In this paper, the k-ε two-equation turbulence model was used to simulatethe three-dimensional turbulent flow of the stepped spillway at the Yubeishan reservoir. In order tosolve the curved free water surface and to ...In this paper, the k-ε two-equation turbulence model was used to simulatethe three-dimensional turbulent flow of the stepped spillway at the Yubeishan reservoir. In order tosolve the curved free water surface and to handle the complex boundary conditions, the fractionalVolume Of Fluid (VOF) model that is applicable to the solution of the stratified two-phase flow wasintorduced to the k-ε turbulence model and the unstructured grid was used for the discretization ofthe irregular simulation domain. By these methods, the turbulent flow field of the stepped spillwaywas simulated successfully. The location of the free surface along the spillway, the magnitude anddistribution of the velocity, the pressure distribution on the step surface, the turbulence kineticenergy and turbulence dissipation rate were obtained by simulation. The changes and distributions ofthese characteristics along the width of the spillway were also obtained. The energy dissipationratio of the stepped spillway was calculated according to the upstream and downstream water depthand velocities.展开更多
In order to search for the measure to increase the energy dissipation ratio of stepped spillways, some main influencing factors for the energy dissipation ratio of stepped spillways, such as unit discharge, dam slope,...In order to search for the measure to increase the energy dissipation ratio of stepped spillways, some main influencing factors for the energy dissipation ratio of stepped spillways, such as unit discharge, dam slope, height of step and so on, were studied. The results show that the energy dissipation ratio decreases with the increase in the unit discharge and increases as the slope becomes gentle. The effects of step height on the energy dissipation ratio are closely related to unit discharge. If the unit discharge is smaller, the change of energy dissipation ratio with step height becomes greater. While, if the unit discharge is greater, the influence of step height on energy dissipation ratio is very little. According to the distributions of the turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate obtained by numerical simulation, the basic reason of the decrease of energy dissipation ratio with the increase in the unit discharge was discussed and some specific measures to increase the energy dissipation ratio were suggested.展开更多
In this paper, Volume Of Fluid (VOF) technique is used to simulate the free surface and the flow field affected by the groynes in the experimental flume and the natural river. A series of flume experiments are carried...In this paper, Volume Of Fluid (VOF) technique is used to simulate the free surface and the flow field affected by the groynes in the experimental flume and the natural river. A series of flume experiments are carried out. According to the orientation of groynes, angles from the flow direction to the axis of the groyne used in the experiments are assorted into obtuse angle, right angle, and acute angle as well. For each arrangement option, flow conditions are classified as the submerged and the non-submerged one. Velocities and the water level affected by single groyne or double-groyne are measured. The calculated results are agreement well with the experimental data. Because of the high demands in the mesh quality and the computer capability, the VOF technique is seldom used to simulate the natural river. In this paper, the VOF technique is also used to simulate the Panjiatai Shoal of 2km long, one of the important improvement reaches in the Yellow River. Two improvement schemes are compared and analyzed, and the better one is recommended.展开更多
A new-style flood discharging dam, which consolidates the flaring gate pier and the stepped spillway for discharging the flood through the dam surface, had been applied in China. The theoretical study on it is in a be...A new-style flood discharging dam, which consolidates the flaring gate pier and the stepped spillway for discharging the flood through the dam surface, had been applied in China. The theoretical study on it is in a beginning stage at present. The three-dimensional numerical simulation has not been reported. In this paper, the 3D numerical calculation on the two-phase flow of water and air with discharge per unit width 195m~ 3 /s· m is presented . The results indicate that there is negative pressure on the juncture of the spillway surface and the first step. There forms obvious longitudinal and transverse eddies on the steps and the velocity decreases obviously compared with the smooth spillway. The figures of the velocity distributions and the water-air two-phase flows are plotted. The results calculated on the pressure are in agreement with the experimental data. Based on the position of the negative pressure obtained from calculation, measurement points of pressure are arranged in physical model. The experimental results validate the existence of the negative pressure. Being an applied and trial study, the results obtained are of theoretical and practical significance.展开更多
This paper presents entrainment mechanism, and transported and diffusioncharacteristics at the point of entry of submerged jet. The profiles of both velocity andconcentration within the air-water mixing layer were the...This paper presents entrainment mechanism, and transported and diffusioncharacteristics at the point of entry of submerged jet. The profiles of both velocity andconcentration within the air-water mixing layer were theoretically deduced. And the comparisonsbetween theoretical values and measured data were made. Results show that the velocity profilewithin the air-water mixing layer exhibits a form of error function. The concentrations of airentrainment in the internal and external regions of air-water mixing layer correspond to Gaussiandistribution.展开更多
A 3-D temperature model for diversion tunnel was developed by combining k-εmodel and energy transport e-quation. The actual geometry data of the tunnel was used to construct athree-dimensional computational domain in...A 3-D temperature model for diversion tunnel was developed by combining k-εmodel and energy transport e-quation. The actual geometry data of the tunnel was used to construct athree-dimensional computational domain including the concrete lining. As the interaction betweentemperature and velocity fields can be taken into account, the model can be employed to accuratelysimulate the temperature and velocity field. The model was validated with the field data observed inthe diversion tunnel of the Nanya River. The water temperature of the diversion tunnel of theSecond Jinping Cascade Hy-dropower Station to be built was predicted. It is shown that thetemperature increase is not observable due to the large diameter of the tunnel, the big flow rateand the short contact time, The result can provide scientific foundation or reference for the designof hydropower station, and protection strategy of aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystem.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the k-ε two-equation turbulence model was used to simulatethe three-dimensional turbulent flow of the stepped spillway at the Yubeishan reservoir. In order tosolve the curved free water surface and to handle the complex boundary conditions, the fractionalVolume Of Fluid (VOF) model that is applicable to the solution of the stratified two-phase flow wasintorduced to the k-ε turbulence model and the unstructured grid was used for the discretization ofthe irregular simulation domain. By these methods, the turbulent flow field of the stepped spillwaywas simulated successfully. The location of the free surface along the spillway, the magnitude anddistribution of the velocity, the pressure distribution on the step surface, the turbulence kineticenergy and turbulence dissipation rate were obtained by simulation. The changes and distributions ofthese characteristics along the width of the spillway were also obtained. The energy dissipationratio of the stepped spillway was calculated according to the upstream and downstream water depthand velocities.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 59879013).
文摘In order to search for the measure to increase the energy dissipation ratio of stepped spillways, some main influencing factors for the energy dissipation ratio of stepped spillways, such as unit discharge, dam slope, height of step and so on, were studied. The results show that the energy dissipation ratio decreases with the increase in the unit discharge and increases as the slope becomes gentle. The effects of step height on the energy dissipation ratio are closely related to unit discharge. If the unit discharge is smaller, the change of energy dissipation ratio with step height becomes greater. While, if the unit discharge is greater, the influence of step height on energy dissipation ratio is very little. According to the distributions of the turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate obtained by numerical simulation, the basic reason of the decrease of energy dissipation ratio with the increase in the unit discharge was discussed and some specific measures to increase the energy dissipation ratio were suggested.
基金the Ministry of Communication of China(Grant No: 2002 328 000 42)
文摘In this paper, Volume Of Fluid (VOF) technique is used to simulate the free surface and the flow field affected by the groynes in the experimental flume and the natural river. A series of flume experiments are carried out. According to the orientation of groynes, angles from the flow direction to the axis of the groyne used in the experiments are assorted into obtuse angle, right angle, and acute angle as well. For each arrangement option, flow conditions are classified as the submerged and the non-submerged one. Velocities and the water level affected by single groyne or double-groyne are measured. The calculated results are agreement well with the experimental data. Because of the high demands in the mesh quality and the computer capability, the VOF technique is seldom used to simulate the natural river. In this paper, the VOF technique is also used to simulate the Panjiatai Shoal of 2km long, one of the important improvement reaches in the Yellow River. Two improvement schemes are compared and analyzed, and the better one is recommended.
文摘A new-style flood discharging dam, which consolidates the flaring gate pier and the stepped spillway for discharging the flood through the dam surface, had been applied in China. The theoretical study on it is in a beginning stage at present. The three-dimensional numerical simulation has not been reported. In this paper, the 3D numerical calculation on the two-phase flow of water and air with discharge per unit width 195m~ 3 /s· m is presented . The results indicate that there is negative pressure on the juncture of the spillway surface and the first step. There forms obvious longitudinal and transverse eddies on the steps and the velocity decreases obviously compared with the smooth spillway. The figures of the velocity distributions and the water-air two-phase flows are plotted. The results calculated on the pressure are in agreement with the experimental data. Based on the position of the negative pressure obtained from calculation, measurement points of pressure are arranged in physical model. The experimental results validate the existence of the negative pressure. Being an applied and trial study, the results obtained are of theoretical and practical significance.
文摘This paper presents entrainment mechanism, and transported and diffusioncharacteristics at the point of entry of submerged jet. The profiles of both velocity andconcentration within the air-water mixing layer were theoretically deduced. And the comparisonsbetween theoretical values and measured data were made. Results show that the velocity profilewithin the air-water mixing layer exhibits a form of error function. The concentrations of airentrainment in the internal and external regions of air-water mixing layer correspond to Gaussiandistribution.
文摘A 3-D temperature model for diversion tunnel was developed by combining k-εmodel and energy transport e-quation. The actual geometry data of the tunnel was used to construct athree-dimensional computational domain including the concrete lining. As the interaction betweentemperature and velocity fields can be taken into account, the model can be employed to accuratelysimulate the temperature and velocity field. The model was validated with the field data observed inthe diversion tunnel of the Nanya River. The water temperature of the diversion tunnel of theSecond Jinping Cascade Hy-dropower Station to be built was predicted. It is shown that thetemperature increase is not observable due to the large diameter of the tunnel, the big flow rateand the short contact time, The result can provide scientific foundation or reference for the designof hydropower station, and protection strategy of aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystem.
