In order to meet the urgent need of infrared search and track applications for accurate identification and positioning of infrared guidance aircraft,an active-detection mid-wave infrared search and track system(ADMWIR...In order to meet the urgent need of infrared search and track applications for accurate identification and positioning of infrared guidance aircraft,an active-detection mid-wave infrared search and track system(ADMWIRSTS)based on"cat-eye effect"was developed.The ADMWIRSTS mainly consists of both a light beam control subsystem and an infrared search and track subsystem.The light beam control subsystem uses an integrated opto-mechanical two-dimensional pointing mirror to realize the control function of the azimuth and pitch directions of the system,which can cover the whole airspace range of 360°×90°.The infrared search and track subsystem uses two mid-wave infrared cooled 640×512 focal plane detectors for co-aperture beam expanding,infrared and illumination laser beam combining,infrared search,and two-stage track opto-mechanical design.In this work,the system integration design and structural finite-element analysis were conducted,the search imaging and two-stage track imaging for external scenes were performed,and the active-detection technologies were experimentally verified in the laboratory.The experimental investigation results show that the system can realize the infrared search and track imaging,and the accurate identification and positioning of the mid-wave infrared guidance,or infrared detection system through the echo of the illumination laser.The aforementioned work has important technical significance and practical application value for the development of compactly-integrated high-precision infrared search and track,and laser suppression system,and has broad application prospects in the protection of equipment,assets and infrastructures.展开更多
Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core cros...Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core crosstalk.In this paper,we demonstrate a realtime high-speed SDM transmission system over a field-deployed 7-core MCF cable using commercial 400 Gbit/s backbone optical transport network(OTN)transceivers and a network management system.The transceivers employ a high noise-tolerant quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK)modulation format with a 130 Gbaud rate,enabled by optoelectronic multi-chip module(OE-MCM)packaging.The network management system can effectively manage and monitor the performance of the 7-core SDM OTN system and promptly report failure events through alarms.Our field trial demonstrates the compatibility of uncoupled MCF with high-speed OTN transmission equipment and network management systems,supporting its future deployment in next-generation high-speed terrestrial cable transmission networks.展开更多
Energy storage batteries can smooth the volatility of renewable energy sources.The operating conditions during power grid integration of renewable energy can affect the performance and failure risk of battery energy s...Energy storage batteries can smooth the volatility of renewable energy sources.The operating conditions during power grid integration of renewable energy can affect the performance and failure risk of battery energy storage system(BESS).However,the current modeling of grid-connected BESS is overly simplistic,typically only considering state of charge(SOC)and power constraints.Detailed lithium(Li)-ion battery cell models are computationally intensive and impractical for real-time applications and may not be suitable for power grid operating conditions.Additionally,there is a lack of real-time batteries risk assessment frameworks.To address these issues,in this study,we establish a thermal-electric-performance(TEP)coupling model based on a multitime scale BESS model,incorporating the electrical and thermal characteristics of Li-ion batteries along with their performance degradation to achieve detailed simulation of grid-connected BESS.Additionally,considering the operating characteristics of energy storage batteries and electrical and thermal abuse factors,we developed a battery pack operational riskmodel,which takes into account SOCand charge-discharge rate(Cr),using amodified failure rate to represent the BESS risk.By integrating detailed simulation of energy storage with predictive failure risk analysis,we obtained a detailed model for BESS risk analysis.This model offers a multi-time scale integrated simulation that spans month-level energy storage simulation times,day-level performance degradation,minutescale failure rate,and second-level BESS characteristics.It offers a critical tool for the study of BESS.Finally,the performance and risk of energy storage batteries under three scenarios—microgrid energy storage,wind power smoothing,and power grid failure response—are simulated,achieving a real-time state-dependent operational risk analysis of the BESS.展开更多
Due to the increasing amount of photovoltaic (PV)-based power generation being connected to power systems, issues pertaining to the integration of the PV-based generators have attracted intense attention. In this conn...Due to the increasing amount of photovoltaic (PV)-based power generation being connected to power systems, issues pertaining to the integration of the PV-based generators have attracted intense attention. In this connection, the design of a PV-based stabilizer for enhancing power system dynamic stability is examined. The damping action is achieved through the independent control of real power flow from the stabilizer and voltage at the point of common coupling between the stabilizer and grid system. The stabilizer system is designed based on classical frequency response technique. Robustness of the proposed control strategy in enhancing network dynamic stability is demonstrated through computer simulation.展开更多
For China,one of its most important commitments is to realize its“3060”targets of achieving a CO_(2) emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.However,for a developing country with heavy carbon utilization...For China,one of its most important commitments is to realize its“3060”targets of achieving a CO_(2) emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.However,for a developing country with heavy carbon utilization,achieving carbon neutrality in a short period necessitates tough changes.This paper briefly introduces energy and electricity scenarios and analyzes the challenges based on the current power system in China.Moreover,it summarizes the six characteristics of China’s future power grid and highlights some partially representative projects in the country.展开更多
Because of the large-scale integration of wind power,the dynamic characteristics of power system have many uncertain effects.Based on deterministic analysis methods,traditional on-line security assessment system canno...Because of the large-scale integration of wind power,the dynamic characteristics of power system have many uncertain effects.Based on deterministic analysis methods,traditional on-line security assessment system cannot quantitatively estimate the actual operating conditions of the power system for only considering the most serious and credible accidents.Therefore,the risk theory is introduced into an on-line security assessment system and then an on-line risk assessment system for wind power is designed and implemented by combining with the dynamic security assessment system.Based on multiple data integration,the wind power disturbance probability is available and the security assessment of the power grid can obtain security indices in different aspects.The operating risk index is an expectation of severity,computed by summing up all the products of the result probability and its severity.Analysis results are reported to the dispatchers in on-line environment,while the comprehensive weak links are automatically provided to the power dispatching center.The risk assessment system in operation can verify the reasonableness of the system.展开更多
The design concepts, modelling and implementation of various fibre optic sensor protection systems for development in concrete structures were investigated. Design concepts and on-site requirements for surface-mounted...The design concepts, modelling and implementation of various fibre optic sensor protection systems for development in concrete structures were investigated. Design concepts and on-site requirements for surface-mounted and embedded optical fibre sensor in concrete were addressed. Finite element （FE） modelling of selected sensor protection systems in strain-transfer efficiency from the structure to the sensing region was also studied. And experimental validation of specified sensor protection system was reported. Results obtained indicate that the protection system for the sensors performs adequately in concrete environment and there is very good correlation between results obtained by the protected fibre optic sensors and conventional electrical resistance strain gauges.展开更多
The hepatitis B virus is the most deadly virus,which significantly affects the human liver.The termination of the hepatitis B virus is mandatory and can be done by taking precautions as well as a suitable cure in its ...The hepatitis B virus is the most deadly virus,which significantly affects the human liver.The termination of the hepatitis B virus is mandatory and can be done by taking precautions as well as a suitable cure in its introductory stage;otherwise,it will become a severe problem and make a human liver suffer from the most dangerous diseases,such as liver cancer.In this paper,two medical diagnostic systems are developed for the diagnosis of this life-threatening virus.The methodologies used to develop thesemodels are fuzzy logic and the neuro-fuzzy technique.The diverse parameters that assist in the evaluation of performance are also determined by using the observed values from the proposed system for both developedmodels.The classification accuracy of a multilayered fuzzy inference system is 94%.The accuracy with which the developed medical diagnostic system by using Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Interference System(ANFIS)classifies the result corresponding to the given input is 95.55%.The comparison of both developed models on the basis of their performance parameters has been made.It is observed that the neuro-fuzzy technique-based diagnostic system has better accuracy in classifying the infected and non-infected patients as compared to the fuzzy diagnostic system.Furthermore,the performance evaluation concluded that the outcome given by the developed medical diagnostic system by using ANFIS is accurate and correct as compared to the developed fuzzy inference system and also can be used in hospitals for the diagnosis of Hepatitis B disease.In other words,the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system has more capability to classify the provided inputs adequately than the fuzzy inference system.展开更多
With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things paradigm,a tremendous number of applications and services that require minimal or no human involvement have been developed to enhance the quality of everyday life in var...With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things paradigm,a tremendous number of applications and services that require minimal or no human involvement have been developed to enhance the quality of everyday life in various domains.In order to ensure that such services provide their functionalities with the expected quality,it is essential tomeasure and evaluate this quality,which can be in some cases a challenging task due to the lack of human intervention and feedback.Recently,the vast majority of the Quality of Experience QoE works mainly address the multimedia services.However,the introduction of Internet of Things IoT has brought a new level of complexity into the field of QoE evaluation.With the emerging of the new IoT technologies such as machine to machine communication and artificial intelligence,there is a crucial demand to utilize additional evaluation metrics alongside the traditional subjective and objective human factors and network quality factors.In this systematic review,a comprehensive survey of the QoE evaluation in IoT is presented.It reviews the existing quality of experience definitions,influencing factors,metrics,and models.The review is concluded by identifying the current gaps in the literature and suggested some future research directions accordingly.展开更多
In the last few decades, in the world and also in the European Union, considerable resources had been invested in the rapid development of renewable energy sources and distributed generation in general. At the same ti...In the last few decades, in the world and also in the European Union, considerable resources had been invested in the rapid development of renewable energy sources and distributed generation in general. At the same time, power consumption is continuously increasing, and consumers are becoming more complex, which ultimately requires new investments in the distribution network. Concept of smart grids is generally accepted as a possible solution. Smart grid is a concept with many elements, where monitoring and control of every element in the chain of production, transmission, distribution and final consumption enable much more efficient delivery and use of electricity. One of the elements of smart grid efficiency is the ability of real-time demand-supply balancing. This balancing is carried out by monitoring of consumption and redistribution of electricity among individual end users, according to their needs. The aim of this paper is creating algorithm for real-time load management using power measurements. Algorithm for real-time load management at the ETFOS （Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Osijek）, Croatia is created based on measurements of photovoltaic power plant production, the power consumption of air conditioning system and the faculty building total electricity consumption. Expected result of real-time re-dispatching of air conditioners consumption, depending on the level of electricity production in photovoltaic power plant is decreasing peak demand of the faculty.展开更多
The wind power generation is increasing in many countries as a result of decreasing technology costs, active government policies for renewable energy sources, environmental concerns, etc.. This paper investigates the ...The wind power generation is increasing in many countries as a result of decreasing technology costs, active government policies for renewable energy sources, environmental concerns, etc.. This paper investigates the impact of wind power generation on ATC （available transmission capacity） calculation. In order to determine the maximum incremental MW transfer possible between two parts of a power system without violating any specified limits, ATCs are calculated. When calculating ATC values, it is necessary to assume production and consumption pattern in power system. Production of wind power depends on the wind speed, which is a random variable and it is impossible to forecast exactly the production of wind power that is needed for the ATCs calculation. In order to investigate influence of the stochastic wind power production on the ATCs value, computer model of Croatian electric power system is made in Power World Simulator. ATCs are calculated for southern part of Croatian power system in which besides wind power, hydro power plants are only type of power generation. Available wind speed measurements are used as input data for wind power production. The results of the ATC calculation for different scenario of wind power production and location in the Southern Croatian power system are presented and discussed in the paper.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Students face difficulties in programming languages learning (PLL) which encourages many scholars to investigate the factors behind that. Although there a number of p...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Students face difficulties in programming languages learning (PLL) which encourages many scholars to investigate the factors behind that. Although there a number of positive and negative factors found to be effective in PLL procedure, utilising online tools in PLL were recognized as a positive recommended means. This motivates many researchers to provide solutions and proposals which result in a number of choices and options. However, categorising those efforts and showing what has been done, would provide a better and clear image for future studies. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review to show what studies have been done and then categorise them based on the type of online tools and the aims of the research. The study follows Kitchenham and Charters guidelines for writing SLR (Systematic Literature Review). The search result reached 1390 publications between 2013-09/2018. After the filtration which has been done through selected criteria, 160 publications were found to be adequate to answer the review questions. The main results of this systematic review are categorizing the aims of the studies in online PLL tools, classifying the tools and finding the current trends of the online PLL tools.</span>展开更多
The rapid evolution of malware presents a critical cybersecurity challenge,rendering traditional signature-based detection methods ineffective against novel variants.This growing threat affects individuals,organizatio...The rapid evolution of malware presents a critical cybersecurity challenge,rendering traditional signature-based detection methods ineffective against novel variants.This growing threat affects individuals,organizations,and governments,highlighting the urgent need for robust malware detection mechanisms.Conventional machine learning-based approaches rely on static and dynamicmalware analysis and often struggle to detect previously unseen threats due to their dependency on predefined signatures.Although machine learning algorithms(MLAs)offer promising detection capabilities,their reliance on extensive feature engineering limits real-time applicability.Deep learning techniques mitigate this issue by automating feature extraction but may introduce computational overhead,affecting deployment efficiency.This research evaluates classical MLAs and deep learningmodels to enhance malware detection performance across diverse datasets.The proposed approach integrates a novel text and imagebased detection framework,employing an optimized Support Vector Machine(SVM)for textual data analysis and EfficientNet-B0 for image-based malware classification.Experimental analysis,conducted across multiple train-test splits over varying timescales,demonstrates 99.97%accuracy on textual datasets using SVM and 96.7%accuracy on image-based datasets with EfficientNet-B0,significantly improving zero-day malware detection.Furthermore,a comparative analysis with existing competitive techniques,such as Random Forest,XGBoost,and CNN-based(Convolutional Neural Network)classifiers,highlights the superior performance of the proposed model in terms of accuracy,efficiency,and robustness.展开更多
We theoretically and experimentally investigate thermal dynamics involved soliton microcomb generation in silicon oxynitride microresonators. Importantly, auxiliary laser heat balance scheme with flexible thermal mani...We theoretically and experimentally investigate thermal dynamics involved soliton microcomb generation in silicon oxynitride microresonators. Importantly, auxiliary laser heat balance scheme with flexible thermal manipulation is introduced to circumvent thermal instability and the intra-cavity temperature can be tuned from 60 ℃ to 41.5 ℃ via the commercial thermoelectric controller. As a result, various perfect soliton states with ultra-smooth spectral envelopes are observed on a well-designed and fabricated microresonator with homogeneous sidewall and thickness where spatial modes interaction and distortion are eliminated. The pre-reported spectral abrupt jumps due to mode hybridization are completely avoided and solitons tail oscillation vanishes simultaneously. This reported ideal coherent comb source without residual temporal and spectral noise will facilitate practical applications such as spectroscopy, ranging and astrocomb calibration.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the expression and the regulation effect of cell growth of microRNA-577 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:qRT-PCR was applied to detect the relative expression of miR-577 in 70 paired H...Objective:To investigate the expression and the regulation effect of cell growth of microRNA-577 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:qRT-PCR was applied to detect the relative expression of miR-577 in 70 paired HCC and matched tumor adjacent tissues collecting from resection between March 2011 and March 2014.Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the miR-577 expression and clinical features.The miR-577 mimics were transfected into HepG2 cells:cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry,cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and BrdU incorporation assay,and cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and Caspase 3/7 activity analysis.The expressions ofβ-catenin were measured by immunohistochemistry.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between miR-577 and p-catenin.qRT-PCR and westernblot were used to detect the expression of p-catenin in transfected HepG2 cells.Results:The relative expressions of miR-577 was significantly lower in HCC tissues compared to the matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues(P<0.05).Low expression of miR-577 was significantly associated with large tumor size(≥5 cm,P<0.05) and advanced tumor node metastasis stage(Ⅲ+Ⅳ,P<0.05).Transfection of miR-577 mimics could inhibit repress cell proliferation,enhance cell apoptosis and block the cell cycles in G_1/G_1 phase(P<0.05).miR-577 in HCC group had a significant negative correlation relationship with the expression of downstream target of β-catenin(P<0.05).Both the mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells were down-regulated after transfection(P<0.05).Conclusions:Low expression of miR-577 is related to the malignant clinicopathological features in HCC tissues,and miR-577 may suppress HCC growth through down-regulating p-catenin.展开更多
The traffic explosion and the rising of diverse requirements lead to many challenges for traditional mobile network architecture on flexibility, scalability, and deployability. To meet new requirements in the 5 G era,...The traffic explosion and the rising of diverse requirements lead to many challenges for traditional mobile network architecture on flexibility, scalability, and deployability. To meet new requirements in the 5 G era, service based architecture is introduced into mobile networks. The monolithic network elements(e.g., MME, PGW, etc.) are split into smaller network functions to provide customized services. However, the management and deployment of network functions in service based 5 G core network are still big challenges. In this paper, we propose a novel management architecture for 5 G service based core network based on NFV and SDN. Combined with SDN, NFV and edge computing, the proposed framework can provide distributed and on-demand deployment of network functions, service guaranteed network slicing, flexible orchestration of network functions and optimal workload allocation. Simulations are conducted to show that the proposed framework and algorithm are effective in terms of reducing network operating cost.展开更多
AIM To identify the optimal oral dosing time of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction(DCQD) in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP) based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters.METHODS First, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats we...AIM To identify the optimal oral dosing time of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction(DCQD) in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP) based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters.METHODS First, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham-operated group [NG(a)] and three model groups [4 h G(a), 12 h G(a) and 24 h G(a)]. The NG(a) and model groups were administered DCQD(10 g/kg.BW) intragastrically at 4 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively, after AP models induced by 3% sodium taurocholate. Plasma samples were collected from the tails at 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after a single dosing with DCQD. Plasma and pancreatic tissue concentrations of the major components of DCQD were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. The pharmacokinetic parameters and serum amylase were detected and compared. Second, rats were divided into a sham-operated group [NG(b)] and three treatment groups [4 h G(b), 12 h G(b) and 24 h G(b)] with three corresponding control groups [MG(b)s]. Blood and pancreatic tissues were collected 24 h after a single dosing with DCQD. Serum amylase, inflammatory cytokines and pathological scores of pancreatic tissues were detected and compared.RESULTS The concentrations of emodin, naringin, honokiol, naringenin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and rheochrysidin in the 12 h G(a) group were higher than those in the 4 h G(a) group in the pancreatic tissues(P < 0.05). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration values(AUC0→t) for rhein, chrysophanol, magnolol and naringin in the 12 h G(a) group were larger than those in the 4 h G(a) or 24 h G(a) groups. The 12 h G(a) group had a higher Cmax than the other two model groups. The IL-10 levels in the 12 h G(b) and 24 h G(b) groups were higher than in the MG(b)s(96.55 ± 7.84 vs 77.46 ± 7.42, 251.22 ± 16.15 vs 99.72 ± 4.7 respectively, P < 0.05), while in the 24 h G(b) group, the IL-10 level was higher than in the other two treatment groups(251.22 ± 16.15 vs 154.41 ± 12.09/96.55 ± 7.84, P < 0.05). The IL-6 levels displayed a decrease in the 4 h G(b) and 12 h G(b) groups compared to theMG(b)s(89.99 ± 4.61 vs 147.91 ± 4.36, 90.82 ± 5.34 vs 171.44 ± 13.43, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Late-time dosing may have higher concentrations of the most major components of DCQD, with better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiinflammation than early-time dosing, which showed the late time to be the optimal dosing time of DCQD for AP.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a pancreatic inflammatory disorder that is commonly complicated by extrapancreatic organ dysfunction.Dachengqi decoction(DCQD)has a potential role in protecting the extrapancreatic ...BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a pancreatic inflammatory disorder that is commonly complicated by extrapancreatic organ dysfunction.Dachengqi decoction(DCQD)has a potential role in protecting the extrapancreatic organs,but the optimal oral administration time remains unclear.AIM To screen the appropriate oral administration time of DCQD for the protection of extrapancreatic organs based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AP rats.METHODS This study consisted of two parts.In the first part,24 rats were divided into a sham-operated group and three model groups.The four groups were intragastrically administered with DCQD(10 g/kg)at 4 h,4 h,12 h,and 24 h postoperatively,respectively.Tail vein blood was taken at nine time points after administration,and then the rats were euthanized and the extrapancreatic organ tissues were immediately collected.Finally,the concentrations of the major DCQD components in all samples were detected.In the second part,84 rats were divided into a sham-operated group,as well as 4 h,12 h,and 24 h treatment groups and corresponding control groups(4 h,12 h,and 24 h control groups).Rats in the treatment groups were intragastrically administered with DCQD(10 g/kg)at 4 h,12 h,and 24 h postoperatively,respectively,and rats in the control groups were administered with normal saline at the same time points.Then,six rats from each group were euthanized at 4 h and 24 h after administration.Serum amylase and inflammatory mediators,and pathological scores of extrapancreatic organ tissues were evaluated.RESULTS For part one,the pharmacokinetic parameters(C max,T max,T 1/2,and AUC 0→t)of the major DCQD components and the tissue distribution of most DCQD components were better when administering DCQD at the later(12 h and 24 h)time points.For part two,delayed administration of DCQD resulted in lower IL-6 and amylase levels and relatively higher IL-10 levels,and pathological injury of extrapancreatic organ tissues was slightly less at 4 h after administration,while the results were similar between the treatment and corresponding control groups at 24 h after administration.CONCLUSION Delayed administration of DCQD might reduce pancreatic exocrine secretions and ameliorate pathological injury in the extrapancreatic organs of AP rats,demonstrating that the late time is the optimal dosing time.展开更多
We introduce a new code for cosmological simulations, PHo To Ns, which incorporates features for performing massive cosmological simulations on heterogeneous high performance computer(HPC) systems and threads oriented...We introduce a new code for cosmological simulations, PHo To Ns, which incorporates features for performing massive cosmological simulations on heterogeneous high performance computer(HPC) systems and threads oriented programming. PHo To Ns adopts a hybrid scheme to compute gravitational force, with the conventional Particle-Mesh(PM) algorithm to compute the long-range force,the Tree algorithm to compute the short range force and the direct summation Particle-Particle(PP) algorithm to compute gravity from very close particles. A self-similar space filling a Peano-Hilbert curve is used to decompose the computing domain. Threads programming is advantageously used to more flexibly manage the domain communication, PM calculation and synchronization, as well as Dual Tree Traversal on the CPU+MIC platform. PHo To Ns scales well and efficiency of the PP kernel achieves68.6% of peak performance on MIC and 74.4% on CPU platforms. We also test the accuracy of the code against the much used Gadget-2 in the community and found excellent agreement.展开更多
基金Supported by the Fundamental Scientific Research Plan of China(JCKY2021130B033)。
文摘In order to meet the urgent need of infrared search and track applications for accurate identification and positioning of infrared guidance aircraft,an active-detection mid-wave infrared search and track system(ADMWIRSTS)based on"cat-eye effect"was developed.The ADMWIRSTS mainly consists of both a light beam control subsystem and an infrared search and track subsystem.The light beam control subsystem uses an integrated opto-mechanical two-dimensional pointing mirror to realize the control function of the azimuth and pitch directions of the system,which can cover the whole airspace range of 360°×90°.The infrared search and track subsystem uses two mid-wave infrared cooled 640×512 focal plane detectors for co-aperture beam expanding,infrared and illumination laser beam combining,infrared search,and two-stage track opto-mechanical design.In this work,the system integration design and structural finite-element analysis were conducted,the search imaging and two-stage track imaging for external scenes were performed,and the active-detection technologies were experimentally verified in the laboratory.The experimental investigation results show that the system can realize the infrared search and track imaging,and the accurate identification and positioning of the mid-wave infrared guidance,or infrared detection system through the echo of the illumination laser.The aforementioned work has important technical significance and practical application value for the development of compactly-integrated high-precision infrared search and track,and laser suppression system,and has broad application prospects in the protection of equipment,assets and infrastructures.
文摘Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core crosstalk.In this paper,we demonstrate a realtime high-speed SDM transmission system over a field-deployed 7-core MCF cable using commercial 400 Gbit/s backbone optical transport network(OTN)transceivers and a network management system.The transceivers employ a high noise-tolerant quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK)modulation format with a 130 Gbaud rate,enabled by optoelectronic multi-chip module(OE-MCM)packaging.The network management system can effectively manage and monitor the performance of the 7-core SDM OTN system and promptly report failure events through alarms.Our field trial demonstrates the compatibility of uncoupled MCF with high-speed OTN transmission equipment and network management systems,supporting its future deployment in next-generation high-speed terrestrial cable transmission networks.
基金Supported by Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Power Grid Safety(No.XTB51202301386).
文摘Energy storage batteries can smooth the volatility of renewable energy sources.The operating conditions during power grid integration of renewable energy can affect the performance and failure risk of battery energy storage system(BESS).However,the current modeling of grid-connected BESS is overly simplistic,typically only considering state of charge(SOC)and power constraints.Detailed lithium(Li)-ion battery cell models are computationally intensive and impractical for real-time applications and may not be suitable for power grid operating conditions.Additionally,there is a lack of real-time batteries risk assessment frameworks.To address these issues,in this study,we establish a thermal-electric-performance(TEP)coupling model based on a multitime scale BESS model,incorporating the electrical and thermal characteristics of Li-ion batteries along with their performance degradation to achieve detailed simulation of grid-connected BESS.Additionally,considering the operating characteristics of energy storage batteries and electrical and thermal abuse factors,we developed a battery pack operational riskmodel,which takes into account SOCand charge-discharge rate(Cr),using amodified failure rate to represent the BESS risk.By integrating detailed simulation of energy storage with predictive failure risk analysis,we obtained a detailed model for BESS risk analysis.This model offers a multi-time scale integrated simulation that spans month-level energy storage simulation times,day-level performance degradation,minutescale failure rate,and second-level BESS characteristics.It offers a critical tool for the study of BESS.Finally,the performance and risk of energy storage batteries under three scenarios—microgrid energy storage,wind power smoothing,and power grid failure response—are simulated,achieving a real-time state-dependent operational risk analysis of the BESS.
文摘Due to the increasing amount of photovoltaic (PV)-based power generation being connected to power systems, issues pertaining to the integration of the PV-based generators have attracted intense attention. In this connection, the design of a PV-based stabilizer for enhancing power system dynamic stability is examined. The damping action is achieved through the independent control of real power flow from the stabilizer and voltage at the point of common coupling between the stabilizer and grid system. The stabilizer system is designed based on classical frequency response technique. Robustness of the proposed control strategy in enhancing network dynamic stability is demonstrated through computer simulation.
基金supported by the SGCC(State Grid Corporation of China)technology project Analysis of System Stability Region and Control Strategy Based on Lyapunov Method(No.5100-202155304A-0-0-00).
文摘For China,one of its most important commitments is to realize its“3060”targets of achieving a CO_(2) emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.However,for a developing country with heavy carbon utilization,achieving carbon neutrality in a short period necessitates tough changes.This paper briefly introduces energy and electricity scenarios and analyzes the challenges based on the current power system in China.Moreover,it summarizes the six characteristics of China’s future power grid and highlights some partially representative projects in the country.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2011AA05A118)
文摘Because of the large-scale integration of wind power,the dynamic characteristics of power system have many uncertain effects.Based on deterministic analysis methods,traditional on-line security assessment system cannot quantitatively estimate the actual operating conditions of the power system for only considering the most serious and credible accidents.Therefore,the risk theory is introduced into an on-line security assessment system and then an on-line risk assessment system for wind power is designed and implemented by combining with the dynamic security assessment system.Based on multiple data integration,the wind power disturbance probability is available and the security assessment of the power grid can obtain security indices in different aspects.The operating risk index is an expectation of severity,computed by summing up all the products of the result probability and its severity.Analysis results are reported to the dispatchers in on-line environment,while the comprehensive weak links are automatically provided to the power dispatching center.The risk assessment system in operation can verify the reasonableness of the system.
文摘The design concepts, modelling and implementation of various fibre optic sensor protection systems for development in concrete structures were investigated. Design concepts and on-site requirements for surface-mounted and embedded optical fibre sensor in concrete were addressed. Finite element （FE） modelling of selected sensor protection systems in strain-transfer efficiency from the structure to the sensing region was also studied. And experimental validation of specified sensor protection system was reported. Results obtained indicate that the protection system for the sensors performs adequately in concrete environment and there is very good correlation between results obtained by the protected fibre optic sensors and conventional electrical resistance strain gauges.
基金This research has been funded by Direccion General de Investigaciones of Universidad Santiago de Cali under call No.01-2021。
文摘The hepatitis B virus is the most deadly virus,which significantly affects the human liver.The termination of the hepatitis B virus is mandatory and can be done by taking precautions as well as a suitable cure in its introductory stage;otherwise,it will become a severe problem and make a human liver suffer from the most dangerous diseases,such as liver cancer.In this paper,two medical diagnostic systems are developed for the diagnosis of this life-threatening virus.The methodologies used to develop thesemodels are fuzzy logic and the neuro-fuzzy technique.The diverse parameters that assist in the evaluation of performance are also determined by using the observed values from the proposed system for both developedmodels.The classification accuracy of a multilayered fuzzy inference system is 94%.The accuracy with which the developed medical diagnostic system by using Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Interference System(ANFIS)classifies the result corresponding to the given input is 95.55%.The comparison of both developed models on the basis of their performance parameters has been made.It is observed that the neuro-fuzzy technique-based diagnostic system has better accuracy in classifying the infected and non-infected patients as compared to the fuzzy diagnostic system.Furthermore,the performance evaluation concluded that the outcome given by the developed medical diagnostic system by using ANFIS is accurate and correct as compared to the developed fuzzy inference system and also can be used in hospitals for the diagnosis of Hepatitis B disease.In other words,the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system has more capability to classify the provided inputs adequately than the fuzzy inference system.
文摘With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things paradigm,a tremendous number of applications and services that require minimal or no human involvement have been developed to enhance the quality of everyday life in various domains.In order to ensure that such services provide their functionalities with the expected quality,it is essential tomeasure and evaluate this quality,which can be in some cases a challenging task due to the lack of human intervention and feedback.Recently,the vast majority of the Quality of Experience QoE works mainly address the multimedia services.However,the introduction of Internet of Things IoT has brought a new level of complexity into the field of QoE evaluation.With the emerging of the new IoT technologies such as machine to machine communication and artificial intelligence,there is a crucial demand to utilize additional evaluation metrics alongside the traditional subjective and objective human factors and network quality factors.In this systematic review,a comprehensive survey of the QoE evaluation in IoT is presented.It reviews the existing quality of experience definitions,influencing factors,metrics,and models.The review is concluded by identifying the current gaps in the literature and suggested some future research directions accordingly.
文摘In the last few decades, in the world and also in the European Union, considerable resources had been invested in the rapid development of renewable energy sources and distributed generation in general. At the same time, power consumption is continuously increasing, and consumers are becoming more complex, which ultimately requires new investments in the distribution network. Concept of smart grids is generally accepted as a possible solution. Smart grid is a concept with many elements, where monitoring and control of every element in the chain of production, transmission, distribution and final consumption enable much more efficient delivery and use of electricity. One of the elements of smart grid efficiency is the ability of real-time demand-supply balancing. This balancing is carried out by monitoring of consumption and redistribution of electricity among individual end users, according to their needs. The aim of this paper is creating algorithm for real-time load management using power measurements. Algorithm for real-time load management at the ETFOS （Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Osijek）, Croatia is created based on measurements of photovoltaic power plant production, the power consumption of air conditioning system and the faculty building total electricity consumption. Expected result of real-time re-dispatching of air conditioners consumption, depending on the level of electricity production in photovoltaic power plant is decreasing peak demand of the faculty.
文摘The wind power generation is increasing in many countries as a result of decreasing technology costs, active government policies for renewable energy sources, environmental concerns, etc.. This paper investigates the impact of wind power generation on ATC （available transmission capacity） calculation. In order to determine the maximum incremental MW transfer possible between two parts of a power system without violating any specified limits, ATCs are calculated. When calculating ATC values, it is necessary to assume production and consumption pattern in power system. Production of wind power depends on the wind speed, which is a random variable and it is impossible to forecast exactly the production of wind power that is needed for the ATCs calculation. In order to investigate influence of the stochastic wind power production on the ATCs value, computer model of Croatian electric power system is made in Power World Simulator. ATCs are calculated for southern part of Croatian power system in which besides wind power, hydro power plants are only type of power generation. Available wind speed measurements are used as input data for wind power production. The results of the ATC calculation for different scenario of wind power production and location in the Southern Croatian power system are presented and discussed in the paper.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Students face difficulties in programming languages learning (PLL) which encourages many scholars to investigate the factors behind that. Although there a number of positive and negative factors found to be effective in PLL procedure, utilising online tools in PLL were recognized as a positive recommended means. This motivates many researchers to provide solutions and proposals which result in a number of choices and options. However, categorising those efforts and showing what has been done, would provide a better and clear image for future studies. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review to show what studies have been done and then categorise them based on the type of online tools and the aims of the research. The study follows Kitchenham and Charters guidelines for writing SLR (Systematic Literature Review). The search result reached 1390 publications between 2013-09/2018. After the filtration which has been done through selected criteria, 160 publications were found to be adequate to answer the review questions. The main results of this systematic review are categorizing the aims of the studies in online PLL tools, classifying the tools and finding the current trends of the online PLL tools.</span>
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2504).
文摘The rapid evolution of malware presents a critical cybersecurity challenge,rendering traditional signature-based detection methods ineffective against novel variants.This growing threat affects individuals,organizations,and governments,highlighting the urgent need for robust malware detection mechanisms.Conventional machine learning-based approaches rely on static and dynamicmalware analysis and often struggle to detect previously unseen threats due to their dependency on predefined signatures.Although machine learning algorithms(MLAs)offer promising detection capabilities,their reliance on extensive feature engineering limits real-time applicability.Deep learning techniques mitigate this issue by automating feature extraction but may introduce computational overhead,affecting deployment efficiency.This research evaluates classical MLAs and deep learningmodels to enhance malware detection performance across diverse datasets.The proposed approach integrates a novel text and imagebased detection framework,employing an optimized Support Vector Machine(SVM)for textual data analysis and EfficientNet-B0 for image-based malware classification.Experimental analysis,conducted across multiple train-test splits over varying timescales,demonstrates 99.97%accuracy on textual datasets using SVM and 96.7%accuracy on image-based datasets with EfficientNet-B0,significantly improving zero-day malware detection.Furthermore,a comparative analysis with existing competitive techniques,such as Random Forest,XGBoost,and CNN-based(Convolutional Neural Network)classifiers,highlights the superior performance of the proposed model in terms of accuracy,efficiency,and robustness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.12204381,62205370)the fund of Natural Science Fundamental Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-QN-0645)+1 种基金Startup Funding from Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Science(24JR521001)Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan Pujiang Project(24PJD125).
文摘We theoretically and experimentally investigate thermal dynamics involved soliton microcomb generation in silicon oxynitride microresonators. Importantly, auxiliary laser heat balance scheme with flexible thermal manipulation is introduced to circumvent thermal instability and the intra-cavity temperature can be tuned from 60 ℃ to 41.5 ℃ via the commercial thermoelectric controller. As a result, various perfect soliton states with ultra-smooth spectral envelopes are observed on a well-designed and fabricated microresonator with homogeneous sidewall and thickness where spatial modes interaction and distortion are eliminated. The pre-reported spectral abrupt jumps due to mode hybridization are completely avoided and solitons tail oscillation vanishes simultaneously. This reported ideal coherent comb source without residual temporal and spectral noise will facilitate practical applications such as spectroscopy, ranging and astrocomb calibration.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Province Science Foundation for YouthQC2009C110
文摘Objective:To investigate the expression and the regulation effect of cell growth of microRNA-577 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:qRT-PCR was applied to detect the relative expression of miR-577 in 70 paired HCC and matched tumor adjacent tissues collecting from resection between March 2011 and March 2014.Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the miR-577 expression and clinical features.The miR-577 mimics were transfected into HepG2 cells:cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry,cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and BrdU incorporation assay,and cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and Caspase 3/7 activity analysis.The expressions ofβ-catenin were measured by immunohistochemistry.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between miR-577 and p-catenin.qRT-PCR and westernblot were used to detect the expression of p-catenin in transfected HepG2 cells.Results:The relative expressions of miR-577 was significantly lower in HCC tissues compared to the matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues(P<0.05).Low expression of miR-577 was significantly associated with large tumor size(≥5 cm,P<0.05) and advanced tumor node metastasis stage(Ⅲ+Ⅳ,P<0.05).Transfection of miR-577 mimics could inhibit repress cell proliferation,enhance cell apoptosis and block the cell cycles in G_1/G_1 phase(P<0.05).miR-577 in HCC group had a significant negative correlation relationship with the expression of downstream target of β-catenin(P<0.05).Both the mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells were down-regulated after transfection(P<0.05).Conclusions:Low expression of miR-577 is related to the malignant clinicopathological features in HCC tissues,and miR-577 may suppress HCC growth through down-regulating p-catenin.
基金supported by China Ministry of Education-CMCC Research Fund Project No.MCM20160104National Science and Technology Major Project No.No.2018ZX03001016+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science and technology Commission Research Fund Project No.Z171100005217001Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities NO.2018RC06
文摘The traffic explosion and the rising of diverse requirements lead to many challenges for traditional mobile network architecture on flexibility, scalability, and deployability. To meet new requirements in the 5 G era, service based architecture is introduced into mobile networks. The monolithic network elements(e.g., MME, PGW, etc.) are split into smaller network functions to provide customized services. However, the management and deployment of network functions in service based 5 G core network are still big challenges. In this paper, we propose a novel management architecture for 5 G service based core network based on NFV and SDN. Combined with SDN, NFV and edge computing, the proposed framework can provide distributed and on-demand deployment of network functions, service guaranteed network slicing, flexible orchestration of network functions and optimal workload allocation. Simulations are conducted to show that the proposed framework and algorithm are effective in terms of reducing network operating cost.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （863 Program） （2007AA11Z221）, International Cooperation Project of Shanghai （08210707500）, and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai.（08ZR1420600） . _
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81374042,No.81370091 and No.81603480
文摘AIM To identify the optimal oral dosing time of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction(DCQD) in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP) based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters.METHODS First, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham-operated group [NG(a)] and three model groups [4 h G(a), 12 h G(a) and 24 h G(a)]. The NG(a) and model groups were administered DCQD(10 g/kg.BW) intragastrically at 4 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively, after AP models induced by 3% sodium taurocholate. Plasma samples were collected from the tails at 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after a single dosing with DCQD. Plasma and pancreatic tissue concentrations of the major components of DCQD were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. The pharmacokinetic parameters and serum amylase were detected and compared. Second, rats were divided into a sham-operated group [NG(b)] and three treatment groups [4 h G(b), 12 h G(b) and 24 h G(b)] with three corresponding control groups [MG(b)s]. Blood and pancreatic tissues were collected 24 h after a single dosing with DCQD. Serum amylase, inflammatory cytokines and pathological scores of pancreatic tissues were detected and compared.RESULTS The concentrations of emodin, naringin, honokiol, naringenin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and rheochrysidin in the 12 h G(a) group were higher than those in the 4 h G(a) group in the pancreatic tissues(P < 0.05). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration values(AUC0→t) for rhein, chrysophanol, magnolol and naringin in the 12 h G(a) group were larger than those in the 4 h G(a) or 24 h G(a) groups. The 12 h G(a) group had a higher Cmax than the other two model groups. The IL-10 levels in the 12 h G(b) and 24 h G(b) groups were higher than in the MG(b)s(96.55 ± 7.84 vs 77.46 ± 7.42, 251.22 ± 16.15 vs 99.72 ± 4.7 respectively, P < 0.05), while in the 24 h G(b) group, the IL-10 level was higher than in the other two treatment groups(251.22 ± 16.15 vs 154.41 ± 12.09/96.55 ± 7.84, P < 0.05). The IL-6 levels displayed a decrease in the 4 h G(b) and 12 h G(b) groups compared to theMG(b)s(89.99 ± 4.61 vs 147.91 ± 4.36, 90.82 ± 5.34 vs 171.44 ± 13.43, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Late-time dosing may have higher concentrations of the most major components of DCQD, with better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiinflammation than early-time dosing, which showed the late time to be the optimal dosing time of DCQD for AP.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81603480 and No.81573857.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a pancreatic inflammatory disorder that is commonly complicated by extrapancreatic organ dysfunction.Dachengqi decoction(DCQD)has a potential role in protecting the extrapancreatic organs,but the optimal oral administration time remains unclear.AIM To screen the appropriate oral administration time of DCQD for the protection of extrapancreatic organs based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AP rats.METHODS This study consisted of two parts.In the first part,24 rats were divided into a sham-operated group and three model groups.The four groups were intragastrically administered with DCQD(10 g/kg)at 4 h,4 h,12 h,and 24 h postoperatively,respectively.Tail vein blood was taken at nine time points after administration,and then the rats were euthanized and the extrapancreatic organ tissues were immediately collected.Finally,the concentrations of the major DCQD components in all samples were detected.In the second part,84 rats were divided into a sham-operated group,as well as 4 h,12 h,and 24 h treatment groups and corresponding control groups(4 h,12 h,and 24 h control groups).Rats in the treatment groups were intragastrically administered with DCQD(10 g/kg)at 4 h,12 h,and 24 h postoperatively,respectively,and rats in the control groups were administered with normal saline at the same time points.Then,six rats from each group were euthanized at 4 h and 24 h after administration.Serum amylase and inflammatory mediators,and pathological scores of extrapancreatic organ tissues were evaluated.RESULTS For part one,the pharmacokinetic parameters(C max,T max,T 1/2,and AUC 0→t)of the major DCQD components and the tissue distribution of most DCQD components were better when administering DCQD at the later(12 h and 24 h)time points.For part two,delayed administration of DCQD resulted in lower IL-6 and amylase levels and relatively higher IL-10 levels,and pathological injury of extrapancreatic organ tissues was slightly less at 4 h after administration,while the results were similar between the treatment and corresponding control groups at 24 h after administration.CONCLUSION Delayed administration of DCQD might reduce pancreatic exocrine secretions and ameliorate pathological injury in the extrapancreatic organs of AP rats,demonstrating that the late time is the optimal dosing time.
基金support from the National Key Program for Science and Technology Research and Development (2017YFB0203300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11403035, 11425312 and 11573030)support from Royal Society Newton advanced Fellowships
文摘We introduce a new code for cosmological simulations, PHo To Ns, which incorporates features for performing massive cosmological simulations on heterogeneous high performance computer(HPC) systems and threads oriented programming. PHo To Ns adopts a hybrid scheme to compute gravitational force, with the conventional Particle-Mesh(PM) algorithm to compute the long-range force,the Tree algorithm to compute the short range force and the direct summation Particle-Particle(PP) algorithm to compute gravity from very close particles. A self-similar space filling a Peano-Hilbert curve is used to decompose the computing domain. Threads programming is advantageously used to more flexibly manage the domain communication, PM calculation and synchronization, as well as Dual Tree Traversal on the CPU+MIC platform. PHo To Ns scales well and efficiency of the PP kernel achieves68.6% of peak performance on MIC and 74.4% on CPU platforms. We also test the accuracy of the code against the much used Gadget-2 in the community and found excellent agreement.
