The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examinin...The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.展开更多
Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between...Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between eight peanut cultivars and 27 wild species carrying the A,B,E,Ex,F,K,P,and H genomes.Embryo culture and chromosome doubling led to polyploids representing hybrids between cultivated peanut and A.stenosperma,A.macedoi,A.duranensis,A.villosa,and A.diogoi.The first two showed greater resistance to bacterial wilt than their cultivated parents.DNA markers were developed for verifying the hybrids and for identifying translocation or introgression lines with alien chromosome fragments.展开更多
Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysacc...Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysaccharides,sucrose,and phospholipids as well as secondary products(Stasolla et al.,2003;Pareek et al.,2020).Thus,the synthesis of purines is a critical pathway in the cells of all living organisms.Purines can be synthesized through two pathways:de novo and salvage(Stasolla et al.,2003).Recent investigations revealed that purine synthesis is vital for the proper development of chloroplasts in plants.In Arabidopsis,CIA1 encodes the enzyme glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase,which catalyzes the first committed step of purine de novo biosynthesis,the loss-of-function mutant cia1 shows small,pale-green mosaic leaves(Hung et al.,2004).In rice,both VAL1 and GARS encode glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase that mediates the second step in purine biosynthesis.展开更多
Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific ...Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat(IR)oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner.The OligoGISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species.The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A-and E-genome Arachis species,the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-,F-,K-,and E-genome species,and neither set stained those of H-genome species.These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species.The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M1generation,allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified.Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping,FISH using single-copy probe libraries,and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M3generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod.These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in peanut.展开更多
To study the incentive mechanisms of cooperation, we propose a preference rewarding mechanism in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game, which simultaneously considers reputational preference, other-regarding preference...To study the incentive mechanisms of cooperation, we propose a preference rewarding mechanism in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game, which simultaneously considers reputational preference, other-regarding preference and the dynamic adjustment of vertex weight. The vertex weight of a player is adaptively adjusted according to the comparison result of his own reputation and the average reputation value of his immediate neighbors. Players are inclined to pay a personal cost to reward the cooperative neighbor with the greatest vertex weight. The vertex weight of a player is proportional to the preference rewards he can obtain from direct neighbors. We find that the preference rewarding mechanism significantly facilitates the evolution of cooperation, and the dynamic adjustment of vertex weight has powerful effect on the emergence of cooperative behavior. To validate multiple effects, strategy distribution and the average payoff and fitness of players are discussed in a microcosmic view.展开更多
Through the analysis on the migratory diffusion process of atmospheric pollutants,we proposed to seek atmospheric pollutant source with surface soil sample of data.Based on Gaussian plume model and deposition model,at...Through the analysis on the migratory diffusion process of atmospheric pollutants,we proposed to seek atmospheric pollutant source with surface soil sample of data.Based on Gaussian plume model and deposition model,atmospheric pollutants distribution model was deduced,with which a schema matching source seeking model was established.The model was used to seek the pollutant source by using the arsenic data in the surface soil sample of a city.展开更多
Fucoidan,a sulfate polysaccharide obtained from brown seaweed,has various bioactive properties,including anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,anti-viral,anti-oxidant,anti-coagulant,anti-thrombotic,anti-angiogenic,and anti-He...Fucoidan,a sulfate polysaccharide obtained from brown seaweed,has various bioactive properties,including anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,anti-viral,anti-oxidant,anti-coagulant,anti-thrombotic,anti-angiogenic,and anti-Helicobacter pylori properties.However,the effects of low-molecular-weight fucoidan(LMW-F)on melanoma cell lines and three dimensional(3D)cell culture models are not well understood.This study aimed to investigate the effects of LMW-F on A375 human melanoma cells and cryopreserved biospecimens derived from patients with advanced melanoma.Ultrasonic wave was used to fragment fucoidan derived from Fucus vesiculosus into smaller LMW-F.MTT and live/dead assays showed that LMW-F inhibited cell proliferation in both A375 cells and patientderived melanoma explants in a 3D-printed collagen scaffold.The PTEN/AKT pathway was found to be involved in the anti-melanoma effects of fucoidan.Western blot analysis revealed that LMW-F reduced the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at Thr 56,which was associated with the prevention of anti-apoptotic activity of cancer cells.Our findings suggested that LMW-F could enhance anti-melanoma chemotherapy and improve the outcomes of patients with melanoma resistance.展开更多
准确的高铁沿线风速预测是铁路灾害预警系统的基础需求,为了提升应对和处理强风灾害致突发事件的能力,提出一种基于减法平均优化(subtraction average based optimizer,SABO)算法优化长短时记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)神经网络...准确的高铁沿线风速预测是铁路灾害预警系统的基础需求,为了提升应对和处理强风灾害致突发事件的能力,提出一种基于减法平均优化(subtraction average based optimizer,SABO)算法优化长短时记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)神经网络的高铁沿线短期风速预测方法。首先,针对风速非线性和非平稳特性,采用极小化极大(min-max,MM)方法对风速数据进行归一化处理;其次,采用SABO算法中的“-v”方法对LSTM模型的关键参数搜索寻优,并构建风速预测模型;最后,以中国宝兰高铁沿线风速采集点采集的实测风速数据为例,对模型进行有效性检验。实验结果表明:SABO算法的寻优效果更加良好,预测精度更高,所建模型的平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)、平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)和均方根误差(route mean square error,RMSE)分别仅为11.96%、1.23%和16.47%,决定系数(r-square,R^(2))为0.995。与其他模型相比,通过SABO算法优化后的LSTM神经网络在短期风速预测上具有较好的拟合效果和更高的预测精度,可为高铁沿线大风预测预警提供一种新的方法和思路。展开更多
谷子(Setaria italica P. Beauv.)作为C4模式植物,具有较强的抗旱性,但干旱仍是制约其生长和产量的重要因素。为探究谷子耐旱性突变体(Drought-resistant mutant)的抗旱生理机制,以野生型‘豫谷28’和其耐旱性突变体(drm1-1)为材料,采...谷子(Setaria italica P. Beauv.)作为C4模式植物,具有较强的抗旱性,但干旱仍是制约其生长和产量的重要因素。为探究谷子耐旱性突变体(Drought-resistant mutant)的抗旱生理机制,以野生型‘豫谷28’和其耐旱性突变体(drm1-1)为材料,采用盆栽法分析了干旱胁迫下野生型与drm1-1在孕穗期和花后10 d的光合特性和抗旱性。结果显示,在正常条件下,drm1-1诱导了谷子光合作用相关的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因pepc、丙酮酸磷酸双激酶基因ppdk以及苹果酸酶基因nadp-me的表达,显著提高了相应酶的活性,也使得drm1-1的光合速率较野生型显著提高。在干旱胁迫条件下,drm1-1的光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数与正常条件相比,下降幅度显著小于野生型,具有显著的光合优势,同时drm1-1叶片的相对含水量与正常条件相比,下降的幅度显著小于野生型,而渗透调节物含量及抗氧化物酶活性均较野生型显著增加;且drm1-1的持水能力及抗旱性能更强。产量性状分析表明,干旱胁迫条件下drm1-1具有突出的产量优势。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301851)。
文摘The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272153)Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Joint Fund(232301420025)+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200200)the Key Research Project of the Shennong Laboratory(SN01-2022-03)Independent Innovation Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024ZC024)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System(S2012-5).
文摘Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between eight peanut cultivars and 27 wild species carrying the A,B,E,Ex,F,K,P,and H genomes.Embryo culture and chromosome doubling led to polyploids representing hybrids between cultivated peanut and A.stenosperma,A.macedoi,A.duranensis,A.villosa,and A.diogoi.The first two showed greater resistance to bacterial wilt than their cultivated parents.DNA markers were developed for verifying the hybrids and for identifying translocation or introgression lines with alien chromosome fragments.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202485)the Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024JQ02)+1 种基金the Zhongyuan Sci-Tech Innovation Leading Talents(Grant No.244200510041)the Key SciTech R&D Project of Joint Foundation in Henan Province(Grant No.232301420024).
文摘Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysaccharides,sucrose,and phospholipids as well as secondary products(Stasolla et al.,2003;Pareek et al.,2020).Thus,the synthesis of purines is a critical pathway in the cells of all living organisms.Purines can be synthesized through two pathways:de novo and salvage(Stasolla et al.,2003).Recent investigations revealed that purine synthesis is vital for the proper development of chloroplasts in plants.In Arabidopsis,CIA1 encodes the enzyme glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase,which catalyzes the first committed step of purine de novo biosynthesis,the loss-of-function mutant cia1 shows small,pale-green mosaic leaves(Hung et al.,2004).In rice,both VAL1 and GARS encode glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase that mediates the second step in purine biosynthesis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801397)Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2020JQ03)+3 种基金Independent Innovation Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2022ZC69)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(201300111000)Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System(S2012-5)。
文摘Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat(IR)oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner.The OligoGISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species.The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A-and E-genome Arachis species,the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-,F-,K-,and E-genome species,and neither set stained those of H-genome species.These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species.The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M1generation,allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified.Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping,FISH using single-copy probe libraries,and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M3generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod.These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in peanut.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62062049)the Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20YJCZH212)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(Grant No.20JR5RA390).
文摘To study the incentive mechanisms of cooperation, we propose a preference rewarding mechanism in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game, which simultaneously considers reputational preference, other-regarding preference and the dynamic adjustment of vertex weight. The vertex weight of a player is adaptively adjusted according to the comparison result of his own reputation and the average reputation value of his immediate neighbors. Players are inclined to pay a personal cost to reward the cooperative neighbor with the greatest vertex weight. The vertex weight of a player is proportional to the preference rewards he can obtain from direct neighbors. We find that the preference rewarding mechanism significantly facilitates the evolution of cooperation, and the dynamic adjustment of vertex weight has powerful effect on the emergence of cooperative behavior. To validate multiple effects, strategy distribution and the average payoff and fitness of players are discussed in a microcosmic view.
文摘Through the analysis on the migratory diffusion process of atmospheric pollutants,we proposed to seek atmospheric pollutant source with surface soil sample of data.Based on Gaussian plume model and deposition model,atmospheric pollutants distribution model was deduced,with which a schema matching source seeking model was established.The model was used to seek the pollutant source by using the arsenic data in the surface soil sample of a city.
基金supported by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(Grant 2017R1A6A03015562 and RS-2023-00237386).
文摘Fucoidan,a sulfate polysaccharide obtained from brown seaweed,has various bioactive properties,including anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,anti-viral,anti-oxidant,anti-coagulant,anti-thrombotic,anti-angiogenic,and anti-Helicobacter pylori properties.However,the effects of low-molecular-weight fucoidan(LMW-F)on melanoma cell lines and three dimensional(3D)cell culture models are not well understood.This study aimed to investigate the effects of LMW-F on A375 human melanoma cells and cryopreserved biospecimens derived from patients with advanced melanoma.Ultrasonic wave was used to fragment fucoidan derived from Fucus vesiculosus into smaller LMW-F.MTT and live/dead assays showed that LMW-F inhibited cell proliferation in both A375 cells and patientderived melanoma explants in a 3D-printed collagen scaffold.The PTEN/AKT pathway was found to be involved in the anti-melanoma effects of fucoidan.Western blot analysis revealed that LMW-F reduced the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at Thr 56,which was associated with the prevention of anti-apoptotic activity of cancer cells.Our findings suggested that LMW-F could enhance anti-melanoma chemotherapy and improve the outcomes of patients with melanoma resistance.
文摘准确的高铁沿线风速预测是铁路灾害预警系统的基础需求,为了提升应对和处理强风灾害致突发事件的能力,提出一种基于减法平均优化(subtraction average based optimizer,SABO)算法优化长短时记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)神经网络的高铁沿线短期风速预测方法。首先,针对风速非线性和非平稳特性,采用极小化极大(min-max,MM)方法对风速数据进行归一化处理;其次,采用SABO算法中的“-v”方法对LSTM模型的关键参数搜索寻优,并构建风速预测模型;最后,以中国宝兰高铁沿线风速采集点采集的实测风速数据为例,对模型进行有效性检验。实验结果表明:SABO算法的寻优效果更加良好,预测精度更高,所建模型的平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)、平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)和均方根误差(route mean square error,RMSE)分别仅为11.96%、1.23%和16.47%,决定系数(r-square,R^(2))为0.995。与其他模型相比,通过SABO算法优化后的LSTM神经网络在短期风速预测上具有较好的拟合效果和更高的预测精度,可为高铁沿线大风预测预警提供一种新的方法和思路。
文摘谷子(Setaria italica P. Beauv.)作为C4模式植物,具有较强的抗旱性,但干旱仍是制约其生长和产量的重要因素。为探究谷子耐旱性突变体(Drought-resistant mutant)的抗旱生理机制,以野生型‘豫谷28’和其耐旱性突变体(drm1-1)为材料,采用盆栽法分析了干旱胁迫下野生型与drm1-1在孕穗期和花后10 d的光合特性和抗旱性。结果显示,在正常条件下,drm1-1诱导了谷子光合作用相关的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因pepc、丙酮酸磷酸双激酶基因ppdk以及苹果酸酶基因nadp-me的表达,显著提高了相应酶的活性,也使得drm1-1的光合速率较野生型显著提高。在干旱胁迫条件下,drm1-1的光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数与正常条件相比,下降幅度显著小于野生型,具有显著的光合优势,同时drm1-1叶片的相对含水量与正常条件相比,下降的幅度显著小于野生型,而渗透调节物含量及抗氧化物酶活性均较野生型显著增加;且drm1-1的持水能力及抗旱性能更强。产量性状分析表明,干旱胁迫条件下drm1-1具有突出的产量优势。
