The Literary Lab at Stanford University is one of the birthplaces of digital humanities and has maintained significant influence in this field over the years.Professor Hui Haifeng has been engaged in research on digit...The Literary Lab at Stanford University is one of the birthplaces of digital humanities and has maintained significant influence in this field over the years.Professor Hui Haifeng has been engaged in research on digital humanities and computational criticism in recent years.During his visiting scholarship at Stanford University,he participated in the activities of the Literary Lab.Taking this opportunity,he interviewed Professor Mark Algee-Hewitt,the director of the Literary Lab,discussing important topics such as the current state and reception of DH(digital humanities)in the English Department,the operations of the Literary Lab,and the landscape of computational criticism.Mark Algee-Hewitt's research focuses on the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in England and Germany and seeks to combine literary criticism with digital and quantitative analyses of literary texts.In particular,he is interested in the history of aesthetic theory and the development and transmission of aesthetic and philosophical concepts during the Enlightenment and Romantic periods.He is also interested in the relationship between aesthetic theory and the poetry of the long eighteenth century.Although his primary background is English literature,he also has a degree in computer science.He believes that the influence of digital humanities within the humanities disciplines is growing increasingly significant.This impact is evident in both the attraction and assistance it offers to students,as well as in the new interpretations it brings to traditional literary studies.He argues that the key to effectively integrating digital humanities into the English Department is to focus on literary research questions,exploring how digital tools can raise new questions or provide new insights into traditional research.展开更多
Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological mechanism in retinal degeneration.PANoptosis is a newly defined integral form of regulated cell death that combines the key features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,...Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological mechanism in retinal degeneration.PANoptosis is a newly defined integral form of regulated cell death that combines the key features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis.Oligomerization of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 is an important pathological event in regulating cell death in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury.However,its role in PANoptosis remains largely unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with PANoptosis in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury.Inhibition of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction and PANoptosis in retinal cells subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury.Mechanistically,mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species played a central role in the voltagedependent anion channel 1-mediated regulation of PANoptosis by promoting PANoptosome assembly.Moreover,inhibiting voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization protected against PANoptosis in the retinas of rats subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury.Overall,our findings reveal the critical role of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization in regulating PANoptosis in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury,highlighting voltage-dependent anion channel 1 as a promising therapeutic target.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a significant global health crisis,frequently resulting in disability or death,with limited therapeutic interventions available.Although various intrinsic reparative processes are initiated within t...Ischemic stroke is a significant global health crisis,frequently resulting in disability or death,with limited therapeutic interventions available.Although various intrinsic reparative processes are initiated within the ischemic brain,these mechanisms are often insufficient to restore neuronal functionality.This has led to intensive investigation into the use of exogenous stem cells as a potential therapeutic option.This comprehensive review outlines the ontogeny and mechanisms of activation of endogenous neural stem cells within the adult brain following ischemic events,with focus on the impact of stem cell-based therapies on neural stem cells.Exogenous stem cells have been shown to enhance the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells via direct cell-tocell contact and through the secretion of growth factors and exosomes.Additionally,implanted stem cells may recruit host stem cells from their niches to the infarct area by establishing so-called“biobridges.”Furthermore,xenogeneic and allogeneic stem cells can modify the microenvironment of the infarcted brain tissue through immunomodulatory and angiogenic effects,thereby supporting endogenous neuroregeneration.Given the convergence of regulatory pathways between exogenous and endogenous stem cells and the necessity for a supportive microenvironment,we discuss three strategies to simultaneously enhance the therapeutic efficacy of both cell types.These approaches include:(1)co-administration of various growth factors and pharmacological agents alongside stem cell transplantation to reduce stem cell apoptosis;(2)synergistic administration of stem cells and their exosomes to amplify paracrine effects;and(3)integration of stem cells within hydrogels,which provide a protective scaffold for the implanted cells while facilitating the regeneration of neural tissue and the reconstitution of neural circuits.This comprehensive review highlights the interactions and shared regulatory mechanisms between endogenous neural stem cells and exogenously implanted stem cells and may offer new insights for improving the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies in the treatment of ischemic stroke.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth o...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth on LTE during COVID-19 and to identify disparities in outcomes disaggregated by sociodemographic factors.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients who initiated LTE at our center from 3/16/20-3/16/21(“COVID-19 era”)and the year prior(3/16/19-3/15/20,“pre-COVID-19 era”).We compared LTE duration times between eras and explored the effects of telehealth and inpatient evaluations on LTE duration,listing,and pretransplant mortality.RESULTS One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in the pre-COVID-19 era cohort and one hundred and ninety-nine in the COVID-19 era cohort.Twentynine percent(58/199)of COVID-19 era initial LTE were telehealth,compared to 0%(0/178)pre-COVID-19.There were more inpatient evaluations during COVID-19 era(40%vs 28%,P<0.01).Among outpatient encounters,telehealth use for initial LTE during COVID-19 era did not impact likelihood of listing,pretransplant mortality,or time to LTE and listing.Median times to LTE and listing during COVID-19 were shorter than pre-COVID-19,driven by increased inpatient evaluations.Sociodemographic factors were not predictive of telehealth.CONCLUSION COVID-19 demonstrates a shift to telehealth and inpatient LTE.Telehealth does not impact LTE or listing duration,likelihood of listing,or mortality,suggesting telehealth may facilitate LTE without negative outcomes.展开更多
Battery technology plays a crucial role across various sectors,powering devices from smartphones to electric vehicles and supporting grid-scale energy storage.To ensure their safety and efficiency,batteries must be ev...Battery technology plays a crucial role across various sectors,powering devices from smartphones to electric vehicles and supporting grid-scale energy storage.To ensure their safety and efficiency,batteries must be evaluated under diverse operating conditions.Traditional modeling techniques,which often rely on first principles and atomic-level calculations,struggle with practical applications due to incomplete or noisy data.Furthermore,the complexity of battery dynamics,shaped by physical,chemical,and electrochemical interactions,presents substantial challenges for precise and efficient modeling.The Transformer model,originally designed for natural language processing,has proven effective in time-series analysis and forecasting.It adeptly handles the extensive,complex datasets produced during battery cycles,efficiently filtering out noise and identifying critical features without extensive preprocessing.This capability positions Transformers as potent tools for tackling the intricacies of battery data.This review explores the application of customized Transformers in battery state estimation,emphasizing crucial aspects such as charging,health assessment,lifetime prediction,and safety monitoring.It highlights the distinct advantages of Transformer-based models and addresses ongoing challenges and future opportunities in the field.By combining data-driven AI techniques with empirical insights from battery analysis,these pre-trained models can deliver precise diagnostics and comprehensive monitoring,enhancing performance metrics like health monitoring,anomaly detection,and early-warning systems.This integrated approach promises significant improvements in battery technology management and application.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:135 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01634-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the corresponding author would like to update the emai...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:135 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01634-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the corresponding author would like to update the email address from xingcai@stanford.edu to drtea1@wteao.com.Also,the corresponding author’s affiliation can be expanded.展开更多
In the past decade,immunotherapies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4),programmed cell death 1(PD-1),and PD-1 ligand(PD-L1)have been approved for solid tumors.However,some patients demonstrate suboptima...In the past decade,immunotherapies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4),programmed cell death 1(PD-1),and PD-1 ligand(PD-L1)have been approved for solid tumors.However,some patients demonstrate suboptimal clinical outcomes due to resistance.The tumor microenvironment(TME)significantly affects the efficiency of immunotherapy by mediating interactions between tumor and non-tumor cells,including dendritic cells,T cells,B cells,macrophages,neutrophils,NK cells,and myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs).These non-tumor cells often exhibit two phenotypes with altered functions,and tumor cells drives their transition towards tumor promotion through tumor-education.Tumor-educated cells(TECs)are cells influenced by tumor cells,which acquire immune-suppressive phenotypes and promote tumor progression through resistance to anticancer therapies.These cells undergo modifications in response to signals from the tumor,which can influence their roles in tumor progression.Their dynamic interactions with tumor cells contribute to the reshaping of the TME,facilitating cancer growth and immune modulation.This review summarizes research on TECs in TME,explores mechanisms related to tumor education,and discusses their role in tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance.Additionally,potential therapeutic approaches targeting these cells are also reviewed,which may complement current treatment strategies.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is an extremely prevalent degenerative joint disease which commonly occurs in the knee.In severe cases of knee OA,total knee arthroplasty(TKA)is often indicated to relieve pain and restore limb align...Osteoarthritis(OA)is an extremely prevalent degenerative joint disease which commonly occurs in the knee.In severe cases of knee OA,total knee arthroplasty(TKA)is often indicated to relieve pain and restore limb alignment.While studies have shown how TKA improves knee symptoms,the relationship between the operated knee with the hip and ankle remains understudied.A prospective study by Buterin et al showed a significant relationship between reduced ankle symptoms and better TKA recovery.The objective of this paper is to explore ways to expand the completed study to make it more widely applicable.These include sampling patients from multiple surgical centers in different cultural backgrounds,including different etiologies of OA,extending the study time points,and evaluating the contralateral limb.Together,the study by Buterin et al combined with future work can elucidate new TKA rehabilitation techniques which focus on the entire lower extremity.展开更多
High-resolution spatiotemporal simulations effectively capture the complexities of atmospheric plume sion disper-in complex terrain.However,their high computational cost makes them impractical for applications requiri...High-resolution spatiotemporal simulations effectively capture the complexities of atmospheric plume sion disper-in complex terrain.However,their high computational cost makes them impractical for applications requiring rapid responses or iterative processes,such as optimization,uncertainty quantification,or inverse modeling.To address this challenge,this work introduces the Dual-Stage Temporal Three-dimensional UNet Super-resolution(DST3D-UNet-SR)model,a highly efficient deep learning model for plume dispersion predictions.DST3D-UNet-SR is composed of two sequential modules:the temporal module(TM),which predicts the transient evolution of a plume in complex terrain from low-resolution temporal data,and the spatial refinement module(SRM),which subsequently enhances the spatial resolution of the TM predictions.We train DST3D-UNet-SR using a comprehensive dataset derived from high-resolution large eddy simulations(LES)of plume transport.We propose the DST3D-UNet-SR model to significantly accelerate LES of three-dimensional(3D)plume dispersion by three orders of magnitude.Additionally,the model demonstrates the ability to dynamically adapt to evolving conditions through the incorporation of new observational data,substantially improving prediction accuracy in high-concentration regions near the source.展开更多
The evolving nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)aims to better encompass the metabolic context of the disease.This change has si...The evolving nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)aims to better encompass the metabolic context of the disease.This change has significant implications for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),given the frequent overlap between these conditions.This minireview explores the rationale behind the change,compares diagnostic criteria,and evaluates the impact of the MASLD framework on disease prevalence,characterization,and outcomes in T2DM patients.The updated MASLD criteria include all individuals with T2DM and hepatic steatosis,emphasizing metabolic dysfunction as the primary driver.In contrast,the NAFLD definition necessitates excluding other chronic liver diseases and verifying the absence of significant alcohol consumption,leading to a narrower diagnostic framework.Both metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and MASLD identify a higher prevalence of steatotic liver disease,particularly among T2DM patients,compared to NAFLD.Notably,the MASLD framework introduces metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease to account for dual etiologies involving alcohol use,which is common in T2DM populations but previously excluded under NAFLD criteria.While the new definitions enhance clinical relevance and inclusivity,they also highlight challenges such as unrecognized medication-induced steatosis and the need for reclassification in ongoing T2DM clinical trials.Emerging evidence supports enhanced screening strategies(e.g.,fibrosis-4)and metabolic-targeted treatments for MASLD in T2DM patients.The successful integration of MASLD into clinical practice will require system-wide reeducation,standardization,and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve outcomes for T2DM patients.展开更多
Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand ...Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand elastic longitudinal waves,which are of irrotational curl-free nature without vorticity and can be describedby scalar fields.Moreover,the conventional theory cannot even answer the question of whether wave spin existsin dissipative fields,given the ubiquitous dissipation in reality.Here,to resolve the seeming paradox and answerthe challenging question,we uncover the origin of wave spin in scalar fields beyond traditional formalism byclarifying that the presence of higher-order derivatives in scalar field Lagrangians can give rise to non-vanishingwave spin.For“spinless”scalar fields of only first-order derivatives,we can make the hidden wave spin emergeby revealing a latent field that leads to the original field through a time derivative,thus giving higher-order termsin Lagrangian.Based on the standard Noether theorem approach,we exemplify the wave spin for unconventionaldrifted acoustic fields,and even for dissipative media,in scalar fields with higher-order derivative Lagrangian.The results would prompt people to build more comprehensive and fundamental understandings of structuralwave spin in classical fields.展开更多
In this manuscript, we present a case report of a child with 16-year-old previously healthy Hispanic male who presented for progressive proximal muscle weakness, rash, and dysphagia. He was admitted to the acute care ...In this manuscript, we present a case report of a child with 16-year-old previously healthy Hispanic male who presented for progressive proximal muscle weakness, rash, and dysphagia. He was admitted to the acute care floor and diagnosed with juvenile dermatomyositis and found to be positive for anti-Mi-2 alpha, anti-Mi-2 beta, and anti-MDA-5 antibodies. He gradually improved with a combination of steroid, immunomodulatory treatment, and physical therapy. This case outlines the clinical course of a patient with this rare disorder as well as the importance of understanding the role of associated antibodies to manage potential long-term sequelae.展开更多
Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters.The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge ...Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters.The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge in literature on economic modeling methodologies for estimating indirect economic impacts of disasters and the recovery of economic activity over time.In this review,we present a framework for categorizing modeling approaches that assess indirect economic impacts across natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters such as cyber attacks.We first conduct a comparative analysis of macroeconomic models,focusing on the approaches capturing sectoral interdependencies.These include the Leontief Input-Output(I/O)model,the Inoperability Input-Output Model(IIM),the Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model(DIIM),the Adaptive Regional Input-Output(ARIO)model,and the Computable General Equilibrium(CGE)model and its extensions.We evaluate their applicability to disaster scenarios based on input data availability,the compatibility of model assumptions,and output capabilities.We also reveal the functional relationships of input data and output metrics across economic modeling approaches for inter-sectoral impacts.Furthermore,we examine how the damage mechanisms posed by different types of disasters translate into model inputs and impact modeling processes.This synthesis provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting and configuring models based on specific disaster scenarios.It also identifies the gaps in the literature,including the need for a deeper understanding of model performance reliability,key drivers of economic outcomes in different disaster contexts,and the disparities in modeling approach applications across various hazard types.展开更多
Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural an...Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural and microstructural adaptations of the biceps femoris short head(BFsh),biceps femoris long head(BFlh),semitendinosus(ST),and semimembranosus(SM)in response to an NHE intervention.Methods Eleven subjects completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training followed by 3 weeks of detraining.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at pre-training,post-training,and detraining to assess architectural(volume,fiber tract length,and fiber tract angle)and microstructural(axial(AD),mean(MD),radial(RD)diffusivities,and fractional anisotropy(FA))parameters of the 4 hamstrings.Results NHE training induced significant but non-uniform hamstring muscle hypertrophy(BFsh:22%,BFlh:9%,ST:26%,SM:6%)and fiber tract length increase(BFsh:11%,BFlh:7%,ST:18%,SM:10%).AD(5%),MD(4%),and RD(5%)showed significant increases,but fiber tract angle and FA remained unchanged.After detraining,only ST showed a significant reduction(8%)in volume,which remained higher than the pre-training value.While fiber tract lengths returned to baseline,AD,MD,and RD remained higher than pre-training levels for all hamstrings.Conclusion The 9-week NHE training substantially increased hamstring muscle volume with greater hypertrophy in ST and BFsh.Hypertrophy was accompanied by increases in fiber tract lengths and cross-sections(increased RD).After 3 weeks of detraining,fiber tract length gains across all hamstrings declined,emphasizing the importance of sustained training to maintain all the protective adaptations.展开更多
Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation(LT)globally with a significant rise in transplants for ALD with limited sobriety including patients with alcohol-associ...Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation(LT)globally with a significant rise in transplants for ALD with limited sobriety including patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis(AH).This evolution challenges the older paradigm that mandates prolonged periods of alcohol abstinence prior to LT.Due to the limited armamentarium of effective pharmacotherapy to treat severe AH,the mortality rates are significantly higher when LT is not available.In the patients who are transplanted for ALD with limited sobriety including AH,patient and graft survival are equivalent,if not better,compared to patients transplanted for other etiologies.However,due to the risk of alcohol relapse and other psychosocial factors,public opinion regarding early LT may continue to impact how the field moves forward particularly regarding organ stewardship and the need for equitable allocation of organs.Numerous tools for psychosocial evaluations have been developed to assist liver transplant teams to identify appropriate patients in a more uniform manner.In this review,we aim to assess the available evidence to support early LT for alcohol AH and propose directions for the future as the field continues to evolve.展开更多
Background Eccentric training,such as Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training,is commonly used as a preventive measure for hamstring strains.Eccentric training is believed to induce lengthening of muscle fascicles and ...Background Eccentric training,such as Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training,is commonly used as a preventive measure for hamstring strains.Eccentric training is believed to induce lengthening of muscle fascicles and to be associated with the addition of sarcomeres in series within muscle fibers.However,the difficulty in measuring sarcomere adaptation in human muscles has severely limited information about the precise mechanisms of adaptation.This study addressed this limitation by measuring the multiscale hamstring muscle adaptations in response to 9 weeks of NHE training and 3 weeks of detraining.Methods Twelve participants completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training,followed by a 3-week detraining period.We assessed biceps femoris long-head(BFlh)muscle fascicle length,sarcomere length,and serial sarcomere number in the central and distal regions of the muscle.Additionally,we measured muscle volume and eccentric strength at baseline,post-training,and post-detraining.Results NHE training over 9 weeks induced significant architectural and strength adaptations in the BFlh muscle.Fascicle length increased by 19%in the central muscle region and 33%in the distal muscle region.NHE also induced increases in serial sarcomere number(25%in the central region and 49%in the distal region).BFlh muscle volume increased by 8%,and knee flexion strength increased by 40%with training.Following 3 weeks of detraining,fascicle length decreased by 12%in the central region and 16%in the distal region along with reductions in serial sarcomere number.Conclusion Nine weeks of NHE training produced substantial,region-specific increases in BFlh muscle fascicle length,muscle volume,and force generation.The direct measurement of sarcomere lengths revealed that the increased fascicle length was accompanied by the addition of sarcomeres in series within the muscle fascicles.展开更多
The advancement of materials has played a pivotal role in the advancement of human civilization,and the emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)-empowered materials science heralds a new era with substantial potential...The advancement of materials has played a pivotal role in the advancement of human civilization,and the emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)-empowered materials science heralds a new era with substantial potential to tackle the escalating challenges related to energy,environment,and biomedical concerns in a sustainable manner.The exploration and development of sustainable materials are poised to assume a critical role in attaining technologically advanced solutions that are environmentally friendly,energy-efficient,and conducive to human well-being.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current scholarly progress in artificial intelligence-powered materials science and its cutting-edge applications.We anticipate that AI technology will be extensively utilized in material research and development,thereby expediting the growth and implementation of novel materials.AI will serve as a catalyst for materials innovation,and in turn,advancements in materials innovation will further enhance the capabilities of AI and AI-powered materials science.Through the synergistic collaboration between AI and materials science,we stand to realize a future propelled by advanced AI-powered materials.展开更多
The surge of distributed renewable energy resources has given rise to the emergence of prosumers,facilitating the low-carbon transition of distribution networks.However,flexible prosumers introduce bidirectional power...The surge of distributed renewable energy resources has given rise to the emergence of prosumers,facilitating the low-carbon transition of distribution networks.However,flexible prosumers introduce bidirectional power and carbon interaction,increasing the complexity of practical decision-making in distribution networks.To address these challenges,this paper presents a carbon-coupled network charge-guided bi-level interactive optimization method between the distribution system operator and prosumers.In the upper level,a carbon-emission responsibility settlement method that incorporates the impact of peer-to-peer(P2P)trading is proposed,based on a carbon-emission flow model and optimal power flow model,leading to the formulation of carbon-coupled network charges.In the lower level,a decentralized P2P trading mechanism is developed to achieve the clearing of energy and carbon-emission rights.Furthermore,an alternating direction method of multipliers with an adaptive penalty factor is introduced to address the equilibrium of the P2P electricity–carbon coupled market,and an improved bisection method is employed to ensure the convergence of the bi-level interaction.A case study on the modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and methodology.展开更多
Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between peak tibial acceleration and peak ankle joint contact forces in response to stride length manipulation during level-ground running.Methods:Twenty-seven phy...Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between peak tibial acceleration and peak ankle joint contact forces in response to stride length manipulation during level-ground running.Methods:Twenty-seven physically active participants ran 10 trials at preferred speed in each of 5 stride length conditions:preferred,±5%,and±10%of preferred stride length.Motion capture,force platform,and tibial acceleration data were directly measured,and ankle joint contact forces were estimated using an inverse-dynamics-based static optimization routine.Results:In general,peak axial tibial accelerations(p<0.001)as well as axial(p<0.001)and resultant(p<0.001)ankle joint contact forces increased with stride length.When averaged within the 10 strides of each stride condition,moderate positive correlations were observed between peak axial acceleration and joint contact force(r=0.49)as well as peak resultant acceleration and joint contact force(r=0.51).However,37%of participants illustrated either no relationship or negative correlations.Only weak correlations across participants existed between peak axial acceleration and joint contact force(r=0.12)as well as peak resultant acceleration and ankle joint contact force(r=0.18)when examined on a step-by-step basis.Conclusion:These results suggest that tibial acceleration should not be used as a surrogate for ankle joint contact force on a step-by-step basis in response to stride length manipulations during level-ground running.A 10-step averaged tibial acceleration metric may be useful for some runners,but an initial laboratory assessment would be required to identify these individuals.展开更多
文摘The Literary Lab at Stanford University is one of the birthplaces of digital humanities and has maintained significant influence in this field over the years.Professor Hui Haifeng has been engaged in research on digital humanities and computational criticism in recent years.During his visiting scholarship at Stanford University,he participated in the activities of the Literary Lab.Taking this opportunity,he interviewed Professor Mark Algee-Hewitt,the director of the Literary Lab,discussing important topics such as the current state and reception of DH(digital humanities)in the English Department,the operations of the Literary Lab,and the landscape of computational criticism.Mark Algee-Hewitt's research focuses on the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in England and Germany and seeks to combine literary criticism with digital and quantitative analyses of literary texts.In particular,he is interested in the history of aesthetic theory and the development and transmission of aesthetic and philosophical concepts during the Enlightenment and Romantic periods.He is also interested in the relationship between aesthetic theory and the poetry of the long eighteenth century.Although his primary background is English literature,he also has a degree in computer science.He believes that the influence of digital humanities within the humanities disciplines is growing increasingly significant.This impact is evident in both the attraction and assistance it offers to students,as well as in the new interpretations it brings to traditional literary studies.He argues that the key to effectively integrating digital humanities into the English Department is to focus on literary research questions,exploring how digital tools can raise new questions or provide new insights into traditional research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82172196(to KX),82372507(to KX)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2023JJ40804(to QZ)the Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma(Hainan Medical University)of the Ministry of Education,China,No.KLET-202210(to QZ)。
文摘Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological mechanism in retinal degeneration.PANoptosis is a newly defined integral form of regulated cell death that combines the key features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis.Oligomerization of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 is an important pathological event in regulating cell death in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury.However,its role in PANoptosis remains largely unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with PANoptosis in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury.Inhibition of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction and PANoptosis in retinal cells subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury.Mechanistically,mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species played a central role in the voltagedependent anion channel 1-mediated regulation of PANoptosis by promoting PANoptosome assembly.Moreover,inhibiting voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization protected against PANoptosis in the retinas of rats subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury.Overall,our findings reveal the critical role of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization in regulating PANoptosis in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury,highlighting voltage-dependent anion channel 1 as a promising therapeutic target.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2018YFA0108602the CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine,No.2021-1-I2M-019National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-C-042(all to XB)。
文摘Ischemic stroke is a significant global health crisis,frequently resulting in disability or death,with limited therapeutic interventions available.Although various intrinsic reparative processes are initiated within the ischemic brain,these mechanisms are often insufficient to restore neuronal functionality.This has led to intensive investigation into the use of exogenous stem cells as a potential therapeutic option.This comprehensive review outlines the ontogeny and mechanisms of activation of endogenous neural stem cells within the adult brain following ischemic events,with focus on the impact of stem cell-based therapies on neural stem cells.Exogenous stem cells have been shown to enhance the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells via direct cell-tocell contact and through the secretion of growth factors and exosomes.Additionally,implanted stem cells may recruit host stem cells from their niches to the infarct area by establishing so-called“biobridges.”Furthermore,xenogeneic and allogeneic stem cells can modify the microenvironment of the infarcted brain tissue through immunomodulatory and angiogenic effects,thereby supporting endogenous neuroregeneration.Given the convergence of regulatory pathways between exogenous and endogenous stem cells and the necessity for a supportive microenvironment,we discuss three strategies to simultaneously enhance the therapeutic efficacy of both cell types.These approaches include:(1)co-administration of various growth factors and pharmacological agents alongside stem cell transplantation to reduce stem cell apoptosis;(2)synergistic administration of stem cells and their exosomes to amplify paracrine effects;and(3)integration of stem cells within hydrogels,which provide a protective scaffold for the implanted cells while facilitating the regeneration of neural tissue and the reconstitution of neural circuits.This comprehensive review highlights the interactions and shared regulatory mechanisms between endogenous neural stem cells and exogenously implanted stem cells and may offer new insights for improving the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth on LTE during COVID-19 and to identify disparities in outcomes disaggregated by sociodemographic factors.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients who initiated LTE at our center from 3/16/20-3/16/21(“COVID-19 era”)and the year prior(3/16/19-3/15/20,“pre-COVID-19 era”).We compared LTE duration times between eras and explored the effects of telehealth and inpatient evaluations on LTE duration,listing,and pretransplant mortality.RESULTS One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in the pre-COVID-19 era cohort and one hundred and ninety-nine in the COVID-19 era cohort.Twentynine percent(58/199)of COVID-19 era initial LTE were telehealth,compared to 0%(0/178)pre-COVID-19.There were more inpatient evaluations during COVID-19 era(40%vs 28%,P<0.01).Among outpatient encounters,telehealth use for initial LTE during COVID-19 era did not impact likelihood of listing,pretransplant mortality,or time to LTE and listing.Median times to LTE and listing during COVID-19 were shorter than pre-COVID-19,driven by increased inpatient evaluations.Sociodemographic factors were not predictive of telehealth.CONCLUSION COVID-19 demonstrates a shift to telehealth and inpatient LTE.Telehealth does not impact LTE or listing duration,likelihood of listing,or mortality,suggesting telehealth may facilitate LTE without negative outcomes.
基金the support provided by the California Department of Transportation(Caltrans)through the Fiscal Year 2023-24 grant(65A0686)for the research project titled‘Revolutions in Battery technologies and Future Electric Vehicles’。
文摘Battery technology plays a crucial role across various sectors,powering devices from smartphones to electric vehicles and supporting grid-scale energy storage.To ensure their safety and efficiency,batteries must be evaluated under diverse operating conditions.Traditional modeling techniques,which often rely on first principles and atomic-level calculations,struggle with practical applications due to incomplete or noisy data.Furthermore,the complexity of battery dynamics,shaped by physical,chemical,and electrochemical interactions,presents substantial challenges for precise and efficient modeling.The Transformer model,originally designed for natural language processing,has proven effective in time-series analysis and forecasting.It adeptly handles the extensive,complex datasets produced during battery cycles,efficiently filtering out noise and identifying critical features without extensive preprocessing.This capability positions Transformers as potent tools for tackling the intricacies of battery data.This review explores the application of customized Transformers in battery state estimation,emphasizing crucial aspects such as charging,health assessment,lifetime prediction,and safety monitoring.It highlights the distinct advantages of Transformer-based models and addresses ongoing challenges and future opportunities in the field.By combining data-driven AI techniques with empirical insights from battery analysis,these pre-trained models can deliver precise diagnostics and comprehensive monitoring,enhancing performance metrics like health monitoring,anomaly detection,and early-warning systems.This integrated approach promises significant improvements in battery technology management and application.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:135 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01634-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the corresponding author would like to update the email address from xingcai@stanford.edu to drtea1@wteao.com.Also,the corresponding author’s affiliation can be expanded.
基金supported by the NIH/NCI grants(No.P01CA257907)the Educational Department of Hunan Province for Excellent Youth Scholars(No.23B0011)。
文摘In the past decade,immunotherapies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4),programmed cell death 1(PD-1),and PD-1 ligand(PD-L1)have been approved for solid tumors.However,some patients demonstrate suboptimal clinical outcomes due to resistance.The tumor microenvironment(TME)significantly affects the efficiency of immunotherapy by mediating interactions between tumor and non-tumor cells,including dendritic cells,T cells,B cells,macrophages,neutrophils,NK cells,and myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs).These non-tumor cells often exhibit two phenotypes with altered functions,and tumor cells drives their transition towards tumor promotion through tumor-education.Tumor-educated cells(TECs)are cells influenced by tumor cells,which acquire immune-suppressive phenotypes and promote tumor progression through resistance to anticancer therapies.These cells undergo modifications in response to signals from the tumor,which can influence their roles in tumor progression.Their dynamic interactions with tumor cells contribute to the reshaping of the TME,facilitating cancer growth and immune modulation.This review summarizes research on TECs in TME,explores mechanisms related to tumor education,and discusses their role in tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance.Additionally,potential therapeutic approaches targeting these cells are also reviewed,which may complement current treatment strategies.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is an extremely prevalent degenerative joint disease which commonly occurs in the knee.In severe cases of knee OA,total knee arthroplasty(TKA)is often indicated to relieve pain and restore limb alignment.While studies have shown how TKA improves knee symptoms,the relationship between the operated knee with the hip and ankle remains understudied.A prospective study by Buterin et al showed a significant relationship between reduced ankle symptoms and better TKA recovery.The objective of this paper is to explore ways to expand the completed study to make it more widely applicable.These include sampling patients from multiple surgical centers in different cultural backgrounds,including different etiologies of OA,extending the study time points,and evaluating the contralateral limb.Together,the study by Buterin et al combined with future work can elucidate new TKA rehabilitation techniques which focus on the entire lower extremity.
文摘High-resolution spatiotemporal simulations effectively capture the complexities of atmospheric plume sion disper-in complex terrain.However,their high computational cost makes them impractical for applications requiring rapid responses or iterative processes,such as optimization,uncertainty quantification,or inverse modeling.To address this challenge,this work introduces the Dual-Stage Temporal Three-dimensional UNet Super-resolution(DST3D-UNet-SR)model,a highly efficient deep learning model for plume dispersion predictions.DST3D-UNet-SR is composed of two sequential modules:the temporal module(TM),which predicts the transient evolution of a plume in complex terrain from low-resolution temporal data,and the spatial refinement module(SRM),which subsequently enhances the spatial resolution of the TM predictions.We train DST3D-UNet-SR using a comprehensive dataset derived from high-resolution large eddy simulations(LES)of plume transport.We propose the DST3D-UNet-SR model to significantly accelerate LES of three-dimensional(3D)plume dispersion by three orders of magnitude.Additionally,the model demonstrates the ability to dynamically adapt to evolving conditions through the incorporation of new observational data,substantially improving prediction accuracy in high-concentration regions near the source.
文摘The evolving nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)aims to better encompass the metabolic context of the disease.This change has significant implications for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),given the frequent overlap between these conditions.This minireview explores the rationale behind the change,compares diagnostic criteria,and evaluates the impact of the MASLD framework on disease prevalence,characterization,and outcomes in T2DM patients.The updated MASLD criteria include all individuals with T2DM and hepatic steatosis,emphasizing metabolic dysfunction as the primary driver.In contrast,the NAFLD definition necessitates excluding other chronic liver diseases and verifying the absence of significant alcohol consumption,leading to a narrower diagnostic framework.Both metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and MASLD identify a higher prevalence of steatotic liver disease,particularly among T2DM patients,compared to NAFLD.Notably,the MASLD framework introduces metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease to account for dual etiologies involving alcohol use,which is common in T2DM populations but previously excluded under NAFLD criteria.While the new definitions enhance clinical relevance and inclusivity,they also highlight challenges such as unrecognized medication-induced steatosis and the need for reclassification in ongoing T2DM clinical trials.Emerging evidence supports enhanced screening strategies(e.g.,fibrosis-4)and metabolic-targeted treatments for MASLD in T2DM patients.The successful integration of MASLD into clinical practice will require system-wide reeducation,standardization,and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve outcomes for T2DM patients.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1404400 and 2023YFA1406900)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1481200)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(Grant No.23XD1423800)。
文摘Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand elastic longitudinal waves,which are of irrotational curl-free nature without vorticity and can be describedby scalar fields.Moreover,the conventional theory cannot even answer the question of whether wave spin existsin dissipative fields,given the ubiquitous dissipation in reality.Here,to resolve the seeming paradox and answerthe challenging question,we uncover the origin of wave spin in scalar fields beyond traditional formalism byclarifying that the presence of higher-order derivatives in scalar field Lagrangians can give rise to non-vanishingwave spin.For“spinless”scalar fields of only first-order derivatives,we can make the hidden wave spin emergeby revealing a latent field that leads to the original field through a time derivative,thus giving higher-order termsin Lagrangian.Based on the standard Noether theorem approach,we exemplify the wave spin for unconventionaldrifted acoustic fields,and even for dissipative media,in scalar fields with higher-order derivative Lagrangian.The results would prompt people to build more comprehensive and fundamental understandings of structuralwave spin in classical fields.
文摘In this manuscript, we present a case report of a child with 16-year-old previously healthy Hispanic male who presented for progressive proximal muscle weakness, rash, and dysphagia. He was admitted to the acute care floor and diagnosed with juvenile dermatomyositis and found to be positive for anti-Mi-2 alpha, anti-Mi-2 beta, and anti-MDA-5 antibodies. He gradually improved with a combination of steroid, immunomodulatory treatment, and physical therapy. This case outlines the clinical course of a patient with this rare disorder as well as the importance of understanding the role of associated antibodies to manage potential long-term sequelae.
基金supported by the Stanford Graduate Fellowship,the Center for Urban Science and Progress at New York Universitythe National Science Foundation under award number CMMI-2053014.The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone.
文摘Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters.The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge in literature on economic modeling methodologies for estimating indirect economic impacts of disasters and the recovery of economic activity over time.In this review,we present a framework for categorizing modeling approaches that assess indirect economic impacts across natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters such as cyber attacks.We first conduct a comparative analysis of macroeconomic models,focusing on the approaches capturing sectoral interdependencies.These include the Leontief Input-Output(I/O)model,the Inoperability Input-Output Model(IIM),the Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model(DIIM),the Adaptive Regional Input-Output(ARIO)model,and the Computable General Equilibrium(CGE)model and its extensions.We evaluate their applicability to disaster scenarios based on input data availability,the compatibility of model assumptions,and output capabilities.We also reveal the functional relationships of input data and output metrics across economic modeling approaches for inter-sectoral impacts.Furthermore,we examine how the damage mechanisms posed by different types of disasters translate into model inputs and impact modeling processes.This synthesis provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting and configuring models based on specific disaster scenarios.It also identifies the gaps in the literature,including the need for a deeper understanding of model performance reliability,key drivers of economic outcomes in different disaster contexts,and the disparities in modeling approach applications across various hazard types.
基金financial support from the general electric (GE) healthcareAustralian Research Council Discovery Project (DP200101476)+5 种基金in parts by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants (R01 AR077604, R01 EB002524, R01 AR079431, P41 EB02706)Stanford Graduate FellowshipThe University of Queensland Graduate ScholarshipNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Fellowship (#1194937)Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance at Stanford Universitythe Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation
文摘Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural and microstructural adaptations of the biceps femoris short head(BFsh),biceps femoris long head(BFlh),semitendinosus(ST),and semimembranosus(SM)in response to an NHE intervention.Methods Eleven subjects completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training followed by 3 weeks of detraining.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at pre-training,post-training,and detraining to assess architectural(volume,fiber tract length,and fiber tract angle)and microstructural(axial(AD),mean(MD),radial(RD)diffusivities,and fractional anisotropy(FA))parameters of the 4 hamstrings.Results NHE training induced significant but non-uniform hamstring muscle hypertrophy(BFsh:22%,BFlh:9%,ST:26%,SM:6%)and fiber tract length increase(BFsh:11%,BFlh:7%,ST:18%,SM:10%).AD(5%),MD(4%),and RD(5%)showed significant increases,but fiber tract angle and FA remained unchanged.After detraining,only ST showed a significant reduction(8%)in volume,which remained higher than the pre-training value.While fiber tract lengths returned to baseline,AD,MD,and RD remained higher than pre-training levels for all hamstrings.Conclusion The 9-week NHE training substantially increased hamstring muscle volume with greater hypertrophy in ST and BFsh.Hypertrophy was accompanied by increases in fiber tract lengths and cross-sections(increased RD).After 3 weeks of detraining,fiber tract length gains across all hamstrings declined,emphasizing the importance of sustained training to maintain all the protective adaptations.
文摘Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation(LT)globally with a significant rise in transplants for ALD with limited sobriety including patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis(AH).This evolution challenges the older paradigm that mandates prolonged periods of alcohol abstinence prior to LT.Due to the limited armamentarium of effective pharmacotherapy to treat severe AH,the mortality rates are significantly higher when LT is not available.In the patients who are transplanted for ALD with limited sobriety including AH,patient and graft survival are equivalent,if not better,compared to patients transplanted for other etiologies.However,due to the risk of alcohol relapse and other psychosocial factors,public opinion regarding early LT may continue to impact how the field moves forward particularly regarding organ stewardship and the need for equitable allocation of organs.Numerous tools for psychosocial evaluations have been developed to assist liver transplant teams to identify appropriate patients in a more uniform manner.In this review,we aim to assess the available evidence to support early LT for alcohol AH and propose directions for the future as the field continues to evolve.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project(DP200101476)in part by National Institute of Health grants(R01 AR077604,RO1 EB002524,RO1 AR079431,and P41 EB02706)+1 种基金Stanford Graduate Fellowship,The University of Queensland Graduate Scholarship,National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Fellowship(#1194937)by Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance at Stanford University and the Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation。
文摘Background Eccentric training,such as Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training,is commonly used as a preventive measure for hamstring strains.Eccentric training is believed to induce lengthening of muscle fascicles and to be associated with the addition of sarcomeres in series within muscle fibers.However,the difficulty in measuring sarcomere adaptation in human muscles has severely limited information about the precise mechanisms of adaptation.This study addressed this limitation by measuring the multiscale hamstring muscle adaptations in response to 9 weeks of NHE training and 3 weeks of detraining.Methods Twelve participants completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training,followed by a 3-week detraining period.We assessed biceps femoris long-head(BFlh)muscle fascicle length,sarcomere length,and serial sarcomere number in the central and distal regions of the muscle.Additionally,we measured muscle volume and eccentric strength at baseline,post-training,and post-detraining.Results NHE training over 9 weeks induced significant architectural and strength adaptations in the BFlh muscle.Fascicle length increased by 19%in the central muscle region and 33%in the distal muscle region.NHE also induced increases in serial sarcomere number(25%in the central region and 49%in the distal region).BFlh muscle volume increased by 8%,and knee flexion strength increased by 40%with training.Following 3 weeks of detraining,fascicle length decreased by 12%in the central region and 16%in the distal region along with reductions in serial sarcomere number.Conclusion Nine weeks of NHE training produced substantial,region-specific increases in BFlh muscle fascicle length,muscle volume,and force generation.The direct measurement of sarcomere lengths revealed that the increased fascicle length was accompanied by the addition of sarcomeres in series within the muscle fascicles.
基金the support from Stanfordthe support from CUHKHKU
文摘The advancement of materials has played a pivotal role in the advancement of human civilization,and the emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)-empowered materials science heralds a new era with substantial potential to tackle the escalating challenges related to energy,environment,and biomedical concerns in a sustainable manner.The exploration and development of sustainable materials are poised to assume a critical role in attaining technologically advanced solutions that are environmentally friendly,energy-efficient,and conducive to human well-being.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current scholarly progress in artificial intelligence-powered materials science and its cutting-edge applications.We anticipate that AI technology will be extensively utilized in material research and development,thereby expediting the growth and implementation of novel materials.AI will serve as a catalyst for materials innovation,and in turn,advancements in materials innovation will further enhance the capabilities of AI and AI-powered materials science.Through the synergistic collaboration between AI and materials science,we stand to realize a future propelled by advanced AI-powered materials.
基金supported by Institutional Research Fund from Sichuan University(0-1 Innovation Research Project,2023SCUH0002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024YFHZ0312)+1 种基金the Chengdu Science and Technology Program(2024YF0600012HZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2166211 and 52177103).
文摘The surge of distributed renewable energy resources has given rise to the emergence of prosumers,facilitating the low-carbon transition of distribution networks.However,flexible prosumers introduce bidirectional power and carbon interaction,increasing the complexity of practical decision-making in distribution networks.To address these challenges,this paper presents a carbon-coupled network charge-guided bi-level interactive optimization method between the distribution system operator and prosumers.In the upper level,a carbon-emission responsibility settlement method that incorporates the impact of peer-to-peer(P2P)trading is proposed,based on a carbon-emission flow model and optimal power flow model,leading to the formulation of carbon-coupled network charges.In the lower level,a decentralized P2P trading mechanism is developed to achieve the clearing of energy and carbon-emission rights.Furthermore,an alternating direction method of multipliers with an adaptive penalty factor is introduced to address the equilibrium of the P2P electricity–carbon coupled market,and an improved bisection method is employed to ensure the convergence of the bi-level interaction.A case study on the modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and methodology.
基金funded in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(RGPIN 024042021 and CGS D-534891-2019)the NSERC CREATE Wearable Technology Research and Collaboration training program(graduate fellowship and undergraduate summer research fellowship).
文摘Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between peak tibial acceleration and peak ankle joint contact forces in response to stride length manipulation during level-ground running.Methods:Twenty-seven physically active participants ran 10 trials at preferred speed in each of 5 stride length conditions:preferred,±5%,and±10%of preferred stride length.Motion capture,force platform,and tibial acceleration data were directly measured,and ankle joint contact forces were estimated using an inverse-dynamics-based static optimization routine.Results:In general,peak axial tibial accelerations(p<0.001)as well as axial(p<0.001)and resultant(p<0.001)ankle joint contact forces increased with stride length.When averaged within the 10 strides of each stride condition,moderate positive correlations were observed between peak axial acceleration and joint contact force(r=0.49)as well as peak resultant acceleration and joint contact force(r=0.51).However,37%of participants illustrated either no relationship or negative correlations.Only weak correlations across participants existed between peak axial acceleration and joint contact force(r=0.12)as well as peak resultant acceleration and ankle joint contact force(r=0.18)when examined on a step-by-step basis.Conclusion:These results suggest that tibial acceleration should not be used as a surrogate for ankle joint contact force on a step-by-step basis in response to stride length manipulations during level-ground running.A 10-step averaged tibial acceleration metric may be useful for some runners,but an initial laboratory assessment would be required to identify these individuals.
