Degradation of 2, 4, 6 trichlorophenol(TCP) with co immobilizing anaerobic granular sludge and isolated aerobic bacterial species was studied in coupled anaerobic/aerobic integrated reactors. The synergism of aerobe...Degradation of 2, 4, 6 trichlorophenol(TCP) with co immobilizing anaerobic granular sludge and isolated aerobic bacterial species was studied in coupled anaerobic/aerobic integrated reactors. The synergism of aerobes and anaerobes within co immobilized granule might facilitate degrading the TCP and exchange of anaerobic metabolites 4 CP, which promoted system organic removal efficiency and recovered from organic shock loads more quickly. The biomass specific activities experiment further confirmed that strict anaerobes be not affected over the course of this experiment by the presence of an oxic environment, aerobic activity predominated in the outer co immobilized granule layers, while the interior was characterized by anaerobic activity. The co immobilized granule could thus enable both aerobic and anaerobic microbes function in the same reactor and thereby integrate the oxidative and reductive catabolism.展开更多
The measurement of lignin content in black liquid of straw AS-AQ by ultraviolet spectrophotometer(UV) is discussed in this paper. Different dilution multiple and contrast solutions have an effect on the measured resul...The measurement of lignin content in black liquid of straw AS-AQ by ultraviolet spectrophotometer(UV) is discussed in this paper. Different dilution multiple and contrast solutions have an effect on the measured results of the lignin content by UV. The calculation method for the absorption coefficient and the scanning spectrum property of liquor acidified by SO2 are introduced in this paper.展开更多
A series of Reed Pulps were prepared in which the level of Non-Process Elements(NPEs), including calcium, manganese,copper,iron were seclectively enriched and depleted, these pulps were then oxygen delignification,and...A series of Reed Pulps were prepared in which the level of Non-Process Elements(NPEs), including calcium, manganese,copper,iron were seclectively enriched and depleted, these pulps were then oxygen delignification,and the pulps were characterized according to kappa number,viscosity,brightness. The results indicated that the enrichment of NPEs have an important effulence on delignification,pulp viscosity and brightness, iron is the most harmful during oxygen delignification but manganese is just like a kind of aid and can enhance brightness and delignification.展开更多
Dioxins are believed the most poisonous compounds in the world. Dioxin pollution is a strategic problem in papermaking industry which must be solved. Dioxin not only exists in pulp, paper products, but also in the vol...Dioxins are believed the most poisonous compounds in the world. Dioxin pollution is a strategic problem in papermaking industry which must be solved. Dioxin not only exists in pulp, paper products, but also in the volatile of woods, hips or other non-wood fiber material which are treated with PCP, even in the exhaust gas of chemical recovery system. So there are great needs to know what is dioxin, the channel and mechanism of the formation of it in paper making industry. With these understanding, herein those are discussed as follows, the harness measure of dioxin: dioxin in wastewater, in exhaust gas, from raw material. And some countermeasure to decrease the content of dioxin. Furthermore, several novel treatment technologies of dioxin in China and abroad were introduced. The fundamental measure to eliminate the pollution of dioxin is presented with the aim to control the origin, decrease the use of bleacher containing chlorine or without the use of chlorine. Elemental Chlorine Free and Total Chlorine Free bleaching are advocated.展开更多
A study on alkaline sulfite anthraquinone pulping of wheat straw indicated that the addition of formaldehyde could improve fine pulp yield effectively, enhance brightness of unbleached pulp, and decrease kappa number....A study on alkaline sulfite anthraquinone pulping of wheat straw indicated that the addition of formaldehyde could improve fine pulp yield effectively, enhance brightness of unbleached pulp, and decrease kappa number. Finally, the optimum conditions of this process were formed.展开更多
Thick black liquor, thin black liquor and solid state sodium hydroxide are added to the liquor treated by sulfur dioxide, then the blended liquor is used to recycle cooking of straw pulp. The black liquor, separated l...Thick black liquor, thin black liquor and solid state sodium hydroxide are added to the liquor treated by sulfur dioxide, then the blended liquor is used to recycle cooking of straw pulp. The black liquor, separated liquor and pulp of every cycles are analyzed respectively. Result shows that the content of lignin and organism in recycle black liquor and separated liquor increases faster in the first three cycles and then continues to increase slowly till four or five times, after that it trends to a stable state. The main organism separated from waste liquor of AS-AQ treated by sulfur dioxide is alkali-lignin, above 50% of total lignin in black liquor. The yield of pulp made from recycle cooking is steady, the hardness of pulp has a great improvement with recycle cooking. The brightness of pulp reduces correspondingly before bleaching, and after bleaching the brightness of pulp is relatively high and steady at the same sodium hypo chlorite dosage.展开更多
In this paper, modal colloidal substances (MCS) were employed to study the effects of in-process colloid on the properties of newsprint. The adsorption of MCS on fibers and optical and physical properties of newsprint...In this paper, modal colloidal substances (MCS) were employed to study the effects of in-process colloid on the properties of newsprint. The adsorption of MCS on fibers and optical and physical properties of newsprint were both investigated with and without retention systems including agglomerating agent and flocculent. Results showed that MCS could be absorbed on the fibers without retention system, and retention systems could promote the MCS retention efficiency while the physical properties of sheets was affected by blocking the formation of hydrogen bonding between fibers and the surface tension of water and density of paper展开更多
Various lignocellulosic materials such as wood, agricultural and forest residues has the potential to be valuable substitute for, or complement to, commercial sorbents for removing heavy metal ions or dyes from waste ...Various lignocellulosic materials such as wood, agricultural and forest residues has the potential to be valuable substitute for, or complement to, commercial sorbents for removing heavy metal ions or dyes from waste water or spilled oil from inland water or sea. More than 9 million tons of straw pulp are produced annually in china, which account for about 90% of the world’s total straw pulp. However, huge quantity of remain straw is not used as industrial raw material and is burnt in the fields or on the side of road. These resources can be chemical modified such as acetylation. Modified straws have the characteristics of low cost, high capacity, quick uptake, and easy to desorb. This paper reviews the current status of the technology for modified agricultural residues, which focus on hemicellulose and cellulose. The potential of these natural sorbents in main industry is also indicated.展开更多
Three kinds of cellulases with different components were applied to the deinking of mixed office waste paper, MOW. In the process of enzymatic deinking of MOW, not only improvement of toner particle removal was achiev...Three kinds of cellulases with different components were applied to the deinking of mixed office waste paper, MOW. In the process of enzymatic deinking of MOW, not only improvement of toner particle removal was achieved with the addition of enzymes but other properties of the deinked pulps were influenced. Drainage properties of the deinked pulp were improved after treated with enzymes. Higher enzyme dosage was needed compared with that only for deinking purpose if obvious drainage improvement of the deinked pulp were to be achieved. The enzymatic hydrolysis of fibers did not lead to distinct fiber length decrease, but declined the zero tensile strength of the pulp declined with addition of enzymes, which indicating the decrease of individual fiber strength. In addition, enzyme treatment resulted in the enhancement of specific surface area of fibers.展开更多
Static and dynamic models were studied for both softwood and hardwood viscosity loss during Kraft pulping process. G-factor and initial EA charge in the style of Hatton equation can predicate final pulp viscosity. Dyn...Static and dynamic models were studied for both softwood and hardwood viscosity loss during Kraft pulping process. G-factor and initial EA charge in the style of Hatton equation can predicate final pulp viscosity. Dynamic models generated by effective alkaline (EA) and temperature profile information can be used to predicate pulp viscosity at any time during pulping process. Viscosity online real-time prediction is made possible by this model through an online NIR sensor, which has been well calibrated to measure black liquor EA and temperature.展开更多
In this paper, a new type of retention system of PEO/cofactor retention system is introduced, the cofactors used are phenol-formaldehyde resin, wheat straw alkaline lignin and its derivatives such as hydroxymethylated...In this paper, a new type of retention system of PEO/cofactor retention system is introduced, the cofactors used are phenol-formaldehyde resin, wheat straw alkaline lignin and its derivatives such as hydroxymethylated lignin, sulfited lignin and lignin-based phenol-formaldehyde resin. The first pass retention of newsprint slurry and the properties of handsheet are improved by using the system. The results indicate that a new application field for lignin has been exploited.展开更多
Polyether polyurethane was synthesized from modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin, polyethylene glycol and two different diisocyanates (diphenylemethane-4, 4’-diisocyanate, tolulene diisocyanate) by solution ca...Polyether polyurethane was synthesized from modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin, polyethylene glycol and two different diisocyanates (diphenylemethane-4, 4’-diisocyanate, tolulene diisocyanate) by solution casting method, its properties were investigated. The results show that modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin can substitute part of polyethylene glycol to react with diisocyanate to synthesize polyurethane. The molar ratio of NCO to OH and modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin content affect the properties of lignin-based polyether polyurethane respectively. The addition of plasticizer in the polyurethane synthesis process improves the properties of synthesized polyurethane, especially the elasticity of polyurethane. The synthesized polyurethane from modified wheat straw oxygen-alkali lignin can be used as both engineering plastic and hard foam plastic in future.展开更多
文摘Degradation of 2, 4, 6 trichlorophenol(TCP) with co immobilizing anaerobic granular sludge and isolated aerobic bacterial species was studied in coupled anaerobic/aerobic integrated reactors. The synergism of aerobes and anaerobes within co immobilized granule might facilitate degrading the TCP and exchange of anaerobic metabolites 4 CP, which promoted system organic removal efficiency and recovered from organic shock loads more quickly. The biomass specific activities experiment further confirmed that strict anaerobes be not affected over the course of this experiment by the presence of an oxic environment, aerobic activity predominated in the outer co immobilized granule layers, while the interior was characterized by anaerobic activity. The co immobilized granule could thus enable both aerobic and anaerobic microbes function in the same reactor and thereby integrate the oxidative and reductive catabolism.
文摘The measurement of lignin content in black liquid of straw AS-AQ by ultraviolet spectrophotometer(UV) is discussed in this paper. Different dilution multiple and contrast solutions have an effect on the measured results of the lignin content by UV. The calculation method for the absorption coefficient and the scanning spectrum property of liquor acidified by SO2 are introduced in this paper.
文摘A series of Reed Pulps were prepared in which the level of Non-Process Elements(NPEs), including calcium, manganese,copper,iron were seclectively enriched and depleted, these pulps were then oxygen delignification,and the pulps were characterized according to kappa number,viscosity,brightness. The results indicated that the enrichment of NPEs have an important effulence on delignification,pulp viscosity and brightness, iron is the most harmful during oxygen delignification but manganese is just like a kind of aid and can enhance brightness and delignification.
文摘Dioxins are believed the most poisonous compounds in the world. Dioxin pollution is a strategic problem in papermaking industry which must be solved. Dioxin not only exists in pulp, paper products, but also in the volatile of woods, hips or other non-wood fiber material which are treated with PCP, even in the exhaust gas of chemical recovery system. So there are great needs to know what is dioxin, the channel and mechanism of the formation of it in paper making industry. With these understanding, herein those are discussed as follows, the harness measure of dioxin: dioxin in wastewater, in exhaust gas, from raw material. And some countermeasure to decrease the content of dioxin. Furthermore, several novel treatment technologies of dioxin in China and abroad were introduced. The fundamental measure to eliminate the pollution of dioxin is presented with the aim to control the origin, decrease the use of bleacher containing chlorine or without the use of chlorine. Elemental Chlorine Free and Total Chlorine Free bleaching are advocated.
文摘A study on alkaline sulfite anthraquinone pulping of wheat straw indicated that the addition of formaldehyde could improve fine pulp yield effectively, enhance brightness of unbleached pulp, and decrease kappa number. Finally, the optimum conditions of this process were formed.
文摘Thick black liquor, thin black liquor and solid state sodium hydroxide are added to the liquor treated by sulfur dioxide, then the blended liquor is used to recycle cooking of straw pulp. The black liquor, separated liquor and pulp of every cycles are analyzed respectively. Result shows that the content of lignin and organism in recycle black liquor and separated liquor increases faster in the first three cycles and then continues to increase slowly till four or five times, after that it trends to a stable state. The main organism separated from waste liquor of AS-AQ treated by sulfur dioxide is alkali-lignin, above 50% of total lignin in black liquor. The yield of pulp made from recycle cooking is steady, the hardness of pulp has a great improvement with recycle cooking. The brightness of pulp reduces correspondingly before bleaching, and after bleaching the brightness of pulp is relatively high and steady at the same sodium hypo chlorite dosage.
文摘In this paper, modal colloidal substances (MCS) were employed to study the effects of in-process colloid on the properties of newsprint. The adsorption of MCS on fibers and optical and physical properties of newsprint were both investigated with and without retention systems including agglomerating agent and flocculent. Results showed that MCS could be absorbed on the fibers without retention system, and retention systems could promote the MCS retention efficiency while the physical properties of sheets was affected by blocking the formation of hydrogen bonding between fibers and the surface tension of water and density of paper
文摘Various lignocellulosic materials such as wood, agricultural and forest residues has the potential to be valuable substitute for, or complement to, commercial sorbents for removing heavy metal ions or dyes from waste water or spilled oil from inland water or sea. More than 9 million tons of straw pulp are produced annually in china, which account for about 90% of the world’s total straw pulp. However, huge quantity of remain straw is not used as industrial raw material and is burnt in the fields or on the side of road. These resources can be chemical modified such as acetylation. Modified straws have the characteristics of low cost, high capacity, quick uptake, and easy to desorb. This paper reviews the current status of the technology for modified agricultural residues, which focus on hemicellulose and cellulose. The potential of these natural sorbents in main industry is also indicated.
文摘Three kinds of cellulases with different components were applied to the deinking of mixed office waste paper, MOW. In the process of enzymatic deinking of MOW, not only improvement of toner particle removal was achieved with the addition of enzymes but other properties of the deinked pulps were influenced. Drainage properties of the deinked pulp were improved after treated with enzymes. Higher enzyme dosage was needed compared with that only for deinking purpose if obvious drainage improvement of the deinked pulp were to be achieved. The enzymatic hydrolysis of fibers did not lead to distinct fiber length decrease, but declined the zero tensile strength of the pulp declined with addition of enzymes, which indicating the decrease of individual fiber strength. In addition, enzyme treatment resulted in the enhancement of specific surface area of fibers.
文摘Static and dynamic models were studied for both softwood and hardwood viscosity loss during Kraft pulping process. G-factor and initial EA charge in the style of Hatton equation can predicate final pulp viscosity. Dynamic models generated by effective alkaline (EA) and temperature profile information can be used to predicate pulp viscosity at any time during pulping process. Viscosity online real-time prediction is made possible by this model through an online NIR sensor, which has been well calibrated to measure black liquor EA and temperature.
文摘In this paper, a new type of retention system of PEO/cofactor retention system is introduced, the cofactors used are phenol-formaldehyde resin, wheat straw alkaline lignin and its derivatives such as hydroxymethylated lignin, sulfited lignin and lignin-based phenol-formaldehyde resin. The first pass retention of newsprint slurry and the properties of handsheet are improved by using the system. The results indicate that a new application field for lignin has been exploited.
文摘Polyether polyurethane was synthesized from modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin, polyethylene glycol and two different diisocyanates (diphenylemethane-4, 4’-diisocyanate, tolulene diisocyanate) by solution casting method, its properties were investigated. The results show that modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin can substitute part of polyethylene glycol to react with diisocyanate to synthesize polyurethane. The molar ratio of NCO to OH and modified wheat straw oxygen-alkaline lignin content affect the properties of lignin-based polyether polyurethane respectively. The addition of plasticizer in the polyurethane synthesis process improves the properties of synthesized polyurethane, especially the elasticity of polyurethane. The synthesized polyurethane from modified wheat straw oxygen-alkali lignin can be used as both engineering plastic and hard foam plastic in future.
