Osteocytes are the main cells in mineralized bone tissue.Elevated osteocyte apoptosis has been observed in lytic bone lesions of patients with multiple myeloma.However,their precise contribution to bone metastasis rem...Osteocytes are the main cells in mineralized bone tissue.Elevated osteocyte apoptosis has been observed in lytic bone lesions of patients with multiple myeloma.However,their precise contribution to bone metastasis remains unclear.Here,we investigated the pathogenic mechanisms driving melanoma-induced osteocyte death.Both in vivo models and in vitro assays were combined with untargeted RNA sequencing approaches to explore the pathways governing melanoma-induced osteocyte death.We could show that ferroptosis is the primary mechanism behind osteocyte death in the context of melanoma bone metastasis.HMOX1 was identified as a crucial regulatory factor in this process,directly involved in inducing ferroptosis and affecting osteocyte viability.We uncover a non-canonical pathway that involves excessive autophagy-mediated ferritin degradation,highlighting the complex relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis in melanoma-induced osteocyte death.In addition,HIF1αpathway was shown as an upstream regulator,providing a potential target for modulating HMOX1 expression and influencing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.In conclusion,our study provides insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of osteocyte death induced by melanoma bone metastasis,with a specific focus on ferroptosis and its regulation.This would enhance our comprehension of melanoma-induced osteocyte death.展开更多
The deterioration of the sleeper support on the ballasted track begins with the accumulation of sleeper voids.The increased dynamic loading in the voided zone and the ballast contact conditions cause the accelerated g...The deterioration of the sleeper support on the ballasted track begins with the accumulation of sleeper voids.The increased dynamic loading in the voided zone and the ballast contact conditions cause the accelerated growth of the settlements in the voided zones,which results in the appearance of local instabilities like ballast breakdown,white spots,subgrade defects,etc.The recent detection and quantification of the sleeper voids with track-side and onboard monitoring can help to avoid or delay the development of local instabilities.The present paper is devoted to the study of the dynamic behavior of railway track with sleeper voids in the ballast breakdown zone.The result of the experimental track-side measurements of rail acceleration and deflection is presented.The analysis shows the existence of the dynamic impact during wheel entry in the voided zone.However,the measured dynamic impact is subjected to the bias of the track-side measurement method.Both the mechanism of the impact and the measurement aspects are explained by using the one-beam model on viscoelastic foundation.The void features in the dynamic behavior are analyzed for the purpose of track-side and onboard monitoring.A practical method of the void parameter quantification is proposed.展开更多
Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer drug delivery,and recent research continues to focus on the development of“one-size-fits-all,”i.e.,“all-in-one”delivery nanovehicles.Although nanomedicines can address sign...Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer drug delivery,and recent research continues to focus on the development of“one-size-fits-all,”i.e.,“all-in-one”delivery nanovehicles.Although nanomedicines can address significant shortcomings of conventional therapy,biological barriers remain a challenge in their delivery and accumulation at diseased sites.To achieve long circulation time,immune evasion,and targeted accumulation,conventional nanocarriers need modifications,e.g.,PEGylation,peptide/aptamer attachment,etc.One such modification is a biomimetic coating using cell membrane(CM),which can offer long circulation or targeting,or both.This top-down CM coating process is facile and can provide some advantageous features over surface modification by synthetic polymers.Herein,an overview is provided on the engineering of CM camouflaged polymer nanoparticles.A short section on CM and the development of CM coating technology has been provided.Detailed description of the preparation and characterization of CM camouflaged polymer NPs and their applications in cancer treatment has been reported.A brief comparison between CM coating and PEGylation has been highlighted.Various targeting approaches to achieve tumor-specific delivery of CM coated NPs have been summarized here.Overall,this review will give the readers a nice picture of CM coated polymer NPs,along with their opportunities and challenges.展开更多
An improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships(BPRs)along environmental gradients is crucial for effective ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation.The stress-gradient hypothesis sugges...An improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships(BPRs)along environmental gradients is crucial for effective ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation.The stress-gradient hypothesis suggests that BPRs are stronger in stressful environments compared to more favorable conditions.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the variation of BPRs along elevational gradients and their generality across different landscapes.To study how BPRs change with elevation,we harnessed inventory data on 6,431 trees from152 plots surveyed twice in eight to ten year intervals in mountain forests of temperate Europe and subtropical Asia.We quantified the relationship between aboveground productivity and different biodiversity measures,including taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity.To elucidate the processes underlying BPRs,we studied the variation of different functional traits along elevation across landscapes.We found no general pattern of BPRs across landscapes and elevations.Relationships were neutral for all biodiversity measures in temperate forests,and negative for taxonomic and functional diversity in subtropical forests.BPRs were largely congruent between taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic diversity.We found only weak support for the stress-gradient hypothesis,with BPRs turning from negative to positive(effect not significant)close to the tree line in subtropical forests.In temperate forests,however,elevation patterns were strongly modulated by species identity effects as influenced by specific traits.The effect of traits such as community-weighted mean of maximum plant height and wood density on productivity was congruent across landscapes.Our study highlights the context-dependence of BPRs across elevation gradients and landscapes.Species traits are key modulating factors of BPRs and should be considered more explicitly in studies of the functional role of biodiversity.Furthermore,our findings highlight that potential trade-offs between conserving biodiversity and fostering ecosystem productivity exist,which require more attention in policy and management.展开更多
In the post-lithium-ion battery era,calcium-ion batteries(CIBs)are considered a desirable candidate due to their great physicochemical and economic properties.Unfortunately,the lack of high-performance cathode materia...In the post-lithium-ion battery era,calcium-ion batteries(CIBs)are considered a desirable candidate due to their great physicochemical and economic properties.Unfortunately,the lack of high-performance cathode materials has limited the development of CIBs to a large extent.Metal oxides are the most studied CIB cathodes by virtue of their superior electrochemical performance,cost advantages,and scalable synthesis.Among numerous metal oxides,layered vanadium oxides are a popular option because of their unique structural properties and high Ca^(2+)storage capability.Herein,VO2(B)nanofibers,a typical layered vanadium oxide,are synthesized by a simple one-step synthesis method using a commercial precursor.Employing as a CIB cathode,it could deliver high reversible capacities of 97.5 mAh·g^(-1) at 5 A·g^(-1) after 1000 cycles and 74.6 mAh·g^(-1) at 10 A·g^(-1) after 2000 cycles.Moreover,a CIB full battery assembled by perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide as an anode and the nanofiber as a cathode achieved a specific capacity of 38.8 mAh·g^(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A·g^(-1) even over 30,000 cycles.This work may provide CIBs with a promising cathode material that can be produced on a large scale and at a low cost.展开更多
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2)has been FDA-approved for lumbar fusion,but supraphysiologic initial burst release due to suboptimal carrier and late excess bone resorption caused by osteoclast ...Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2)has been FDA-approved for lumbar fusion,but supraphysiologic initial burst release due to suboptimal carrier and late excess bone resorption caused by osteoclast activation have limited its clinical usage.One strategy to mitigate the pro-osteoclast side effect of rhBMP-2 is to give systemic bisphosphonates,but it presents challenges with systemic side effects and low local bioavailability.The aim of this in vivo study was to analyze if posterolateral spinal fusion(PLF)could be improved by utilizing a calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatite(CaS/HA)carrier co-delivering rhBMP-2 and zoledronic acid(ZA).Six groups were allocated(CaS/HA,CaS/HA+BMP-2,CaS/HA+systemic ZA,CaS/HA+local ZA,CaS/HA+BMP-2+systemic ZA,and CaS/HA+BMP-2+local ZA).10-week-old male Wistar rats,were randomly assigned to undergo L4-L5 PLF with implantation of group-dependent scaffolds.At 3 and 6 weeks,the animals were euthanized for radiography,μCT,histological staining,or biomechanical testing to evaluate spinal fusion.The results demonstrated that the CaS/HA biomaterial alone or in combination with local or systemic ZA didn’t support PLF.However,the delivery of rhBMP-2 significantly promoted PLF.Combining systemic ZA with rhBMP-2 didn’t enhance spinal fusion.Notably,the co-delivery of rhBMP-2 and ZA using the CaS/HA carrier significantly enhanced and accelerated PLF,without inhibiting systemic bone turnover,and potentially reduced the dose of rhBMP-2.Together,the treatment regimen of CaS/HA biomaterial co-delivering rhBMP-2 and ZA could potentially be a safe and cost-effective off-the-shelf bioactive bone substitute to enhance spinal fusion.展开更多
Choosing the best way for describing physical reality has always been standing in focus of research.Several methodologies have been developed based on classical mathematics,or statistics and also new disciplines-such ...Choosing the best way for describing physical reality has always been standing in focus of research.Several methodologies have been developed based on classical mathematics,or statistics and also new disciplines-such as soft-computing techniques-appeared.Petri Nets as one of the most naturalistic modeling methodologies are well suited to describe complex process in general.However in some fields of modeling the describing power of basic Petri Nets proved not to be robust enough,therefore several exten-sions were made to the original concept.Colored tokens(Colored Petri Nets),stochastic delayed streaming of mobile entities(Stochastic Petri Nets),object oriented architecture(Object Oriented Petri Nets),numerical(Numerical Petri Nets)and linguistic attributes(Fuzzy Petri Nets)broaden the range of capabilities.In some fields of problem solv-ing,usage of static and mobile knowledge bases is needed:e.g.,flexible manufacturing systems,or intelligent traffic simulation.These problems to be investigated involved new conceptual developments of Petri Nets and led to the introduction of Knowledge Attributed Petri Nets.At the same time distributed control in simulation appeared,intelligent agents supported the connection of mobile knowledge bases and static infer-ence engines in an effective way.The mentioned extensions brought general support in model synthesis,but some unsolved questions remained related to the implementation of intelligent mobile entities.This paper highlights a new level of AI controlled simulation introducing the Extended Knowledge Attributed Petri Nets that offer the capability of easy implementation of mobile inference engines and knowledge base,providing general mobile AI in Petri Nets.展开更多
Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology o...Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material analysis.Being spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample properties.The rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online feedback.Here we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOM detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of 100 mGy.The detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton source.The experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.展开更多
Measurements based on optical microscopy can be severely impaired if the access exhibits variations of the refractive index.In the case of fluctuating liquid-gas boundaries,refraction introduces dynamical aberrations ...Measurements based on optical microscopy can be severely impaired if the access exhibits variations of the refractive index.In the case of fluctuating liquid-gas boundaries,refraction introduces dynamical aberrations that increase the measurement uncertainty.This is prevalent at multiphase flows(e.g.droplets,film flows)that occur in many technical applications as for example in coating and cleaning processes and the water management in fuel cells.In this paper,we present a novel approach based on adaptive optics for correcting the dynamical aberrations in real time and thus reducing the measurement uncertainty.The shape of the fluctuating water-air interface is sampled with a reflecting light beam(Fresnel Guide Star)and a Hartmann-Shack sensor which makes it possible to correct its influence with a deformable mirror in a closed loop.Three-dimensional flow measurements are achieved by using a double-helix point spread function.We measure the flow inside a sessile,oscillating 50-μl droplet on an opaque gas diffusion layer for fuel cells and show that the temporally varying refraction at the droplet surface causes a systematic underestimation of the flow field magnitude corresponding to the first droplet eigenmode which plays a major role in their detachment mechanism.We demonstrate that the adaptive optics correction is able to reduce this systematic error.Hence,the adaptive optics system can pave the way to a deeper understanding of water droplet formation and detachment which can help to improve the efficiency of fuels cells.展开更多
Flexible electronics has emerged as a continuously growing field of study.Two-dimensional(2D)materials often act as conductors and electrodes in elec-tronic devices,holding significant promise in the design of high-pe...Flexible electronics has emerged as a continuously growing field of study.Two-dimensional(2D)materials often act as conductors and electrodes in elec-tronic devices,holding significant promise in the design of high-performance,flexible electronics.Numerous studies have focused on harnessing the potential of these materials for the development of such devices.However,to date,the incorporation of 2D materials in flexible electronics has rarely been summa-rized or reviewed.Consequently,there is an urgent need to develop compre-hensive reviews for rapid updates on this evolving landscape.This review covers progress in complex material architectures based on 2D materials,including interfaces,heterostructures,and 2D/polymer composites.Addition-ally,it explores flexible and wearable energy storage and conversion,display and touch technologies,and biomedical applications,together with integrated design solutions.Although the pursuit of high-performance and high-sensitivity instruments remains a primary objective,the integrated design of flexible electronics with 2D materials also warrants consideration.By combin-ing multiple functionalities into a singular device,augmented by machine learning and algorithms,we can potentially surpass the performance of existing wearable technologies.Finally,we briefly discuss the future trajectory of this burgeoning field.This review discusses the recent advancements in flex-ible sensors made from 2D materials and their applications in integrated archi-tecture and device design.展开更多
基金funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the european union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant agreement ERC co-LS4 ODE(AB)and ERC Synergy Grant 4D Nanoscope(GS))Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG-Project number 501752319-TRR369-DIONE-Project No A02 and B05,FOR 2886(TP02),CRC1181(TPA01)DFG funding(450993414)Thunder Imager and the Leibniz Award(GS)。
文摘Osteocytes are the main cells in mineralized bone tissue.Elevated osteocyte apoptosis has been observed in lytic bone lesions of patients with multiple myeloma.However,their precise contribution to bone metastasis remains unclear.Here,we investigated the pathogenic mechanisms driving melanoma-induced osteocyte death.Both in vivo models and in vitro assays were combined with untargeted RNA sequencing approaches to explore the pathways governing melanoma-induced osteocyte death.We could show that ferroptosis is the primary mechanism behind osteocyte death in the context of melanoma bone metastasis.HMOX1 was identified as a crucial regulatory factor in this process,directly involved in inducing ferroptosis and affecting osteocyte viability.We uncover a non-canonical pathway that involves excessive autophagy-mediated ferritin degradation,highlighting the complex relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis in melanoma-induced osteocyte death.In addition,HIF1αpathway was shown as an upstream regulator,providing a potential target for modulating HMOX1 expression and influencing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.In conclusion,our study provides insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of osteocyte death induced by melanoma bone metastasis,with a specific focus on ferroptosis and its regulation.This would enhance our comprehension of melanoma-induced osteocyte death.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of Swiss Federal Railways with the experimental measurements.
文摘The deterioration of the sleeper support on the ballasted track begins with the accumulation of sleeper voids.The increased dynamic loading in the voided zone and the ballast contact conditions cause the accelerated growth of the settlements in the voided zones,which results in the appearance of local instabilities like ballast breakdown,white spots,subgrade defects,etc.The recent detection and quantification of the sleeper voids with track-side and onboard monitoring can help to avoid or delay the development of local instabilities.The present paper is devoted to the study of the dynamic behavior of railway track with sleeper voids in the ballast breakdown zone.The result of the experimental track-side measurements of rail acceleration and deflection is presented.The analysis shows the existence of the dynamic impact during wheel entry in the voided zone.However,the measured dynamic impact is subjected to the bias of the track-side measurement method.Both the mechanism of the impact and the measurement aspects are explained by using the one-beam model on viscoelastic foundation.The void features in the dynamic behavior are analyzed for the purpose of track-side and onboard monitoring.A practical method of the void parameter quantification is proposed.
文摘Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer drug delivery,and recent research continues to focus on the development of“one-size-fits-all,”i.e.,“all-in-one”delivery nanovehicles.Although nanomedicines can address significant shortcomings of conventional therapy,biological barriers remain a challenge in their delivery and accumulation at diseased sites.To achieve long circulation time,immune evasion,and targeted accumulation,conventional nanocarriers need modifications,e.g.,PEGylation,peptide/aptamer attachment,etc.One such modification is a biomimetic coating using cell membrane(CM),which can offer long circulation or targeting,or both.This top-down CM coating process is facile and can provide some advantageous features over surface modification by synthetic polymers.Herein,an overview is provided on the engineering of CM camouflaged polymer nanoparticles.A short section on CM and the development of CM coating technology has been provided.Detailed description of the preparation and characterization of CM camouflaged polymer NPs and their applications in cancer treatment has been reported.A brief comparison between CM coating and PEGylation has been highlighted.Various targeting approaches to achieve tumor-specific delivery of CM coated NPs have been summarized here.Overall,this review will give the readers a nice picture of CM coated polymer NPs,along with their opportunities and challenges.
基金supported by the Sino-German Postdoc Scholarship Program of the China Scholarship Council(CSC)the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)+4 种基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32071541,41971071)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2021FY100200,2021FY100702,2023YFF0805802)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2021392)the International Partnership Program,CAS(No.151853KYSB20190027)the“Climate Change Research Initiative of the Bavarian National Parks”funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection.
文摘An improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships(BPRs)along environmental gradients is crucial for effective ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation.The stress-gradient hypothesis suggests that BPRs are stronger in stressful environments compared to more favorable conditions.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the variation of BPRs along elevational gradients and their generality across different landscapes.To study how BPRs change with elevation,we harnessed inventory data on 6,431 trees from152 plots surveyed twice in eight to ten year intervals in mountain forests of temperate Europe and subtropical Asia.We quantified the relationship between aboveground productivity and different biodiversity measures,including taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity.To elucidate the processes underlying BPRs,we studied the variation of different functional traits along elevation across landscapes.We found no general pattern of BPRs across landscapes and elevations.Relationships were neutral for all biodiversity measures in temperate forests,and negative for taxonomic and functional diversity in subtropical forests.BPRs were largely congruent between taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic diversity.We found only weak support for the stress-gradient hypothesis,with BPRs turning from negative to positive(effect not significant)close to the tree line in subtropical forests.In temperate forests,however,elevation patterns were strongly modulated by species identity effects as influenced by specific traits.The effect of traits such as community-weighted mean of maximum plant height and wood density on productivity was congruent across landscapes.Our study highlights the context-dependence of BPRs across elevation gradients and landscapes.Species traits are key modulating factors of BPRs and should be considered more explicitly in studies of the functional role of biodiversity.Furthermore,our findings highlight that potential trade-offs between conserving biodiversity and fostering ecosystem productivity exist,which require more attention in policy and management.
基金financially supported by the Education Department of Liaoning Province(No.JYTQN2023285)the Shenyang University of Technology(No.QNPY202209-4)+7 种基金the Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University,Ministry of Education)the Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province(No.2024-BSLH-172)the China Scholarship Council(No.202408320117)for the financial supportthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52307243)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230537)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M741451)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.23KJB140003)the Jiangsu University Advanced Talent Research Startup Fund(No.22JDG052).
文摘In the post-lithium-ion battery era,calcium-ion batteries(CIBs)are considered a desirable candidate due to their great physicochemical and economic properties.Unfortunately,the lack of high-performance cathode materials has limited the development of CIBs to a large extent.Metal oxides are the most studied CIB cathodes by virtue of their superior electrochemical performance,cost advantages,and scalable synthesis.Among numerous metal oxides,layered vanadium oxides are a popular option because of their unique structural properties and high Ca^(2+)storage capability.Herein,VO2(B)nanofibers,a typical layered vanadium oxide,are synthesized by a simple one-step synthesis method using a commercial precursor.Employing as a CIB cathode,it could deliver high reversible capacities of 97.5 mAh·g^(-1) at 5 A·g^(-1) after 1000 cycles and 74.6 mAh·g^(-1) at 10 A·g^(-1) after 2000 cycles.Moreover,a CIB full battery assembled by perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide as an anode and the nanofiber as a cathode achieved a specific capacity of 38.8 mAh·g^(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A·g^(-1) even over 30,000 cycles.This work may provide CIBs with a promising cathode material that can be produced on a large scale and at a low cost.
基金L.L.thanks the Olav Thon Foundation(Grant Number:21-90)for financial supportD.B.R.thanks Maggie-Stephens Foundation(Grant Number:20202004)+1 种基金Sten K Johnson Foundation(Grant Number:2021-0592)The Crafoord Foundation(2021-0550)for research grants.
文摘Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2)has been FDA-approved for lumbar fusion,but supraphysiologic initial burst release due to suboptimal carrier and late excess bone resorption caused by osteoclast activation have limited its clinical usage.One strategy to mitigate the pro-osteoclast side effect of rhBMP-2 is to give systemic bisphosphonates,but it presents challenges with systemic side effects and low local bioavailability.The aim of this in vivo study was to analyze if posterolateral spinal fusion(PLF)could be improved by utilizing a calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatite(CaS/HA)carrier co-delivering rhBMP-2 and zoledronic acid(ZA).Six groups were allocated(CaS/HA,CaS/HA+BMP-2,CaS/HA+systemic ZA,CaS/HA+local ZA,CaS/HA+BMP-2+systemic ZA,and CaS/HA+BMP-2+local ZA).10-week-old male Wistar rats,were randomly assigned to undergo L4-L5 PLF with implantation of group-dependent scaffolds.At 3 and 6 weeks,the animals were euthanized for radiography,μCT,histological staining,or biomechanical testing to evaluate spinal fusion.The results demonstrated that the CaS/HA biomaterial alone or in combination with local or systemic ZA didn’t support PLF.However,the delivery of rhBMP-2 significantly promoted PLF.Combining systemic ZA with rhBMP-2 didn’t enhance spinal fusion.Notably,the co-delivery of rhBMP-2 and ZA using the CaS/HA carrier significantly enhanced and accelerated PLF,without inhibiting systemic bone turnover,and potentially reduced the dose of rhBMP-2.Together,the treatment regimen of CaS/HA biomaterial co-delivering rhBMP-2 and ZA could potentially be a safe and cost-effective off-the-shelf bioactive bone substitute to enhance spinal fusion.
基金This project is supported by the grant TAMOP-4.2.2.B-10/1-2010-0009.
文摘Choosing the best way for describing physical reality has always been standing in focus of research.Several methodologies have been developed based on classical mathematics,or statistics and also new disciplines-such as soft-computing techniques-appeared.Petri Nets as one of the most naturalistic modeling methodologies are well suited to describe complex process in general.However in some fields of modeling the describing power of basic Petri Nets proved not to be robust enough,therefore several exten-sions were made to the original concept.Colored tokens(Colored Petri Nets),stochastic delayed streaming of mobile entities(Stochastic Petri Nets),object oriented architecture(Object Oriented Petri Nets),numerical(Numerical Petri Nets)and linguistic attributes(Fuzzy Petri Nets)broaden the range of capabilities.In some fields of problem solv-ing,usage of static and mobile knowledge bases is needed:e.g.,flexible manufacturing systems,or intelligent traffic simulation.These problems to be investigated involved new conceptual developments of Petri Nets and led to the introduction of Knowledge Attributed Petri Nets.At the same time distributed control in simulation appeared,intelligent agents supported the connection of mobile knowledge bases and static infer-ence engines in an effective way.The mentioned extensions brought general support in model synthesis,but some unsolved questions remained related to the implementation of intelligent mobile entities.This paper highlights a new level of AI controlled simulation introducing the Extended Knowledge Attributed Petri Nets that offer the capability of easy implementation of mobile inference engines and knowledge base,providing general mobile AI in Petri Nets.
基金partially supported by H2020 Laserlab Europe V (PRISES, Contract No. 871124)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Impulse (Grant agreement No. 871161)the support of the Weizmann-Helmholtz Laboratory for Laser Matter Interaction (WHELMI)
文摘Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material analysis.Being spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample properties.The rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online feedback.Here we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOM detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of 100 mGy.The detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton source.The experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.
基金project IGF-Nr.21190 BG/2 from the research association DECHEMA e.V.is supported by the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy through the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations(AiF)as part of the programme for promoting industrial cooperative research(IGF)on the basis of a decision by the German Bundestag.Furthermore,this work is partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)-BU 2241/6-1.
文摘Measurements based on optical microscopy can be severely impaired if the access exhibits variations of the refractive index.In the case of fluctuating liquid-gas boundaries,refraction introduces dynamical aberrations that increase the measurement uncertainty.This is prevalent at multiphase flows(e.g.droplets,film flows)that occur in many technical applications as for example in coating and cleaning processes and the water management in fuel cells.In this paper,we present a novel approach based on adaptive optics for correcting the dynamical aberrations in real time and thus reducing the measurement uncertainty.The shape of the fluctuating water-air interface is sampled with a reflecting light beam(Fresnel Guide Star)and a Hartmann-Shack sensor which makes it possible to correct its influence with a deformable mirror in a closed loop.Three-dimensional flow measurements are achieved by using a double-helix point spread function.We measure the flow inside a sessile,oscillating 50-μl droplet on an opaque gas diffusion layer for fuel cells and show that the temporally varying refraction at the droplet surface causes a systematic underestimation of the flow field magnitude corresponding to the first droplet eigenmode which plays a major role in their detachment mechanism.We demonstrate that the adaptive optics correction is able to reduce this systematic error.Hence,the adaptive optics system can pave the way to a deeper understanding of water droplet formation and detachment which can help to improve the efficiency of fuels cells.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFE0124200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2241221)+9 种基金J.P.thanks the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province for Excellent Young Scholars(YQ2022041)the fund(No.SKT2203)from the State Key Laboratories of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences for support.W.Z.thanks the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2021CXGC010603)NSFC(No.52022037)Taishan Scholars Project Special Funds(TSQN201812083)The Project was supported by the Foundation(No.GZKF202107)of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingQilu University of Technology,Shandong Academy of Sciences.M.H.R.thanks NSFC(No.52071225)the National Science Center and the Czech Republic under the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)“Institute of Environmental Technology-Excellent Research”(No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000853)the SinoGerman Center for Research Promotion(SGC)for support(No.GZ 1400).
文摘Flexible electronics has emerged as a continuously growing field of study.Two-dimensional(2D)materials often act as conductors and electrodes in elec-tronic devices,holding significant promise in the design of high-performance,flexible electronics.Numerous studies have focused on harnessing the potential of these materials for the development of such devices.However,to date,the incorporation of 2D materials in flexible electronics has rarely been summa-rized or reviewed.Consequently,there is an urgent need to develop compre-hensive reviews for rapid updates on this evolving landscape.This review covers progress in complex material architectures based on 2D materials,including interfaces,heterostructures,and 2D/polymer composites.Addition-ally,it explores flexible and wearable energy storage and conversion,display and touch technologies,and biomedical applications,together with integrated design solutions.Although the pursuit of high-performance and high-sensitivity instruments remains a primary objective,the integrated design of flexible electronics with 2D materials also warrants consideration.By combin-ing multiple functionalities into a singular device,augmented by machine learning and algorithms,we can potentially surpass the performance of existing wearable technologies.Finally,we briefly discuss the future trajectory of this burgeoning field.This review discusses the recent advancements in flex-ible sensors made from 2D materials and their applications in integrated archi-tecture and device design.
