Integrating multiple modalities of cancer therapies for synergistic and enhanced therapeutic efficacy remains challenging.Herein,flash nanoprecipitation(FNP),a kinetically driven process,was employed to expedite the c...Integrating multiple modalities of cancer therapies for synergistic and enhanced therapeutic efficacy remains challenging.Herein,flash nanoprecipitation(FNP),a kinetically driven process,was employed to expedite the coordination reaction time required for nano-encapsulate components with completely opposite physiochemical properties including sorafenib(SRF),hemoglobin(Hb),chlorin e6(Ce6),and indocyanine green(ICG)into a multi-component HSCI nanomedicine.Hydrophilic components Hb and ICG interact to form hydrophobic ICG-Hb complexes under electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.This process facilitates the characteristic time of nucleation(τ_(nucleation))to match the characteristic mixing time(τ_(mix))of the FNP process,resulting in the formulation of kinetically stable nanomedicine,overcoming the long equilibrium times and instability issues associated with thermodynamic assembly.Importantly,pH-responsive structure is also easily but effectively integrated in nanomedicine during this kinetically driven formulation to manipulate its structures.In the acidic tumor microenvironment(TME),the pH-stimulated morphology transformation of HSCI nanomedicine boosts its reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation efficiency and photothermal efficacy,endowing it with better antitumor suppression.In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that the HSCI nanomedicine offers a synergistic therapeutic effect and stronger tumor suppression compared with single therapies.These results open a new window for developing strategies for multimodal combinatory cancer therapies.展开更多
Noble metal-based high-entropy alloy nanoparticles(NM-HEA NPs) have exhibited brilliant catalytic performance toward electrocatalytic energy conversion and attracted increasing attention. The near-equimolar mixed elem...Noble metal-based high-entropy alloy nanoparticles(NM-HEA NPs) have exhibited brilliant catalytic performance toward electrocatalytic energy conversion and attracted increasing attention. The near-equimolar mixed elements of NM-HEA NPs may result in the unique properties including cocktail effect, high entropy effect and lattice distortion effect, which are beneficial for improving the catalytic performance and reducing the amount of noble metal. Herein, several advanced NM-HEA NPs as electrocatalysts for energy conversion are systematically summarized. The preparation methods of NM-HEA NPs are evaluated as well as the catalytic properties and mechanism are discussed classified by electrocatalytic reactions. Finally,the challenges and prospects in this field are carefully discussed. This review provides an overview on recent advances of NM-HEA electrocatalysts for energy conversion and draws more attention in this infant research field.展开更多
Based on immune network regulatory mechanism, a new adaptive immune evolutionary algorithm (AIEA) is proposed to improve the performance of genetic algorithms (GA) in this paper. AIEA adopts novel selection operation ...Based on immune network regulatory mechanism, a new adaptive immune evolutionary algorithm (AIEA) is proposed to improve the performance of genetic algorithms (GA) in this paper. AIEA adopts novel selection operation according to the stimulation level of each antibody. A memory base for good antibodies is devised simultaneously to raise the convergent rapidity of the algorithm and adaptive adjusting strategy of antibody population is used for preventing the loss of the population adversity. The experiments show AIEA has better convergence performance than standard genetic algorithm and is capable of maintaining the adversity of the population and solving function optimization problems in an efficient and reliable way.展开更多
The structures of electrode meso-macropore and the solvent polarity are the crucial factors dominating the performance of the electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs),but their impacts are usually tangled and difficult...The structures of electrode meso-macropore and the solvent polarity are the crucial factors dominating the performance of the electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs),but their impacts are usually tangled and difficult to decouple and quantitate.Here the effects of electrode meso-macropore structure and solvent polarity on the specific capacitance of an EDLC are quantitatively investigated using a steady-state continuum model.The simulation results indicate the specific capacitances are significantly affected by the meso-macropore surface structure.The specific capacitances significantly decrease for both convex surface structures but obviously increase for both concave surface structures,with the increase of curvature radius from 1 to 20 nm.As for solvents,the polar solvent with high saturated dielectric permittivity improves the capacitance performance.Moreover,the electrode meso-macropore structure is of more concern compared with solvent polarity when aiming at enhancing the specific capacitance.These results provide fundamentals for the rational design of porous electrodes and polar electrolytes for EDLCs.展开更多
Bifunctional spherical polyelectrolyte brushes （SPBs） with tunable thermo-and pH-sensitivity are synthesized by combining therrno-controlled emulsion polymerization and photo-emulsion polymerization. They consist of...Bifunctional spherical polyelectrolyte brushes （SPBs） with tunable thermo-and pH-sensitivity are synthesized by combining therrno-controlled emulsion polymerization and photo-emulsion polymerization. They consist of a spherical polystyrene core and a shell of mixed brushes of poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） and poly（acrylic acid） （PAA） whose composition can be easily modulated by the dose of monomers. The kinetics of SPB synthesis as well as their size change with temperature and pH is determined by dynamic light scattering （DLS）. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images show that the bifunctional SPBs have a defined spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution.展开更多
An attempt was made to extend mild combustion to forward flow furnace, such as the refinery and petrochemical tube furnace. Three dimensional numerical simulation was carried out to study the performance of this furna...An attempt was made to extend mild combustion to forward flow furnace, such as the refinery and petrochemical tube furnace. Three dimensional numerical simulation was carried out to study the performance of this furnace. The Eddy Dissipation Concept(EDC) model coupled with the reaction mechanism DRM-19 was used. The prediction showed a good agreement with the measurement. The effect of air nozzle circle(D), air nozzle diameter(d), air nozzle number(N), and air preheating temperature(Tair) on the flow, temperature and species fields, and the CO and NO emissions was investigated. The results indicate that there are four zones in the furnace, viz.: a central jet zone, an ignition zone, a combustion reaction zone, and a flue gas zone, according to the distribution profiles of H_2 CO and OH. The central jet entrains more flue gas in the furnace upstream with an increasing D while the effect of D is negligible in the downstream. The air jet momentum increases with a decreasing d or an increasing Tair, and entrains more flue gas. The effect of N is mainly identified near the burner exit. More heat is absorbed in the radiant section and less heat is discharged to the atmosphere with a decreasing d and an increasing N as evidenced by the flue gas temperature. The CO and NO emissions are less than 50 μL/L and 10 μL/L, respectively, in most of conditions.展开更多
A mesh-type structured anodic alumina supported Cu/Ni bi-functional catalyst was developed for steam reforming of dimethyl ether (SRD). It was found that the Cu/Ni/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst had remarkable catalytic activit...A mesh-type structured anodic alumina supported Cu/Ni bi-functional catalyst was developed for steam reforming of dimethyl ether (SRD). It was found that the Cu/Ni/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst had remarkable catalytic activity and stability, but a high CO selectivity. Therefore, a multi-functional catalyst was proposed by metals (Fe, Zn, or La) addition to inhibit CO formation during the SRD process. The results show that promoter Fe can improve the Cu dispersion and decrease the reduction temperature of catalyst, and CO selectivity was minimized from 27% to around 3%. However, the addition of Zn and La only can decrease the CO selectivity to 12%. Furthermore, there was an excellent synergetic effect between Cu/Ni/γ-Al2O3 and Fe over the Cu/Ni/Fe/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst by evaluating catalytic performance of catalysts with different packing structures. And the synergetic mechanism of the active components (γ-Al2O3, Cu or Cu2O, and Fe3O4) for SRD and CO in suit removal was proposed. Finally, a 400-h durability test was carried out and the results show that the Cu/Ni/Fe/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst had an excellent stability with a 100% DME conversion and low CO selectivity.展开更多
Based on the immune mechanics and multi-agent technology, a multi-agent artificial immune network (Maopt-aiNet) algorithm is introduced. Maopt-aiNet makes use of the agent ability of sensing and acting to overcome pre...Based on the immune mechanics and multi-agent technology, a multi-agent artificial immune network (Maopt-aiNet) algorithm is introduced. Maopt-aiNet makes use of the agent ability of sensing and acting to overcome premature problem, and combines the global and local search in the searching process. The performance of the proposed method is examined with 6 benchmark problems and compared with other well-known intelligent algorithms. The experiments show that Maopt-aiNet outperforms the other algorithms in these benchmark functions. Furthermore, Maopt-aiNet is applied to determine the Murphree efficiency of distillation column and satisfactory results are obtained.展开更多
Impregnation rate of thermoplastic resin(polypropylene)in jute fiber mat and influence of relative factors on impregnation were studied,aiming to develop the continuous melt impregnation technique and to investigate t...Impregnation rate of thermoplastic resin(polypropylene)in jute fiber mat and influence of relative factors on impregnation were studied,aiming to develop the continuous melt impregnation technique and to investigate the effect of impregnation rate and temperature on processing conditions and mechanical properties of natural fiber mat-reinforced thermoplastics.Influence of pressure on porosity of fiber mat and effect of melt viscosity on impregnation rate were also investigated.The modified capillary rheometer was used as apparatus and experimental data were analyzed based on the one-dimension Darcy’s law.Results showed that at a given pressure,the impregnation rate is inversely proportional to melt viscosity and jute fiber mat has higher porosity than glass fiber mat.The architecture,compressibility,permeability and fiber diameter of jute fiber mat were compared with those of glass fiber mat and their effects on impregnation were discussed further.It could be seen that the average diameter of jute fiber is much bigger;the porosity of jute fiber mat is significantly higher and inner bundle impregnation does not exist in jute fiber mat.Therefore,it is not difficult to understand why the impregnation rate in jute fiber mat is 3.5 times higher and permeability is 14 times greater.Kozeny constants of jute and glass fiber mats calculated based on the capillary model are 2950 and 442,respectively.展开更多
Lithium metal anodes hold great potential for high-energy-density secondary batteries.However,the uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth causes poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns,hindering lithium meta...Lithium metal anodes hold great potential for high-energy-density secondary batteries.However,the uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth causes poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns,hindering lithium metal anode from practical application.Electrolyte components play important roles in suppressing lithium dendrite growth and improving the electrochemical performance of long-life lithium metal anode,and it is still challenging to effectively compromise the advantages of the conventional electrolyte(1 mol·L^(−1)salts)and high-concentration electrolyte(>3 mol·L^(−1)salts)for the optimizing electrochemical performance.Herein,we propose and design an interfacial high-concentration electrolyte induced by the nitrogen-and oxygen-doped carbon nanosheets(NO-CNS)for stable Li metal anodes.The NO-CNS with abundant surface negative charges not only creates an interfacial high-concentration of lithium ions near the electrode surface to promote chargetransfer kinetics but also enables a high ionic conductivity in the bulk electrolyte to improve ionic mass-transfer.Benefitting from the interfacial high-concentration electrolyte,the NO-CNS@Ni foam host presents outstanding electrochemical cycling performances over 600 cycles at 1 mA·cm^(−2) and an improved cycling lifespan of 1,500 h for symmetric cells.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378126)National Key Research and Development Program of the International scientific and technological innovation cooperation project among governments(2021YFE0100400)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(22501100500).
文摘Integrating multiple modalities of cancer therapies for synergistic and enhanced therapeutic efficacy remains challenging.Herein,flash nanoprecipitation(FNP),a kinetically driven process,was employed to expedite the coordination reaction time required for nano-encapsulate components with completely opposite physiochemical properties including sorafenib(SRF),hemoglobin(Hb),chlorin e6(Ce6),and indocyanine green(ICG)into a multi-component HSCI nanomedicine.Hydrophilic components Hb and ICG interact to form hydrophobic ICG-Hb complexes under electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.This process facilitates the characteristic time of nucleation(τ_(nucleation))to match the characteristic mixing time(τ_(mix))of the FNP process,resulting in the formulation of kinetically stable nanomedicine,overcoming the long equilibrium times and instability issues associated with thermodynamic assembly.Importantly,pH-responsive structure is also easily but effectively integrated in nanomedicine during this kinetically driven formulation to manipulate its structures.In the acidic tumor microenvironment(TME),the pH-stimulated morphology transformation of HSCI nanomedicine boosts its reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation efficiency and photothermal efficacy,endowing it with better antitumor suppression.In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that the HSCI nanomedicine offers a synergistic therapeutic effect and stronger tumor suppression compared with single therapies.These results open a new window for developing strategies for multimodal combinatory cancer therapies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21706074 and 21972038)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.2023000410209)+1 种基金the Key Research and Promotion Project of Henan Province(Nos.202102210261 and 202102310267)the Top-notch Personnel Fund of Henan Agricultural University(No.30500682)。
文摘Noble metal-based high-entropy alloy nanoparticles(NM-HEA NPs) have exhibited brilliant catalytic performance toward electrocatalytic energy conversion and attracted increasing attention. The near-equimolar mixed elements of NM-HEA NPs may result in the unique properties including cocktail effect, high entropy effect and lattice distortion effect, which are beneficial for improving the catalytic performance and reducing the amount of noble metal. Herein, several advanced NM-HEA NPs as electrocatalysts for energy conversion are systematically summarized. The preparation methods of NM-HEA NPs are evaluated as well as the catalytic properties and mechanism are discussed classified by electrocatalytic reactions. Finally,the challenges and prospects in this field are carefully discussed. This review provides an overview on recent advances of NM-HEA electrocatalysts for energy conversion and draws more attention in this infant research field.
基金Supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(60625302)National Key Fundamental Research Project of China(2002CB3122000)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(20060104Z1081)
基金National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars ( No60625302)Major state Basic Research Program ofChina (973Program) (No2002CB312200) +1 种基金the 863 Hi-Tech Research and Development Programof China (No20060104Z1081)Science and Research Program of Shanghai Educational Committee (No06DZ030)
文摘Based on immune network regulatory mechanism, a new adaptive immune evolutionary algorithm (AIEA) is proposed to improve the performance of genetic algorithms (GA) in this paper. AIEA adopts novel selection operation according to the stimulation level of each antibody. A memory base for good antibodies is devised simultaneously to raise the convergent rapidity of the algorithm and adaptive adjusting strategy of antibody population is used for preventing the loss of the population adversity. The experiments show AIEA has better convergence performance than standard genetic algorithm and is capable of maintaining the adversity of the population and solving function optimization problems in an efficient and reliable way.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB239702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676082,22008067)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681202,2021T140204)。
文摘The structures of electrode meso-macropore and the solvent polarity are the crucial factors dominating the performance of the electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs),but their impacts are usually tangled and difficult to decouple and quantitate.Here the effects of electrode meso-macropore structure and solvent polarity on the specific capacitance of an EDLC are quantitatively investigated using a steady-state continuum model.The simulation results indicate the specific capacitances are significantly affected by the meso-macropore surface structure.The specific capacitances significantly decrease for both convex surface structures but obviously increase for both concave surface structures,with the increase of curvature radius from 1 to 20 nm.As for solvents,the polar solvent with high saturated dielectric permittivity improves the capacitance performance.Moreover,the electrode meso-macropore structure is of more concern compared with solvent polarity when aiming at enhancing the specific capacitance.These results provide fundamentals for the rational design of porous electrodes and polar electrolytes for EDLCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(Nos.20644003,20774028)Shanghai Pujiang Talent Project(08PJ14036)the Fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities
文摘Bifunctional spherical polyelectrolyte brushes （SPBs） with tunable thermo-and pH-sensitivity are synthesized by combining therrno-controlled emulsion polymerization and photo-emulsion polymerization. They consist of a spherical polystyrene core and a shell of mixed brushes of poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） and poly（acrylic acid） （PAA） whose composition can be easily modulated by the dose of monomers. The kinetics of SPB synthesis as well as their size change with temperature and pH is determined by dynamic light scattering （DLS）. The scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images show that the bifunctional SPBs have a defined spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution.
基金supported by the technology development fund of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec 312016 and 314054)
文摘An attempt was made to extend mild combustion to forward flow furnace, such as the refinery and petrochemical tube furnace. Three dimensional numerical simulation was carried out to study the performance of this furnace. The Eddy Dissipation Concept(EDC) model coupled with the reaction mechanism DRM-19 was used. The prediction showed a good agreement with the measurement. The effect of air nozzle circle(D), air nozzle diameter(d), air nozzle number(N), and air preheating temperature(Tair) on the flow, temperature and species fields, and the CO and NO emissions was investigated. The results indicate that there are four zones in the furnace, viz.: a central jet zone, an ignition zone, a combustion reaction zone, and a flue gas zone, according to the distribution profiles of H_2 CO and OH. The central jet entrains more flue gas in the furnace upstream with an increasing D while the effect of D is negligible in the downstream. The air jet momentum increases with a decreasing d or an increasing Tair, and entrains more flue gas. The effect of N is mainly identified near the burner exit. More heat is absorbed in the radiant section and less heat is discharged to the atmosphere with a decreasing d and an increasing N as evidenced by the flue gas temperature. The CO and NO emissions are less than 50 μL/L and 10 μL/L, respectively, in most of conditions.
文摘A mesh-type structured anodic alumina supported Cu/Ni bi-functional catalyst was developed for steam reforming of dimethyl ether (SRD). It was found that the Cu/Ni/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst had remarkable catalytic activity and stability, but a high CO selectivity. Therefore, a multi-functional catalyst was proposed by metals (Fe, Zn, or La) addition to inhibit CO formation during the SRD process. The results show that promoter Fe can improve the Cu dispersion and decrease the reduction temperature of catalyst, and CO selectivity was minimized from 27% to around 3%. However, the addition of Zn and La only can decrease the CO selectivity to 12%. Furthermore, there was an excellent synergetic effect between Cu/Ni/γ-Al2O3 and Fe over the Cu/Ni/Fe/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst by evaluating catalytic performance of catalysts with different packing structures. And the synergetic mechanism of the active components (γ-Al2O3, Cu or Cu2O, and Fe3O4) for SRD and CO in suit removal was proposed. Finally, a 400-h durability test was carried out and the results show that the Cu/Ni/Fe/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst had an excellent stability with a 100% DME conversion and low CO selectivity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61271137)Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Zhejiang Province (2011C21077)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City (2011A610173)
文摘Based on the immune mechanics and multi-agent technology, a multi-agent artificial immune network (Maopt-aiNet) algorithm is introduced. Maopt-aiNet makes use of the agent ability of sensing and acting to overcome premature problem, and combines the global and local search in the searching process. The performance of the proposed method is examined with 6 benchmark problems and compared with other well-known intelligent algorithms. The experiments show that Maopt-aiNet outperforms the other algorithms in these benchmark functions. Furthermore, Maopt-aiNet is applied to determine the Murphree efficiency of distillation column and satisfactory results are obtained.
文摘Impregnation rate of thermoplastic resin(polypropylene)in jute fiber mat and influence of relative factors on impregnation were studied,aiming to develop the continuous melt impregnation technique and to investigate the effect of impregnation rate and temperature on processing conditions and mechanical properties of natural fiber mat-reinforced thermoplastics.Influence of pressure on porosity of fiber mat and effect of melt viscosity on impregnation rate were also investigated.The modified capillary rheometer was used as apparatus and experimental data were analyzed based on the one-dimension Darcy’s law.Results showed that at a given pressure,the impregnation rate is inversely proportional to melt viscosity and jute fiber mat has higher porosity than glass fiber mat.The architecture,compressibility,permeability and fiber diameter of jute fiber mat were compared with those of glass fiber mat and their effects on impregnation were discussed further.It could be seen that the average diameter of jute fiber is much bigger;the porosity of jute fiber mat is significantly higher and inner bundle impregnation does not exist in jute fiber mat.Therefore,it is not difficult to understand why the impregnation rate in jute fiber mat is 3.5 times higher and permeability is 14 times greater.Kozeny constants of jute and glass fiber mats calculated based on the capillary model are 2950 and 442,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0500600)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Lithium metal anodes hold great potential for high-energy-density secondary batteries.However,the uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth causes poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns,hindering lithium metal anode from practical application.Electrolyte components play important roles in suppressing lithium dendrite growth and improving the electrochemical performance of long-life lithium metal anode,and it is still challenging to effectively compromise the advantages of the conventional electrolyte(1 mol·L^(−1)salts)and high-concentration electrolyte(>3 mol·L^(−1)salts)for the optimizing electrochemical performance.Herein,we propose and design an interfacial high-concentration electrolyte induced by the nitrogen-and oxygen-doped carbon nanosheets(NO-CNS)for stable Li metal anodes.The NO-CNS with abundant surface negative charges not only creates an interfacial high-concentration of lithium ions near the electrode surface to promote chargetransfer kinetics but also enables a high ionic conductivity in the bulk electrolyte to improve ionic mass-transfer.Benefitting from the interfacial high-concentration electrolyte,the NO-CNS@Ni foam host presents outstanding electrochemical cycling performances over 600 cycles at 1 mA·cm^(−2) and an improved cycling lifespan of 1,500 h for symmetric cells.
