This study was performed in order to determine visitation at remote areas that would be unaffordable due to logistic reasons. Four TrafxTM vehicle counters, each programmed with different settings, were placed along t...This study was performed in order to determine visitation at remote areas that would be unaffordable due to logistic reasons. Four TrafxTM vehicle counters, each programmed with different settings, were placed along the lone access road to remotely sense the daily use activities and count accuracy at the New Underwood Lake Public Water Access Area. Use was corroborated during daylight hours with game cameras. Data was stratified between weekdays/weekends due to differences between the two periods. Two counter settings, threshold and delay, were best when set at a value of 8, but a value of 16 for delay provided almost equal results. Overall, there were 38 counts of use per day for a total of 2318 over the 61 day period. This study demonstrated how vehicle counters, in combination with game cameras for verification, can aid managers for determining use in remote access areas. Future work may lead to identifying details for producing a surrogate to traditional angler use surveys.展开更多
Same-sex mounts provide male juvenile golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)with opportunities to practice heterosexual copulatory skills and are often followed by grooming(post-mounting grooming,PMG).We h...Same-sex mounts provide male juvenile golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)with opportunities to practice heterosexual copulatory skills and are often followed by grooming(post-mounting grooming,PMG).We hypothesized that juveniles acted as the mountee and provided mounting opportunities to receive grooming from their peer mounter.Here,we observed same-sex mounts among male juveniles(N=5)in a captive group of R.roxellana in Shanghai Wild Animal Park,China,from November 2014 to June 2015.Among 1,044 mounts recorded,45.40% were accompanied by PMG initiated by the mounter and only 3.74% were followed by PMG initiated by the mountee.Mountees were more likely to receive PMG when they performed a mounting solicitation than when they did not,or when they were mounted for a longer time(even if they did not solicit).Over a long timeframe(1 month),mountee’s tended to choose partners who groomed them more often than others after mounting,regardless of how long the grooming lasted.However,whether the mounter groomed the mountee did not predict the mounting direction in their subsequent mount.Our results suggest that,in the context of same-sex mounts,juveniles provide mounting opportunities to receive grooming from peers on a long-term,rather than on a short-term basis.This study provides the first evidence that juveniles’same-sex mounting strategy may be associated with the grooming market in nonhuman primates,which necessitates further investigation with large free-ranging groups due to the limited sample size of individuals and the captive setting of the current study.展开更多
Mountains serve as exceptional natural laboratories for studying biodiversity due to their heterogeneous landforms and climatic zones.The Himalaya,a global biodiversity hotspot,hosts rich endemic flora,supports vital ...Mountains serve as exceptional natural laboratories for studying biodiversity due to their heterogeneous landforms and climatic zones.The Himalaya,a global biodiversity hotspot,hosts rich endemic flora,supports vital ecosystem functions,and offers a unique window into multifaceted plant diversity patterns.This review synthesizes research on Himalayan plant diversity,including species,phylogenetic,functional,and genetic dimensions,highlighting knowledge gaps and solutions.Research on Himalayan plant diversity has developed significantly.However,gaps remain,especially in studies on phylogenetic and functional diversity.The region's vegetation ranges from tropical rainforests to alpine ecosystems,with species richness typically following a hump-shaped distribution along elevation gradients.The eastern Himalaya exhibits higher plant diversity than the central and western regions.Low-elevation communities were found to be more functionally diverse,whereas high-elevation communities displayed greater ecological specialization.Communities at mid-elevations tend to show greater phylogenetic diversity than those at higher and lower elevations.The eastern and western flanks of the Himalaya retain high levels of genetic diversity and serve as glacial refugia,whereas the central region acts as a hybrid zone for closely related species.Himalayan plant diversity is shaped by historical,climatic,ecological and anthropogenic factors across space and time.However,this rich biodiversity is increasingly threatened by environmental change and growing anthropogenic pressures.Unfortunately,research efforts are constrained by spatial biases and the lack of transnational initiatives and collaborative studies,which could significantly benefit from interdisciplinary approaches,and other coordinated actions.These efforts are vital to safeguarding the Himalayan natural heritage.展开更多
[目的/意义]专利价值评估涉及到专利技术引进、开发、实施、许可、转让和融资等企业专利技术管理的各个环节。因此,专利价值研究成果是企业专利技术管理研究的重要组成部分。[方法/过程]基于Web of Science数据库,利用CiteSpace软件,从...[目的/意义]专利价值评估涉及到专利技术引进、开发、实施、许可、转让和融资等企业专利技术管理的各个环节。因此,专利价值研究成果是企业专利技术管理研究的重要组成部分。[方法/过程]基于Web of Science数据库,利用CiteSpace软件,从发文时间分布、主要发文国家、被引频次、关键文献、高频关键词和突变术语等角度,对国内外关于专利价值的研究成果进行分析,进而探求专利技术管理的发展历程、核心问题、演进路径、研究热点和前沿趋势。[结果/结论]专利价值相关研究成果和人员主要来源于美国、中国、英国和德国等国家,专利价值研究是企业专利技术管理的重要构成部分,法律价值是专利价值的前提和保障,而专利引证是企业专利技术管理及应用的前沿与趋势。展开更多
文摘This study was performed in order to determine visitation at remote areas that would be unaffordable due to logistic reasons. Four TrafxTM vehicle counters, each programmed with different settings, were placed along the lone access road to remotely sense the daily use activities and count accuracy at the New Underwood Lake Public Water Access Area. Use was corroborated during daylight hours with game cameras. Data was stratified between weekdays/weekends due to differences between the two periods. Two counter settings, threshold and delay, were best when set at a value of 8, but a value of 16 for delay provided almost equal results. Overall, there were 38 counts of use per day for a total of 2318 over the 61 day period. This study demonstrated how vehicle counters, in combination with game cameras for verification, can aid managers for determining use in remote access areas. Future work may lead to identifying details for producing a surrogate to traditional angler use surveys.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901083,31872250,and 31401985)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M663796).
文摘Same-sex mounts provide male juvenile golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)with opportunities to practice heterosexual copulatory skills and are often followed by grooming(post-mounting grooming,PMG).We hypothesized that juveniles acted as the mountee and provided mounting opportunities to receive grooming from their peer mounter.Here,we observed same-sex mounts among male juveniles(N=5)in a captive group of R.roxellana in Shanghai Wild Animal Park,China,from November 2014 to June 2015.Among 1,044 mounts recorded,45.40% were accompanied by PMG initiated by the mounter and only 3.74% were followed by PMG initiated by the mountee.Mountees were more likely to receive PMG when they performed a mounting solicitation than when they did not,or when they were mounted for a longer time(even if they did not solicit).Over a long timeframe(1 month),mountee’s tended to choose partners who groomed them more often than others after mounting,regardless of how long the grooming lasted.However,whether the mounter groomed the mountee did not predict the mounting direction in their subsequent mount.Our results suggest that,in the context of same-sex mounts,juveniles provide mounting opportunities to receive grooming from peers on a long-term,rather than on a short-term basis.This study provides the first evidence that juveniles’same-sex mounting strategy may be associated with the grooming market in nonhuman primates,which necessitates further investigation with large free-ranging groups due to the limited sample size of individuals and the captive setting of the current study.
基金funded by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(ZDBS-LY-7001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170398,42211540718,W2433074,32071541)+6 种基金the CAS“Light of West China”Programthe Xingdian Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0026)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan(202201AT070222)the Fund of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics(CWR-2024-04)funding from the China Scholarship Council(202304910135,202304910138)for their oneyear study at the University of Toronto,Canadathe Pakistan Science Foundation&NSFC for the joint venture under the project(PSF-NSFC/JSEP/BIO/COAU(04))surpported by the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2023ZKZD36).
文摘Mountains serve as exceptional natural laboratories for studying biodiversity due to their heterogeneous landforms and climatic zones.The Himalaya,a global biodiversity hotspot,hosts rich endemic flora,supports vital ecosystem functions,and offers a unique window into multifaceted plant diversity patterns.This review synthesizes research on Himalayan plant diversity,including species,phylogenetic,functional,and genetic dimensions,highlighting knowledge gaps and solutions.Research on Himalayan plant diversity has developed significantly.However,gaps remain,especially in studies on phylogenetic and functional diversity.The region's vegetation ranges from tropical rainforests to alpine ecosystems,with species richness typically following a hump-shaped distribution along elevation gradients.The eastern Himalaya exhibits higher plant diversity than the central and western regions.Low-elevation communities were found to be more functionally diverse,whereas high-elevation communities displayed greater ecological specialization.Communities at mid-elevations tend to show greater phylogenetic diversity than those at higher and lower elevations.The eastern and western flanks of the Himalaya retain high levels of genetic diversity and serve as glacial refugia,whereas the central region acts as a hybrid zone for closely related species.Himalayan plant diversity is shaped by historical,climatic,ecological and anthropogenic factors across space and time.However,this rich biodiversity is increasingly threatened by environmental change and growing anthropogenic pressures.Unfortunately,research efforts are constrained by spatial biases and the lack of transnational initiatives and collaborative studies,which could significantly benefit from interdisciplinary approaches,and other coordinated actions.These efforts are vital to safeguarding the Himalayan natural heritage.
文摘[目的/意义]专利价值评估涉及到专利技术引进、开发、实施、许可、转让和融资等企业专利技术管理的各个环节。因此,专利价值研究成果是企业专利技术管理研究的重要组成部分。[方法/过程]基于Web of Science数据库,利用CiteSpace软件,从发文时间分布、主要发文国家、被引频次、关键文献、高频关键词和突变术语等角度,对国内外关于专利价值的研究成果进行分析,进而探求专利技术管理的发展历程、核心问题、演进路径、研究热点和前沿趋势。[结果/结论]专利价值相关研究成果和人员主要来源于美国、中国、英国和德国等国家,专利价值研究是企业专利技术管理的重要构成部分,法律价值是专利价值的前提和保障,而专利引证是企业专利技术管理及应用的前沿与趋势。
