obtained.These results outperform two benchmark models across all lead times.In addition,the ensemble prediction better reproduces the seasonal cycle of the SIA,with relative errors ranging from 1.04%to 3.85%.The predicted September ice edge closely matches observations,with binary accuracy consistently above 90%.Forecast models show the lowest errors in the central Arctic,while relatively higher errors appear in the Barents and Kara Seas.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22473032)。
文摘Accelerated aging tests are widely used to rapidly evaluate the durability of materials,of which thermal-oxidative aging is the most common approach.To quantitatively predict the effects of multiple coupled factors,this study takes polyamide66 reinforced with glass fiber(PA66-GF)as a model system and proposed a high-precision paradigm for coupled thermal-oxidative aging.By integrating Arrhenius-type reaction kinetics with oxygen diffusion,a predictive formula that holistically captures the nonlinear synergistic effects of multiple factors was developed,thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional single-variable models.A systematic evaluation of the stepwise improved formulas through nonlinear fitting showed that the coefficient of determination(R^(2))increased from 0.223 to 0.803,elucidating the fundamental reason why conventional approaches fail in quantitative prediction.These formulae were further embedded as physical constraints into a physics-informed neural network(PINN),which further enhanced the predictive performance,with the proposed formula achieving a peak R^(2)of 0.946.The results highlight that robust data fitting alone is insufficient;the decisive factor for the success of PINN lies in whether the embedded formula faithfully reflects the underlying physical mechanisms.When applied to polyamide 6 reinforced with glass fiber(PA6-GF),the Formula-constrained PINN maintained a high level of accuracy(R^(2)=0.916),demonstrating its strong cross-system generalizability.In summary,this work establishes a robust hybrid physics-machine learning framework that combines high accuracy with transferability for predicting the thermal-oxidative aging behavior of composite material systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2261149752,41976163,42476172)。
文摘Bathymetric measurement of shallow water is of fundamental importance to coastal environment research and resource management.However,there are still great challenges in estimating water depth using satellite observations in turbid coastal waters.In this paper,we developed a physicsenhanced deep neural network to estimate bathymetry of highly turbid waters of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary from dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images.Sentinel-1A/B SAR images with a spatial resolution of 20 m×22 m were collected and matched with water depth data from nautical charts during 2017-2023.For the input parameters of the model,in addition to the normalized radar backscatter cross section(NRCS)at single polarization and incidence angle,the impacts of both polarimetric characteristics and physical environmental factors on model performance were discussed in detail.Results of feature importance analysis and sensitivity experiments indicate that the polarization ratio and NRCS after removing the influence of background sea surface wind field make significant contributions to the bathymetry retrieval model.The root mean square error(RMSE)of SAR derived water depth decreases from 1.44 to 0.78 m within 0-30-m depth,and the mean relative error(MRE)is reduced from 15.6%to 8.6%.Compared with other machine learning models such as ResNet,XGBoost,and Random Forest,the MRE is reduced by 3.9%,5.7%,and 7.4%,respectively.The spatial distribution of SAR derived water depth also exhibits a high degree of consistency with observations,demonstrating the great potential of the model in estimating the depth of turbid shallow waters.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515030045(to HS)Presidential Foundation of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University,No.yzjj2022ms4(to HS)。
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.
