This review provides an insightful and comprehensive exploration of the emerging 2D material borophene,both pristine and modified,emphasizing its unique attributes and potential for sustainable applications.Borophene...This review provides an insightful and comprehensive exploration of the emerging 2D material borophene,both pristine and modified,emphasizing its unique attributes and potential for sustainable applications.Borophene’s distinctive properties include its anisotropic crystal structures that contribute to its exceptional mechanical and electronic properties.The material exhibits superior electrical and thermal conductivity,surpassing many other 2D materials.Borophene’s unique atomic spin arrangements further diversify its potential application for magnetism.Surface and interface engineering,through doping,functionalization,and synthesis of hybridized and nanocomposite borophene-based systems,is crucial for tailoring borophene’s properties to specific applications.This review aims to address this knowledge gap through a comprehensive and critical analysis of different synthetic and functionalisation methods,to enhance surface reactivity by increasing active sites through doping and surface modifications.These approaches optimize diffusion pathways improving accessibility for catalytic reactions,and tailor the electronic density to tune the optical and electronic behavior.Key applications explored include energy systems(batteries,supercapacitors,and hydrogen storage),catalysis for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions,sensors,and optoelectronics for advanced photonic devices.The key to all these applications relies on strategies to introduce heteroatoms for tuning electronic and catalytic properties,employ chemical modifications to enhance stability and leverage borophene’s conductivity and reactivity for advanced photonics.Finally,the review addresses challenges and proposes solutions such as encapsulation,functionalization,and integration with composites to mitigate oxidation sensitivity and overcome scalability barriers,enabling sustainable,commercial-scale applications.展开更多
The polarization beam splitter is a key component for polarization manipulation in photonic integrated circuits,but it is challenging to design for low-refractive-index optical materials,due to the low birefringence o...The polarization beam splitter is a key component for polarization manipulation in photonic integrated circuits,but it is challenging to design for low-refractive-index optical materials,due to the low birefringence of the waveguides.We propose what we believe is a novel compact vertical-dual-slot waveguide-based coupling scheme for silicon carbide,enabling efficient low-birefringence polarization splitting by extensively modulating the transverse-magnetic mode distribution.We numerically and experimentally demonstrate the device in the 4H-siliconcarbide-on-insulator integrated platform,with a small footprint of 2.2 μm × 15 μm.The device,easy to fabricate via a single lithography process as other components on the chip,exhibits low insertion loss of <0.71 dB and <0.51 dB for the transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarized light,respectively,and polarization extinction ratio of >13 dB,over 80 nm wavelength range.展开更多
基金the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)for funding the researchUK India Education Research Initiative(UKIERI)for funding support.
文摘This review provides an insightful and comprehensive exploration of the emerging 2D material borophene,both pristine and modified,emphasizing its unique attributes and potential for sustainable applications.Borophene’s distinctive properties include its anisotropic crystal structures that contribute to its exceptional mechanical and electronic properties.The material exhibits superior electrical and thermal conductivity,surpassing many other 2D materials.Borophene’s unique atomic spin arrangements further diversify its potential application for magnetism.Surface and interface engineering,through doping,functionalization,and synthesis of hybridized and nanocomposite borophene-based systems,is crucial for tailoring borophene’s properties to specific applications.This review aims to address this knowledge gap through a comprehensive and critical analysis of different synthetic and functionalisation methods,to enhance surface reactivity by increasing active sites through doping and surface modifications.These approaches optimize diffusion pathways improving accessibility for catalytic reactions,and tailor the electronic density to tune the optical and electronic behavior.Key applications explored include energy systems(batteries,supercapacitors,and hydrogen storage),catalysis for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions,sensors,and optoelectronics for advanced photonic devices.The key to all these applications relies on strategies to introduce heteroatoms for tuning electronic and catalytic properties,employ chemical modifications to enhance stability and leverage borophene’s conductivity and reactivity for advanced photonics.Finally,the review addresses challenges and proposes solutions such as encapsulation,functionalization,and integration with composites to mitigate oxidation sensitivity and overcome scalability barriers,enabling sustainable,commercial-scale applications.
基金Horizon 2020 Framework Programme(824096)H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies(899679)。
文摘The polarization beam splitter is a key component for polarization manipulation in photonic integrated circuits,but it is challenging to design for low-refractive-index optical materials,due to the low birefringence of the waveguides.We propose what we believe is a novel compact vertical-dual-slot waveguide-based coupling scheme for silicon carbide,enabling efficient low-birefringence polarization splitting by extensively modulating the transverse-magnetic mode distribution.We numerically and experimentally demonstrate the device in the 4H-siliconcarbide-on-insulator integrated platform,with a small footprint of 2.2 μm × 15 μm.The device,easy to fabricate via a single lithography process as other components on the chip,exhibits low insertion loss of <0.71 dB and <0.51 dB for the transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarized light,respectively,and polarization extinction ratio of >13 dB,over 80 nm wavelength range.
