Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)significantly impairs children's growth and cognition.This study aims to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying OSAHS in children,with a particular f...Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)significantly impairs children's growth and cognition.This study aims to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying OSAHS in children,with a particular focus on the alterations in cortical information interaction during respiratory events.We analyzed sleep electroencephalography before,during,and after events,utilizing Symbolic Transfer Entropy(STE)for brain network construction and information flow assessment.The results showed a significant increase in STE after events in specific frequency bands during N2 and rapid eye movement(REM)stages,along with increased STE during N3 stage events.Moreover,a noteworthy rise in the information flow imbalance within and between hemispheres was found after events,displaying unique patterns in central sleep apnea and hypopnea.Importantly,some of these alterations were correlated with symptom severity.These findings highlight significant changes in brain region coordination and communication during respiratory events,offering novel insights into OSAHS pathophysiology in children.展开更多
Growing evidence supports the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation(DBS)in treating various psychiatric disorders.DBS has the potential to selectively stimulate specific subcortical brain areas thus providing high-f...Growing evidence supports the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation(DBS)in treating various psychiatric disorders.DBS has the potential to selectively stimulate specific subcortical brain areas thus providing high-frequency electric stimulation of these regions.The nucleus accumbens(NAc),a frequent DBS target,has shown promise in treating psychiatric conditions like depression,obsessive-compulsive disorder,and addiction.In this review,we provide an overview across studies investigating the effects of NAc DBS in humans and animals and discuss potential mechanisms underlying its clinical efficacy.We address the anatomical properties of NAc and discuss,in particular,the frequently reported differential effects of NAc shell and NAc core DBS.Moreover,by outlining the various NAc cell types,transmitter systems(i.e.,predominantly GABAergic and dopaminergic systems)and anatomical pathways that have been shown to be relevant for NAc DBS stimulation effects,we aim to further elucidate the neurobiological determinants of NAc DBS efficacy.Finally,since treatment effects of NAc DBS are most probably also related to alterations in NAc connected circuits or networks,we review studies focusing on the investigation of NAc DBS network effects.By examining these various components that are assumed to be of relevance in the context of NAc DBS,this review will hopefully contribute to increasing our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying NAc DBS and optimizing future selection of optimal DBS targets.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82001919)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515010050)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M711219)the Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province (2019B03035001)the Foundation of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments (2020B1212060077).
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)significantly impairs children's growth and cognition.This study aims to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying OSAHS in children,with a particular focus on the alterations in cortical information interaction during respiratory events.We analyzed sleep electroencephalography before,during,and after events,utilizing Symbolic Transfer Entropy(STE)for brain network construction and information flow assessment.The results showed a significant increase in STE after events in specific frequency bands during N2 and rapid eye movement(REM)stages,along with increased STE during N3 stage events.Moreover,a noteworthy rise in the information flow imbalance within and between hemispheres was found after events,displaying unique patterns in central sleep apnea and hypopnea.Importantly,some of these alterations were correlated with symptom severity.These findings highlight significant changes in brain region coordination and communication during respiratory events,offering novel insights into OSAHS pathophysiology in children.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230045)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(21DZ1100304)the Shanghai Hospital Development Center(SHDC2022CRT019).
文摘Growing evidence supports the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation(DBS)in treating various psychiatric disorders.DBS has the potential to selectively stimulate specific subcortical brain areas thus providing high-frequency electric stimulation of these regions.The nucleus accumbens(NAc),a frequent DBS target,has shown promise in treating psychiatric conditions like depression,obsessive-compulsive disorder,and addiction.In this review,we provide an overview across studies investigating the effects of NAc DBS in humans and animals and discuss potential mechanisms underlying its clinical efficacy.We address the anatomical properties of NAc and discuss,in particular,the frequently reported differential effects of NAc shell and NAc core DBS.Moreover,by outlining the various NAc cell types,transmitter systems(i.e.,predominantly GABAergic and dopaminergic systems)and anatomical pathways that have been shown to be relevant for NAc DBS stimulation effects,we aim to further elucidate the neurobiological determinants of NAc DBS efficacy.Finally,since treatment effects of NAc DBS are most probably also related to alterations in NAc connected circuits or networks,we review studies focusing on the investigation of NAc DBS network effects.By examining these various components that are assumed to be of relevance in the context of NAc DBS,this review will hopefully contribute to increasing our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying NAc DBS and optimizing future selection of optimal DBS targets.
