In this study,the advanced machine learning algorithm NESTORE(Next Strong Related Earthquake)was applied to the Japan Meteorological Agency catalog(1973-2024).It calculates the probability that the aftershocks will re...In this study,the advanced machine learning algorithm NESTORE(Next Strong Related Earthquake)was applied to the Japan Meteorological Agency catalog(1973-2024).It calculates the probability that the aftershocks will reach or exceed a magnitude equal to the magnitude of the mainshock minus one and classifies the clusters as type A or type B,depending on whether this condition is met or not.It has been shown useful in the tests in Italy,western Slovenia,Greece,and California.Due to Japan’s high and complex seismic activity,new algorithms were developed to complement NESTORE:a hybrid cluster identification method,which uses both ETAS-based stochastic declustering and deterministic graph-based selection,and REPENESE(RElevant features,class imbalance PErcentage,NEighbour detection,SElection),an algorithm for detecting outliers in skewed class distributions,which takes in account if one class has a larger number of samples with respect to the other(class imbalance).Trained with data from 1973 to 2004(7 type A and 43 type B clusters)and tested from 2005 to 2023(4 type A and 27 type B clusters),the method correctly forecasted 75%of A clusters and 96%of B clusters,achieving a precision of 0.75 and an accuracy of 0.94 six hours after the mainshock.It accurately classified the 2011 Tōhoku event cluster.Near-real-time forecasting was applied to the sequence after the April 17,2024 M6.6 earthquake in Shikoku,correctly classifying it as a“Type B cluster”.These results highlight the potential for the forecasting of strong aftershocks in regions with high seismicity and class imbalance,as evidenced by the high recall,precision and accuracy values achieved in the test phase.展开更多
Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are clinically distinct but impact cognitive and functional ability similarly. Comprehensive assessment of cognitive...Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are clinically distinct but impact cognitive and functional ability similarly. Comprehensive assessment of cognitive and functional deficits may prove useful in informing differential diagnosis in early stages of dementia and in informing endpoint selection in therapeutic AD trials. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize patterns of cognitive and functional impairment in aMCI and mild-to-moderate AD subjects compared to cognitively intact healthy elderly (HE). Methods: Thirty-one healthy elderly, 20 aMCI and 19 AD participants were administered a cognitive test battery that included the ADAS-Cog and functional assessments. Z-scores were calculated for all endpoints based on the HE reference group. Results: Cognitive deficits were observed in AD and aMCI participants relative to the referent group. On average, aMCI participants performed 1 - 2 standard deviations below HE on cognitive tests, and AD participants performed 2 - 3 standard deviations below HE. Domain-specific functional deficits among AD participants (z- score -0.4 to -6.4) were consistently greater than those of aMCI participants (z-score 0 to -1.7). Conclusion: This study provides further support for comprehensive assessment and monitoring of cognitive and functional domain scores in the diagnosis and treatment of aMCI and mild AD. Domain-specific cognitive scores may be more useful than composite scores in characterizing impairment and decline. Measuring domains such as attention, processing speed and executive function may increase the sensitivity of detecting disease progression and therapeutic effects, particularly in mild-moderate AD where memory decline may be too slow to detect drug effects during a typical clinical trial.展开更多
Few studies examine the benefits from geriatric telepsychiatry in rural retirement communities.Objectives:1.To demonstrate that using telepsychiatry(a)standard approaches to psychiatric evaluation would yield diagnose...Few studies examine the benefits from geriatric telepsychiatry in rural retirement communities.Objectives:1.To demonstrate that using telepsychiatry(a)standard approaches to psychiatric evaluation would yield diagnoses in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-V);(b)psychotherapies and pharmacotherapy could be effectively administered.2.To examine the relationships among cognition,mood,agitation and functions at baseline and the response to treatment over time.Design:Prospective longitudinal study.Measures:Geriatric Depression scale(GDS),Mini Mental State Exam(MMSE),Barthel Index(BI),Pittsburgh Agitation Scale(PAS).Setting:Video Teleconferencing.Interventions:Psychotherapy,psychopharmacology.Participants:428 Seniors over 55,met criteria for at least one DSM-V diagnosis.Results:Treatments were administered for a full range of psychiatric diagnoses and age-related medical conditions.The most frequently prescribed pharmacological agents were:antidepressants(78%)antipsychotics(64%),memory enhancers(38%).Participants(66%)received psychotherapy:individual(31%),couple(7%),family(13%).Variation in the MMSE scores were observed:55%remained stable,11%declined,18%improved.GDS Scores improved from baseline to 26 weeks(p=0.02,d=0.99:95%CI 0.39-1.56).PAS scores declined from baseline to 52 weeks(McNemar’s S=11.27,p=0.0008,d=1.17:95%CI 0.63-1.68).Function(BI)at week 26 was not statistically significantly different from baseline(t(26)=1.66,p=0.11,d=0.65:95%CI-0.16-1.42).Participants maintained independence(64.5%)at 52 weeks(McNemar’s S=6.23,p=0.013,d=0.79:95%CI 0.19-1.36)Conclusion:This study demonstrates the feasibility and benefit of providing a full complement of services via telepsychiatry to seniors and provides a rationale for more comprehensive reimbursement plans.展开更多
Objective Previous studies have shown that ex utero intrapartum therapy(EXIT)is safe and feasible for newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH).This study reports our experience with EXIT in fetuses with CDH ...Objective Previous studies have shown that ex utero intrapartum therapy(EXIT)is safe and feasible for newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH).This study reports our experience with EXIT in fetuses with CDH in an attempt to explore the efficacy of EXIT on the survival rate of this population.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 116 children with CDH was conducted.The children were assigned to EXIT and non-EXIT groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)toward clinical data was performed,and the clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared.Taking survival at discharge as the main outcome,logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore the efficacy of EXIT on survival.Results During the study period,30 of 116 children received EXIT.After PSM,the survival rates of the EXIT group and the non-EXIT group were 82.76%(24/29)and 48.28%(14/29),respectively(p=0.006).EXIT(OR=0.083,95%CI=0.013to 0.525,p=0.008),liver herniation(OR=16.955,95%CI=2.342 to 122.767,p=0.005),and gestational age at diagnosis(OR=0.662,95%CI=0.497 to 0.881,p=0.005)were independent mortality-related risk factors of all children with CDH.Ninety-nine of 116 children underwent surgery.After PSM,the postoperative survival rates of the EXIT group and non-EXIT group were 84.6%(22/26)and 76.9%(20/26),respectively(p=0.754).Liver herniation(OR=10.451,95%CI=1.641 to 66.544,p=0.013)and gestational age at diagnosis(OR=0.736,95%CI=0.577 to 0.938,p=0.013)were independent mortality-related risk factors of children after surgery.Conclusion EXIT can be performed safely for selected prenatally diagnosed CDH neonates with potentially better survival and does not cause more maternal complications compared with traditional cesarean section.展开更多
基金funded by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and Co-funded within the RETURN Extended Partnership and received funding from the European Union Next-GenerationEU(National Recovery and Resilience Plan-NRRP,Mission 4,Component 2,Investment 1.3-D.D.12432/8/2022,PE0000005)the grant“Progetto INGV Pianeta Dinamico:Near real-time results of Physical and Statistical Seismology for earthquakes observations,modelling and forecasting(NEMESIS)”-code CUP D53J19000170001-funded by Italian Ministry MIUR(“Fondo Finalizzato al rilancio degli investimenti delle amministrazioni centrali dello Stato e allo sviluppo del Paese”,legge 145/2018)supported by the Japan Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT)project for seismology Toward Research innovation with data of earthquakes(STAR-E),Grant Number JPJ010217.
文摘In this study,the advanced machine learning algorithm NESTORE(Next Strong Related Earthquake)was applied to the Japan Meteorological Agency catalog(1973-2024).It calculates the probability that the aftershocks will reach or exceed a magnitude equal to the magnitude of the mainshock minus one and classifies the clusters as type A or type B,depending on whether this condition is met or not.It has been shown useful in the tests in Italy,western Slovenia,Greece,and California.Due to Japan’s high and complex seismic activity,new algorithms were developed to complement NESTORE:a hybrid cluster identification method,which uses both ETAS-based stochastic declustering and deterministic graph-based selection,and REPENESE(RElevant features,class imbalance PErcentage,NEighbour detection,SElection),an algorithm for detecting outliers in skewed class distributions,which takes in account if one class has a larger number of samples with respect to the other(class imbalance).Trained with data from 1973 to 2004(7 type A and 43 type B clusters)and tested from 2005 to 2023(4 type A and 27 type B clusters),the method correctly forecasted 75%of A clusters and 96%of B clusters,achieving a precision of 0.75 and an accuracy of 0.94 six hours after the mainshock.It accurately classified the 2011 Tōhoku event cluster.Near-real-time forecasting was applied to the sequence after the April 17,2024 M6.6 earthquake in Shikoku,correctly classifying it as a“Type B cluster”.These results highlight the potential for the forecasting of strong aftershocks in regions with high seismicity and class imbalance,as evidenced by the high recall,precision and accuracy values achieved in the test phase.
文摘Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are clinically distinct but impact cognitive and functional ability similarly. Comprehensive assessment of cognitive and functional deficits may prove useful in informing differential diagnosis in early stages of dementia and in informing endpoint selection in therapeutic AD trials. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize patterns of cognitive and functional impairment in aMCI and mild-to-moderate AD subjects compared to cognitively intact healthy elderly (HE). Methods: Thirty-one healthy elderly, 20 aMCI and 19 AD participants were administered a cognitive test battery that included the ADAS-Cog and functional assessments. Z-scores were calculated for all endpoints based on the HE reference group. Results: Cognitive deficits were observed in AD and aMCI participants relative to the referent group. On average, aMCI participants performed 1 - 2 standard deviations below HE on cognitive tests, and AD participants performed 2 - 3 standard deviations below HE. Domain-specific functional deficits among AD participants (z- score -0.4 to -6.4) were consistently greater than those of aMCI participants (z-score 0 to -1.7). Conclusion: This study provides further support for comprehensive assessment and monitoring of cognitive and functional domain scores in the diagnosis and treatment of aMCI and mild AD. Domain-specific cognitive scores may be more useful than composite scores in characterizing impairment and decline. Measuring domains such as attention, processing speed and executive function may increase the sensitivity of detecting disease progression and therapeutic effects, particularly in mild-moderate AD where memory decline may be too slow to detect drug effects during a typical clinical trial.
文摘Few studies examine the benefits from geriatric telepsychiatry in rural retirement communities.Objectives:1.To demonstrate that using telepsychiatry(a)standard approaches to psychiatric evaluation would yield diagnoses in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-V);(b)psychotherapies and pharmacotherapy could be effectively administered.2.To examine the relationships among cognition,mood,agitation and functions at baseline and the response to treatment over time.Design:Prospective longitudinal study.Measures:Geriatric Depression scale(GDS),Mini Mental State Exam(MMSE),Barthel Index(BI),Pittsburgh Agitation Scale(PAS).Setting:Video Teleconferencing.Interventions:Psychotherapy,psychopharmacology.Participants:428 Seniors over 55,met criteria for at least one DSM-V diagnosis.Results:Treatments were administered for a full range of psychiatric diagnoses and age-related medical conditions.The most frequently prescribed pharmacological agents were:antidepressants(78%)antipsychotics(64%),memory enhancers(38%).Participants(66%)received psychotherapy:individual(31%),couple(7%),family(13%).Variation in the MMSE scores were observed:55%remained stable,11%declined,18%improved.GDS Scores improved from baseline to 26 weeks(p=0.02,d=0.99:95%CI 0.39-1.56).PAS scores declined from baseline to 52 weeks(McNemar’s S=11.27,p=0.0008,d=1.17:95%CI 0.63-1.68).Function(BI)at week 26 was not statistically significantly different from baseline(t(26)=1.66,p=0.11,d=0.65:95%CI-0.16-1.42).Participants maintained independence(64.5%)at 52 weeks(McNemar’s S=6.23,p=0.013,d=0.79:95%CI 0.19-1.36)Conclusion:This study demonstrates the feasibility and benefit of providing a full complement of services via telepsychiatry to seniors and provides a rationale for more comprehensive reimbursement plans.
基金supported by the Pediatric Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(XTZD20180305)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1002503)Beijing Health Technologies Promotion Program(BHTPP202005).
文摘Objective Previous studies have shown that ex utero intrapartum therapy(EXIT)is safe and feasible for newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH).This study reports our experience with EXIT in fetuses with CDH in an attempt to explore the efficacy of EXIT on the survival rate of this population.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 116 children with CDH was conducted.The children were assigned to EXIT and non-EXIT groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)toward clinical data was performed,and the clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared.Taking survival at discharge as the main outcome,logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore the efficacy of EXIT on survival.Results During the study period,30 of 116 children received EXIT.After PSM,the survival rates of the EXIT group and the non-EXIT group were 82.76%(24/29)and 48.28%(14/29),respectively(p=0.006).EXIT(OR=0.083,95%CI=0.013to 0.525,p=0.008),liver herniation(OR=16.955,95%CI=2.342 to 122.767,p=0.005),and gestational age at diagnosis(OR=0.662,95%CI=0.497 to 0.881,p=0.005)were independent mortality-related risk factors of all children with CDH.Ninety-nine of 116 children underwent surgery.After PSM,the postoperative survival rates of the EXIT group and non-EXIT group were 84.6%(22/26)and 76.9%(20/26),respectively(p=0.754).Liver herniation(OR=10.451,95%CI=1.641 to 66.544,p=0.013)and gestational age at diagnosis(OR=0.736,95%CI=0.577 to 0.938,p=0.013)were independent mortality-related risk factors of children after surgery.Conclusion EXIT can be performed safely for selected prenatally diagnosed CDH neonates with potentially better survival and does not cause more maternal complications compared with traditional cesarean section.
