Alcohol use disorders affect millions of individuals worldwide.Alcohol consumption is directly associated with liver disease mortality and accounts for elevated social and economic costs.Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) m...Alcohol use disorders affect millions of individuals worldwide.Alcohol consumption is directly associated with liver disease mortality and accounts for elevated social and economic costs.Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) may take the form of acute involvement(alcoholic hepatitis)or chronic liver disease(steatosis,steatohepatitis,fibrosis and cirrhosis).The severity and prognosis of alcohol-induced liver disease depends on the amount,pattern and duration of alcohol consumption,as well as on the presence of liver inflammation,diet,nutritional status and genetic predisposition of an individual.While steatosis is an almost completely benign disease,liver cirrhosis is associated with marked morbidity,mortal-ity and life expectancy shortening.The median survival of patients with advanced cirrhosis is 1-2 years.Se-vere acute alcoholic hepatitis(AH)is associated with mortality as high as 50%.It has been managed with corticoids,pentoxifylline and enteral nutrition,although evidence based data are still conflicting.Some author suggest that pentoxifylline could be a better first-line treatment in patients with severe AH.Absolute abstinence is a basic condition for any treatment of acute or chronic ALD,the other therapeutical procedure being of a supportive nature and questionable significance.Acamprosate appears to be an effective treatment strategy for supporting continuous abstinence in alco-hol dependent patients.Patients with advanced liver cirrhosis who demonstrably abstain can be considered for liver transplantation,which leads to a markedly pro-longed life expectancy.The crucial step in ALD preven-tion is in the prevention of alcohol abuse,whereas the prevention of liver injury in active alcohol abusers is not clinically applicable.展开更多
This research aims to expose deployment challenges of offshore renewable energy systems in developing countries. The investigation of the deployment model covers climate conditions, economic conditions, necessary infr...This research aims to expose deployment challenges of offshore renewable energy systems in developing countries. The investigation of the deployment model covers climate conditions, economic conditions, necessary infrastructure services and wind power by considering the case of Cyprus Island which is one of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) countries. The convenience of Offshore Energy Systems to the territory and their systematic proper work is an important issue. Because of that, the setting up of Offshore Wind Energy Tribunes in Cyprus, the planning process, structuring of cost values and necessary resources, the investigation of the geographic conditions for obtaining the energy flow and assessment of these conditions for Offshore Wind Tribunes are the prime objectives of this study. The orientation period and the applicable qualifications of the offshore energy systems were evaluated on the basis of the world wide references. The study is concluded by the estimation of the advantages and disadvantages of the system for Cyprus.展开更多
The sorption of the uranium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by diethylethanolammonium organovolcanics(Kula-TURKEY) was investigated under different experimental conditions. DEEA was used to modify the surface of basal...The sorption of the uranium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by diethylethanolammonium organovolcanics(Kula-TURKEY) was investigated under different experimental conditions. DEEA was used to modify the surface of basaltic volcanics. The characteristic of basaltic volcanic was analyzed by XRF, SEM–EDS, FTIR, and XRD. The BET surface areas of unmodified volcanics and DEEA-modified volcanics were found as 2.265 and3.689 m^2/g, respectively. The volcanic samples were treated by using different concentrations of DEEA. The adsorption of U(VI) on natural and modified volcanics was examined as a function of the contact time, initial p H of the solution, initial U(VI) concentration, and temperature.Langmuir, Freundlich, and D–R adsorption isotherms were used to describe the adsorption. While examining the adsorption percentage and distribution coefficient, these values for unmodified volcanics were found to be25% ± 0.76 and 10.08 m L/g, while the values for the DEEA-modified volcanics were 88% ± 1.04 and 220 m L/g, respectively. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-secondorder kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data.In this study, it can be seen that the adsorption process is suitable for the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Various thermodynamic parameters(ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) were calculated with the thermodynamic distribution coefficients obtained at different temperatures. The sorption process was a chemical adsorption process. The results indicated that the processes are spontaneous and endothermic.展开更多
The study presents the change in precipitation and temperature of the Central Anatolia region which a semi-arid climate prevails. The climatic data consists of the monthly rainfall totals and temperatures from 33 stat...The study presents the change in precipitation and temperature of the Central Anatolia region which a semi-arid climate prevails. The climatic data consists of the monthly rainfall totals and temperatures from 33 stations in region for the period of 1975-2007. The spatial distribution, the inter-seasonal and the inter-annual amounts of rainfall were studied, along with the vulnerability of Central Anatolia to desertification processes and the place of this semiarid region. Annual temperature frequency has been calculated and shows significant increase in temperature of approximately 2.6% corresponding to 0.4?C. The change in climate was determined according to Erin?’s aridity index. Semi-arid and semi-humid climate types prevailed in ürgüp, Kirikkale, Develi, Kir?ehir and Ak?ehir between 1975 and 1990. However, arid and semi-arid conditions prevailed in these stations after 1990. The decrease of the mean rainfall intensity (MRI) has varied between 0.3% and 21% annually since 1990. Decreases in seasonal rainfall intensity (SRI) and annual rainfall totals are found generally in the south, east and southeast of the region. Increases in SRI and annual rainfall totals are observed in the north and northwest of the region however, these increasing percentages are not as great as the decreasing percentages. Rainfall series have been analyzed for long-term trend according Mann-Kendall test. Results of this test indicate that a decreasing trend of winter and spring rainfall intensity is evident, whereas a generally increasing trend is observed for summer and autumn rainfall intensity. These changes began in the late 1970s and early 1980s across most of Central Anatolia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,the advancement cancer treatment technology improves overall survival,however,adverse events are still a challenge for health professional.Genitourinary syndrome of menopause and vaginal stenosis ...BACKGROUND Currently,the advancement cancer treatment technology improves overall survival,however,adverse events are still a challenge for health professional.Genitourinary syndrome of menopause and vaginal stenosis are conditions that impact the quality of life of patients undergoing radiotherapy.We present two such cases in patients with previous cervical and endometrial cancer.These conditions were handled with an innovative method using an energy-based device with blue light emitting diode for concomitant vaginal and vulvar irradiation.Positive impact in clinical findings,cytologic changes,and referred symptoms were documented.CASE SUMMARY One patient diagnosed with vaginal severe vaginal stenosis with previous cervix cancer treatment and other patient diagnosed with mild stenosis with severe dyspareunia and recent endometrium cancer treatment were considered for vulvovaginal treatment with weekly blue led device and closely evaluated with repeated validated questionnaires and cytological samples.CONCLUSION This innovative technique showed an improvement in all areas of the examiner's criteria,the cytological criteria,and most bothered symptoms.展开更多
Chronic peripheral lymphadenopathy in adults is an indication of pathology of which tuberculosis is the commonest in the developing countries. Presented is a 36-year-old with a huge chronic Submental lymphadenopathy i...Chronic peripheral lymphadenopathy in adults is an indication of pathology of which tuberculosis is the commonest in the developing countries. Presented is a 36-year-old with a huge chronic Submental lymphadenopathy in a seronegative patient of 7 years duration. Histology revealed non-caseating tuberculosis. Tuberculosis should be considered in Submental lymphadenopathy. Despite the long duration, the absence of cold abscess, and or sinus formation may be an indication of the non-caseating tuberculous lymphadenopathy.展开更多
This research aims to understand more closely the damage to the lake environment and the factors that cause pollution in Lake Santa Maria are the first factor of increasing urbanization, the use of the land around the...This research aims to understand more closely the damage to the lake environment and the factors that cause pollution in Lake Santa Maria are the first factor of increasing urbanization, the use of the land around the lake as a place to live, the absence of maximum control from the local government this case, the Dili municipal authority. Types of solid waste consist of iron from car accidents, motorcycles, used building materials, plastic, used drink bottles and clothes, mosquito nets, food scraps from household waste, as well as old fishing nets from residents. In addition, household waste such as bath and bath, dishwashing, detergents, and waste from tempeh and tofu factories, including burnt oil from cars and motorcycles, are thrown into the lake. Municipal waste management is based on environmental standards to determine the quality of waste management in Dili Municipality. It is possible to identify the composition of waste and waste, as well as predict its environmental impact. Human (Anthropic) factors Domestic Liquid Waste, Domestic Solid Waste: Composed of organic and inorganic waste. Synthetic Waste, Disposal of Used Oil, Disposal of Domestic Animal Waste, Shallow Drains and Septic Tanks, Mountain Garbage, Garbage Thrown by Visitors, Natural Factors, Climate change, Prolonged drought, Low rainfall, El Niño and La Niña factors, Wind speed, Heat (high daily temperature pressure), Greater water evaporation, Dry wind. The occurrence of contamination necessarily implies an ecological imbalance. The impact introduced by residual compounds and waste that may be associated with the toxicity.展开更多
The beer beverage industry is currently growing very rapidly,and because of these activities,the beverage industry can produce waste on a large or small scale.The results of small-scale waste can decompose naturally,b...The beer beverage industry is currently growing very rapidly,and because of these activities,the beverage industry can produce waste on a large or small scale.The results of small-scale waste can decompose naturally,but large-scale waste can be harmful to the environment.Therefore,large-scale factory waste can produce very dangerous waste for the environment and its components.The brewery is the only brewery in the country of Timor-Leste.With the idea that the brewery in Hera,Timor-Leste,has processed its waste properly and is safe for the environment,it is necessary to prove that the liquid waste of the beer beverage factory does not hurt the environment.This study aims to analyze the quality of the beer factory's liquid waste and the quality of the water where the beer beverage liquid waste is disposed of.The method used in this study is the intentional sampling method or also known as judgment sampling.Sample analysis was conducted at the Forestry and Environment Laboratory of Bali Province,Indonesia,from December 14,2023,to December 23,2023.From the results of the laboratory tests,it can be concluded that the liquid waste from the Hera brewery,Timor-Leste,has a normal pH,high turbidity,low DO levels,and high BOD levels.This harms the marine environment where the liquid waste is disposed of,because it can cause the death of marine organisms,disrupt the balance of the marine ecosystem,and cause irreversible damage.Therefore,the Timor-Leste Government must conduct regular waste inspections and establish regulations on the maximum concentration of pollutants contained in brewery waste that can be discharged into the environment,as explained in the regulations of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia.In short,breweries must review their liquid waste treatment process before discharging it into the environment so that the waste produced does not comply with the laws and regulations that must be established.And it is suggested to the Government and the Timor-Leste Environmental Nacional Agency or ANLA to always conduct periodic field inspections to check the quality of beer liquid waste on the environmental impact so as not to damage the water and soil environment and all living things.展开更多
The coastal area mangrove ecosystem is one of the natural resources with an important role viewed from the ecosystem,economic,and social points.The natural resources have an economic potential as the place to get wood...The coastal area mangrove ecosystem is one of the natural resources with an important role viewed from the ecosystem,economic,and social points.The natural resources have an economic potential as the place to get wood,spawn-ing ground,nursery ground,and feeding ground for fish and other marine bi-otas,as well as sea wave breaker and protector of sea water intrusion into the land.This study was aimed at analyzing economic valuation of the mangrove forest total ecosystem in Metinaro Coastal,Timor-Leste,which was done on the first of December,2014 until the first of January,2015.This study was a descriptive qualitative research using a survey method.The data collected have the aspects of direct values(firewood,building wood,palm leaves,fish,shrimps,and crabs),indirect values,choice,and existence,and the use of mangrove for-est ecosystem as the source of livelihood.Based on the total economic valuation of the mangrove forest in Metinaro with the area of±249.88 ha has the values of about Rp.19599.75,Rp.24,739,600,Rp.508,000,Rp.47,729,775,Rp.25,387,300,and Rp.13,360,400 million in terms of direct value as firewood,direct value as house building materials,direct value as palm leaves,direct value as direct value as fish,direct value as shrimps,and direct value as mangrove forest eco-system respectively every year.The indirect use value(something that restrains or resists abrasion)is Rp.4,584,700 million a year,choice(biodiversity),Rp.6985 thousand/ha/year,existence(willingness to pay the existence of mangrove for-est)Rp.12,395,200 thousand/ha/year.In general,the total economic value is Rp.149,002,750 every year and this becomes the reference for the government to determine the policy of managing and using the mangrove forest.展开更多
Background:The genus Quercus comprises over 900 species distributed across temperate and subtropical zones,many of which hold a multitude of ecological,agricultural,industrial,and medicinal significance.Among them,Que...Background:The genus Quercus comprises over 900 species distributed across temperate and subtropical zones,many of which hold a multitude of ecological,agricultural,industrial,and medicinal significance.Among them,Quercus incana Roxb.,commonly referred to as Baloot in Unani medicine,is notable for its therapeutic applica-tions.Traditionally,its bark and acorns have been employed for their astringent,haemostatic,and tonic effects.Objective:This review aims to consolidate classical Unani perspectives with contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological evidence on Q.incana,and to highlight its medicinal potential as well as avenues for future research.Methods:Data were compiled through the examination of classical Unani texts and a systematic search using"Quercus incana""Quercus incana Roxb.""Baloot""Quercus AND phytochemistry""Quercus AND pharmacology""Quercus AND Unani""oak AND tannins""quercetin AND Quercus""ellagic acid AND Quercus"as keywords in the electronic databases of PubMed,Scopus,ScienceDirect,and Google Scholar,covering literature published from the year of 2000 to 2025,The inclusion criteria encompassed ethnobotanical,phytochemical,and pharmacolog-ical studies on Quercus species,with a specific focus on Q.incana.Results:Q.incana contains a wide spectrum of bioactive compounds,including tannins,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and triterpenoids.Other species of the Quercus genus have also been reported to produce constituents such as𝛽-sitosterol,friedelin,quercetin,palmitic acid,terpenoids,coumarins,lignoceric acid,leucoanthocyanidins,and reducing sugars.These phytochemicals are associated with diverse biological activities,e.g.,antimicrobial,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and wound-healing effects.Evidence from ethnobotanical surveys and pharmaco-logical studies supports the traditional application of Baloot in the treatment of gastrointestinal,dermatological,and haemostatic disorders.Conclusion:Q.incana represents an important medicinal resource in Unani medicine with promising pharmaco-logical activities.While existing data provide preliminary validation of its ethnomedicinal claims,further studies involving standardization of its active ingredients,bioassay-guided isolation,and clinical trials are necessary to establish its therapeutic value and facilitate its integration into evidence-based medicine.展开更多
Due to many uncertain factors,parameter values in many microorganism cultivation systems are affected to a greater or lesser extent by environmental fluctuation.In this paper,the authors develop a stochastic turbidost...Due to many uncertain factors,parameter values in many microorganism cultivation systems are affected to a greater or lesser extent by environmental fluctuation.In this paper,the authors develop a stochastic turbidostat model that considers white noise,formulate and analyze dynamical behavior for the stochastic model.The authors obtain the existence and uniqueness of globally positive equilibrium.Sufficient conditions of the extinction for the system are established.Since the uniformly elliptic condition can fail to satisfy,the existence of the stationary distribution of the system is proved by using Markov semigroups theory.Biologically speaking,the existence of stationary distribution suggests that microorganism will exist for a long time.The analytical results are tested and verified by numerical simulations,which evaluate the influence of white noise on the dynamics of microorganism.展开更多
基金Supported by Grant IGA MZCR NT 11 247(The role of protective mechanisms,oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in the progression of liver damage in patient with metabolic syndrome and possible influence of antioxidative factors on the prevention of liver damage in experimental model of NASH)UK SVV 3362(Regulatory parameters in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and oncologic diseases)
文摘Alcohol use disorders affect millions of individuals worldwide.Alcohol consumption is directly associated with liver disease mortality and accounts for elevated social and economic costs.Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) may take the form of acute involvement(alcoholic hepatitis)or chronic liver disease(steatosis,steatohepatitis,fibrosis and cirrhosis).The severity and prognosis of alcohol-induced liver disease depends on the amount,pattern and duration of alcohol consumption,as well as on the presence of liver inflammation,diet,nutritional status and genetic predisposition of an individual.While steatosis is an almost completely benign disease,liver cirrhosis is associated with marked morbidity,mortal-ity and life expectancy shortening.The median survival of patients with advanced cirrhosis is 1-2 years.Se-vere acute alcoholic hepatitis(AH)is associated with mortality as high as 50%.It has been managed with corticoids,pentoxifylline and enteral nutrition,although evidence based data are still conflicting.Some author suggest that pentoxifylline could be a better first-line treatment in patients with severe AH.Absolute abstinence is a basic condition for any treatment of acute or chronic ALD,the other therapeutical procedure being of a supportive nature and questionable significance.Acamprosate appears to be an effective treatment strategy for supporting continuous abstinence in alco-hol dependent patients.Patients with advanced liver cirrhosis who demonstrably abstain can be considered for liver transplantation,which leads to a markedly pro-longed life expectancy.The crucial step in ALD preven-tion is in the prevention of alcohol abuse,whereas the prevention of liver injury in active alcohol abusers is not clinically applicable.
文摘This research aims to expose deployment challenges of offshore renewable energy systems in developing countries. The investigation of the deployment model covers climate conditions, economic conditions, necessary infrastructure services and wind power by considering the case of Cyprus Island which is one of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) countries. The convenience of Offshore Energy Systems to the territory and their systematic proper work is an important issue. Because of that, the setting up of Offshore Wind Energy Tribunes in Cyprus, the planning process, structuring of cost values and necessary resources, the investigation of the geographic conditions for obtaining the energy flow and assessment of these conditions for Offshore Wind Tribunes are the prime objectives of this study. The orientation period and the applicable qualifications of the offshore energy systems were evaluated on the basis of the world wide references. The study is concluded by the estimation of the advantages and disadvantages of the system for Cyprus.
基金supported by the Manisa Celal Bayar University(No.BAP 2012-005)
文摘The sorption of the uranium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by diethylethanolammonium organovolcanics(Kula-TURKEY) was investigated under different experimental conditions. DEEA was used to modify the surface of basaltic volcanics. The characteristic of basaltic volcanic was analyzed by XRF, SEM–EDS, FTIR, and XRD. The BET surface areas of unmodified volcanics and DEEA-modified volcanics were found as 2.265 and3.689 m^2/g, respectively. The volcanic samples were treated by using different concentrations of DEEA. The adsorption of U(VI) on natural and modified volcanics was examined as a function of the contact time, initial p H of the solution, initial U(VI) concentration, and temperature.Langmuir, Freundlich, and D–R adsorption isotherms were used to describe the adsorption. While examining the adsorption percentage and distribution coefficient, these values for unmodified volcanics were found to be25% ± 0.76 and 10.08 m L/g, while the values for the DEEA-modified volcanics were 88% ± 1.04 and 220 m L/g, respectively. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-secondorder kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data.In this study, it can be seen that the adsorption process is suitable for the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Various thermodynamic parameters(ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) were calculated with the thermodynamic distribution coefficients obtained at different temperatures. The sorption process was a chemical adsorption process. The results indicated that the processes are spontaneous and endothermic.
文摘The study presents the change in precipitation and temperature of the Central Anatolia region which a semi-arid climate prevails. The climatic data consists of the monthly rainfall totals and temperatures from 33 stations in region for the period of 1975-2007. The spatial distribution, the inter-seasonal and the inter-annual amounts of rainfall were studied, along with the vulnerability of Central Anatolia to desertification processes and the place of this semiarid region. Annual temperature frequency has been calculated and shows significant increase in temperature of approximately 2.6% corresponding to 0.4?C. The change in climate was determined according to Erin?’s aridity index. Semi-arid and semi-humid climate types prevailed in ürgüp, Kirikkale, Develi, Kir?ehir and Ak?ehir between 1975 and 1990. However, arid and semi-arid conditions prevailed in these stations after 1990. The decrease of the mean rainfall intensity (MRI) has varied between 0.3% and 21% annually since 1990. Decreases in seasonal rainfall intensity (SRI) and annual rainfall totals are found generally in the south, east and southeast of the region. Increases in SRI and annual rainfall totals are observed in the north and northwest of the region however, these increasing percentages are not as great as the decreasing percentages. Rainfall series have been analyzed for long-term trend according Mann-Kendall test. Results of this test indicate that a decreasing trend of winter and spring rainfall intensity is evident, whereas a generally increasing trend is observed for summer and autumn rainfall intensity. These changes began in the late 1970s and early 1980s across most of Central Anatolia.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,the advancement cancer treatment technology improves overall survival,however,adverse events are still a challenge for health professional.Genitourinary syndrome of menopause and vaginal stenosis are conditions that impact the quality of life of patients undergoing radiotherapy.We present two such cases in patients with previous cervical and endometrial cancer.These conditions were handled with an innovative method using an energy-based device with blue light emitting diode for concomitant vaginal and vulvar irradiation.Positive impact in clinical findings,cytologic changes,and referred symptoms were documented.CASE SUMMARY One patient diagnosed with vaginal severe vaginal stenosis with previous cervix cancer treatment and other patient diagnosed with mild stenosis with severe dyspareunia and recent endometrium cancer treatment were considered for vulvovaginal treatment with weekly blue led device and closely evaluated with repeated validated questionnaires and cytological samples.CONCLUSION This innovative technique showed an improvement in all areas of the examiner's criteria,the cytological criteria,and most bothered symptoms.
文摘Chronic peripheral lymphadenopathy in adults is an indication of pathology of which tuberculosis is the commonest in the developing countries. Presented is a 36-year-old with a huge chronic Submental lymphadenopathy in a seronegative patient of 7 years duration. Histology revealed non-caseating tuberculosis. Tuberculosis should be considered in Submental lymphadenopathy. Despite the long duration, the absence of cold abscess, and or sinus formation may be an indication of the non-caseating tuberculous lymphadenopathy.
文摘This research aims to understand more closely the damage to the lake environment and the factors that cause pollution in Lake Santa Maria are the first factor of increasing urbanization, the use of the land around the lake as a place to live, the absence of maximum control from the local government this case, the Dili municipal authority. Types of solid waste consist of iron from car accidents, motorcycles, used building materials, plastic, used drink bottles and clothes, mosquito nets, food scraps from household waste, as well as old fishing nets from residents. In addition, household waste such as bath and bath, dishwashing, detergents, and waste from tempeh and tofu factories, including burnt oil from cars and motorcycles, are thrown into the lake. Municipal waste management is based on environmental standards to determine the quality of waste management in Dili Municipality. It is possible to identify the composition of waste and waste, as well as predict its environmental impact. Human (Anthropic) factors Domestic Liquid Waste, Domestic Solid Waste: Composed of organic and inorganic waste. Synthetic Waste, Disposal of Used Oil, Disposal of Domestic Animal Waste, Shallow Drains and Septic Tanks, Mountain Garbage, Garbage Thrown by Visitors, Natural Factors, Climate change, Prolonged drought, Low rainfall, El Niño and La Niña factors, Wind speed, Heat (high daily temperature pressure), Greater water evaporation, Dry wind. The occurrence of contamination necessarily implies an ecological imbalance. The impact introduced by residual compounds and waste that may be associated with the toxicity.
文摘The beer beverage industry is currently growing very rapidly,and because of these activities,the beverage industry can produce waste on a large or small scale.The results of small-scale waste can decompose naturally,but large-scale waste can be harmful to the environment.Therefore,large-scale factory waste can produce very dangerous waste for the environment and its components.The brewery is the only brewery in the country of Timor-Leste.With the idea that the brewery in Hera,Timor-Leste,has processed its waste properly and is safe for the environment,it is necessary to prove that the liquid waste of the beer beverage factory does not hurt the environment.This study aims to analyze the quality of the beer factory's liquid waste and the quality of the water where the beer beverage liquid waste is disposed of.The method used in this study is the intentional sampling method or also known as judgment sampling.Sample analysis was conducted at the Forestry and Environment Laboratory of Bali Province,Indonesia,from December 14,2023,to December 23,2023.From the results of the laboratory tests,it can be concluded that the liquid waste from the Hera brewery,Timor-Leste,has a normal pH,high turbidity,low DO levels,and high BOD levels.This harms the marine environment where the liquid waste is disposed of,because it can cause the death of marine organisms,disrupt the balance of the marine ecosystem,and cause irreversible damage.Therefore,the Timor-Leste Government must conduct regular waste inspections and establish regulations on the maximum concentration of pollutants contained in brewery waste that can be discharged into the environment,as explained in the regulations of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia.In short,breweries must review their liquid waste treatment process before discharging it into the environment so that the waste produced does not comply with the laws and regulations that must be established.And it is suggested to the Government and the Timor-Leste Environmental Nacional Agency or ANLA to always conduct periodic field inspections to check the quality of beer liquid waste on the environmental impact so as not to damage the water and soil environment and all living things.
文摘The coastal area mangrove ecosystem is one of the natural resources with an important role viewed from the ecosystem,economic,and social points.The natural resources have an economic potential as the place to get wood,spawn-ing ground,nursery ground,and feeding ground for fish and other marine bi-otas,as well as sea wave breaker and protector of sea water intrusion into the land.This study was aimed at analyzing economic valuation of the mangrove forest total ecosystem in Metinaro Coastal,Timor-Leste,which was done on the first of December,2014 until the first of January,2015.This study was a descriptive qualitative research using a survey method.The data collected have the aspects of direct values(firewood,building wood,palm leaves,fish,shrimps,and crabs),indirect values,choice,and existence,and the use of mangrove for-est ecosystem as the source of livelihood.Based on the total economic valuation of the mangrove forest in Metinaro with the area of±249.88 ha has the values of about Rp.19599.75,Rp.24,739,600,Rp.508,000,Rp.47,729,775,Rp.25,387,300,and Rp.13,360,400 million in terms of direct value as firewood,direct value as house building materials,direct value as palm leaves,direct value as direct value as fish,direct value as shrimps,and direct value as mangrove forest eco-system respectively every year.The indirect use value(something that restrains or resists abrasion)is Rp.4,584,700 million a year,choice(biodiversity),Rp.6985 thousand/ha/year,existence(willingness to pay the existence of mangrove for-est)Rp.12,395,200 thousand/ha/year.In general,the total economic value is Rp.149,002,750 every year and this becomes the reference for the government to determine the policy of managing and using the mangrove forest.
文摘Background:The genus Quercus comprises over 900 species distributed across temperate and subtropical zones,many of which hold a multitude of ecological,agricultural,industrial,and medicinal significance.Among them,Quercus incana Roxb.,commonly referred to as Baloot in Unani medicine,is notable for its therapeutic applica-tions.Traditionally,its bark and acorns have been employed for their astringent,haemostatic,and tonic effects.Objective:This review aims to consolidate classical Unani perspectives with contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological evidence on Q.incana,and to highlight its medicinal potential as well as avenues for future research.Methods:Data were compiled through the examination of classical Unani texts and a systematic search using"Quercus incana""Quercus incana Roxb.""Baloot""Quercus AND phytochemistry""Quercus AND pharmacology""Quercus AND Unani""oak AND tannins""quercetin AND Quercus""ellagic acid AND Quercus"as keywords in the electronic databases of PubMed,Scopus,ScienceDirect,and Google Scholar,covering literature published from the year of 2000 to 2025,The inclusion criteria encompassed ethnobotanical,phytochemical,and pharmacolog-ical studies on Quercus species,with a specific focus on Q.incana.Results:Q.incana contains a wide spectrum of bioactive compounds,including tannins,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and triterpenoids.Other species of the Quercus genus have also been reported to produce constituents such as𝛽-sitosterol,friedelin,quercetin,palmitic acid,terpenoids,coumarins,lignoceric acid,leucoanthocyanidins,and reducing sugars.These phytochemicals are associated with diverse biological activities,e.g.,antimicrobial,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and wound-healing effects.Evidence from ethnobotanical surveys and pharmaco-logical studies supports the traditional application of Baloot in the treatment of gastrointestinal,dermatological,and haemostatic disorders.Conclusion:Q.incana represents an important medicinal resource in Unani medicine with promising pharmaco-logical activities.While existing data provide preliminary validation of its ethnomedicinal claims,further studies involving standardization of its active ingredients,bioassay-guided isolation,and clinical trials are necessary to establish its therapeutic value and facilitate its integration into evidence-based medicine.
基金This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11871473 and 12271201the Research Funds for Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province under Grant No.20210509040RQ+2 种基金Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Funds of Jilin Province under Grant No.2022ZY22the Research Funds of Jilin University of Finance and Economics under Grant No.2022YB025Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos.ZR2019MA010 and ZR2019MA006.
文摘Due to many uncertain factors,parameter values in many microorganism cultivation systems are affected to a greater or lesser extent by environmental fluctuation.In this paper,the authors develop a stochastic turbidostat model that considers white noise,formulate and analyze dynamical behavior for the stochastic model.The authors obtain the existence and uniqueness of globally positive equilibrium.Sufficient conditions of the extinction for the system are established.Since the uniformly elliptic condition can fail to satisfy,the existence of the stationary distribution of the system is proved by using Markov semigroups theory.Biologically speaking,the existence of stationary distribution suggests that microorganism will exist for a long time.The analytical results are tested and verified by numerical simulations,which evaluate the influence of white noise on the dynamics of microorganism.
