Planning for water quality management is important for facilitating sustainable socio-economic development;however, the planning is also complicated by a variety of uncertainties and nonlinearities. In this study, an ...Planning for water quality management is important for facilitating sustainable socio-economic development;however, the planning is also complicated by a variety of uncertainties and nonlinearities. In this study, an interval-parameter fuzzy robust nonlinear programming (IFRNP) model was developed for water quality management to deal with such difficulties. The developed model incorporated interval nonlinear programming (INP) and fuzzy robust programming (FRP) methods within a general optimization framework. The developed IFRNP model not only could explicitly deal with uncertainties represented as discrete interval numbers and fuzzy membership functions, but also was able to deal with nonlinearities in the objective function.展开更多
The dynamics of Cd scavenging from solutions by Fe/Mn oxides in natural surface coatings （NSCs） was investigated under laboratory conditions. Selective extraction methods were employed to estimate the contributions ...The dynamics of Cd scavenging from solutions by Fe/Mn oxides in natural surface coatings （NSCs） was investigated under laboratory conditions. Selective extraction methods were employed to estimate the contributions of Fe/Mn oxides, where hydroxylamine hydrochloride （0.01 mol/L NH2OH-HCl ＋ 0.01 mol/L HNO3）, sodium dithionite （0.4 mol/L Na2S2O4） and nitric acid （10% HNO3） were used as extraction reagents. The Cd scavenging was accomplished with developing periods of the NSCs （totally 21 data sets）. The resulting process dynamics fitted well to the Elovich equation, demonstrating that the amount of Cd scavenged was proportional to the increments of Fe/Mn oxides that were accumulated in the NSCs. The amount of Cd bound to Fe oxides （MCdFe） and Mn oxides （MCdMn） could be quantified by solving two equations based on the properties of two extraction reagents. The amount of Cd scavenged by Fe/Mn oxides could also be estimated using MCdFe and MCdMn divided by the total amounts of Fe and Mn oxides in the NSCs, respectively. The results indicated that the Cd scavenging by Fe/Mn oxides was dominated by Fe oxides, with less roles attributed to Mn oxides. The estimated levels of Cd scavenging through Fe and Mn oxides agreed well with those predicted through additive-adsorption and linear-regression models.展开更多
Bench-scale treatments with three mixtures of Mg and P salts, including K3PO4＋MgSO4, K2HPO4＋MgSO4, and KH2PO4＋MgSO4 as additives in a simulated food waste aerobic composting process, were conducted to test the magn...Bench-scale treatments with three mixtures of Mg and P salts, including K3PO4＋MgSO4, K2HPO4＋MgSO4, and KH2PO4＋MgSO4 as additives in a simulated food waste aerobic composting process, were conducted to test the magnesium ammonium phosphate（MAP） formation, and the compost products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS） analyses. The comparison results between XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses of MAPs in the dried compost and synthesized MAPs confirm the formation of MAP crystals in the simulated food waste aerobic composting process. The analysis of the compost also indicates that the addition of all the three mixtures of Mg and P salts in the aerobic composting process can increase nitrogen conservation and decrease nitrogen loss because of the formation of MAPs. The mechanism of MAP formation was verified as the reaction of ammonium（NH4＋） with magnesium（Mg^2＋） and phosphate[HnPO4^（3-n） , n=0, 1, and 2）.展开更多
Teamtheory analyzes cooperative decision-makingamongmultiple agents that share acommon objective while possessing different information.In team problems with nonclassical information structures,the classical separatio...Teamtheory analyzes cooperative decision-makingamongmultiple agents that share acommon objective while possessing different information.In team problems with nonclassical information structures,the classical separation collapses and prevents the formulation of a classical dynamic programming(DP)decomposition.This article focuses on a two-member dynamic team.Weshow how to construct information states that are independent of control strategies for both a centralised manager and individual members,which allows us to formulate a classical DP over the space of the decisions,recovering a separation-like architecture in decentralised settings.展开更多
The pressing impacts of climate change and the imperative for adaptation strategies emphasize the immediate necessity for proactive global measures.These challenges encompass the enhancement of climate modeling,the de...The pressing impacts of climate change and the imperative for adaptation strategies emphasize the immediate necessity for proactive global measures.These challenges encompass the enhancement of climate modeling,the development of sector-tailored strategies,and the implementation of adaptation measures.Addressing these issues necessitates worldwide collaborations,sustainable practices,technological innovations.展开更多
The implementation of carbon capture and storage in the petrochemical industry is one of the means of decarbonization.This research focuses on a comprehensive technical analysis of the deployment of post-combustion ca...The implementation of carbon capture and storage in the petrochemical industry is one of the means of decarbonization.This research focuses on a comprehensive technical analysis of the deployment of post-combustion carbon capture and storage based on monoethanolamine absorption in the petrochemical industry.The olefin complex petrochemical industry in Tuban,Indonesia,is the basis for the analysis,which includes a steam cracker,polyethylene,polypropylene,and raw pyrolysis gasoline hydrotreating units,with capacities of 1000,940,600,and 570 kilotons/year,respectively.The total energy consumption is about 16024.53 GJ/h,and the CO_(2) emissions are about 1.6 megatons/year.Based on these plant systems,comprehensive technical analyses of the implementation of carbon capture and storage in that industry were performed using Aspen HYSYS®simulation software.Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the total CO_(2) captured,energy intensity,monoethanolamine consumption,and net CO_(2) captured in various scenarios based on the number of absorber column stages,absorption pressure,and desorption temperature.The CO_(2) storage site is about 100 km away and is transported by an onshore pipeline with a supercritical phase of CO_(2).The optimal net CO_(2) capture value is achieved by setting up a 50-stage absorber column with a pressure of 1 barg and a temperature of 110℃ at the top of the desorber column,resulting in a CO_(2) capture yield of 86.4%and an energy intensity of 12.6 GJ/ton CO_(2).Under these conditions,the net CO_(2) captured in the scenario based on gas power plants’electricity is 0.225 megatons/year,while in the scenario based on gas power plants incorporating 30%biomass electricity,it is 0.544 megatons/year.With increased use of renewable energy in carbon capture and storage facilities,more net CO_(2) is captured.This study can be applied to various cases of post-combustion carbon capture and storage implementation in the industrial sector,especially in the petrochemical industry.展开更多
文摘Planning for water quality management is important for facilitating sustainable socio-economic development;however, the planning is also complicated by a variety of uncertainties and nonlinearities. In this study, an interval-parameter fuzzy robust nonlinear programming (IFRNP) model was developed for water quality management to deal with such difficulties. The developed model incorporated interval nonlinear programming (INP) and fuzzy robust programming (FRP) methods within a general optimization framework. The developed IFRNP model not only could explicitly deal with uncertainties represented as discrete interval numbers and fuzzy membership functions, but also was able to deal with nonlinearities in the objective function.
基金The National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB3418501)
文摘The dynamics of Cd scavenging from solutions by Fe/Mn oxides in natural surface coatings （NSCs） was investigated under laboratory conditions. Selective extraction methods were employed to estimate the contributions of Fe/Mn oxides, where hydroxylamine hydrochloride （0.01 mol/L NH2OH-HCl ＋ 0.01 mol/L HNO3）, sodium dithionite （0.4 mol/L Na2S2O4） and nitric acid （10% HNO3） were used as extraction reagents. The Cd scavenging was accomplished with developing periods of the NSCs （totally 21 data sets）. The resulting process dynamics fitted well to the Elovich equation, demonstrating that the amount of Cd scavenged was proportional to the increments of Fe/Mn oxides that were accumulated in the NSCs. The amount of Cd bound to Fe oxides （MCdFe） and Mn oxides （MCdMn） could be quantified by solving two equations based on the properties of two extraction reagents. The amount of Cd scavenged by Fe/Mn oxides could also be estimated using MCdFe and MCdMn divided by the total amounts of Fe and Mn oxides in the NSCs, respectively. The results indicated that the Cd scavenging by Fe/Mn oxides was dominated by Fe oxides, with less roles attributed to Mn oxides. The estimated levels of Cd scavenging through Fe and Mn oxides agreed well with those predicted through additive-adsorption and linear-regression models.
基金Supported by the Scholarship from China Scholarship Council(No.22822053)
文摘Bench-scale treatments with three mixtures of Mg and P salts, including K3PO4＋MgSO4, K2HPO4＋MgSO4, and KH2PO4＋MgSO4 as additives in a simulated food waste aerobic composting process, were conducted to test the magnesium ammonium phosphate（MAP） formation, and the compost products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS） analyses. The comparison results between XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses of MAPs in the dried compost and synthesized MAPs confirm the formation of MAP crystals in the simulated food waste aerobic composting process. The analysis of the compost also indicates that the addition of all the three mixtures of Mg and P salts in the aerobic composting process can increase nitrogen conservation and decrease nitrogen loss because of the formation of MAPs. The mechanism of MAP formation was verified as the reaction of ammonium（NH4＋） with magnesium（Mg^2＋） and phosphate[HnPO4^（3-n） , n=0, 1, and 2）.
基金supported in part by National Science Foundation NSF under Grants CNS-2401007,CMMI-2348381,IIS-2415478in part by MathWorks.
文摘Teamtheory analyzes cooperative decision-makingamongmultiple agents that share acommon objective while possessing different information.In team problems with nonclassical information structures,the classical separation collapses and prevents the formulation of a classical dynamic programming(DP)decomposition.This article focuses on a two-member dynamic team.Weshow how to construct information states that are independent of control strategies for both a centralised manager and individual members,which allows us to formulate a classical DP over the space of the decisions,recovering a separation-like architecture in decentralised settings.
文摘The pressing impacts of climate change and the imperative for adaptation strategies emphasize the immediate necessity for proactive global measures.These challenges encompass the enhancement of climate modeling,the development of sector-tailored strategies,and the implementation of adaptation measures.Addressing these issues necessitates worldwide collaborations,sustainable practices,technological innovations.
文摘The implementation of carbon capture and storage in the petrochemical industry is one of the means of decarbonization.This research focuses on a comprehensive technical analysis of the deployment of post-combustion carbon capture and storage based on monoethanolamine absorption in the petrochemical industry.The olefin complex petrochemical industry in Tuban,Indonesia,is the basis for the analysis,which includes a steam cracker,polyethylene,polypropylene,and raw pyrolysis gasoline hydrotreating units,with capacities of 1000,940,600,and 570 kilotons/year,respectively.The total energy consumption is about 16024.53 GJ/h,and the CO_(2) emissions are about 1.6 megatons/year.Based on these plant systems,comprehensive technical analyses of the implementation of carbon capture and storage in that industry were performed using Aspen HYSYS®simulation software.Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the total CO_(2) captured,energy intensity,monoethanolamine consumption,and net CO_(2) captured in various scenarios based on the number of absorber column stages,absorption pressure,and desorption temperature.The CO_(2) storage site is about 100 km away and is transported by an onshore pipeline with a supercritical phase of CO_(2).The optimal net CO_(2) capture value is achieved by setting up a 50-stage absorber column with a pressure of 1 barg and a temperature of 110℃ at the top of the desorber column,resulting in a CO_(2) capture yield of 86.4%and an energy intensity of 12.6 GJ/ton CO_(2).Under these conditions,the net CO_(2) captured in the scenario based on gas power plants’electricity is 0.225 megatons/year,while in the scenario based on gas power plants incorporating 30%biomass electricity,it is 0.544 megatons/year.With increased use of renewable energy in carbon capture and storage facilities,more net CO_(2) is captured.This study can be applied to various cases of post-combustion carbon capture and storage implementation in the industrial sector,especially in the petrochemical industry.
