Since the beginning of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development(DESD)(2005-2014)in 2005,Education for Sustainable Development(ESD)has been started a new era of educational innovation progress...Since the beginning of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development(DESD)(2005-2014)in 2005,Education for Sustainable Development(ESD)has been started a new era of educational innovation progress in China.Up to now,China has created a new history of ESD for 21 years,and ESD,the abstract conception from international academia has been became a leading thought of teaching and learning innovation for more and more teachers in China,and in 2010,ESD was been written in the Outline of the National Program for Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020)by Chinese Ministry of Education as a strategic direction of education development for the coming ten years.Exactly,ESD has really played a positive role in educational reforni and innovation.展开更多
Exploring the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services(ESs)and their driving factors under various interaction patterns is essential for informing sustainable development policies.Using Northeast China as a case st...Exploring the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services(ESs)and their driving factors under various interaction patterns is essential for informing sustainable development policies.Using Northeast China as a case study,this research investigates eight key ESs,including water yield(WY),carbon storage(CS),food provision(FP),habitat quality(HQ),soil conservation(SC),wind-break and sand-fixation(WS),water purification(WP)and aesthetic landscape(AL).The study examines the complexity of ESs from three dimensions:individual ES,ES pairs and ES bundles,and further evaluates their spatial heterogeneity and socioecological drivers.The results indicate that the spatial distribution of ESs remained relatively stable from 2000 to 2020.During this period,WY and FP increased significantly,CS and HQ remained relatively unchanged.SC,WS and AL followed an“increase-decrease-increase”trend,and WP exhibited a“decrease-increase”fluctuation.Overall,synergistic relationships among ES Pairs were more prevalent than trade-offs.Notably,CS showed trade-offs with over 70%of the other ESs,while HQ exhibited trade-offs with SC,WS,WP,and AL.The FP-HQ synergy bundle,primarily located in the Greater Hinggan Mountains and eastern regions,emerged as the dominant ES bundle.Ecological factors—such as solar radiation,temperature,slope,DEM,and NDVI—exerted a stronger influence on ES patterns than social factors like GDP and population density.Furthermore,these ecological drivers had a greater impact on individual ESs compared to ES pairs or ES bundles.These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers to understand the complex interrelationships among ESs and to design more effective and regionally tailored management strategies.展开更多
With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of inv...With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM(1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022-2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decisionmaking recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.展开更多
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs).In this study,47 surface sediment samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetland(YRDW)to investigate the occurrence...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs).In this study,47 surface sediment samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetland(YRDW)to investigate the occurrence,spatial distribution,potential sources,and ecological risks of PFASs.Twenty-three out of 26 targeted PFASs were detected in surface sediment samples from the YRDW,with totalΣ23PFASs concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 16.30 ng g^(-1) dw and a median value of 2.27 ng g^(-1) dw.Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS)were the main contaminants.The detection frequency and concentration of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)were higher than those of perfluoroal-kanesulfonic acids(PFSAs),while those of long-chain PFASs were higher than those of short-chain PFASs.The emerging PFASs substitutes were dominated by 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid(6:2 Cl-PFESA).The distribution of PFASs is significantly influenced by the total organic carbon content in the sediments.The concentration of PFASs seems to be related to human activities,with high concentration levels of PFASs near locations such as beaches and villages.By using a positive matrix factorization model,the potential sources of PFASs in the region were identified as metal plating mist inhibitor and fluoropolymer manufacturing sources,metal plating industry and firefighting foam and textile treatment sources,and food packaging material sources.The risk assessment indicated that PFASs in YRDW sediments do not pose a significant ecological risk to benthic organisms in the region overall,but PFOA and PFOS exert a low to moderate risk at individual stations.展开更多
Liberia holds 44.5% of the remaining portion of the Upper Guinean Rainforest in West Africa,which is home to critically endangered forest elephants and western chimpanzees.The forests are of vital importance for the l...Liberia holds 44.5% of the remaining portion of the Upper Guinean Rainforest in West Africa,which is home to critically endangered forest elephants and western chimpanzees.The forests are of vital importance for the livelihoods of millions of West Africans and provide key ecosystem services of local and global importance for food systems transformation and agroecology.Liberia’s efforts toward land reform through legislation and policies recognise communities’rights to own and manage their customary lands and resources.These include the National Forestry Reform Law of 2006,the Community Rights Law Concerning Forest Lands of 2009,and the Land Rights Act of 2018,and more.In May 2022,a program team from the Sustainable Development Institute(SDI)-Friends of the Earth Liberia researched the social and environmental impacts of Maryland Oil Palm Plantations(MOPPs)in Liberia.Twenty-three(23)key informant interviews(KIIs)and 10 focus group discussions(FGDs)were conducted in seven communities in and around the MOPP.They included farmers,contract workers,MOPP staff,local authorities,women and youth leaders,the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)Inspector,the Civil Society Head,and the Gender Coordinator of Maryland County.The team cross-checked information with formal documents as much as possible and took photographs and global positioning system(GPS)locations of areas of deforestation,pollution,and conflict.The team also used observation to monitor environmental pollution,such as affluent into water bodies and planting oil palm in wetlands.The team used narrative analysis and geospatial landscape analysis to analyze the data.The research finds that land conflict and deforestation have several negative impacts on communities.MOPP has not respected land tenure rights or followed Free Prior and Informed Consent(FPIC)standards,including resettlement without reparation and destruction of farms and old towns without(sufficient)compensation or restitution.During MOPP land acquisition and clearance,communities experienced the loss of their farms and the identification of villages as“village de squatters”,leading to restricted access to farmland,heightened food insecurity,and reduced income from cash crops to support families.MOPP destroyed high conservation value areas and destroyed secondary forest regrowth,which affected important biodiversity areas.MOPP is one of the four large-scale industrial palm oil plantations in Liberia in Maryland County.It has a palm oil mill in a joint venture with Golden Veroleum Liberia(GVL).Its 2011 concession agreement includes 8,800 hectares for industrial palm oil plantations.展开更多
We chose a definition of heatwaves (HWs) that has ~4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots. We first examined the 1940-2022 HWs climatology and trends in lifespan, severity, spatial extent, and recurrence frequ...We chose a definition of heatwaves (HWs) that has ~4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots. We first examined the 1940-2022 HWs climatology and trends in lifespan, severity, spatial extent, and recurrence frequency. HWs are becoming more frequent and more severe for extratropical mid- and low-latitudes. To euphemize HWs, we here propose a novel clean energy-tapping concept that utilizes the available nano-technology, micro-meteorology knowledge of temperature distribution within/without buildings, and radiative properties of earth atmosphere. The key points for a practical electricity generation scheme from HWs are defogging, insulation, and minimizing the absorption of infrared downward radiation at the cold legs of the thermoelectric generators. One sample realization is presented which, through relay with existing photovoltaic devices, provides all-day electricity supply sufficient for providing air conditioning requirement for a residence (~2000-watt throughput). The provision of power to air conditioning systems, usually imposes a significant stress on traditional city power grids during heatwaves.展开更多
Monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations frequently is essential for assessing air quality and informing pollution control strategies. This study examines the effect of height on PM2.5 distribution in Hanoi using E...Monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations frequently is essential for assessing air quality and informing pollution control strategies. This study examines the effect of height on PM2.5 distribution in Hanoi using EPA-standard methods at five rooftop locations on high-rise buildings. Results from Phase 1 (pre-pollution period) indicate a nearly 50% reduction in PM2.5 concentration, decreasing from 34.76 μg/m3 at 40 m to 13.95 μg/m3 at 336 m. In contrast, Phase 2 (pollution wave) showed relatively stable PM2.5 concentrations across heights, likely influenced by cold air masses and wind speed. MLR and MNLR analyses reveal the significant impact of meteorological factors and PM10 on PM2.5 levels, with the MNLR model accounting for 80% - 94% of the variance, outperforming the MLR model’s 50% - 80%. Employing UAVs, Lidar, and synchronized meteorological data is proposed as an advanced approach to enhance the accuracy of height-based dust concentration assessments.展开更多
The regional agricultural system （RAS） can be divided into three subsystems： ecological, economic, and social. This article examines the use of the harmony coefficient （HC）, efficacy coefficient, rank of the harm...The regional agricultural system （RAS） can be divided into three subsystems： ecological, economic, and social. This article examines the use of the harmony coefficient （HC）, efficacy coefficient, rank of the harmony coefficient （RHC）, and its appraising index system within the RAS. The harmony coefficient function was developed using a variance coefficient and then applied to Ziyang District, Yiyang City in Hunan Province （ZYH）, China, as a test case. From 1995 to 2002, the HC of RAS increased from 0.2982 to 0.4826 and the RHC increased from 3 to 5, although the HC trend was an ＂n＂ type in general. This suggests that the HC was weakly maladjusted and the RAS was not harmonious. The HC of the ecological subsystem decreased from 0.3898 to 0.2850, and its RHC from 4 to 3, with the HC trend following the ＂n＂ type. For the economic subsystem, the HC value increased from 0.5767 to 0.7458 and the RHC from 6 to 8. However, the trend in HC for the economic subsystem was of the ＂U＂ type. The HC of the social subsystem increased slightly from 0.4948 to 0.4663, and the RHC did not change in value. From the HC trends, the HC curve of the economic subsystem is above the HC curve of ZYH and the HC curve of the ecological subsystem is below the HC curve of ZHY. Hence, the ZHY environment has been destroyed by economic development. Environment and social building should be regarded as important issues in the future and promoting RAS harmony development should be considered. The results of the theoretical analysis match fairly closely with reality, and suggest that the harmony theory is feasible in appraising RAS development phases.展开更多
Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is lik...Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is likely to have protective effect upon the biochemical and nodular changes in ricegrown in Cd-rich soil. Exposure to Cd concentration of 1.00 mg/L increased oxidative stress, loss of cellviability, electrolyte leakage and root knot formation, whereas it significantly lowered the chlorophyll leveland rhizobium growth in rice. Irrigation of exogenous POXRice + H2O2 to Cd-stressed rice seedlingsreversed the Cd-induced alterations in rice to levels similar in control (non-stressed) seedlings. Resultsprovided strong evidence of exogenous POXRice + H2O2-mediated reversal and restoration of physiologicaland biochemical processes as well as increased resistance of rice seedlings to root knot formation.Irrigation with POXRice + H2O2 appeared to contribute towards bringing normoxic conditions in the otherwisehypoxic soil environment by enhancing the O2 in pot-experiments due to reduced Cd uptake, enhancedmineral homeostasis of essential elements viz. P, Fe, Mo, Mg and Mn for maintenance of root architecturedamaged by lipid peroxidation and reduction in oxidative stress by reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygenspecies generation. Therefore, the mitigation of Cd-toxicity in rice through this novel approach appeared tobe a promising mode to limit Cd-uptake, modulate protective and tolerance mechanisms for sustainablerice yield in Cd-contaminated rice-croplands and prevent nematode attack in rice, however, more detailedstudies are needed prior to large scale applications.展开更多
Non-farm income sources are important for livelihood sustenance,especially in the mountainous regions of developing countries.To implement effective policies to improve economic development,policymakers need insights ...Non-farm income sources are important for livelihood sustenance,especially in the mountainous regions of developing countries.To implement effective policies to improve economic development,policymakers need insights at the grassroots level.Yet,there is a lack of empirical evidence in the context of Pakistan.This study examines the current situation and the factors influencing the decision by farmers to engage in other gainful activities(OGAs)such as farm diversification and off-farm work in the northern mountainous regions of Pakistan.The study is based on quantitative survey data obtained from 459 farm managers and qualitative data from 24 key informants from five different districts in GilgitBaltistan.Utilizing a logistic regression model,a statistical analysis is conducted on farmer and farm characteristics to investigate the probability of farm managers to engage in OGAs.The survey results show that around 71%of farm managers are engaged in OGAs(with 24%in farm diversification,61%in offfarm work and 15%in both).The share of female farm managers is 51%in farm diversification while male farm managers dominate off-farm activities(69%).The most prevalent types of farm diversification are the processing of farm products and tourism-related farm work,while the main off-farm activities are setting up grocery stores outside the farm,having salaried jobs or engaging in other non-agricultural business.There are significant differences between farmers with and without OGAs particularly regarding farmer characteristics,agricultural income and some other variables.The logit model results show that farmer characteristics mainly determine off-farm work activities while farm(and other)characteristics mostly explain farm diversification.These findings suggest that OGAs primarily exist as livelihood strategies.Farm diversification is linked with the long-term sustenance of agricultural activities while off-farm work is predominantly driven by economic needs.Both types of OGAs require specific support policies while attention needs to be given not to threaten regional food supply.展开更多
This study investigates the geological background of the August 7-8, 2010 Zhouqu debris flows in the northwestern Chinese province of Gansu, and possible future occurrence of such hazards in the peri-Tibetan Plateau (...This study investigates the geological background of the August 7-8, 2010 Zhouqu debris flows in the northwestern Chinese province of Gansu, and possible future occurrence of such hazards in the peri-Tibetan Plateau (TP) regions. Debris flows are a more predictable type of landslide because of its strong correlation with extreme precipitation. However, two factors affecting the frequency and magnitude of debris flows: very fine scale precipitation and degree of fracture of bedrock, both defy direct observations. Annual mean Net Primary production (NPP) is used as a surrogate for regional precipitation with patchiness filtered out, and gravity satellite measured regional mass changes as an indication of bedrock cracking, through the groundwater as the nexus.?The GRACE measurements indicate a region (to the north east of TP) of persistent mass gain (started well before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake), likely due to increased groundwater percolation. While in the neighboring agricultural region further to the north east, there are signal of decreased fossil water reservoir. The imposed stress fields by large scale increase/decrease groundwater may contribute to future geological instability of this region. Zhouqu locates right on the saddle of the gravity field anomaly. The region surrounding the Bay of Bangle (to the southeast of TP) has a similar situation. To investigate future changes in extreme precipitation, the other key player for debris flows, the “pseudo-climate change” experiments of a weather model forced by climate model provided perturbations on the thermal fields are performed and endangered locations are identified. In the future warmer climate, extreme precipitation will be more severe and debris will be more frequent and severe.展开更多
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nonuniformity of sprinkler fertigation and the amount of fertilizers applied through fertigation on nitrogen uptake and crop yield during two growing seas...Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nonuniformity of sprinkler fertigation and the amount of fertilizers applied through fertigation on nitrogen uptake and crop yield during two growing seasons of winter wheat in 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 at an experimental station in Beijing. In the experiments, the seasonal averaged Christiansen irrigation uniformity coefficient （CU） varied from 72% to 84%. Except for the fertilizer applied before planting, fertilizer was applied with the sprinkler irrigation system with a seasonal averaged CU for fertigation varied from 71% to 85%. Three levels of fertilizer applied varying from 0 to 180 kg N ha^-1 were used in the experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that sprinkler fertigation uniformity had insignificant effects on nitrogen uptake and crop yield for the uniformity range tested. Also, the influence of fertilizer applied through sprinkler fertigation on crop yield was minor, while the total nitrogen content for stem and nitrogen uptake increased with increasing fertilizer applied.展开更多
This paper calculates the water footprint(WF)and virtual water(VW)for a basket of exportable agricultural products of San Juan province.This basket includes:onion,white garlic and grapes for raisins.The VW of these th...This paper calculates the water footprint(WF)and virtual water(VW)for a basket of exportable agricultural products of San Juan province.This basket includes:onion,white garlic and grapes for raisins.The VW of these three productions is calculated and the consumption is evaluated in relation to the theoretical water reservoir capacity of the province.It is compared with results of other jobs.The methodology used is based on the WF assessment manual and on Food and Agriculture Organization’s(FAO’s)CROPWAT 8.0 model to identify the crops’water requirements and on the CIMWAT 2.0 climate database.Finally,recommendations are made for a more efficient use of water for agricultural production.展开更多
As to sea level rise (SLR) contribution, melting and setting afloat make no difference for land based ice. Melting of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) into water is impossible in the upcoming several centuries, whereas...As to sea level rise (SLR) contribution, melting and setting afloat make no difference for land based ice. Melting of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) into water is impossible in the upcoming several centuries, whereas breaking and partially afloat is likely as long as sea waters find a pathway to the bottom of those ice sectors with basal elevation below sea level. In this sense WAIS may be disintegrated in a future warming climate. We reassess the potential contribution to eustatic sea level from a collapse of WAIS and find that previous assessments have overlooked a contributor: slope instability after the cementing ice is removed. Over loading ice has a buttressing effect on slope movements the same way ice shelves hinder the flow of non-floating coastal ice. A sophisticated landslide model estimates a 9-mm eustatic SLR contribution from subsequent landslides.展开更多
Earthquakes are the result of strain build-up from without and erosion from within faults. A generic co-seismic condition includes merely three angles representing respectively fault geometry, fault strength and the r...Earthquakes are the result of strain build-up from without and erosion from within faults. A generic co-seismic condition includes merely three angles representing respectively fault geometry, fault strength and the ratio of fault coupling to lithostatic load. Correspondingly, gravity fluctuation, bridging effect, and granular material production/distribution form the earthquake triad. As a dynamic component of the gravity field, groundwater fluctuation is the nexus among the three intervened components and plays a pivotal role in regulating major earthquake irregularity: reducing natural (dry) inter-seismic periods and lowering magnitudes. It may act mechanical-directly (MD) through super-imposing a seismogenic lateral stress field thus aiding plate-coupling from without;or mechanical-indirectly (MI) by enhancing fault fatigue, hence weakening the fault from within. A minimum requirement for a working earthquake prediction system is stipulated and implemented into a well-vetted numerical model. This fatigue mechanism based modeling system is an important supplement to the canonical frictional theory of tectonic earthquakes. For collisional systems (e.g., peri-Tibetan Plateau regions), MD mechanism dominates, because the orographically-induced spatially highly biased precipitation is effectively channeled into deeper depth by the prevalence of through-cut faults. Droughts elsewhere also are seismogenic but likely through MI effects. For example, ENSO, as the dominant player for regional precipitation, has strong influence on the gravity field over Andes. Major earthquakes, although bearing the same 4 - 7 years occurrence frequency as ENSO, have a significant hiatus, tracing gravity fluctuations. That granular channels left behind by seamounts foster major earthquakes further aver the relevance of MI over Andes. Similarly, the stability of the Cascadia fault is found remotely affected by Californian droughts (2011-15), which created a 0.15 kPa/km stress gradient along the Pacific range, which also is the wave guide.展开更多
The research is designed to study the relationship of intake of fatty acids through fast food items, consumption trends and related health issues. Fried food products most commonly consumed at restaurants were selecte...The research is designed to study the relationship of intake of fatty acids through fast food items, consumption trends and related health issues. Fried food products most commonly consumed at restaurants were selected. Food outlets of both branded and non-branded vendors were included in the study for comparison. Total fat content, Fatty acids and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME’s) in food samples were determined experimentally using titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods. Fatty acids of Stearic, Oleic and Myristic were extracted from each food sample using petroleum ether as extracting solvent, followed by conversion to FAME’s by treating the filtrate with methylamine, ethanol and sulphuric acid. A survey analysis using the questionnaire as a tool was also conducted. The results showed variable concentration in each sample. Total fat content was highest in French fries, followed by fish and chicken. Among the fatty acids, Stearic acid was found higher in concentration than other two fatty acids. The study concluded that the level of saturated fatty acids was 0.4 g (7.6%), which was securely under the allowable limit of daily value (on a 2000 calorie diet) of 3 g (15%).展开更多
Since the Reform and Opening-up, remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation have been made in China. China's success in mass poverty reduction can be attributed to its rapid economic growth, large-scale region...Since the Reform and Opening-up, remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation have been made in China. China's success in mass poverty reduction can be attributed to its rapid economic growth, large-scale regional poverty alleviation and development, sound social security policies, widereaching farmer-benefiting policies and the equal land allotment system. However, with income inequality on the rise, poverty reduction effect made by the economic growth is declining: More targeted poverty alleviation policies are needed by China. Targeted poverty alleviation aims to improve the effect and efficiency of poverty alleviation through precise identification of poverty-stricken populations and comprehensive supportive measures. To tackle a variety of challenges such as the poor cultivation among povertystricken populations, the complex causes for poverty, and inflexible capital management, China should improve its poverty alleviation mechanism by innovating poverty identification methods, support approaches, capital management and performance assessment.展开更多
Based on the previous studies,taking Jia You Er Nv and Growing Pains as the research objects,this study explores the similarities and differences between Chinese and American family education from the perspectives of ...Based on the previous studies,taking Jia You Er Nv and Growing Pains as the research objects,this study explores the similarities and differences between Chinese and American family education from the perspectives of cross-cultural.After comparing,it is found that,affected by different cultures,expectations,contents,methods of family education and parent-child relationships in China and the United States are distinctly different.Only some aspects are similar.The reason for the differences is that the culture is mainly influenced by individualism and collectivism,Confucianism and Christianity culture,and different value orientation.Finally,on the basis of China’s national conditions and cultural environment,some suggestions are put forward for the improvement of family education in China.American family education has some positive reference significance for Chinese family education in renewing the concept of family education,touching attention to the overall development of children and developing children’s ability to think independently.展开更多
The increasing complexity of global supply chains has presented critical challenges for businesses in coordinating resources, forecasting demand, and dynamically optimizing processes. Traditional supply chain manageme...The increasing complexity of global supply chains has presented critical challenges for businesses in coordinating resources, forecasting demand, and dynamically optimizing processes. Traditional supply chain management (SCM) methods are often inflexible, reactive, and prone to inefficiencies, which can result in missed opportunities and lost revenue. Technological advancements have played a pivotal role in addressing these challenges, with Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) emerging as a transformative force that offers numerous advantages for SCM. Despite the abundance of literature on the role of GAI in enhancing supply chain performance, it remains insufficient in providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for the construction of GAI applications and their empowerment mechanisms within SCM. This study first outlines the core GAI capabilities necessary for constructing the SCM framework. We then examine the empowerment mechanisms and challenges of GAI in SCM and propose corresponding solutions. Afterward, we discuss notable gaps and propose a comprehensive research agenda, focusing on the SCM framework empowered by GAI.展开更多
文摘Since the beginning of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development(DESD)(2005-2014)in 2005,Education for Sustainable Development(ESD)has been started a new era of educational innovation progress in China.Up to now,China has created a new history of ESD for 21 years,and ESD,the abstract conception from international academia has been became a leading thought of teaching and learning innovation for more and more teachers in China,and in 2010,ESD was been written in the Outline of the National Program for Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020)by Chinese Ministry of Education as a strategic direction of education development for the coming ten years.Exactly,ESD has really played a positive role in educational reforni and innovation.
基金Key Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,No.19AJY010。
文摘Exploring the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services(ESs)and their driving factors under various interaction patterns is essential for informing sustainable development policies.Using Northeast China as a case study,this research investigates eight key ESs,including water yield(WY),carbon storage(CS),food provision(FP),habitat quality(HQ),soil conservation(SC),wind-break and sand-fixation(WS),water purification(WP)and aesthetic landscape(AL).The study examines the complexity of ESs from three dimensions:individual ES,ES pairs and ES bundles,and further evaluates their spatial heterogeneity and socioecological drivers.The results indicate that the spatial distribution of ESs remained relatively stable from 2000 to 2020.During this period,WY and FP increased significantly,CS and HQ remained relatively unchanged.SC,WS and AL followed an“increase-decrease-increase”trend,and WP exhibited a“decrease-increase”fluctuation.Overall,synergistic relationships among ES Pairs were more prevalent than trade-offs.Notably,CS showed trade-offs with over 70%of the other ESs,while HQ exhibited trade-offs with SC,WS,WP,and AL.The FP-HQ synergy bundle,primarily located in the Greater Hinggan Mountains and eastern regions,emerged as the dominant ES bundle.Ecological factors—such as solar radiation,temperature,slope,DEM,and NDVI—exerted a stronger influence on ES patterns than social factors like GDP and population density.Furthermore,these ecological drivers had a greater impact on individual ESs compared to ES pairs or ES bundles.These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers to understand the complex interrelationships among ESs and to design more effective and regionally tailored management strategies.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71934004)Key Projects of the National Social Science Foundation(23AZD065)the Project of the CNOOC Energy Economics Institute(EEI-2022-IESA0009)。
文摘With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM(1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022-2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decisionmaking recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.42377217)the Cooperation Fund between Dongying City and Universities(No.SXHZ-2023-02-6).
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs).In this study,47 surface sediment samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetland(YRDW)to investigate the occurrence,spatial distribution,potential sources,and ecological risks of PFASs.Twenty-three out of 26 targeted PFASs were detected in surface sediment samples from the YRDW,with totalΣ23PFASs concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 16.30 ng g^(-1) dw and a median value of 2.27 ng g^(-1) dw.Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS)were the main contaminants.The detection frequency and concentration of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)were higher than those of perfluoroal-kanesulfonic acids(PFSAs),while those of long-chain PFASs were higher than those of short-chain PFASs.The emerging PFASs substitutes were dominated by 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid(6:2 Cl-PFESA).The distribution of PFASs is significantly influenced by the total organic carbon content in the sediments.The concentration of PFASs seems to be related to human activities,with high concentration levels of PFASs near locations such as beaches and villages.By using a positive matrix factorization model,the potential sources of PFASs in the region were identified as metal plating mist inhibitor and fluoropolymer manufacturing sources,metal plating industry and firefighting foam and textile treatment sources,and food packaging material sources.The risk assessment indicated that PFASs in YRDW sediments do not pose a significant ecological risk to benthic organisms in the region overall,but PFOA and PFOS exert a low to moderate risk at individual stations.
文摘Liberia holds 44.5% of the remaining portion of the Upper Guinean Rainforest in West Africa,which is home to critically endangered forest elephants and western chimpanzees.The forests are of vital importance for the livelihoods of millions of West Africans and provide key ecosystem services of local and global importance for food systems transformation and agroecology.Liberia’s efforts toward land reform through legislation and policies recognise communities’rights to own and manage their customary lands and resources.These include the National Forestry Reform Law of 2006,the Community Rights Law Concerning Forest Lands of 2009,and the Land Rights Act of 2018,and more.In May 2022,a program team from the Sustainable Development Institute(SDI)-Friends of the Earth Liberia researched the social and environmental impacts of Maryland Oil Palm Plantations(MOPPs)in Liberia.Twenty-three(23)key informant interviews(KIIs)and 10 focus group discussions(FGDs)were conducted in seven communities in and around the MOPP.They included farmers,contract workers,MOPP staff,local authorities,women and youth leaders,the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)Inspector,the Civil Society Head,and the Gender Coordinator of Maryland County.The team cross-checked information with formal documents as much as possible and took photographs and global positioning system(GPS)locations of areas of deforestation,pollution,and conflict.The team also used observation to monitor environmental pollution,such as affluent into water bodies and planting oil palm in wetlands.The team used narrative analysis and geospatial landscape analysis to analyze the data.The research finds that land conflict and deforestation have several negative impacts on communities.MOPP has not respected land tenure rights or followed Free Prior and Informed Consent(FPIC)standards,including resettlement without reparation and destruction of farms and old towns without(sufficient)compensation or restitution.During MOPP land acquisition and clearance,communities experienced the loss of their farms and the identification of villages as“village de squatters”,leading to restricted access to farmland,heightened food insecurity,and reduced income from cash crops to support families.MOPP destroyed high conservation value areas and destroyed secondary forest regrowth,which affected important biodiversity areas.MOPP is one of the four large-scale industrial palm oil plantations in Liberia in Maryland County.It has a palm oil mill in a joint venture with Golden Veroleum Liberia(GVL).Its 2011 concession agreement includes 8,800 hectares for industrial palm oil plantations.
文摘We chose a definition of heatwaves (HWs) that has ~4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots. We first examined the 1940-2022 HWs climatology and trends in lifespan, severity, spatial extent, and recurrence frequency. HWs are becoming more frequent and more severe for extratropical mid- and low-latitudes. To euphemize HWs, we here propose a novel clean energy-tapping concept that utilizes the available nano-technology, micro-meteorology knowledge of temperature distribution within/without buildings, and radiative properties of earth atmosphere. The key points for a practical electricity generation scheme from HWs are defogging, insulation, and minimizing the absorption of infrared downward radiation at the cold legs of the thermoelectric generators. One sample realization is presented which, through relay with existing photovoltaic devices, provides all-day electricity supply sufficient for providing air conditioning requirement for a residence (~2000-watt throughput). The provision of power to air conditioning systems, usually imposes a significant stress on traditional city power grids during heatwaves.
文摘Monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations frequently is essential for assessing air quality and informing pollution control strategies. This study examines the effect of height on PM2.5 distribution in Hanoi using EPA-standard methods at five rooftop locations on high-rise buildings. Results from Phase 1 (pre-pollution period) indicate a nearly 50% reduction in PM2.5 concentration, decreasing from 34.76 μg/m3 at 40 m to 13.95 μg/m3 at 336 m. In contrast, Phase 2 (pollution wave) showed relatively stable PM2.5 concentrations across heights, likely influenced by cold air masses and wind speed. MLR and MNLR analyses reveal the significant impact of meteorological factors and PM10 on PM2.5 levels, with the MNLR model accounting for 80% - 94% of the variance, outperforming the MLR model’s 50% - 80%. Employing UAVs, Lidar, and synchronized meteorological data is proposed as an advanced approach to enhance the accuracy of height-based dust concentration assessments.
基金the National Key Science and Technology Project(2004BA508B20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(304710100)for their financial assistance.
文摘The regional agricultural system （RAS） can be divided into three subsystems： ecological, economic, and social. This article examines the use of the harmony coefficient （HC）, efficacy coefficient, rank of the harmony coefficient （RHC）, and its appraising index system within the RAS. The harmony coefficient function was developed using a variance coefficient and then applied to Ziyang District, Yiyang City in Hunan Province （ZYH）, China, as a test case. From 1995 to 2002, the HC of RAS increased from 0.2982 to 0.4826 and the RHC increased from 3 to 5, although the HC trend was an ＂n＂ type in general. This suggests that the HC was weakly maladjusted and the RAS was not harmonious. The HC of the ecological subsystem decreased from 0.3898 to 0.2850, and its RHC from 4 to 3, with the HC trend following the ＂n＂ type. For the economic subsystem, the HC value increased from 0.5767 to 0.7458 and the RHC from 6 to 8. However, the trend in HC for the economic subsystem was of the ＂U＂ type. The HC of the social subsystem increased slightly from 0.4948 to 0.4663, and the RHC did not change in value. From the HC trends, the HC curve of the economic subsystem is above the HC curve of ZYH and the HC curve of the ecological subsystem is below the HC curve of ZHY. Hence, the ZHY environment has been destroyed by economic development. Environment and social building should be regarded as important issues in the future and promoting RAS harmony development should be considered. The results of the theoretical analysis match fairly closely with reality, and suggest that the harmony theory is feasible in appraising RAS development phases.
文摘Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is likely to have protective effect upon the biochemical and nodular changes in ricegrown in Cd-rich soil. Exposure to Cd concentration of 1.00 mg/L increased oxidative stress, loss of cellviability, electrolyte leakage and root knot formation, whereas it significantly lowered the chlorophyll leveland rhizobium growth in rice. Irrigation of exogenous POXRice + H2O2 to Cd-stressed rice seedlingsreversed the Cd-induced alterations in rice to levels similar in control (non-stressed) seedlings. Resultsprovided strong evidence of exogenous POXRice + H2O2-mediated reversal and restoration of physiologicaland biochemical processes as well as increased resistance of rice seedlings to root knot formation.Irrigation with POXRice + H2O2 appeared to contribute towards bringing normoxic conditions in the otherwisehypoxic soil environment by enhancing the O2 in pot-experiments due to reduced Cd uptake, enhancedmineral homeostasis of essential elements viz. P, Fe, Mo, Mg and Mn for maintenance of root architecturedamaged by lipid peroxidation and reduction in oxidative stress by reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygenspecies generation. Therefore, the mitigation of Cd-toxicity in rice through this novel approach appeared tobe a promising mode to limit Cd-uptake, modulate protective and tolerance mechanisms for sustainablerice yield in Cd-contaminated rice-croplands and prevent nematode attack in rice, however, more detailedstudies are needed prior to large scale applications.
基金funded by the scholarship offered by the Free University of BozenBolzano。
文摘Non-farm income sources are important for livelihood sustenance,especially in the mountainous regions of developing countries.To implement effective policies to improve economic development,policymakers need insights at the grassroots level.Yet,there is a lack of empirical evidence in the context of Pakistan.This study examines the current situation and the factors influencing the decision by farmers to engage in other gainful activities(OGAs)such as farm diversification and off-farm work in the northern mountainous regions of Pakistan.The study is based on quantitative survey data obtained from 459 farm managers and qualitative data from 24 key informants from five different districts in GilgitBaltistan.Utilizing a logistic regression model,a statistical analysis is conducted on farmer and farm characteristics to investigate the probability of farm managers to engage in OGAs.The survey results show that around 71%of farm managers are engaged in OGAs(with 24%in farm diversification,61%in offfarm work and 15%in both).The share of female farm managers is 51%in farm diversification while male farm managers dominate off-farm activities(69%).The most prevalent types of farm diversification are the processing of farm products and tourism-related farm work,while the main off-farm activities are setting up grocery stores outside the farm,having salaried jobs or engaging in other non-agricultural business.There are significant differences between farmers with and without OGAs particularly regarding farmer characteristics,agricultural income and some other variables.The logit model results show that farmer characteristics mainly determine off-farm work activities while farm(and other)characteristics mostly explain farm diversification.These findings suggest that OGAs primarily exist as livelihood strategies.Farm diversification is linked with the long-term sustenance of agricultural activities while off-farm work is predominantly driven by economic needs.Both types of OGAs require specific support policies while attention needs to be given not to threaten regional food supply.
文摘This study investigates the geological background of the August 7-8, 2010 Zhouqu debris flows in the northwestern Chinese province of Gansu, and possible future occurrence of such hazards in the peri-Tibetan Plateau (TP) regions. Debris flows are a more predictable type of landslide because of its strong correlation with extreme precipitation. However, two factors affecting the frequency and magnitude of debris flows: very fine scale precipitation and degree of fracture of bedrock, both defy direct observations. Annual mean Net Primary production (NPP) is used as a surrogate for regional precipitation with patchiness filtered out, and gravity satellite measured regional mass changes as an indication of bedrock cracking, through the groundwater as the nexus.?The GRACE measurements indicate a region (to the north east of TP) of persistent mass gain (started well before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake), likely due to increased groundwater percolation. While in the neighboring agricultural region further to the north east, there are signal of decreased fossil water reservoir. The imposed stress fields by large scale increase/decrease groundwater may contribute to future geological instability of this region. Zhouqu locates right on the saddle of the gravity field anomaly. The region surrounding the Bay of Bangle (to the southeast of TP) has a similar situation. To investigate future changes in extreme precipitation, the other key player for debris flows, the “pseudo-climate change” experiments of a weather model forced by climate model provided perturbations on the thermal fields are performed and endangered locations are identified. In the future warmer climate, extreme precipitation will be more severe and debris will be more frequent and severe.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50179037).
文摘Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nonuniformity of sprinkler fertigation and the amount of fertilizers applied through fertigation on nitrogen uptake and crop yield during two growing seasons of winter wheat in 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 at an experimental station in Beijing. In the experiments, the seasonal averaged Christiansen irrigation uniformity coefficient （CU） varied from 72% to 84%. Except for the fertilizer applied before planting, fertilizer was applied with the sprinkler irrigation system with a seasonal averaged CU for fertigation varied from 71% to 85%. Three levels of fertilizer applied varying from 0 to 180 kg N ha^-1 were used in the experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that sprinkler fertigation uniformity had insignificant effects on nitrogen uptake and crop yield for the uniformity range tested. Also, the influence of fertilizer applied through sprinkler fertigation on crop yield was minor, while the total nitrogen content for stem and nitrogen uptake increased with increasing fertilizer applied.
基金This publication is sponsored by the Secretary of State for Science,Technology and Innovation of the Government of the Province of San Juan.
文摘This paper calculates the water footprint(WF)and virtual water(VW)for a basket of exportable agricultural products of San Juan province.This basket includes:onion,white garlic and grapes for raisins.The VW of these three productions is calculated and the consumption is evaluated in relation to the theoretical water reservoir capacity of the province.It is compared with results of other jobs.The methodology used is based on the WF assessment manual and on Food and Agriculture Organization’s(FAO’s)CROPWAT 8.0 model to identify the crops’water requirements and on the CIMWAT 2.0 climate database.Finally,recommendations are made for a more efficient use of water for agricultural production.
文摘As to sea level rise (SLR) contribution, melting and setting afloat make no difference for land based ice. Melting of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) into water is impossible in the upcoming several centuries, whereas breaking and partially afloat is likely as long as sea waters find a pathway to the bottom of those ice sectors with basal elevation below sea level. In this sense WAIS may be disintegrated in a future warming climate. We reassess the potential contribution to eustatic sea level from a collapse of WAIS and find that previous assessments have overlooked a contributor: slope instability after the cementing ice is removed. Over loading ice has a buttressing effect on slope movements the same way ice shelves hinder the flow of non-floating coastal ice. A sophisticated landslide model estimates a 9-mm eustatic SLR contribution from subsequent landslides.
文摘Earthquakes are the result of strain build-up from without and erosion from within faults. A generic co-seismic condition includes merely three angles representing respectively fault geometry, fault strength and the ratio of fault coupling to lithostatic load. Correspondingly, gravity fluctuation, bridging effect, and granular material production/distribution form the earthquake triad. As a dynamic component of the gravity field, groundwater fluctuation is the nexus among the three intervened components and plays a pivotal role in regulating major earthquake irregularity: reducing natural (dry) inter-seismic periods and lowering magnitudes. It may act mechanical-directly (MD) through super-imposing a seismogenic lateral stress field thus aiding plate-coupling from without;or mechanical-indirectly (MI) by enhancing fault fatigue, hence weakening the fault from within. A minimum requirement for a working earthquake prediction system is stipulated and implemented into a well-vetted numerical model. This fatigue mechanism based modeling system is an important supplement to the canonical frictional theory of tectonic earthquakes. For collisional systems (e.g., peri-Tibetan Plateau regions), MD mechanism dominates, because the orographically-induced spatially highly biased precipitation is effectively channeled into deeper depth by the prevalence of through-cut faults. Droughts elsewhere also are seismogenic but likely through MI effects. For example, ENSO, as the dominant player for regional precipitation, has strong influence on the gravity field over Andes. Major earthquakes, although bearing the same 4 - 7 years occurrence frequency as ENSO, have a significant hiatus, tracing gravity fluctuations. That granular channels left behind by seamounts foster major earthquakes further aver the relevance of MI over Andes. Similarly, the stability of the Cascadia fault is found remotely affected by Californian droughts (2011-15), which created a 0.15 kPa/km stress gradient along the Pacific range, which also is the wave guide.
文摘The research is designed to study the relationship of intake of fatty acids through fast food items, consumption trends and related health issues. Fried food products most commonly consumed at restaurants were selected. Food outlets of both branded and non-branded vendors were included in the study for comparison. Total fat content, Fatty acids and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME’s) in food samples were determined experimentally using titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods. Fatty acids of Stearic, Oleic and Myristic were extracted from each food sample using petroleum ether as extracting solvent, followed by conversion to FAME’s by treating the filtrate with methylamine, ethanol and sulphuric acid. A survey analysis using the questionnaire as a tool was also conducted. The results showed variable concentration in each sample. Total fat content was highest in French fries, followed by fish and chicken. Among the fatty acids, Stearic acid was found higher in concentration than other two fatty acids. The study concluded that the level of saturated fatty acids was 0.4 g (7.6%), which was securely under the allowable limit of daily value (on a 2000 calorie diet) of 3 g (15%).
基金"Studies in the Mechanism and Policies on Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Elimination"(15ZDC026)-a major program of the National Social Sciences Fund
文摘Since the Reform and Opening-up, remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation have been made in China. China's success in mass poverty reduction can be attributed to its rapid economic growth, large-scale regional poverty alleviation and development, sound social security policies, widereaching farmer-benefiting policies and the equal land allotment system. However, with income inequality on the rise, poverty reduction effect made by the economic growth is declining: More targeted poverty alleviation policies are needed by China. Targeted poverty alleviation aims to improve the effect and efficiency of poverty alleviation through precise identification of poverty-stricken populations and comprehensive supportive measures. To tackle a variety of challenges such as the poor cultivation among povertystricken populations, the complex causes for poverty, and inflexible capital management, China should improve its poverty alleviation mechanism by innovating poverty identification methods, support approaches, capital management and performance assessment.
文摘Based on the previous studies,taking Jia You Er Nv and Growing Pains as the research objects,this study explores the similarities and differences between Chinese and American family education from the perspectives of cross-cultural.After comparing,it is found that,affected by different cultures,expectations,contents,methods of family education and parent-child relationships in China and the United States are distinctly different.Only some aspects are similar.The reason for the differences is that the culture is mainly influenced by individualism and collectivism,Confucianism and Christianity culture,and different value orientation.Finally,on the basis of China’s national conditions and cultural environment,some suggestions are put forward for the improvement of family education in China.American family education has some positive reference significance for Chinese family education in renewing the concept of family education,touching attention to the overall development of children and developing children’s ability to think independently.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72272013,72402230,71971027 and 72321002)the Humanity and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.24YJC630232)+4 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.9244035)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743872)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZC20242003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023CX01029)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023BJRC031).
文摘The increasing complexity of global supply chains has presented critical challenges for businesses in coordinating resources, forecasting demand, and dynamically optimizing processes. Traditional supply chain management (SCM) methods are often inflexible, reactive, and prone to inefficiencies, which can result in missed opportunities and lost revenue. Technological advancements have played a pivotal role in addressing these challenges, with Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) emerging as a transformative force that offers numerous advantages for SCM. Despite the abundance of literature on the role of GAI in enhancing supply chain performance, it remains insufficient in providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for the construction of GAI applications and their empowerment mechanisms within SCM. This study first outlines the core GAI capabilities necessary for constructing the SCM framework. We then examine the empowerment mechanisms and challenges of GAI in SCM and propose corresponding solutions. Afterward, we discuss notable gaps and propose a comprehensive research agenda, focusing on the SCM framework empowered by GAI.
