Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after sur...Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after surgery by having or acquiring this skill in health care.Also,Emotional intelligence is introduced as an impor tant and effective factor on the professional performance and mental health of healthcare professionals.Thus,the present study was designed and implemented to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking among operating room nursing students of medical sciences universities in Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was done on 420 operating room students in 10 top medical sciences universities of Iran in 2022.The sampling method in this research was multistage sampling.The data collection instruments included demographic characteristics,Rickett's critical thinking,and Bradberry-Greaves'emotional intelligence questionnaires.After receiving the ethics code,data collection was done for 2 months.For data analysis,descriptive and inferential analyses including independent t-tests,analysis of variance,and Pearson correlation were used.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 18(IBM Corporation,Armonk,New York,United States).P-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results:The mean age of the students participating in this study was 23.02±3.70 years,with women constituting 67.4%of them.The results of data analysis indicated that the mean total score of critical thinking and emotional intelligence was 124.10±37.52 and 114.12±43.63,respectively.A direct significant correlation between critical thinking and emotional intelligence(r=0.459,P-value<0.001)and a significant relationship between gender and emotional intelligence(P-value=0.028)were found.Conclusions:Based on the present study results,educational managers in the Ministry of Health are suggested to consider suitable educational programs for improving critical thinking and emotional intelligence to enhance the quality of care provided by students in operating rooms.展开更多
Objective:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)is one of the most important life-saving procedures in the hospital.Contrary to medical guidelines,family presence during CPR is still not accepted in some countries.Family ...Objective:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)is one of the most important life-saving procedures in the hospital.Contrary to medical guidelines,family presence during CPR is still not accepted in some countries.Family presence during CPR depends on the nurses’attitude,which is influenced by various factors.Emotional intelligence(EI)helps nurses make wise decisions and display responsible behavior,which is necessary for proper and good performance in nursing.The study’s purpose was to determine the attitude of acute care nurses toward family presence during CPR and its relationship with EI.Methods:The descriptive-analytical study was conducted among the nurses of acute care units(intensive care unit[ICU],critical care unit,and emergency department)in teaching hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,Iran,in 2022-2023.A total of 186 nurses were included in the study using convenience sampling.The data collection tools were a checklist of demographic characteristics,nurses’attitude toward the presence of family scale,and Siberia Schering’s EI questionnaire.The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics and SPSS software.Results:The mean age of the participants was(32.05±6.93)years.Of 186 nurses participating in the study,127(68.3%)were women and the rest were men.The mean score of attitude was 47.41±9.41(the minimum score of the nurses was 19 and the maximum score was 95).The mean score of EI was 99.27±8.86(the minimum score was 69 and the maximum score was 128).The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed no significant relationship between the total score of attitude and EI of the participants(P=0.588).Data analysis showed that only the self-arousal dimension of EI has a significant relationship with the range of family self-control behaviors in attitude(P=0.037).Conclusions:The results showed that the nurses of acute care units have a positive attitude toward the presence of the family during CPR and have high EI.Although no significant relationship was observed between the 2 variables,paying attention to the influencing factors on the attitude of the nurse toward family presence during CPR in different societies needs more research and investigation.展开更多
Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,h...Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,highlighting the need for adjunctive interventions like computerised cognitive training(CCT).Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 30-session CCT programme on mental well-being and cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia.Additionally,it assessed the usability and acceptability of CCT in this population.Methods A double-blind,randomised clinical trial was conducted with 54 participants assigned to intervention and control groups.Cognitive and mental health outcomes were assessed using validated tools such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21,the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.Usability was measured with the System Usability Scale(SUS).Assessments were conducted at baseline,post-intervention and 3 months post-follow-up.Results The CCT intervention significantly improved mental well-being,reduced stress and enhanced working memory(paired associate learning,spatial working memory and spatial span)compared with controls.However,no significant effects were observed for anxiety,depression or executive function.Usability scores were high(SUS=83.51),and compliance rates were strong(92.7%),indicating favourable participant engagement.Conclusion CCT demonstrated potential as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia,with significant improvements in targeted cognitive and mental health domains.The high usability and compliance rates support its feasibility for broader implementation.Further research is needed to optimise protocols and explore long-term benefits.CCT offers a promising approach to addressing mental health and cognitive challenges in schizophrenia,particularly for stress and working memory.Its usability and acceptability suggest it could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the two-year visual and refractive outcomes as well as the safety,and efficacy of photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)surgery for myopia.METHODS:In this prospective cohort study,63 eligible patients were re...AIM:To analyze the two-year visual and refractive outcomes as well as the safety,and efficacy of photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)surgery for myopia.METHODS:In this prospective cohort study,63 eligible patients were recruited,including 45 women(71.4%)and 18 men(28.6%).Demographic characteristics along with pre-and post-operative clinical data including visual acuity,refraction,maximum ablation,spherical and cylindrical error,and residual stromal bed(RSB)were evaluated.RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 35.42±8.16y(range 22 to 55y).The mean spherical and cylindrical error before surgery were-2.23±1.58 D(range-5 to+0.25)and-1.24±0.94 D,respectively(range-3.75 to 0.00).The mean efficacy and safety of PRK surgery at 2y follow-up were 0.98±0.06 and 1.01±0.04 respectively.The lower age was significantly correlated with a higher amount of efficacy index(P<0.001,r=-0.42).Also,the lower amount of preoperative myopia and spherical equivalent(SE)were correlated with a higher safety index(P<0.001,r=-0.44;P<0.001,r=-0.46).CONCLUSION:The two-year efficacy and safety of PRK for the treatment of low myopia is excellent.Younger age and lower amount of refractive error are correlated with higher efficacy and safety indices of the surgery.展开更多
AIM:To examine whether rs2472493 and rs248032 in the ABCA1 gene,rs3785176 in the PMM2 gene,and rs11827818 in the ARHGEF12 gene contribute to primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in an Iranian population.METHODS:Totally 82...AIM:To examine whether rs2472493 and rs248032 in the ABCA1 gene,rs3785176 in the PMM2 gene,and rs11827818 in the ARHGEF12 gene contribute to primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in an Iranian population.METHODS:Totally 82 POAG patients and 172 healthy controls were enrolled.The selected gene polymorphisms were analyzed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay using deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)extracted from blood samples.Allelic and genotypic frequencies were evaluated using the Chi-square test.The association between the genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and POAG was assessed using multiple logistic regression models.The linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block structure were assessed using the Haploview 4.2 software.RESULTS:The results showed a significant association between allele frequencies of rs2472493 in the ABCA1 gene locus and POAG[odds ratio(OR)=1.58,95%confidence intervals(CI)=1.04-2.39,P=0.031].The rs3785176 in the PMM2 gene was also associated with POAG in additive and over dominant genotypes.Moreover,haplotype analysis showed a significant association of two estimated haplotypes of rs2472493/rs2487032 with POAG.The AA haplotype showed a reduction in POAG risk(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.202-0.834,P=0.012),while the GG haplotype was associated with the disease.In addition,this study could not discover any association between genotype and allele frequency of rs248032 in the ABCA1 gene,and rs11827818 in ARHGEF12 gene and POAG.CONCLUSION:rs2472493 in the ABCA1 gene can be considered a genetic susceptibility locus for POAG.The haplotype constructed with ABCA1 gene SNPs(rs2472493/rs2487032)is associated with POAG.展开更多
Cancer treatment often requires a multimodal approach,such as combining chemotherapy and gene therapy.However,challenges such as low therapeutic efficacy and off-target effects hinder the effectiveness of these treatm...Cancer treatment often requires a multimodal approach,such as combining chemotherapy and gene therapy.However,challenges such as low therapeutic efficacy and off-target effects hinder the effectiveness of these treatments.In this study,the use of calcium-doped metal-organic frameworks Cu_(2)(BDC)_(2)(DABCO)as a nanocarrier platform for the co-delivery of doxorubicin(DOX)and plasmid CRISPR(pCRISPR)proposed to enhance anticancer efficiency.We demonstrated that Ca-doped MOF nanocarriers significantly improved the uptake of DOX and pCRISPR by in cancer cells.The co-delivery of DOX and pCRISPR with Ca-doped MOF nanocarriers resulted in a significant rise in cell death and decreased targeted gene expression.展开更多
Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,...Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,collagen and gold nanoparticles with random and aligned nanofiber morphologies.The nanoparticles were green-synthesized using saffron extract.Nanoparticle characterizations with UV-Vis.spectroscopy and DLS illustrated theoretical and hydrodynamic diameters of around 7 and 13 nm,respectively,having zeta potential of−37 mV.SEM and TEM micrographs showed the morphology and diameters of obtained nanofibers.Also,further characterization were done by ATR-FTIR,XRD and TGA investigations and degradation studies.Contact angle measurements showed hydrophilic nature of the scaffolds(59±0.6°for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 120±2.6°for random PU nanofibers).Mechanical testing demonstrated appropriate tensile properties of the scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering(Young’s modulus:1.53±0.07 MPa for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 0.4±0.05 MPa for random PU nanofibers).Finally,alamar blue assay revealed proper survival of the cells of HUVEC cell line on the prepared scaffolds,where the highest percentages were observed for random and aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers.According to the findings,the fabricated PU/Col/AuNPs nanofibrous scaffolds could be considered as potential cardiac patches.展开更多
BACKGROUND It is expected that transfer of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve,which is widely used in the restoration of the shoulder function in brachial plexus birth injury(BPBI),impairs the trapezius fun...BACKGROUND It is expected that transfer of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve,which is widely used in the restoration of the shoulder function in brachial plexus birth injury(BPBI),impairs the trapezius function.AIM To hypothesize that the lower trapezius muscle remains functional after this neve transfer.METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study,patients with BPBI who underwent nerve transfer from accessory nerve to supraclavicular were followed for at least six months following the operation and demographic data were extracted from the database.To assess the lower trapezius function,shoulder abduction and external rotation were examined,and electromyography and nerve conduction velocity(EMG-NCV)was performed.RESULTS A total of 19 patients with a mean age of 2.69±1.40 years and a mean follow-up of 10.5 months were included in the study.Shoulder abduction was disabled completely only in one patient(5.26%);10(52.63%)had good,3(15.78%)moderate,and 5(26.31%)had poor shoulder abduction.Regarding external rotation,one(5.26%)was unable to externally rotate the shoulder;among 18(94.73%)patients who had satisfactory results,8(42.10%)were evaluated to be good,5(26.31%)moderate,and 5(26.31%)poor.EMG-NCV showed functional lower trapezius in all patients;its function was evaluated to be good in 11(57.89%),moderate in 6(31.57%),and poor in 2(10.52%)cases.CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that the lower trapezius muscle has a dual motor innervation which provides the possibility of further trapezius tendon transfer to restore a better shoulder function.展开更多
Objective:To explain barriers to childbearing among working women from the perspective of working women and midwives.Methods:In this study,a qualitative study of content analysis method was employed.The study was cond...Objective:To explain barriers to childbearing among working women from the perspective of working women and midwives.Methods:In this study,a qualitative study of content analysis method was employed.The study was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022.The population consisted of working women and midwives.Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation was achieved.Through purposeful sampling,10 women and 11 midwives were selected as the sample.The data were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach.For more rigorous,Nvivo 14 software was also used for data management,analysis,coding and organization of data.Results:This study included 21 women(10 women employees and 11 midwives)aged 25-43 years(for women employees)and 27-56 years(for midwives)with 1 to 34 years of job experience.In examination of participant’views about the barriers to childbearing,1124 codes were identified,of which we managed to extract six subthemes and two themes.Two themes emerged:“lack of social support and lack of family support”.Subthemes of“lack of social support”were“inadequate leave,long distance from workplace,and insufficient wages”.Subthemes of“lack of family support”were“lack of spouse support,lack of spouse's family support,and lack of their family support”.Conclusions:Different socioeconomic factors influence childbearing tendency in working women.Social and family supports play an important role in this regard.It is important to take these factors into account at the time of policymaking in the field of midwifery.展开更多
Objective:To explore the perspectives of high-risk pregnant women regarding the home care program for high-risk pregnancies.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in a university hospital and 5 comprehensive hea...Objective:To explore the perspectives of high-risk pregnant women regarding the home care program for high-risk pregnancies.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in a university hospital and 5 comprehensive health centers in Ahvaz,Iran,from February 2023 to July 2023.The sampling method used was purposive sampling considering the maximum possible diversity,which continued until data saturation.11 in-depth and semistructured interviews were conducted with high-risk pregnant women.Data were simultaneously analysed using Graneheim and Lundman content analysis by MAXQDA version 20 software.Results:Data analysis extracted 3 themes,12 categories,and 26 subcategories.The themes and categories were“high-risk pregnancy and related issues(pursuing treatment and paying attention to the high-risk situation by pregnant women,psychological aspect of high-risk pregnancy on pregnant women and caregivers,emotional and physical aspects of high-risk pregnancy,the consequences of high-risk pregnancy on the people around them and empowerment of high-risk pregnant women)”,“support dimension(family and community support for high-risk pregnant women)”,and“framework of program(acculturalization,means and equipment,security,manpower and the necessary arrangements for the home care)”.Conclusions:High-risk pregnancy affects various aspects of the lives of high-risk pregnant women and their families.Creating the necessary conditions for providing care at home plays a vital role in supporting high-risk pregnant women and removing related obstacles to receiving prenatal care in person.It will be especially beneficial for high-risk pregnant women in low-income areas.展开更多
Objective:To determine the causes of COVID-19 deaths at home.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on confirmed COVID-19 deaths,which were confirmed to occur at home using the“Electronic Death ...Objective:To determine the causes of COVID-19 deaths at home.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on confirmed COVID-19 deaths,which were confirmed to occur at home using the“Electronic Death Registration System(EDRS)”database,from February 20,2020,to September 23,2021,in the Fars province,south of Iran.A semi-structured,face-to-face survey consisting of 29 items was filled by the family caregivers,and the information was confirmed based on medical records.Results:One hundred and ninety-three deaths were included,with 60.1%male and 39.9%female.More than 75%of cases had at least one comorbid condition.Death was unexpected for 65.8%of the families and 45.1%of the deceased cases had been medically managed at home during the disease.According to the family caregivers’opinion,the most frequent causes of death at home in their COVID-19 patients were early discharge/release from the hospital(28.5%),physician's reassurance to continue home quarantine/supportive care(14.5%),hopeless/oldest-old patient(11.9%),and family/relative recommendation to not to hospitalize their patient due to fears,myths,etc.(8.8%).Conclusions:In family caregivers’belief,deaths at home might be related to healthcare system preparedness,physicians’knowledge,and public education and empowerment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature ...BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature on the role of NLR in OA,a classic age-related disorder,to perform a meta-analysis of the available data.METHODS The electronic databases PubMed,ProQuest,and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to March 1,2024.The inclusion criteria were retro-spective and prospective case-control studies involving human subjects with OA and healthy controls.The included studies needed to provide NLR levels for both OA patients and healthy controls and perform a comparative analysis of NLR levels between these groups.RESULTS According to the PRISMA guidelines,fifteen articles were included in the meta-analysis after multiple screenings.The pooled results demonstrated a significant overall elevation of NLR in OA patients compared to healthy controls.(standardized mean difference=0.39,95%confidence interval:0.03-0.75,P=0.03).However,the subgroup analysis shows no significant differences in NLR levels when considering study design(retrospective vs prospective)and OA severity(severe vs mild-moderate).This suggests variability and potential limitations in using NLR as a consistent marker across different study types and OA severity.CONCLUSION Our study found that OA patients have higher NLR than healthy individuals.However,NLR did not significantly differ by study type or disease severity,suggesting its limited use in indicating OA severity.展开更多
A MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)coupled with acylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(AMWCNTS)was prepared using an easy one-step modification approach and applied for the visible light-assisted removal of ciprofloxacin(C...A MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)coupled with acylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(AMWCNTS)was prepared using an easy one-step modification approach and applied for the visible light-assisted removal of ciprofloxacin(CIP).FT-IR,XRD,VSM,Raman spectrum,FE-SEM,BJH/BET,UV-Vis,and band gap analysis were used to characterize nanocomposites.In terms of CIP removal,the nanocomposites outperformed both AMWCNTS and MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)nanoparticles.At a pH of 7,an initial CIP concentration of 25 mg·L^(-1),a reaction time of 40 min,and a catalyst dose of 0.8 g·L^(-1),all of the CIP was degraded.The ratios of BOD5/COD(5-day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand)and BOD5/TOC(5-day biological oxygen demand/total organic carbon)at the beginning of the process were 0.22 and 0.71,respectively,and reached 0.755 and 1.21 at the end of the process,which signposts the conversion of non-biodegradable wastewater into biodegradable wastewater.Scavenger studies disclosed that hydroxyl radicals and holes had the greatest effect on the degradation of CIP.The toxicity of the final effluent was also investigated with E.coli bacteria,and the results showed a very good effect of the process in the field of effluent sterilization.Equilibrium data fully followed first-order kinetics,with a reaction rate constant of 0.109 min^(-1).Also,the half-life for the complete degradation of CIP was equal to 6.8 min.The CIP removal efficiency still remained at 9.4%in the five cycles.MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)@AMWCNTS gave a pronounced potential for eliminating CIP from aqueous environment.展开更多
Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in de...Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs.Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.Dysregulation of FOXR2 has been linked to numerous malignant tumors,spanning the brain,nervous system,thyroid,osteosarcoma,Hodgkin lymphoma,colorectal,liver,pancreatic,lung,breast,ovarian,prostate,female genital tract,endometrial,and uterine cancers.Despite extensive research on FOXR2 dysregulation,its practical applications remain underexplored.This review delves into the mechanisms underlying FOXR2 dysregulation during oncogenesis and its implications for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.展开更多
Currently,cell culture models play a key role in determining cell behavior under various conditions.However,the accurate simulation of cellular behavior that imitates the body’s conditions remains a challenge.Therefo...Currently,cell culture models play a key role in determining cell behavior under various conditions.However,the accurate simulation of cellular behavior that imitates the body’s conditions remains a challenge.Therefore,to overcome this obstacle,three-dimensional cell culture models have been developed.Microfluidic tissues/organs-on-chips(TOOCs)are new devices that have provided the opportunity to culture cells in a medium that is almost similar to the physiological conditions of the body.TOOCs can be designed in simple or complex models,which are mostly fabricated by soft lithography.These novel structures have been developed to mimic the conditions of various tissues and organs;however,microfluidic models for oral and dental tissues have not yet been widely used.The application of TOOCs for oral tissues/organs can provide the opportunity to study cell interactions with biomaterials used in dentistry.Furthermore,TOOCs can provide the opportunity to study the cellular interactions and developmental stages of oral tissues/organs more accurately.This review of the current advances in the field of TOOC development for oral tissues provides a comprehensive understanding of this burgeoning concept,shows the progress and applications of these novel models in the imitation of oral tissues/organs thus far,and reveals the limitations that TOOCs confront.Moreover,it suggests further perspectives for future applications.展开更多
Objective:Given the importance of having knowledge on the hemovigilance process in nursing care,the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the hemovigilance education on nursing students’knowledge u...Objective:Given the importance of having knowledge on the hemovigilance process in nursing care,the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the hemovigilance education on nursing students’knowledge using a conceptual map.The current research was a semi-experimental study.Methods:The samples consisted of 60 nursing students who were selected based on the inclusion criteria using the census sampling method.Thereafter,these participants were randomly assigned into the two groups:experimental and control groups.The required data were collected before,immediately after,and 1 month after the education using the hemovigilance knowledge questionnaire.Accordingly,the validity of this questionnaire was confirmed,and its reliability using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was reported as 0.83.The education process was conducted during a 4-week period.Thereafter,the collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS v25.Results:The results reveal that a significant difference existed between the knowledge scores of students in the experimental group compared with that of the control group during different times(including before,immediately after,and 1 month after the education)(P<0.0001).Of note,hemovigilance education had a significant effect on the students’knowledge(P<0.0001).Conclusions:Due to the effect of the hemovigilance education on the students’knowledge and by applying the conceptual map in the easy transfer of the educational concepts,it is recommended that the results of the present study be used to strengthen the theoretical and clinical education of nursing students.展开更多
Epidemiological evidence presents that dust storms are related to respiratory diseases,such as pulmonary fibrosis(PF).However,the precise underlying mechanisms of SPM-elicited adverse effects still need to be investig...Epidemiological evidence presents that dust storms are related to respiratory diseases,such as pulmonary fibrosis(PF).However,the precise underlying mechanisms of SPM-elicited adverse effects still need to be investigated.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process is a characteristic of PF.We discussed whether suspended particulate matter(SPM)is involved in EMT induction via transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1).In this study,a detailed elemental analysis(55 elements),particle size,and morphology were determined.To investigate the toxicity of SPM,an MTT test was performed to detect cell viability.Next,A549cells were exposed to selected concentrations of SPM(20 and 40μg/mL)for single and repeated exposures.The DCFH-DA assay showed that exposure to SPM could produce reactive oxygen species(ROS).The ELISA assay demonstrated increased levels of interleukin-8(IL-8)and TGF-β1 in the supernatant.Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins associated with EMT and the SMAD3-dependent pathway.Results of western blot demonstrated that E-cadherin was reduced,whereas p-SMAD3,vimentin,andα-smooth muscle actin were elevated.Our findings indicated that SPM triggered EMT by induction of oxidative stress,inflammation,and the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway activation.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the impact of niosome nanoparticles carrying umbelliprenin(UMB),an anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory plant compound,on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF-A)and connective ...AIM:To investigate the impact of niosome nanoparticles carrying umbelliprenin(UMB),an anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory plant compound,on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF-A)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)genes in a human retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)-like retina-derived cell line.METHODS:UMB-containing niosomes were created,optimized,and characterized.RPE-like cells were treated with free UMB and UMB-containing niosomes.The IC_(50)values of the treatments were determined using an MTT assay.Gene expression of VEGF-A and CTGF was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis.Niosomes’characteristics,including drug entrapment efficiency,size,dispersion index,and zeta potential were assessed.Free UMB had an IC_(50)of 96.2μg/mL,while UMB-containing niosomes had an IC_(50)of 25μg/mL.RESULTS:Treatment with UMB-containing niosomes and free UMB resulted in a significant reduction in VEGF-A expression compared to control cells(P=0.001).Additionally,UMB-containing niosomes demonstrated a significant reduction in CTGF expression compared to control cells(P=0.05).However,there was no significant reduction in the expression of both genes in cells treated with free UMB.CONCLUSION:Both free UMB and niosome-encapsulated UMB inhibits VEGF-A and CTGF genes expression.However,the latter demonstrates significantly greater efficacy,potentially due to the lower UMB dosage and gradual delivery.These findings have implications for anti-angiogenesis therapeutic approaches targeting age-related macular degeneration.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide(SO2)exposure and semen quality parameters.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating the as...Objective:To investigate the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide(SO2)exposure and semen quality parameters.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating the association between SO2 exposure and semen quality parameters.This search encompassed the timeframe from January 2000 to May 2023 and included electronic databases such as Web of Science,Google Scholar,PubMed,Cochrane,and Scopus.Pooled effect estimates with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated using percent changes(PC).The meta-analysis included seven studies with 6711 participants and 15087 semen samples.Results:The results revealed a significant negative association between ambient SO2 exposure and certain semen quality parameters.In particular,SO2 exposure was associated with a significant decrease in progressive motility(PC=0.032;95%CI:-0.063 to-0.001;P=0.044)and sperm concentration(PC=-0.020;95%CI:-0.036 to-0.005;P=0.012).However,no statistically significant associations were observed for total sperm count(PC=-0.038;95%CI:-0.079 to 0.003;P=0.070),seminal fluid volume(PC=-0.009;95%CI:-0.048 to-0.030;P=0.662)and sperm motility(PC=-0.17;95%CI:-0.363 to 0.022;P=0.830).In addition,the results of the subgroup analysis revealed specific variables that were associated with the decrease in relevant sperm parameters.Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis provides compelling evidence supporting a consistent negative association between exposure to ambient SO2 and semen quality parameters.展开更多
Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecological cancers,primarily due to the lack of specific symptoms leading to an advanced-stage diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy.Drug resistance(DR)poses the most sign...Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecological cancers,primarily due to the lack of specific symptoms leading to an advanced-stage diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy.Drug resistance(DR)poses the most significant challenge in treating patients with existing drugs.The Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has recently approved three new therapeutic drugs,including two poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors(olaparib and niraparib)and one vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)inhibitor(bevacizumab)for maintenance therapy.However,resistance to these new drugs has emerged.Therefore,understanding the mechanisms of DR and exploring new approaches to overcome them is crucial for effective management.In this review,we summarize the major molecular mechanisms of DR and discuss novel strategies to combat DR.展开更多
文摘Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after surgery by having or acquiring this skill in health care.Also,Emotional intelligence is introduced as an impor tant and effective factor on the professional performance and mental health of healthcare professionals.Thus,the present study was designed and implemented to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking among operating room nursing students of medical sciences universities in Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was done on 420 operating room students in 10 top medical sciences universities of Iran in 2022.The sampling method in this research was multistage sampling.The data collection instruments included demographic characteristics,Rickett's critical thinking,and Bradberry-Greaves'emotional intelligence questionnaires.After receiving the ethics code,data collection was done for 2 months.For data analysis,descriptive and inferential analyses including independent t-tests,analysis of variance,and Pearson correlation were used.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 18(IBM Corporation,Armonk,New York,United States).P-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results:The mean age of the students participating in this study was 23.02±3.70 years,with women constituting 67.4%of them.The results of data analysis indicated that the mean total score of critical thinking and emotional intelligence was 124.10±37.52 and 114.12±43.63,respectively.A direct significant correlation between critical thinking and emotional intelligence(r=0.459,P-value<0.001)and a significant relationship between gender and emotional intelligence(P-value=0.028)were found.Conclusions:Based on the present study results,educational managers in the Ministry of Health are suggested to consider suitable educational programs for improving critical thinking and emotional intelligence to enhance the quality of care provided by students in operating rooms.
文摘Objective:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)is one of the most important life-saving procedures in the hospital.Contrary to medical guidelines,family presence during CPR is still not accepted in some countries.Family presence during CPR depends on the nurses’attitude,which is influenced by various factors.Emotional intelligence(EI)helps nurses make wise decisions and display responsible behavior,which is necessary for proper and good performance in nursing.The study’s purpose was to determine the attitude of acute care nurses toward family presence during CPR and its relationship with EI.Methods:The descriptive-analytical study was conducted among the nurses of acute care units(intensive care unit[ICU],critical care unit,and emergency department)in teaching hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,Iran,in 2022-2023.A total of 186 nurses were included in the study using convenience sampling.The data collection tools were a checklist of demographic characteristics,nurses’attitude toward the presence of family scale,and Siberia Schering’s EI questionnaire.The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics and SPSS software.Results:The mean age of the participants was(32.05±6.93)years.Of 186 nurses participating in the study,127(68.3%)were women and the rest were men.The mean score of attitude was 47.41±9.41(the minimum score of the nurses was 19 and the maximum score was 95).The mean score of EI was 99.27±8.86(the minimum score was 69 and the maximum score was 128).The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed no significant relationship between the total score of attitude and EI of the participants(P=0.588).Data analysis showed that only the self-arousal dimension of EI has a significant relationship with the range of family self-control behaviors in attitude(P=0.037).Conclusions:The results showed that the nurses of acute care units have a positive attitude toward the presence of the family during CPR and have high EI.Although no significant relationship was observed between the 2 variables,paying attention to the influencing factors on the attitude of the nurse toward family presence during CPR in different societies needs more research and investigation.
基金supported by a grant from University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences for the research expenses.
文摘Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,highlighting the need for adjunctive interventions like computerised cognitive training(CCT).Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 30-session CCT programme on mental well-being and cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia.Additionally,it assessed the usability and acceptability of CCT in this population.Methods A double-blind,randomised clinical trial was conducted with 54 participants assigned to intervention and control groups.Cognitive and mental health outcomes were assessed using validated tools such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21,the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.Usability was measured with the System Usability Scale(SUS).Assessments were conducted at baseline,post-intervention and 3 months post-follow-up.Results The CCT intervention significantly improved mental well-being,reduced stress and enhanced working memory(paired associate learning,spatial working memory and spatial span)compared with controls.However,no significant effects were observed for anxiety,depression or executive function.Usability scores were high(SUS=83.51),and compliance rates were strong(92.7%),indicating favourable participant engagement.Conclusion CCT demonstrated potential as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia,with significant improvements in targeted cognitive and mental health domains.The high usability and compliance rates support its feasibility for broader implementation.Further research is needed to optimise protocols and explore long-term benefits.CCT offers a promising approach to addressing mental health and cognitive challenges in schizophrenia,particularly for stress and working memory.Its usability and acceptability suggest it could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice.
文摘AIM:To analyze the two-year visual and refractive outcomes as well as the safety,and efficacy of photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)surgery for myopia.METHODS:In this prospective cohort study,63 eligible patients were recruited,including 45 women(71.4%)and 18 men(28.6%).Demographic characteristics along with pre-and post-operative clinical data including visual acuity,refraction,maximum ablation,spherical and cylindrical error,and residual stromal bed(RSB)were evaluated.RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 35.42±8.16y(range 22 to 55y).The mean spherical and cylindrical error before surgery were-2.23±1.58 D(range-5 to+0.25)and-1.24±0.94 D,respectively(range-3.75 to 0.00).The mean efficacy and safety of PRK surgery at 2y follow-up were 0.98±0.06 and 1.01±0.04 respectively.The lower age was significantly correlated with a higher amount of efficacy index(P<0.001,r=-0.42).Also,the lower amount of preoperative myopia and spherical equivalent(SE)were correlated with a higher safety index(P<0.001,r=-0.44;P<0.001,r=-0.46).CONCLUSION:The two-year efficacy and safety of PRK for the treatment of low myopia is excellent.Younger age and lower amount of refractive error are correlated with higher efficacy and safety indices of the surgery.
基金Supported by the Noor Ophthalmology Research Center and Shahroud University of Medical Sciences(No.9449)Shahroud University of Medical Sciences(No.9449)Shahroud Eye Cohort Study is supported by the Noor Ophthalmology Research Center and Shahroud University of Medical Sciences(No.8737).
文摘AIM:To examine whether rs2472493 and rs248032 in the ABCA1 gene,rs3785176 in the PMM2 gene,and rs11827818 in the ARHGEF12 gene contribute to primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in an Iranian population.METHODS:Totally 82 POAG patients and 172 healthy controls were enrolled.The selected gene polymorphisms were analyzed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay using deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)extracted from blood samples.Allelic and genotypic frequencies were evaluated using the Chi-square test.The association between the genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and POAG was assessed using multiple logistic regression models.The linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block structure were assessed using the Haploview 4.2 software.RESULTS:The results showed a significant association between allele frequencies of rs2472493 in the ABCA1 gene locus and POAG[odds ratio(OR)=1.58,95%confidence intervals(CI)=1.04-2.39,P=0.031].The rs3785176 in the PMM2 gene was also associated with POAG in additive and over dominant genotypes.Moreover,haplotype analysis showed a significant association of two estimated haplotypes of rs2472493/rs2487032 with POAG.The AA haplotype showed a reduction in POAG risk(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.202-0.834,P=0.012),while the GG haplotype was associated with the disease.In addition,this study could not discover any association between genotype and allele frequency of rs248032 in the ABCA1 gene,and rs11827818 in ARHGEF12 gene and POAG.CONCLUSION:rs2472493 in the ABCA1 gene can be considered a genetic susceptibility locus for POAG.The haplotype constructed with ABCA1 gene SNPs(rs2472493/rs2487032)is associated with POAG.
文摘Cancer treatment often requires a multimodal approach,such as combining chemotherapy and gene therapy.However,challenges such as low therapeutic efficacy and off-target effects hinder the effectiveness of these treatments.In this study,the use of calcium-doped metal-organic frameworks Cu_(2)(BDC)_(2)(DABCO)as a nanocarrier platform for the co-delivery of doxorubicin(DOX)and plasmid CRISPR(pCRISPR)proposed to enhance anticancer efficiency.We demonstrated that Ca-doped MOF nanocarriers significantly improved the uptake of DOX and pCRISPR by in cancer cells.The co-delivery of DOX and pCRISPR with Ca-doped MOF nanocarriers resulted in a significant rise in cell death and decreased targeted gene expression.
基金supported by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran(grant No.:17780).
文摘Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,collagen and gold nanoparticles with random and aligned nanofiber morphologies.The nanoparticles were green-synthesized using saffron extract.Nanoparticle characterizations with UV-Vis.spectroscopy and DLS illustrated theoretical and hydrodynamic diameters of around 7 and 13 nm,respectively,having zeta potential of−37 mV.SEM and TEM micrographs showed the morphology and diameters of obtained nanofibers.Also,further characterization were done by ATR-FTIR,XRD and TGA investigations and degradation studies.Contact angle measurements showed hydrophilic nature of the scaffolds(59±0.6°for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 120±2.6°for random PU nanofibers).Mechanical testing demonstrated appropriate tensile properties of the scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering(Young’s modulus:1.53±0.07 MPa for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 0.4±0.05 MPa for random PU nanofibers).Finally,alamar blue assay revealed proper survival of the cells of HUVEC cell line on the prepared scaffolds,where the highest percentages were observed for random and aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers.According to the findings,the fabricated PU/Col/AuNPs nanofibrous scaffolds could be considered as potential cardiac patches.
文摘BACKGROUND It is expected that transfer of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve,which is widely used in the restoration of the shoulder function in brachial plexus birth injury(BPBI),impairs the trapezius function.AIM To hypothesize that the lower trapezius muscle remains functional after this neve transfer.METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study,patients with BPBI who underwent nerve transfer from accessory nerve to supraclavicular were followed for at least six months following the operation and demographic data were extracted from the database.To assess the lower trapezius function,shoulder abduction and external rotation were examined,and electromyography and nerve conduction velocity(EMG-NCV)was performed.RESULTS A total of 19 patients with a mean age of 2.69±1.40 years and a mean follow-up of 10.5 months were included in the study.Shoulder abduction was disabled completely only in one patient(5.26%);10(52.63%)had good,3(15.78%)moderate,and 5(26.31%)had poor shoulder abduction.Regarding external rotation,one(5.26%)was unable to externally rotate the shoulder;among 18(94.73%)patients who had satisfactory results,8(42.10%)were evaluated to be good,5(26.31%)moderate,and 5(26.31%)poor.EMG-NCV showed functional lower trapezius in all patients;its function was evaluated to be good in 11(57.89%),moderate in 6(31.57%),and poor in 2(10.52%)cases.CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that the lower trapezius muscle has a dual motor innervation which provides the possibility of further trapezius tendon transfer to restore a better shoulder function.
基金This study was supported by Kerman University of medical sciences,with grant number:95000387.
文摘Objective:To explain barriers to childbearing among working women from the perspective of working women and midwives.Methods:In this study,a qualitative study of content analysis method was employed.The study was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022.The population consisted of working women and midwives.Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation was achieved.Through purposeful sampling,10 women and 11 midwives were selected as the sample.The data were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach.For more rigorous,Nvivo 14 software was also used for data management,analysis,coding and organization of data.Results:This study included 21 women(10 women employees and 11 midwives)aged 25-43 years(for women employees)and 27-56 years(for midwives)with 1 to 34 years of job experience.In examination of participant’views about the barriers to childbearing,1124 codes were identified,of which we managed to extract six subthemes and two themes.Two themes emerged:“lack of social support and lack of family support”.Subthemes of“lack of social support”were“inadequate leave,long distance from workplace,and insufficient wages”.Subthemes of“lack of family support”were“lack of spouse support,lack of spouse's family support,and lack of their family support”.Conclusions:Different socioeconomic factors influence childbearing tendency in working women.Social and family supports play an important role in this regard.It is important to take these factors into account at the time of policymaking in the field of midwifery.
文摘Objective:To explore the perspectives of high-risk pregnant women regarding the home care program for high-risk pregnancies.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in a university hospital and 5 comprehensive health centers in Ahvaz,Iran,from February 2023 to July 2023.The sampling method used was purposive sampling considering the maximum possible diversity,which continued until data saturation.11 in-depth and semistructured interviews were conducted with high-risk pregnant women.Data were simultaneously analysed using Graneheim and Lundman content analysis by MAXQDA version 20 software.Results:Data analysis extracted 3 themes,12 categories,and 26 subcategories.The themes and categories were“high-risk pregnancy and related issues(pursuing treatment and paying attention to the high-risk situation by pregnant women,psychological aspect of high-risk pregnancy on pregnant women and caregivers,emotional and physical aspects of high-risk pregnancy,the consequences of high-risk pregnancy on the people around them and empowerment of high-risk pregnant women)”,“support dimension(family and community support for high-risk pregnant women)”,and“framework of program(acculturalization,means and equipment,security,manpower and the necessary arrangements for the home care)”.Conclusions:High-risk pregnancy affects various aspects of the lives of high-risk pregnant women and their families.Creating the necessary conditions for providing care at home plays a vital role in supporting high-risk pregnant women and removing related obstacles to receiving prenatal care in person.It will be especially beneficial for high-risk pregnant women in low-income areas.
文摘Objective:To determine the causes of COVID-19 deaths at home.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on confirmed COVID-19 deaths,which were confirmed to occur at home using the“Electronic Death Registration System(EDRS)”database,from February 20,2020,to September 23,2021,in the Fars province,south of Iran.A semi-structured,face-to-face survey consisting of 29 items was filled by the family caregivers,and the information was confirmed based on medical records.Results:One hundred and ninety-three deaths were included,with 60.1%male and 39.9%female.More than 75%of cases had at least one comorbid condition.Death was unexpected for 65.8%of the families and 45.1%of the deceased cases had been medically managed at home during the disease.According to the family caregivers’opinion,the most frequent causes of death at home in their COVID-19 patients were early discharge/release from the hospital(28.5%),physician's reassurance to continue home quarantine/supportive care(14.5%),hopeless/oldest-old patient(11.9%),and family/relative recommendation to not to hospitalize their patient due to fears,myths,etc.(8.8%).Conclusions:In family caregivers’belief,deaths at home might be related to healthcare system preparedness,physicians’knowledge,and public education and empowerment.
文摘BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis(OA)involves low-grade inflammation.The neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)may serve as a simple biomarker,but its role in OA remains unclear.AIM To review the existing scientific literature on the role of NLR in OA,a classic age-related disorder,to perform a meta-analysis of the available data.METHODS The electronic databases PubMed,ProQuest,and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to March 1,2024.The inclusion criteria were retro-spective and prospective case-control studies involving human subjects with OA and healthy controls.The included studies needed to provide NLR levels for both OA patients and healthy controls and perform a comparative analysis of NLR levels between these groups.RESULTS According to the PRISMA guidelines,fifteen articles were included in the meta-analysis after multiple screenings.The pooled results demonstrated a significant overall elevation of NLR in OA patients compared to healthy controls.(standardized mean difference=0.39,95%confidence interval:0.03-0.75,P=0.03).However,the subgroup analysis shows no significant differences in NLR levels when considering study design(retrospective vs prospective)and OA severity(severe vs mild-moderate).This suggests variability and potential limitations in using NLR as a consistent marker across different study types and OA severity.CONCLUSION Our study found that OA patients have higher NLR than healthy individuals.However,NLR did not significantly differ by study type or disease severity,suggesting its limited use in indicating OA severity.
基金support provided by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences(Iran),making this study possible(IR.ZAUMS.REC.1401.442).
文摘A MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)coupled with acylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(AMWCNTS)was prepared using an easy one-step modification approach and applied for the visible light-assisted removal of ciprofloxacin(CIP).FT-IR,XRD,VSM,Raman spectrum,FE-SEM,BJH/BET,UV-Vis,and band gap analysis were used to characterize nanocomposites.In terms of CIP removal,the nanocomposites outperformed both AMWCNTS and MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)nanoparticles.At a pH of 7,an initial CIP concentration of 25 mg·L^(-1),a reaction time of 40 min,and a catalyst dose of 0.8 g·L^(-1),all of the CIP was degraded.The ratios of BOD5/COD(5-day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand)and BOD5/TOC(5-day biological oxygen demand/total organic carbon)at the beginning of the process were 0.22 and 0.71,respectively,and reached 0.755 and 1.21 at the end of the process,which signposts the conversion of non-biodegradable wastewater into biodegradable wastewater.Scavenger studies disclosed that hydroxyl radicals and holes had the greatest effect on the degradation of CIP.The toxicity of the final effluent was also investigated with E.coli bacteria,and the results showed a very good effect of the process in the field of effluent sterilization.Equilibrium data fully followed first-order kinetics,with a reaction rate constant of 0.109 min^(-1).Also,the half-life for the complete degradation of CIP was equal to 6.8 min.The CIP removal efficiency still remained at 9.4%in the five cycles.MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)@AMWCNTS gave a pronounced potential for eliminating CIP from aqueous environment.
文摘Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs.Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.Dysregulation of FOXR2 has been linked to numerous malignant tumors,spanning the brain,nervous system,thyroid,osteosarcoma,Hodgkin lymphoma,colorectal,liver,pancreatic,lung,breast,ovarian,prostate,female genital tract,endometrial,and uterine cancers.Despite extensive research on FOXR2 dysregulation,its practical applications remain underexplored.This review delves into the mechanisms underlying FOXR2 dysregulation during oncogenesis and its implications for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.
基金supported by the National Institute of Dental&Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health(Nos.R15DE027533,R56 DE029191,and 3R15DE027533-01A1W1).
文摘Currently,cell culture models play a key role in determining cell behavior under various conditions.However,the accurate simulation of cellular behavior that imitates the body’s conditions remains a challenge.Therefore,to overcome this obstacle,three-dimensional cell culture models have been developed.Microfluidic tissues/organs-on-chips(TOOCs)are new devices that have provided the opportunity to culture cells in a medium that is almost similar to the physiological conditions of the body.TOOCs can be designed in simple or complex models,which are mostly fabricated by soft lithography.These novel structures have been developed to mimic the conditions of various tissues and organs;however,microfluidic models for oral and dental tissues have not yet been widely used.The application of TOOCs for oral tissues/organs can provide the opportunity to study cell interactions with biomaterials used in dentistry.Furthermore,TOOCs can provide the opportunity to study the cellular interactions and developmental stages of oral tissues/organs more accurately.This review of the current advances in the field of TOOC development for oral tissues provides a comprehensive understanding of this burgeoning concept,shows the progress and applications of these novel models in the imitation of oral tissues/organs thus far,and reveals the limitations that TOOCs confront.Moreover,it suggests further perspectives for future applications.
文摘Objective:Given the importance of having knowledge on the hemovigilance process in nursing care,the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the hemovigilance education on nursing students’knowledge using a conceptual map.The current research was a semi-experimental study.Methods:The samples consisted of 60 nursing students who were selected based on the inclusion criteria using the census sampling method.Thereafter,these participants were randomly assigned into the two groups:experimental and control groups.The required data were collected before,immediately after,and 1 month after the education using the hemovigilance knowledge questionnaire.Accordingly,the validity of this questionnaire was confirmed,and its reliability using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was reported as 0.83.The education process was conducted during a 4-week period.Thereafter,the collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS v25.Results:The results reveal that a significant difference existed between the knowledge scores of students in the experimental group compared with that of the control group during different times(including before,immediately after,and 1 month after the education)(P<0.0001).Of note,hemovigilance education had a significant effect on the students’knowledge(P<0.0001).Conclusions:Due to the effect of the hemovigilance education on the students’knowledge and by applying the conceptual map in the easy transfer of the educational concepts,it is recommended that the results of the present study be used to strengthen the theoretical and clinical education of nursing students.
基金the financial support(Grant Number:CMRC9923)was provided by the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,Ahvaz,Iran。
文摘Epidemiological evidence presents that dust storms are related to respiratory diseases,such as pulmonary fibrosis(PF).However,the precise underlying mechanisms of SPM-elicited adverse effects still need to be investigated.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process is a characteristic of PF.We discussed whether suspended particulate matter(SPM)is involved in EMT induction via transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1).In this study,a detailed elemental analysis(55 elements),particle size,and morphology were determined.To investigate the toxicity of SPM,an MTT test was performed to detect cell viability.Next,A549cells were exposed to selected concentrations of SPM(20 and 40μg/mL)for single and repeated exposures.The DCFH-DA assay showed that exposure to SPM could produce reactive oxygen species(ROS).The ELISA assay demonstrated increased levels of interleukin-8(IL-8)and TGF-β1 in the supernatant.Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins associated with EMT and the SMAD3-dependent pathway.Results of western blot demonstrated that E-cadherin was reduced,whereas p-SMAD3,vimentin,andα-smooth muscle actin were elevated.Our findings indicated that SPM triggered EMT by induction of oxidative stress,inflammation,and the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway activation.
基金Supported by Stem Cell Research Center of Golestan University of Medical Sciences(No.110480).
文摘AIM:To investigate the impact of niosome nanoparticles carrying umbelliprenin(UMB),an anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory plant compound,on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF-A)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)genes in a human retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)-like retina-derived cell line.METHODS:UMB-containing niosomes were created,optimized,and characterized.RPE-like cells were treated with free UMB and UMB-containing niosomes.The IC_(50)values of the treatments were determined using an MTT assay.Gene expression of VEGF-A and CTGF was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis.Niosomes’characteristics,including drug entrapment efficiency,size,dispersion index,and zeta potential were assessed.Free UMB had an IC_(50)of 96.2μg/mL,while UMB-containing niosomes had an IC_(50)of 25μg/mL.RESULTS:Treatment with UMB-containing niosomes and free UMB resulted in a significant reduction in VEGF-A expression compared to control cells(P=0.001).Additionally,UMB-containing niosomes demonstrated a significant reduction in CTGF expression compared to control cells(P=0.05).However,there was no significant reduction in the expression of both genes in cells treated with free UMB.CONCLUSION:Both free UMB and niosome-encapsulated UMB inhibits VEGF-A and CTGF genes expression.However,the latter demonstrates significantly greater efficacy,potentially due to the lower UMB dosage and gradual delivery.These findings have implications for anti-angiogenesis therapeutic approaches targeting age-related macular degeneration.
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide(SO2)exposure and semen quality parameters.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating the association between SO2 exposure and semen quality parameters.This search encompassed the timeframe from January 2000 to May 2023 and included electronic databases such as Web of Science,Google Scholar,PubMed,Cochrane,and Scopus.Pooled effect estimates with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated using percent changes(PC).The meta-analysis included seven studies with 6711 participants and 15087 semen samples.Results:The results revealed a significant negative association between ambient SO2 exposure and certain semen quality parameters.In particular,SO2 exposure was associated with a significant decrease in progressive motility(PC=0.032;95%CI:-0.063 to-0.001;P=0.044)and sperm concentration(PC=-0.020;95%CI:-0.036 to-0.005;P=0.012).However,no statistically significant associations were observed for total sperm count(PC=-0.038;95%CI:-0.079 to 0.003;P=0.070),seminal fluid volume(PC=-0.009;95%CI:-0.048 to-0.030;P=0.662)and sperm motility(PC=-0.17;95%CI:-0.363 to 0.022;P=0.830).In addition,the results of the subgroup analysis revealed specific variables that were associated with the decrease in relevant sperm parameters.Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis provides compelling evidence supporting a consistent negative association between exposure to ambient SO2 and semen quality parameters.
基金This study received support for Open Access Publikationskosten from the DFG.
文摘Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecological cancers,primarily due to the lack of specific symptoms leading to an advanced-stage diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy.Drug resistance(DR)poses the most significant challenge in treating patients with existing drugs.The Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has recently approved three new therapeutic drugs,including two poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors(olaparib and niraparib)and one vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)inhibitor(bevacizumab)for maintenance therapy.However,resistance to these new drugs has emerged.Therefore,understanding the mechanisms of DR and exploring new approaches to overcome them is crucial for effective management.In this review,we summarize the major molecular mechanisms of DR and discuss novel strategies to combat DR.
