This study investigates the collaborative optimization of upgrading,retrofitting,and maintaining large offshore oil extraction equipment.It examines the key challenges and interdependencies inherent in these processes...This study investigates the collaborative optimization of upgrading,retrofitting,and maintaining large offshore oil extraction equipment.It examines the key challenges and interdependencies inherent in these processes and proposes integrated solutions,including sensor-network-based monitoring and digital twin-driven management platforms.The findings demonstrate notable improvements in operational efficiency and reductions in equipment downtime,underscoring both the economic and safety benefits of the proposed approach and providing a reference framework for future optimization strategies in offshore engineering.展开更多
The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial p...The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial probiotic proper‑ties to protect yaks from intestinal diseases.After 16S rDNA matching,four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum(A4),Pediococcus pentosaceus(A3.4 and A1.2),and Pediococcus acidilactici(B1.9)were isolated from the intestinal tissues and content of healthy yaks.The results indicated that A4 was more tolerant to bile salt(0.3%),while A3.4 had better stability in an acidic(pH=3.0)environment.The results of the antibacterial activity test suggested that the isolates inhibited most pathogenic bacteria by up to 20%,except for A3.4,which inhibited Pasteurella and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 20%.Moreover,the results of the antioxidant test demonstrated that A4 and A3.4 had potent antioxidant activity.In addition,the drug sensitivity test revealed that the isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics.In terms of safety,the isolates promoted growth,enhanced intestinal development,and protected the intestinal barrier without causing any adverse effects.In conclusion,LAB isolated from yak intestinal contents are potential probiotics with excellent antibacterial properties.展开更多
In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applic...In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applications.We proposed the thermal-percolation electrical-resistive TIM incorporating binary fillers of both insulating and metallic nanowires with an orientation in the insulating polymer matrix.High thermal conductivity can be achieved through thermal percolation,while electrical non-conductivity is preserved by carefully controlling the electrical percolation threshold through metallic nanowire orientation.The electrical conductivity of the composite can be further regulated by adjusting the orientation and aspect ratio of the metallic fillers.A thermal conductivity of 10 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)is achieved,with electrical non-conductive behavior preserved.This approach offers a pathway to realizing“thermal-percolation electrical-resistive”in hybrid TIMs,providing a strategic framework for designing high-performance TIMs.展开更多
Organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells that recapitulate the gene expression profiles and functional characteristics of their tissue of origin,rendering them invaluable tools for disease mo...Organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells that recapitulate the gene expression profiles and functional characteristics of their tissue of origin,rendering them invaluable tools for disease modeling,drug screening,and precision medicine.Despite their promise,the widespread application of organoids is limited by extended culture durations and technical complexity.Cryopreservation has emerged as a critical strategy to overcome challenges related to the long-term storage and application of organoids,offering a range of preservation approaches tailored to organoid development.Nevertheless,conventional cryopreservation techniques encounter significant limitations when applied to organoids.To address these issues,the development of naturally derived,low-toxicity Cryoprotectants(CPAs),along with the optimization of CPA loading methods and refinement of cooling and warming protocols,is essential to mitigate cryoinjury.Looking forward,the comprehensive enhancement of cryopreservation technologies may facilitate the transformation of organoids into“off-the-shelf”products,enabling scalable production,batch standardization,and centralized distribution.Such advancements will lay the foundation for the establishment of Next-Generation Living Biobanks(NGLB).展开更多
Due to their high-entropy effects,the high-entropy(HE)MAX-phase materials improve the comprehen-sive performance of MAX phases,opening up more possibilities for practical engineering applications.However,it is still c...Due to their high-entropy effects,the high-entropy(HE)MAX-phase materials improve the comprehen-sive performance of MAX phases,opening up more possibilities for practical engineering applications.However,it is still challenging to obtain S-containing high-entropy MAX phases because of the high volatilization behavior of sulfur,suffering from issues such as high reaction temperature and long re-action time of traditional synthesis methods.This paper proposes a novel process named as liquid metal assistant self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(LMA-SHS)for efficient synthesis of high-purity S-containing high-entropy MAX-phase materials.Low-melting-point metal(Sn or In)has been introduced into the raw mixture and melted into a liquid phase during the early stage of the SHS reaction.By serv-ing as a“binder”between transition metal atoms of the M-site due to the negative mixing enthalpy,this liquid phase can accelerate mass and heat transfer during the SHS process,ensuring a uniform solid solution of each element and realizing the synthesis of high-purity(TiNbVZr)_(2)SC in an extremely short time.The synthesis method for high-entropy MAX-phase materials developed in this study,i.e.,LMA-SHS,showing very short reaction time,low energy consumption,high yield,and low cost,has the promise to be a general energy-and resource-efficient route towards high-purity HE materials.展开更多
Field development practices in many shale gas regions(e.g.,the Changning region)have revealed a persistent issue of suboptimal reserve utilization,particularly in areas where the effective drainage width of production...Field development practices in many shale gas regions(e.g.,the Changning region)have revealed a persistent issue of suboptimal reserve utilization,particularly in areas where the effective drainage width of production wells is less than half the inter-well spacing(typically 400-500 m).To address this,infill drilling has become a widely adopted and effective strategy for enhancing reservoir contact andmobilizing previously untapped reserves.However,this approach has introduced significant inter-well interference,complicating production dynamics and performance evaluation.The two primary challenges hindering efficient deployment of infill wells are:(1)the quantitative assessment of hydraulic and pressure connectivity between infill wells and their associated parent wells,and(2)the accurate estimation of platform-scale Estimated Ultimate Recovery(EUR)following infill implementation.This study presents a novel framework to quantify inter-well connectivity by deriving a material balance equation tailored for shale gas infill well groups,explicitly incorporating gas adsorption and desorption mechanisms.The model simultaneously evaluates formation pressure evolution and crossflow behavior between wells,offering a robust analytical basis for performance prediction.For infill wells intersecting the drainage boundaries of parent wells,EUR is estimated using an analytical model developed for multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells.Meanwhile,the EUR of the parent wells is obtained by summing their pre-infill EUR with the final inter-well crossflow contribution.展开更多
As the size of transistors shrinks and power density increases,thermal simulation has become an indispensable part of the device design procedure.However,existing works for advanced technology transistors use simplifi...As the size of transistors shrinks and power density increases,thermal simulation has become an indispensable part of the device design procedure.However,existing works for advanced technology transistors use simplified empirical models to calculate effective thermal conductivity in the simulations.In this work,we present a dataset of size-dependent effective thermal conductivity with electron and phonon properties extracted from ab initio computations.Absolute in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity data of eight semiconducting materials(Si,Ge,GaN,AlN,4H-SiC,GaAs,InAs,BAs)and four metallic materials(Al,W,TiN,Ti)with the characteristic length ranging from 5 nm to 50 nm have been provided.Besides the absolute value,normalized effective thermal conductivity is also given,in case it needs to be used with updated bulk thermal conductivity in the future.展开更多
Strategic fluorination of solvent,a prominent strategy to enhance the electrolyte oxidation resistance and engineer a robust cathode-electrolyte interface,is crucial for realizing high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.Ac...Strategic fluorination of solvent,a prominent strategy to enhance the electrolyte oxidation resistance and engineer a robust cathode-electrolyte interface,is crucial for realizing high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.Actually,the adaptability of fluorinated solvents to high voltages is critically determined by the degree of fluorination and the fluorination site,yet lacks systematic design principles.Herein,we introduce a solvent screening descriptor based on ionization energy and Fukui function to assess molecular and site-specific reactivity.Computational and experimental results demonstrate that an optimal solvent with low ground-state energies and reactive sites is required as an ideal candidate for high-voltage electrolytes.Among derivatives from anisole,(trifluoromethoxy)benzene is identified as a superior candidate,enabling the formulation of a low reactivity solution(LPT)as electrolyte.Remarkably,the prepared Li‖LCO cell using LPT electrolyte maintained a high-capacity retention of 78.8%after 600 cycles at 4.5 V.In addition,the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase from LPT electrolyte effectively suppresses structural degradation to ensure a fast dynamic behavior.The utilization of LPT electrolyte also greatly reduces the amount of heat released and the production of O_(2)gas,which is favorable for addressing thermal runaway hazards.This screening strategy offers a practical approach for the design of flame-retardant high-voltage electrolytes.展开更多
In recent decades,optical micro/nano manipulation has made remarkable strides in the fields of biology and the physical sciences,benefiting from both theoretical and experimental advances in optical forces.The emergen...In recent decades,optical micro/nano manipulation has made remarkable strides in the fields of biology and the physical sciences,benefiting from both theoretical and experimental advances in optical forces.The emergence of optical torques has further enhanced the capabilities and possibilities of optical micro/nano manipulation,opening the door to exciting new applications.In this review,we delve into the fundamentals and recent breakthroughs in the realm of optical micro/nano manipulation using optical torques.We introduce the advancements in optical manipulation based on optical torques from engineered light fields and objects,and highlight the latest developments in applying optical torques to cutting-edge physical and biological scenarios,with a special emphasis on the detection and manipulation of biological structures.Finally,we conclude by outlining our vision for the current and future directions of this field,including the integration of optical torque and micro/nano technologies,the utilization of special light fields,and the development of deeplearning-assisted optical torque design.展开更多
Traceability is the fundamental premise of all metrological activities. The establishment of a traceability chain characterized by a shortened structure, while simultaneously enabling on-site traceability, represents ...Traceability is the fundamental premise of all metrological activities. The establishment of a traceability chain characterized by a shortened structure, while simultaneously enabling on-site traceability, represents a key trend in the advancement of metrology. This study explores the periodic accuracy and overall uniformity of self-traceable gratings, employing multilayer film gratings with a nominal period of 25.00 nm as the medium. We present a comparative analysis of measurement capabilities in a self-traceable grating calibration system characterized by a ‘top-down’ calibration approach and a Si lattice constant calibration system characterized by a ‘bottom-up’ calibration approach. The results indicate that the values obtained for the multilayer film grating periods, calibrated using the self-traceable grating system, are 24.40 nm with a standard deviation of 0.11 nm. By comparing with the values derived from the Si lattice constant, which yield 24.34 nm with a standard deviation of 0.14 nm, the validity and feasibility of the self-traceable calibration system are confirmed. This system extends and complements existing metrological frameworks, offering a precise pathway for traceability in precision engineering and nanotechnology research.展开更多
Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（H...Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（HMTBa）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in broiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All birds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTBa）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in birds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTBa）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the benefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTBa）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tibia Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. Birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to birds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTBa）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were observed between Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tibia Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was observed between the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in birds fed ZnSO4. H20, but had less impact in birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2. No difference was observed between the two organic zinc sources These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chelated organic Zn is better utilized than inorganic zinc in the presence of elevated Cu.展开更多
Calcium titanate doped with praseodymium was prepared through solid state reaction and it exhibited intense red emission at 612 nm. Phosphors were characterized for photoluminescence, thermo-luminescence and afterglow...Calcium titanate doped with praseodymium was prepared through solid state reaction and it exhibited intense red emission at 612 nm. Phosphors were characterized for photoluminescence, thermo-luminescence and afterglow emissions. Study of effects of rare earths on photoluminescence as well as afterglow intensity was reported. Presence of gadolinium enhanced luminescence. Presence of some monovalent ions enhanced both afterglow and photoluminescence emission. Thermo-luminescence glow curves were analyzed and ...展开更多
Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils...Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves, Edible parts of vegetables （fruits and/or leaves） accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetie acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.展开更多
Four microorganism strains were isolated from coastal petroleum-polluted soil and sand samples of Bohai Sea oilfield; they were found to degrade marine oil spills effectively. The experimental results show that the de...Four microorganism strains were isolated from coastal petroleum-polluted soil and sand samples of Bohai Sea oilfield; they were found to degrade marine oil spills effectively. The experimental results show that the degradation efficiency of crude oil with these four strains （XT-4, SZ-1-25, B-4-9, BS-3-12） is 95.97%, 96.01%, 97.99% and 98.99%, respectively, in their optimum conditions. The characteristics of bacterial biodegradation are investigated. The simulation biotreatment of oil-contaminated beach sand, with an initial oil content of 5,664mg/kg-dry-sand, shows that the residual oil content is 2,700 mg/kg-dry-sand and 2,679 mg/kg-dry-sand after 170 days＇ treatment with two bacteria （B-4-9, BS-3- 12）, respectively.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the change patterns of reproductive hormones in serum of aging males and the difference among male age brackets and the prevalence rates of late onset of hypogonadism(LOH) in males in Chinese ...Objective:To investigate the change patterns of reproductive hormones in serum of aging males and the difference among male age brackets and the prevalence rates of late onset of hypogonadism(LOH) in males in Chinese middle and aging males. Methods:Subjects included 1,498 men aged 40 to 69 from a county,and the serum reproductive hormones of 434 subjects were measured and calculated.In addition,the prevalence rates of LOH were analyzed by cut-off point of total testosterone(TT) and free testosterone(cFT),and screening scales(a questionnaire of androgen deficiency in the aging males(ADAM) and a scale of aging males’ symptoms(AMS)).TT,cFT,bio-available testosterone (Bio-T),luteinizing hormone(LH),sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG),testosterone secretion index(TSI), free testosterone index(FTD,the positive rates of LOH screening,androgen deficiency rates and the clinical prevalence rates of LOH were measured or calculated. Results:The serum TT levels did not change significantly with male aging while serum LH and SHBG levels gradually increased,but cFT,Bio-T,TSI and FTI levels gradually decreased with male aging.There was very significant difference in other six parameters of reproductive hormones(P<0.01),except for serum TT among the four age brackets(P>0.05).There was no correlation between serum TT levels and aging,LH levels(P>0.05). However,there was significantly a positive correlation between serum LH,SHBG and age(P<0.01),while there were negative correlation between cFT,Bio-T,TSI,FTI and age,LH levels(P<0.01).Moreover,SHBG level was positively correlated with LH level(P<0.01). Utilizing the Questionnaire of ADAM and AMS to screen subjects aged 40 to 69 years,mean positive rates of LOH screening were 80.77%and 32.34%respectively.Mean androgen deficiency rates were 14.02%and 43.69% by using TT and cFT cut-off point.In addition,mean LOH clinical prevalence rates of subjects on positive questionnaire results were 37.85%and 15.42%. Conclusion:The serum TT levels did not change significantly with male aging while serum LH,SHBG,cFT, Bio-T,TSI and FTI levels had the gradient change with aging.On the basis of Chinese population,however,the positive rate of LOH screening,androgen deficiency rate and clinical prevalence rate of LOH were obviously higher than that those of the other foreign studies.展开更多
Loss of drilling fluids in large porous and fractured zones inevitably up-regulates the overall cost of drilling.As a type of acid-soluble cement,magnesium oxysulfate(MOS)cement is arousing huge attention for the less...Loss of drilling fluids in large porous and fractured zones inevitably up-regulates the overall cost of drilling.As a type of acid-soluble cement,magnesium oxysulfate(MOS)cement is arousing huge attention for the less hygroscopic nature and less damaging to steel casings compared with magnesium oxychloride(MOC)cement.The present study developed MOS cement as a fast setting,high strength and acid-soluble lost circulation material to reduce the problem of losses.As suggested in this study,a higher strength of MOS cement at 70℃could be achieved by elevating M_(g)O/MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O molar ratio or downregulating H_(2)O/MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O molar ratio.Boric acid and borax could act as effective retarders.Plugging slurry based on MOS cement could effectively block the simulated porous loss zones exhibiting a diameter from 1.24 mm to 1.55 mm,as well as the fractured loss zones with a width from 2 mm to 5 mm and bearing a pressure difference up to 8 MPa.Permeability recovery test demonstrated that it facilitated future oil and gas production.The successful field application in the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China verified the significant plugging effect of MOS cement for severe loss problems.展开更多
Results from 12 switchback field trials involving 1216 cows were combined to assess the effects of a protected B vitamin blend (BVB) upon milk yield (kg), fat percentage (%), protein %, fat yield (kg) and protein yiel...Results from 12 switchback field trials involving 1216 cows were combined to assess the effects of a protected B vitamin blend (BVB) upon milk yield (kg), fat percentage (%), protein %, fat yield (kg) and protein yield (kg) in primiparous and multiparous cows. Trials consisted of 3 test periods executed in the order control-test-control. No diet changes other than the inclusion of 3 grams/cow/ day of the BVB during the test period occurred. Means from the two control periods were compared to results obtained during the test period using a paired T test. Cows include in the analysis were between 45 and 300 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment and were continuously available for all periods. The provision of the BVB resulted in increased (P < 0.05) milk, fat %, protein %, fat yield and protein yield. Regression models showed that the amount of milk produced had no effect upon the magnitude of the increase in milk components. The increase in milk was greatest in early lactation and declined with DIM. Protein and fat % increased with DIM in mature cows, but not in first lactation cows. Differences in fat yields between test and control feeding periods did not change with DIM, but the improvement in protein yield in mature cows declined with DIM. These results indicate that the BVB provided economically important advantages throughout lactation, but expected results would vary with cow age and stage of lactation.展开更多
文摘This study investigates the collaborative optimization of upgrading,retrofitting,and maintaining large offshore oil extraction equipment.It examines the key challenges and interdependencies inherent in these processes and proposes integrated solutions,including sensor-network-based monitoring and digital twin-driven management platforms.The findings demonstrate notable improvements in operational efficiency and reductions in equipment downtime,underscoring both the economic and safety benefits of the proposed approach and providing a reference framework for future optimization strategies in offshore engineering.
基金supported by the Key Project of Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202001ZY0044NXZ202101ZD0002N-05).
文摘The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial probiotic proper‑ties to protect yaks from intestinal diseases.After 16S rDNA matching,four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum(A4),Pediococcus pentosaceus(A3.4 and A1.2),and Pediococcus acidilactici(B1.9)were isolated from the intestinal tissues and content of healthy yaks.The results indicated that A4 was more tolerant to bile salt(0.3%),while A3.4 had better stability in an acidic(pH=3.0)environment.The results of the antibacterial activity test suggested that the isolates inhibited most pathogenic bacteria by up to 20%,except for A3.4,which inhibited Pasteurella and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 20%.Moreover,the results of the antioxidant test demonstrated that A4 and A3.4 had potent antioxidant activity.In addition,the drug sensitivity test revealed that the isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics.In terms of safety,the isolates promoted growth,enhanced intestinal development,and protected the intestinal barrier without causing any adverse effects.In conclusion,LAB isolated from yak intestinal contents are potential probiotics with excellent antibacterial properties.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2022YFA1203-100)sponsorship by Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.24YF2713800)+2 种基金financial support from the Local College Capacity Building Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.20010500700)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1424300)Shanghai Shuguang Program(Grant No.22SG56)。
文摘In integrated circuit packaging,thermal interface materials(TIMs)must exhibit high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity to prevent short circuits,enhance reliability,and ensure safety in high-voltage applications.We proposed the thermal-percolation electrical-resistive TIM incorporating binary fillers of both insulating and metallic nanowires with an orientation in the insulating polymer matrix.High thermal conductivity can be achieved through thermal percolation,while electrical non-conductivity is preserved by carefully controlling the electrical percolation threshold through metallic nanowire orientation.The electrical conductivity of the composite can be further regulated by adjusting the orientation and aspect ratio of the metallic fillers.A thermal conductivity of 10 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)is achieved,with electrical non-conductive behavior preserved.This approach offers a pathway to realizing“thermal-percolation electrical-resistive”in hybrid TIMs,providing a strategic framework for designing high-performance TIMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076140).
文摘Organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells that recapitulate the gene expression profiles and functional characteristics of their tissue of origin,rendering them invaluable tools for disease modeling,drug screening,and precision medicine.Despite their promise,the widespread application of organoids is limited by extended culture durations and technical complexity.Cryopreservation has emerged as a critical strategy to overcome challenges related to the long-term storage and application of organoids,offering a range of preservation approaches tailored to organoid development.Nevertheless,conventional cryopreservation techniques encounter significant limitations when applied to organoids.To address these issues,the development of naturally derived,low-toxicity Cryoprotectants(CPAs),along with the optimization of CPA loading methods and refinement of cooling and warming protocols,is essential to mitigate cryoinjury.Looking forward,the comprehensive enhancement of cryopreservation technologies may facilitate the transformation of organoids into“off-the-shelf”products,enabling scalable production,batch standardization,and centralized distribution.Such advancements will lay the foundation for the establishment of Next-Generation Living Biobanks(NGLB).
基金supported by the Shanghai Local Capacity Building Program(No.23010500700)the Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.22DZ2291100)the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province,and the Open Project of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials.
文摘Due to their high-entropy effects,the high-entropy(HE)MAX-phase materials improve the comprehen-sive performance of MAX phases,opening up more possibilities for practical engineering applications.However,it is still challenging to obtain S-containing high-entropy MAX phases because of the high volatilization behavior of sulfur,suffering from issues such as high reaction temperature and long re-action time of traditional synthesis methods.This paper proposes a novel process named as liquid metal assistant self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(LMA-SHS)for efficient synthesis of high-purity S-containing high-entropy MAX-phase materials.Low-melting-point metal(Sn or In)has been introduced into the raw mixture and melted into a liquid phase during the early stage of the SHS reaction.By serv-ing as a“binder”between transition metal atoms of the M-site due to the negative mixing enthalpy,this liquid phase can accelerate mass and heat transfer during the SHS process,ensuring a uniform solid solution of each element and realizing the synthesis of high-purity(TiNbVZr)_(2)SC in an extremely short time.The synthesis method for high-entropy MAX-phase materials developed in this study,i.e.,LMA-SHS,showing very short reaction time,low energy consumption,high yield,and low cost,has the promise to be a general energy-and resource-efficient route towards high-purity HE materials.
文摘Field development practices in many shale gas regions(e.g.,the Changning region)have revealed a persistent issue of suboptimal reserve utilization,particularly in areas where the effective drainage width of production wells is less than half the inter-well spacing(typically 400-500 m).To address this,infill drilling has become a widely adopted and effective strategy for enhancing reservoir contact andmobilizing previously untapped reserves.However,this approach has introduced significant inter-well interference,complicating production dynamics and performance evaluation.The two primary challenges hindering efficient deployment of infill wells are:(1)the quantitative assessment of hydraulic and pressure connectivity between infill wells and their associated parent wells,and(2)the accurate estimation of platform-scale Estimated Ultimate Recovery(EUR)following infill implementation.This study presents a novel framework to quantify inter-well connectivity by deriving a material balance equation tailored for shale gas infill well groups,explicitly incorporating gas adsorption and desorption mechanisms.The model simultaneously evaluates formation pressure evolution and crossflow behavior between wells,offering a robust analytical basis for performance prediction.For infill wells intersecting the drainage boundaries of parent wells,EUR is estimated using an analytical model developed for multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells.Meanwhile,the EUR of the parent wells is obtained by summing their pre-infill EUR with the final inter-well crossflow contribution.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Project from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2022YFA1203100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52122606)the funding from Shanghai Polytechnic University.
文摘As the size of transistors shrinks and power density increases,thermal simulation has become an indispensable part of the device design procedure.However,existing works for advanced technology transistors use simplified empirical models to calculate effective thermal conductivity in the simulations.In this work,we present a dataset of size-dependent effective thermal conductivity with electron and phonon properties extracted from ab initio computations.Absolute in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity data of eight semiconducting materials(Si,Ge,GaN,AlN,4H-SiC,GaAs,InAs,BAs)and four metallic materials(Al,W,TiN,Ti)with the characteristic length ranging from 5 nm to 50 nm have been provided.Besides the absolute value,normalized effective thermal conductivity is also given,in case it needs to be used with updated bulk thermal conductivity in the future.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22522814,22278378,and 52402318)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDQ24E030001 and LQN25E020003)Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(22212011-Y and 24212149-Y).
文摘Strategic fluorination of solvent,a prominent strategy to enhance the electrolyte oxidation resistance and engineer a robust cathode-electrolyte interface,is crucial for realizing high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.Actually,the adaptability of fluorinated solvents to high voltages is critically determined by the degree of fluorination and the fluorination site,yet lacks systematic design principles.Herein,we introduce a solvent screening descriptor based on ionization energy and Fukui function to assess molecular and site-specific reactivity.Computational and experimental results demonstrate that an optimal solvent with low ground-state energies and reactive sites is required as an ideal candidate for high-voltage electrolytes.Among derivatives from anisole,(trifluoromethoxy)benzene is identified as a superior candidate,enabling the formulation of a low reactivity solution(LPT)as electrolyte.Remarkably,the prepared Li‖LCO cell using LPT electrolyte maintained a high-capacity retention of 78.8%after 600 cycles at 4.5 V.In addition,the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase from LPT electrolyte effectively suppresses structural degradation to ensure a fast dynamic behavior.The utilization of LPT electrolyte also greatly reduces the amount of heat released and the production of O_(2)gas,which is favorable for addressing thermal runaway hazards.This screening strategy offers a practical approach for the design of flame-retardant high-voltage electrolytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62192770,62305252,62205246,62020106009,62192771,61925504)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0615604 and 2023YFF0613600)+6 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21JC1406100)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX0100)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22ZR1432400)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research,and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.D.P.T.acknowledges National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62375232)University Grants Committee/Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China[Project No.AoE/P-502/20,CRF Project:C5031-22G and C1015-21E,GRF Project:CityU15303521CityU11305223,and Germany/Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme:GCityU101/22]City University of Hong Kong[Project No.9380131,9610628,and 7005867].
文摘In recent decades,optical micro/nano manipulation has made remarkable strides in the fields of biology and the physical sciences,benefiting from both theoretical and experimental advances in optical forces.The emergence of optical torques has further enhanced the capabilities and possibilities of optical micro/nano manipulation,opening the door to exciting new applications.In this review,we delve into the fundamentals and recent breakthroughs in the realm of optical micro/nano manipulation using optical torques.We introduce the advancements in optical manipulation based on optical torques from engineered light fields and objects,and highlight the latest developments in applying optical torques to cutting-edge physical and biological scenarios,with a special emphasis on the detection and manipulation of biological structures.Finally,we conclude by outlining our vision for the current and future directions of this field,including the integration of optical torque and micro/nano technologies,the utilization of special light fields,and the development of deeplearning-assisted optical torque design.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61925504 and 52475563)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2022YFF0607600 and 2022YFF0605502)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Metrology and Calibration Technology Fund Project (Grant No. JLKG2023001B001)Aeronautical Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 20230056038001)。
文摘Traceability is the fundamental premise of all metrological activities. The establishment of a traceability chain characterized by a shortened structure, while simultaneously enabling on-site traceability, represents a key trend in the advancement of metrology. This study explores the periodic accuracy and overall uniformity of self-traceable gratings, employing multilayer film gratings with a nominal period of 25.00 nm as the medium. We present a comparative analysis of measurement capabilities in a self-traceable grating calibration system characterized by a ‘top-down’ calibration approach and a Si lattice constant calibration system characterized by a ‘bottom-up’ calibration approach. The results indicate that the values obtained for the multilayer film grating periods, calibrated using the self-traceable grating system, are 24.40 nm with a standard deviation of 0.11 nm. By comparing with the values derived from the Si lattice constant, which yield 24.34 nm with a standard deviation of 0.14 nm, the validity and feasibility of the self-traceable calibration system are confirmed. This system extends and complements existing metrological frameworks, offering a precise pathway for traceability in precision engineering and nanotechnology research.
文摘Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（HMTBa）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in broiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All birds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTBa）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in birds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTBa）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the benefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTBa）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tibia Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. Birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to birds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTBa）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were observed between Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tibia Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was observed between the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in birds fed ZnSO4. H20, but had less impact in birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2. No difference was observed between the two organic zinc sources These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chelated organic Zn is better utilized than inorganic zinc in the presence of elevated Cu.
文摘Calcium titanate doped with praseodymium was prepared through solid state reaction and it exhibited intense red emission at 612 nm. Phosphors were characterized for photoluminescence, thermo-luminescence and afterglow emissions. Study of effects of rare earths on photoluminescence as well as afterglow intensity was reported. Presence of gadolinium enhanced luminescence. Presence of some monovalent ions enhanced both afterglow and photoluminescence emission. Thermo-luminescence glow curves were analyzed and ...
文摘Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves, Edible parts of vegetables （fruits and/or leaves） accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetie acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40472152)
文摘Four microorganism strains were isolated from coastal petroleum-polluted soil and sand samples of Bohai Sea oilfield; they were found to degrade marine oil spills effectively. The experimental results show that the degradation efficiency of crude oil with these four strains （XT-4, SZ-1-25, B-4-9, BS-3-12） is 95.97%, 96.01%, 97.99% and 98.99%, respectively, in their optimum conditions. The characteristics of bacterial biodegradation are investigated. The simulation biotreatment of oil-contaminated beach sand, with an initial oil content of 5,664mg/kg-dry-sand, shows that the residual oil content is 2,700 mg/kg-dry-sand and 2,679 mg/kg-dry-sand after 170 days＇ treatment with two bacteria （B-4-9, BS-3- 12）, respectively.
文摘Objective:To investigate the change patterns of reproductive hormones in serum of aging males and the difference among male age brackets and the prevalence rates of late onset of hypogonadism(LOH) in males in Chinese middle and aging males. Methods:Subjects included 1,498 men aged 40 to 69 from a county,and the serum reproductive hormones of 434 subjects were measured and calculated.In addition,the prevalence rates of LOH were analyzed by cut-off point of total testosterone(TT) and free testosterone(cFT),and screening scales(a questionnaire of androgen deficiency in the aging males(ADAM) and a scale of aging males’ symptoms(AMS)).TT,cFT,bio-available testosterone (Bio-T),luteinizing hormone(LH),sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG),testosterone secretion index(TSI), free testosterone index(FTD,the positive rates of LOH screening,androgen deficiency rates and the clinical prevalence rates of LOH were measured or calculated. Results:The serum TT levels did not change significantly with male aging while serum LH and SHBG levels gradually increased,but cFT,Bio-T,TSI and FTI levels gradually decreased with male aging.There was very significant difference in other six parameters of reproductive hormones(P<0.01),except for serum TT among the four age brackets(P>0.05).There was no correlation between serum TT levels and aging,LH levels(P>0.05). However,there was significantly a positive correlation between serum LH,SHBG and age(P<0.01),while there were negative correlation between cFT,Bio-T,TSI,FTI and age,LH levels(P<0.01).Moreover,SHBG level was positively correlated with LH level(P<0.01). Utilizing the Questionnaire of ADAM and AMS to screen subjects aged 40 to 69 years,mean positive rates of LOH screening were 80.77%and 32.34%respectively.Mean androgen deficiency rates were 14.02%and 43.69% by using TT and cFT cut-off point.In addition,mean LOH clinical prevalence rates of subjects on positive questionnaire results were 37.85%and 15.42%. Conclusion:The serum TT levels did not change significantly with male aging while serum LH,SHBG,cFT, Bio-T,TSI and FTI levels had the gradient change with aging.On the basis of Chinese population,however,the positive rate of LOH screening,androgen deficiency rate and clinical prevalence rate of LOH were obviously higher than that those of the other foreign studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.51874329 and Grant No.52004297 and Grant No.51991361)the National Natural Science Innovation Population of China(Grant No.51821092)+1 种基金the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(Grant No.ZLZX2020-01)Cooperation projects of CCDC and CUPB(CQ2021B-33-Z2-3)。
文摘Loss of drilling fluids in large porous and fractured zones inevitably up-regulates the overall cost of drilling.As a type of acid-soluble cement,magnesium oxysulfate(MOS)cement is arousing huge attention for the less hygroscopic nature and less damaging to steel casings compared with magnesium oxychloride(MOC)cement.The present study developed MOS cement as a fast setting,high strength and acid-soluble lost circulation material to reduce the problem of losses.As suggested in this study,a higher strength of MOS cement at 70℃could be achieved by elevating M_(g)O/MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O molar ratio or downregulating H_(2)O/MgSO_(4)·7 H_(2)O molar ratio.Boric acid and borax could act as effective retarders.Plugging slurry based on MOS cement could effectively block the simulated porous loss zones exhibiting a diameter from 1.24 mm to 1.55 mm,as well as the fractured loss zones with a width from 2 mm to 5 mm and bearing a pressure difference up to 8 MPa.Permeability recovery test demonstrated that it facilitated future oil and gas production.The successful field application in the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China verified the significant plugging effect of MOS cement for severe loss problems.
文摘Results from 12 switchback field trials involving 1216 cows were combined to assess the effects of a protected B vitamin blend (BVB) upon milk yield (kg), fat percentage (%), protein %, fat yield (kg) and protein yield (kg) in primiparous and multiparous cows. Trials consisted of 3 test periods executed in the order control-test-control. No diet changes other than the inclusion of 3 grams/cow/ day of the BVB during the test period occurred. Means from the two control periods were compared to results obtained during the test period using a paired T test. Cows include in the analysis were between 45 and 300 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment and were continuously available for all periods. The provision of the BVB resulted in increased (P < 0.05) milk, fat %, protein %, fat yield and protein yield. Regression models showed that the amount of milk produced had no effect upon the magnitude of the increase in milk components. The increase in milk was greatest in early lactation and declined with DIM. Protein and fat % increased with DIM in mature cows, but not in first lactation cows. Differences in fat yields between test and control feeding periods did not change with DIM, but the improvement in protein yield in mature cows declined with DIM. These results indicate that the BVB provided economically important advantages throughout lactation, but expected results would vary with cow age and stage of lactation.
