Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived ...Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived 3He. Occurrence of mantle-derived 3He coincides with surface volcanism. However, 3He occurs over a larger geographic areathan do surface volcanics. δ13C values for CO2 and CH4 vary from -33.4‰ to 1.6 ‰ and from -52.8‰ to -2.8‰, respectively. He and C isotope systematics indicate that CO2 and CH4 in the CO2-rich gases originated predominantly from magmatic component mixed with crustal CO2 produced from carbonate. However, breakdown of organic matter and near-surface processes accounts for the CH4 and CO2 in N2-rich gases. 3He/4He ratio distribution pattern suggests that mantle-derived He and heat sources of high-temperature system in central Tengchong originate from a hidden magma reservoir at subsurface. CO2-rich gases with the highest 3He/4He ratio (5.2 Ra) may be representative of the Tengchong magmatic component. Compared with MORB, this relative low 3He/4He ratio could be fully attributed to either deep crustal contamination, or radioactive aging, or past contamination of the local mantle by U- and Th-rich subducted crustal material. However, a combination of low 3He/4He, high radiogenic 4He/40Ar ratio and identical CO2/3He and δ13Cco2 relative to MORB may suggest addition of prior subductedd crsustal material (ca 1 %-2%) to the MORB reservoir around 1.3 Ga ago, which is essentially compatible with the LIL-elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of volcanic rocks.展开更多
In a series of laboratory incubations using soils of two contrasting sitesfrom a temperate marsh on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, potential methane (CH_4) oxidation rates weremeasured to study the effects of inorganic N ...In a series of laboratory incubations using soils of two contrasting sitesfrom a temperate marsh on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, potential methane (CH_4) oxidation rates weremeasured to study the effects of inorganic N inputs on CH_4 oxidation. For adrained site, subsurfacepeat (5--15 cm) at an initial 20 mu L CH_4 L^(-1) showed a significantly different (P < 0.05) CH_4oxidation rate compared to other soil depths, with a maximal rate of 20.9 ng CH_4 gDW (dryweight)^(-1) h^(-1); the underlying mineral soil layers (15--30 and 30--50 cm) also had a strongCH_4 oxidation capacity at about an initial 2 000 mu L CH_4 L^(-1). With a waterlogged site, theCH_4 oxidation rate in an aerobic incubation was significantly greater (P < 0 05) in the surfacesoil layer (0--5 cm) compared to the 15--30 and 30--50 cm depths. There was generally no or a veryweak effect from addition of NO_3^- on CH_4 oxidation. In marked contrast, NH_4^+ salts, such as(NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, exhibited strong inhibitions, which varied as a function of theadded salts and the initial CH_4 level Increasing NH_4^+ usually resulted in greater inhibition andincreasing initial CH_4 concentrations resulted in less NH_4^+ inhibition on CH4 oxidation innatural high-altitude, low-latitude wetlands could be as important as has been reported foragricultural and forest soils. The NH_4^+ effects on the CH_4 oxidation rate need to be furtherinvestigated in a wide range of natural wetland soil types.展开更多
The Qingxi Depression, over an area of merely 490 km2, is a petroliferous depositional center within the Jiuxi Basin. Lower Cretaceous source rocks in this depression are a suite of mudstones, dolomitic mudstones and ...The Qingxi Depression, over an area of merely 490 km2, is a petroliferous depositional center within the Jiuxi Basin. Lower Cretaceous source rocks in this depression are a suite of mudstones, dolomitic mudstones and argillaceous dolostones formed in a deep lacustrine environment. Although their distribution area is small, their thickness is sizable. High abundance and favorable types of organic matter provide an important material basis for petroleum generation. The majority of the source rocks in the Qingxi Depression are of maturation conditions for generating significant volumes of petroleum, and with only one peak generation period that commenced in the Neogene. The Himalayan movement results in a northerly overthrusting of the Qilian Mountains nappe to form a series of compressional faults, shear faults and rock fractures, all of which serve as main conduits for petroleum migration from west to east, and, in addition, as the reservoir space of the Qingxi Oilfield. Based on these factors, it is suggested that the future exploration be on the Qingxi low bulge and favorable fracturing zone within this depression.展开更多
Using an experimental transparent sapphire high-pressure cell, three-phase (methane hydrate + AlCl3 solution + methane) equilibrium conditions of methane hy-drates in the aqueous solution containing AlCl3 have been in...Using an experimental transparent sapphire high-pressure cell, three-phase (methane hydrate + AlCl3 solution + methane) equilibrium conditions of methane hy-drates in the aqueous solution containing AlCl3 have been investigated under conditions of temperature from 272.15 to 278.15 K and pressure from 4.040 to 8.382 MPa. It could be clearly verified that AlCl3 is of stronger inhibitive effect than that observed for other electrolytes, such as KCl, CaCl2, at the same mole fraction. The induction time of the methane hydrate formation becomes longer when the water activity decreases with the increase of ion charge numbers. Methane hydrates tend to crystallize more easily with higher concen-tration (AlCl3 concentration of 18%) than lower one (AlCl3 concentration of 10%) in the same electriclyte solution. An empirical exponential equation is presented to calculate the equilibrium temperature and pressure of methane hydrate stable occurrence, and to correlate the measured data for aqueous AlCl3 solution. The results show that there was infi-nitely small discrepancy between the theoretical computed values and the data oberserved in actual experiments.展开更多
文摘Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived 3He. Occurrence of mantle-derived 3He coincides with surface volcanism. However, 3He occurs over a larger geographic areathan do surface volcanics. δ13C values for CO2 and CH4 vary from -33.4‰ to 1.6 ‰ and from -52.8‰ to -2.8‰, respectively. He and C isotope systematics indicate that CO2 and CH4 in the CO2-rich gases originated predominantly from magmatic component mixed with crustal CO2 produced from carbonate. However, breakdown of organic matter and near-surface processes accounts for the CH4 and CO2 in N2-rich gases. 3He/4He ratio distribution pattern suggests that mantle-derived He and heat sources of high-temperature system in central Tengchong originate from a hidden magma reservoir at subsurface. CO2-rich gases with the highest 3He/4He ratio (5.2 Ra) may be representative of the Tengchong magmatic component. Compared with MORB, this relative low 3He/4He ratio could be fully attributed to either deep crustal contamination, or radioactive aging, or past contamination of the local mantle by U- and Th-rich subducted crustal material. However, a combination of low 3He/4He, high radiogenic 4He/40Ar ratio and identical CO2/3He and δ13Cco2 relative to MORB may suggest addition of prior subductedd crsustal material (ca 1 %-2%) to the MORB reservoir around 1.3 Ga ago, which is essentially compatible with the LIL-elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of volcanic rocks.
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project in Resource and Environment Fields, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-128), the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry (SJJ-01-07), and the National Key Basic Research
文摘In a series of laboratory incubations using soils of two contrasting sitesfrom a temperate marsh on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, potential methane (CH_4) oxidation rates weremeasured to study the effects of inorganic N inputs on CH_4 oxidation. For adrained site, subsurfacepeat (5--15 cm) at an initial 20 mu L CH_4 L^(-1) showed a significantly different (P < 0.05) CH_4oxidation rate compared to other soil depths, with a maximal rate of 20.9 ng CH_4 gDW (dryweight)^(-1) h^(-1); the underlying mineral soil layers (15--30 and 30--50 cm) also had a strongCH_4 oxidation capacity at about an initial 2 000 mu L CH_4 L^(-1). With a waterlogged site, theCH_4 oxidation rate in an aerobic incubation was significantly greater (P < 0 05) in the surfacesoil layer (0--5 cm) compared to the 15--30 and 30--50 cm depths. There was generally no or a veryweak effect from addition of NO_3^- on CH_4 oxidation. In marked contrast, NH_4^+ salts, such as(NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, exhibited strong inhibitions, which varied as a function of theadded salts and the initial CH_4 level Increasing NH_4^+ usually resulted in greater inhibition andincreasing initial CH_4 concentrations resulted in less NH_4^+ inhibition on CH4 oxidation innatural high-altitude, low-latitude wetlands could be as important as has been reported foragricultural and forest soils. The NH_4^+ effects on the CH_4 oxidation rate need to be furtherinvestigated in a wide range of natural wetland soil types.
文摘The Qingxi Depression, over an area of merely 490 km2, is a petroliferous depositional center within the Jiuxi Basin. Lower Cretaceous source rocks in this depression are a suite of mudstones, dolomitic mudstones and argillaceous dolostones formed in a deep lacustrine environment. Although their distribution area is small, their thickness is sizable. High abundance and favorable types of organic matter provide an important material basis for petroleum generation. The majority of the source rocks in the Qingxi Depression are of maturation conditions for generating significant volumes of petroleum, and with only one peak generation period that commenced in the Neogene. The Himalayan movement results in a northerly overthrusting of the Qilian Mountains nappe to form a series of compressional faults, shear faults and rock fractures, all of which serve as main conduits for petroleum migration from west to east, and, in addition, as the reservoir space of the Qingxi Oilfield. Based on these factors, it is suggested that the future exploration be on the Qingxi low bulge and favorable fracturing zone within this depression.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China (Grant Nos. 49973024 and 40272066) and the Fundation of State Key Laboratory of Gas and Geochemistry (Grant No. SJJ-01-02).
文摘Using an experimental transparent sapphire high-pressure cell, three-phase (methane hydrate + AlCl3 solution + methane) equilibrium conditions of methane hy-drates in the aqueous solution containing AlCl3 have been investigated under conditions of temperature from 272.15 to 278.15 K and pressure from 4.040 to 8.382 MPa. It could be clearly verified that AlCl3 is of stronger inhibitive effect than that observed for other electrolytes, such as KCl, CaCl2, at the same mole fraction. The induction time of the methane hydrate formation becomes longer when the water activity decreases with the increase of ion charge numbers. Methane hydrates tend to crystallize more easily with higher concen-tration (AlCl3 concentration of 18%) than lower one (AlCl3 concentration of 10%) in the same electriclyte solution. An empirical exponential equation is presented to calculate the equilibrium temperature and pressure of methane hydrate stable occurrence, and to correlate the measured data for aqueous AlCl3 solution. The results show that there was infi-nitely small discrepancy between the theoretical computed values and the data oberserved in actual experiments.
