High-altitude glacier-lake systems in the eastern Pamir Plateau,Tajikistan,are highly sensitive elements of Central Asia’s cryosphere and are vital for sustaining regional water resources.The Yashilkul Lake is locate...High-altitude glacier-lake systems in the eastern Pamir Plateau,Tajikistan,are highly sensitive elements of Central Asia’s cryosphere and are vital for sustaining regional water resources.The Yashilkul Lake is located within a tectonic depression dammed by an ancient rockslide,forming a large alpine lake.This lake is currently impacted by intensified warming,glacier retreat,and poorly quantified hydrological shift.The primary objective of this study is to assess multi-decadal changes in the Yashilkul and Bulunkul lakes and their surrounding cryosphere between 1994 and 2024.The changes were analyzed using multitemporal Landsat imagery and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys,complemented by in situ meteorological observations from the Bulunkul meteorological station spanning the period from 1990 to 2024.Glacier and lake boundaries were extracted from Landsat data,primarily by applying the normalized difference water index,supplemented by manual delineation.UAV photogrammetry characterized dam morphology and adjacent ponds,and climate trends were evaluated with the modified Mann-Kendall test.A significant warming trend of 0.096℃/a and pronounced interannual precipitation variability have driven persistent glacier retreat and lake surface area fluctuations.The Yashilkul Lake’s surface area decreased from 36.40 (±1.15) km^(2) in 2010 to 31.94 (±0.54) km^(2) in 2020 and partially rebounded to 33.99 (±0.60) km^(2) in 2024,while the Bulunkul Lake’s surface area remained nearly stable owing to limited glacial influence.Additionally,UAV surveys conducted in 2022 and 2024 revealed main features of the Yashilkul Lake:rockslidedammed origin,perched ponds along the dam body,and an artificial canal regulating its outflow.Nearby glaciers,particularly Glacier No.369,exhibited strong frontal retreat and proglacial lake expansion.The proglacial lake expanded nearly fourfold from 0.08 (±0.01)km^(2) in 2000 to 0.33 (±0.02) km^(2) in 2024,raising concerns about potential glacial lake outburst floods that could impact the Yashilkul Lake and compromise the integrity of its natural dam.The findings highlight accelerating hydrological and cryospheric transformations in the Pamir Plateau,emphasizing the need for sustained monitoring of glacier-lake systems owing to their critical implications for water security,ecological stability,and downstream hazard management.展开更多
BACKGROUND The persistent burden of cardiovascular(CV)disease in the United States requires innovative and cost-effective prognostic markers that can be relied upon.AIM To provide insights into how adiponectin can pre...BACKGROUND The persistent burden of cardiovascular(CV)disease in the United States requires innovative and cost-effective prognostic markers that can be relied upon.AIM To provide insights into how adiponectin can predict all-cause mortality and major adverse CV events(MACE)in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and to determine the prognostic value of adiponectin in predicting all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with stable CAD.METHODS We conducted a systematic search on PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar to find relevant studies published through June 2023 evaluating the long-term prognostic role of adiponectin in patients with stable CAD.Using a random effects model with 95%CI,we estimated the odds ratio(OR)while assessing heterogeneity through I^(2)statistics.To ensure robustness,we performed a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out approach.RESULTS After screening,we included five prospective studies involving 3225 patients who were followed up for a median duration of 3.8 years.Within the study population,prevalent risk factors included hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and smoking.The commonly prescribed medications were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,beta blockers,and statins.The combined adjusted OR for all-cause mortality was found to be 2.51(95%CI:1.36–4.62),showing heterogeneity(I^(2)=65.51%,P=0.03).On the other hand,the combined adjusted OR for MACE was determined to be 1.04(95%CI:1.02–1.06)with no significant heterogeneity observed(I^(2)=0%,P=0.68).Through a sensitivity analysis,it was discovered that none of the studies significantly impacted the overall results of the meta-analysis,thus indicating their robustness.CONCLUSION Higher levels of adiponectin were found to be associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and MACE in patients with CAD,which highlights its potential as a cost-effective marker for risk assessment and guiding treatment strategies.Further research on the role of adiponectin could greatly influence decision-making and resource allocation in CV care.展开更多
Lead chalcogenides represent a significant class of materials that exhibit intriguing physical phenomena,including remarkable thermoelectric properties and superconductivity.In this study,we present a comprehensive in...Lead chalcogenides represent a significant class of materials that exhibit intriguing physical phenomena,including remarkable thermoelectric properties and superconductivity.In this study,we present a comprehensive investigation on the superconductivity of PbSe single crystal under high pressure.The signature of superconducting(SC)transition starts to appear at 7.2 K under 16.5 GPa.Upon further compression,the SC temperature(T_(c))decreases,and it is reduced to 3.5 K at 45.0 GPa.The negative pressure dependent behavior of T_(c)is consistent with the trend of T_(c)-P relations observed in other lead chalcogenides.The highest T_(c)is 8.0 K observed at 20.5 GPa during decompression process,which is also the highest record among all other PbSe derivatives,such as doped samples,superlattices,and so on.The phase boundaries of the structural and electronic transitions are well defined by Raman spectroscopy,and then phase diagrams are plotted for both compression and decompression processes.This work corrects the previous claim of positive pressure dependence of T_(c)in PbSe and provides clear phase diagrams for intrinsic superconductivity in PbSe under pressure.展开更多
Background:Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilm infections in implant placement surgery is limited by the lack of antimicrobial activity of titanium(Ti)implants.There is a need to expl...Background:Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilm infections in implant placement surgery is limited by the lack of antimicrobial activity of titanium(Ti)implants.There is a need to explore more effective approaches for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections.Methods:Herein,an interfacial functionalization strategy is proposed by the integration of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles(PDA),nitric oxide(NO)release donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)and osteogenic growth peptide(OGP)onto Ti implants,denoted as Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP.The physical and chemical properties of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP were assessed by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,water contact angle,photothermal property and NO release behavior.The synergistic antibacterial effect and elimination of the MRSA biofilms were evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe,1-N-phenylnaphthylamine assay,adenosine triphosphate intensity,O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside hydrolysis activity,bicinchoninic acid leakage.Fluorescence staining,assays for alkaline phosphatase activity,collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization,quantitative real‑time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to evaluate the inflammatory response and osteogenic ability in bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs),RAW264.7 cells and their co-culture system.Giemsa staining,ELISA,micro-CT,hematoxylin and eosin,Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the eradication of MRSA biofilms,inhibition of inflammatory response,and promotion of osseointegration of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP in vivo.Results:Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP displayed a synergistic photothermal and NO-dependent antibacterial effect against MRSA following near-infrared light(NIR)irradiation,and effectively eliminated the formed MRSA biofilms by inducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated oxidative stress,destroying bacterial membrane integrity and causing leakage of intracellular components(P<0.01).In vitro experiments revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP not only facilitated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs,but also promoted the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The favorable osteo-immune microenvironment further facilitated osteogenesis of MSCs and the anti-inflammation of RAW264.7 cells via multiple paracrine signaling pathways(P<0.01).In vivo evaluation confirmed the aforementioned results and revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP induced ameliorative osseointegration in an MRSA-infected femoral defect implantation model(P<0.01).Conclusions:Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP is a promising multi-functional material for the high-efficient treatment of MRSA infections in implant replacement surgeries.展开更多
This study was carried out in the Health districts of Kayanza and Gahombo. Its aim was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of infants aged between 6 and 23 months. This descriptive and cross-sectio...This study was carried out in the Health districts of Kayanza and Gahombo. Its aim was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of infants aged between 6 and 23 months. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the health centers of the action zone during medical consultations in community medicine from 13 to 22 February 2023. For this purpose, 53.0% of a sample of 398 mothers of infants aged 6 - 23 months were male, and the most represented age group was 12 - 23 months with 53.8%. Mothers were asked about the diet of their children. All the children involved in this study were vaccinated, whereas 99.2% were given vitamin A supplements. The most frequent illnesses in this age group were acute respiratory infection (ARI) (73.4%), fever (66.6%), diarrhea (53.8%), and vomiting (40.5%). Analysis of nutritional status showed that infants had severe (8.3%) and moderate (70.4%) acute malnutrition. Factors associated with infant nutritional status comprised the occupation of mother (P = 0.009), level of education of mother (P = 0.0625), and prolonged diarrhea (P = 0.004). To remedy this problem, concrete nutritional and educational interventions are needed to promote optimal infant nutrition during the first two years of life.展开更多
The conservation of plant biodiversity has become one of the most important objectives in the sustainable management of Guinean-Congolese ecosystems. However, in the south-east zone of Cameroon, there is a lack of rig...The conservation of plant biodiversity has become one of the most important objectives in the sustainable management of Guinean-Congolese ecosystems. However, in the south-east zone of Cameroon, there is a lack of rigor in the management of these forests, which can result in the loss of species of high conservation value. The study was carried out in communal forests in the south-east zone of Cameroon. Its aim was to carry out a floristic inventory and then compare the list of species with the IUCN catalog. Twenty-four plots, each with a surface area of 0.2 ha, were set up in the Gari-Gombo communal forest. All timbers with a DBH ≥ 5 cm were systematically counted. A total of 176 species, belonging to 144 genera and 45 families, were surveyed. Fabaceae (42.08%), Malvaceae (39%), Euphorbiaceae (24.64%), Moraceae (20.92%), Apocynaceae (18.64%), Cecropiaceae (16.60%), Ulmaceae (14.76%), Meliaceae (14.61%), Violaceae (14.08%), Combretaceae (12.67%), Theobroma cacao (21.17%), Baphia leptobotrys (18.06%), Rinorea sp. (14.09%), Musanga cecropioides (12.18%), Terminalia superba (10.32%), Neosloetiopsis kamerunensis (10.14%), Celtis zenkeri (8.29%) and Alstonia boonei (7.77%) were the most important taxa. Nearly 90% of the species in this forest are Guinean species, with a dominance of Guinean-Congolese species (66%). Fourteen (14) threatened species have been identified in the FCGG. This study, which highlights the rich biodiversity of communal forests, is important for guiding biodiversity conservation policies in ecosystems used for production.展开更多
Objective To investigate the status of evoked potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Methods Evoked potentials P300, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and visual evoked potential ( VEP) were recorded from 3...Objective To investigate the status of evoked potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Methods Evoked potentials P300, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and visual evoked potential ( VEP) were recorded from 35 OCD patients and 28 normal controls (NC) with a Nicolet Spirit Instrument. 23 of the OCD patients were followed up after 5 months with the same markers. Results Compared with NC, OCD patients showed decreased P3 of P300 amplitude (OCD group 3. 5 ±1. 6μv vs. NC group 5.9 ±2. 1μv, P <0. 01), delayed V latency (6.4±0. 4ms vs. 5. 5 ±0. 3ms, P <0. 01) and increased V amplitude(0. 35±0. 1μv vs. 0. 16 ±0.09μv, P <0. 05) of ABR and delayed P2 of VEP latency (199±39ms vs. 183±28ms, P <0. 05). The follow-up measures of evoked potentials suggested that decreased P3 of P300 amplitude and delayed P2 of VEP latency might be state markers of OCD, while decreased V amplitude and delayed V of ABR latency might be trait markers of OCD. Conclusion The changes of P300 and VEP are related to clinical status of OCD patients, while the association between ABR and OCD symptoms need to be further investigated.展开更多
Colza is a relatively new crop for North Kazakhstan. The increase of colza seeds production is restricted by its cultivation technology imperfection. Empiric model of colza for seeds cultivation is designed, allowing ...Colza is a relatively new crop for North Kazakhstan. The increase of colza seeds production is restricted by its cultivation technology imperfection. Empiric model of colza for seeds cultivation is designed, allowing using its maximum potential. It was found out that correct preceding crops selection, optimization of norms and dates of colza seeding provide seeds heavy weight crops, reducing crops production cost and increasing cost efficiency at 62% average.展开更多
Background Respiratory syncytial virus infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under two years of age.Thus,the objective of this consensus document is to analyze and discuss curre...Background Respiratory syncytial virus infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under two years of age.Thus,the objective of this consensus document is to analyze and discuss current scientific evidence and generate recommendations that reflect the position of a prominent national pediatric professional association regarding the benefits and impact of immunoprophylaxis in pregnant women and infants on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus-related respiratory disease in Mexico and Latin America.Data sources Following an academic consensus model,the available scientific literature on current or controversial topics was compiled and critically analyzed.The process adhered to the Guidelines for the Development of Consensus Documents and incorporated recommendations and critical appraisal criteria from the European Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation initiative.Multidisciplinary and representative teams were formed from several national professional associations.The studies and manuscripts included in this review were selected via keywords such as respiratory syncytial virus,vaccine,monoclonal antibodies,maternal vaccine,safety and efficacy in vaccine,and vaccine compliance across databases,with priority given to articles published between January 2019 and May 2025.The process included one in-person meeting and one virtual meeting.Results A total of nine questions,which were considered unresolved in previous respiratory syncytial virus-related consensus documents,were formulated,covering the time,dose,cost-effectiveness and other perspectives.Each one was addressed through an updated literature review and critical appraisal.The findings and resulting recommendations were presented along with their corresponding level of evidence according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation.Conclusions Both maternal respiratory syncytial virus vaccination(RSVpreF)and passive immunization with nirsevimab demonstrate robust efficacy and favorable safety,protecting newborns and infants from severe respiratory syncytial virus infections.The document provides actionable,evidence-based recommendations tailored for the Latin American healthcare context,aiming to reduce severe respiratory syncytial virus disease incidence and improve national infant health outcomes.展开更多
Lyocell is a type of regenerated cellulose fiber with an eco-friendly production process and de-sirable properties.However,it is susceptible to fibrillation,which often results in pilling and di-minished color appeara...Lyocell is a type of regenerated cellulose fiber with an eco-friendly production process and de-sirable properties.However,it is susceptible to fibrillation,which often results in pilling and di-minished color appearance after laundering.Conventional anti-fibrillation methods are plagued by drawbacks such as significant strength loss,low utilization rates,formaldehyde release,and yellowing.To overcome these challenges,we developed an innovative approach involving the treatment of lyocell fibers with a cationic modifier(CM),poly(diallyldimethylammonium chlo-ride),followed by the application of anionic polyacrylic acid emulsions(AEs).The effects of AE concentration,curing temperature,and curing time on anti-fibrillation performance were sys-tematically evaluated.Through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),zeta potential,X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy(XPS),and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)analyses,we demonstrated that the anionic latex was effectively adsorbed onto the CM-treated fiber surface via electrostatic interactions.Upon curing,a discontinuous film formed on the fiber surface,which hindered wa-ter penetration and enhanced lateral cohesion between microfibrils under wet conditions.As a result,the modified fabrics exhibited markedly improved anti-fibrillation performance without compromising mechanical properties or whiteness.Furthermore,the air permeability of wet fab-rics increased by 46.4%,and dyeing properties and glossiness were markedly enhanced.The results also indicate that this treatment has good abrasion resistance and durability.This study introduces a sustainable strategy for achieving multifunctional performance and green dyeability in cellulose textiles,thereby expanding their potential applications.展开更多
China is building a model project of digital government with the fully digitalized electronic invoices(FDEls)at the core.Through the"unified national e-invoice service platform",online invoice collection,aut...China is building a model project of digital government with the fully digitalized electronic invoices(FDEls)at the core.Through the"unified national e-invoice service platform",online invoice collection,automatic quota allocation and direct connection with enterprises can be achieved,which can reduce cost,enhance efficiency and promote digital transformation of enterprises.Relying on the precise supervision system of"data+rules,which covers hundreds of millions of trusted identity subjects,the platform can prevent and control risks in real time and align with international standards.The reform has achieved remarkable results:it has covered 95%of enterprises across the country,saved over RMB100 billion in costs annually,and reduced 30 billion paper invoices.Breakthrough innovations,including reconstructing the traditional invoice ecosystem,building the largest information technology innovation cloud platform and digital identity system,and promoting the internationalization of independent tax algorithms,have provided the Chinese solution for"data-driven tax governance"to the world,and contributed to high-quality development andhigh-levelopeningup.展开更多
Cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)have garnered increased attention due to their renewable nature,abundant feedstock availbility,and good mechanical properties.However,one of the bottlenecks for its commercial production is...Cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)have garnered increased attention due to their renewable nature,abundant feedstock availbility,and good mechanical properties.However,one of the bottlenecks for its commercial production is the drying process.Because of the low CNC concentrations in suspension after isolation,CNC drying requires the removal of a large amount of water to obtain dry products for the following utilization and saving shipping costs.A novel multi-frequency,multimode,modulated ultrasonic drying technology was developed for CNC drying to improve product quality,reduce energy consumption,and increase production rate.CNCs dried with dif-ferent drying technologies were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra anal-ysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and redispersibility to measure the quality and property changes.Under the same temperature and airflow rate,ultrasonic drying enhanced drying rates,resulting in at least a 50%reduction in drying time compared to hot air drying.The mean particle sizes of CNC from ultrasonic drying changed little with settling time,indicating good redispersibility.In addition,ultrasonic dried CNCs exhibited good stability in aqueous solutions,with the zeta potentials rang-ing from-35 to-65 mV.Specific energy consumption and CO_(2) emissions of various CNC drying technologies were evaluated.Energy consumption of ultrasonic drying is significantly reduced compared to other drying technologies.Moreover,the potential CO_(2) emissions of the fully elec-trified ultrasonic drying could be net zero if renewable electricity is used.展开更多
Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)membrane protein profile(sEVpp)is a novel biomarker for cancer,and it can reveal the in-depth phenotype information.The point-of-care testing(POCT)of sEVpp holds great significance fo...Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)membrane protein profile(sEVpp)is a novel biomarker for cancer,and it can reveal the in-depth phenotype information.The point-of-care testing(POCT)of sEVpp holds great significance for mass screening of cancer,so the cost-effective and simple detection methods of sEVpp are urgently demanded.Herein,we constructed a paper-based multichannel sEVpp POCT device(sEVpp-PAD)enabled by functional DNA probes and metal-organic framework(MOF).The core components are aptamer/MOF-modified paper chips.The modified aptamers can immunocapture the sEV expressing corresponding proteins,while the modified MOF can provide abundant sites for aptamer-modification,reduce the nonspecific protein absorption,and act as reference for ratiometric detection.Simply powered by two syringes,the sEVpp-PAD can efficiently capture sEVs expressing corresponding protein from cell culture media and sera.Furthermore,a detection probe(DP)consisted of CD63 aptamer and G-quadruplex was developed for the colorimetric detection of captured sEVs.Utilizing this device,the sEVpp in various hepatocellular carcinoma cell culture medium and,more importantly,in human sera can be accurately determined,only with$2 device,$0.2 detection reagents and 1.8 h procedure.This simple strategy for sEVpp detection can innovatively promote the POCT and subtyping of cancer based on sEV-related liquid biopsy.展开更多
The International Commission on Stratigraphy and the IUGS Executive Committee have recently ratified a Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point(GSSP)defining the conterminous base of the third series and the fifth...The International Commission on Stratigraphy and the IUGS Executive Committee have recently ratified a Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point(GSSP)defining the conterminous base of the third series and the fifth stage of the Cambrian System.The series and the stage are respectively named the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage,after the Maioling Mountains in southeastern Guizhou and the Wuliu sidehill,Jianhe County,in eastern Guizhou Province,South China,where the GSSP is located.The GSSP is exposed in a natural outcrop near the Balang Village at a position of 26o44.843'N latitude and 108o24.830'E longitude.It is defined at the base of a silty mudstone layer 52.8 m above the base of the Kaili Formation in the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section,coinciding with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan oryctocephalid trilobite Oryctocephalus indicus(base of the O.indicus Zone).Secondary global markers at or near the base of the series and stage include the peak of a rather large negative carbon isotopic excursion(ROECE excursion),the simultaneous appearance of many acanthomorphic acritarch forms,a transgressive phase of a major eustatic event,and the last appearance of intercontinental polymerid trilobites,either Bathynotus or Ovatoryctocara.Faunal turnovers close to the base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage have been recognized as being at the base of the Oryctocephalus indicus Zone of Amgan Stage in Siberia,the Delamaran Stage in Laurentia,the Oryctocephalus indicus Zone in the Indian Himalaya and North Greenland,near the base of the Delamaran Stage in Australia,and within the Eccaparadocides sdzuyi Zone in Iberia and the Ornamentaspis frequens Zone in Morocco.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION By using degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) method, the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of transparent media can be conventionally measured. Nonlinear properties of media in ground state ...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION By using degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) method, the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of transparent media can be conventionally measured. Nonlinear properties of media in ground state are well known, but those in exciting state are less studied. When a medium absorbs incident radiation, a part of population can be excited into high exciting state. In DFWM this resonant enhancement effect can be used to increase the third-展开更多
Different instabilities have been confirmed to exist in the three-dimensional(3D) electron gas when it is confined to the lowest Landau level in the extreme quantum limit. The recently discovered 3D topological semime...Different instabilities have been confirmed to exist in the three-dimensional(3D) electron gas when it is confined to the lowest Landau level in the extreme quantum limit. The recently discovered 3D topological semimetals offer a good platform to explore these phenomena due to the small sizes of their Fermi pockets, which means the quantum limit can be achieved at relatively low magnetic fields. In this work, we report the high-magnetic-field transport properties of the Dirac semimetal state in pressurized black phosphorus. Under applied hydrostatic pressure, the band structure of black phosphorus goes through an insulator-semimetal transition. In the high pressure topological semimetal phase, anomalous behaviors are observed on both magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity beyond the relatively low quantum limit field, which is demonstrated to indicate the emergence of an exotic electronic state hosting a density wave ordering. Our findings bring the first insight into the electronic interactions in black phosphorus under intense field.展开更多
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)has just released the World Investment Report 2021.According to the report,China remains the world’s second largest recipient of foreign direct investment...The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)has just released the World Investment Report 2021.According to the report,China remains the world’s second largest recipient of foreign direct investment(FDI),with its FDI inflows increasing by 6%over the previous year to US$149 billion in 2020,against the backdrop of a significant drop in global FDI inflows due to the COVID-19 epidemic.展开更多
基金funded by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (42230708,42361144887)the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China (2022TSYCLJ0056)。
文摘High-altitude glacier-lake systems in the eastern Pamir Plateau,Tajikistan,are highly sensitive elements of Central Asia’s cryosphere and are vital for sustaining regional water resources.The Yashilkul Lake is located within a tectonic depression dammed by an ancient rockslide,forming a large alpine lake.This lake is currently impacted by intensified warming,glacier retreat,and poorly quantified hydrological shift.The primary objective of this study is to assess multi-decadal changes in the Yashilkul and Bulunkul lakes and their surrounding cryosphere between 1994 and 2024.The changes were analyzed using multitemporal Landsat imagery and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys,complemented by in situ meteorological observations from the Bulunkul meteorological station spanning the period from 1990 to 2024.Glacier and lake boundaries were extracted from Landsat data,primarily by applying the normalized difference water index,supplemented by manual delineation.UAV photogrammetry characterized dam morphology and adjacent ponds,and climate trends were evaluated with the modified Mann-Kendall test.A significant warming trend of 0.096℃/a and pronounced interannual precipitation variability have driven persistent glacier retreat and lake surface area fluctuations.The Yashilkul Lake’s surface area decreased from 36.40 (±1.15) km^(2) in 2010 to 31.94 (±0.54) km^(2) in 2020 and partially rebounded to 33.99 (±0.60) km^(2) in 2024,while the Bulunkul Lake’s surface area remained nearly stable owing to limited glacial influence.Additionally,UAV surveys conducted in 2022 and 2024 revealed main features of the Yashilkul Lake:rockslidedammed origin,perched ponds along the dam body,and an artificial canal regulating its outflow.Nearby glaciers,particularly Glacier No.369,exhibited strong frontal retreat and proglacial lake expansion.The proglacial lake expanded nearly fourfold from 0.08 (±0.01)km^(2) in 2000 to 0.33 (±0.02) km^(2) in 2024,raising concerns about potential glacial lake outburst floods that could impact the Yashilkul Lake and compromise the integrity of its natural dam.The findings highlight accelerating hydrological and cryospheric transformations in the Pamir Plateau,emphasizing the need for sustained monitoring of glacier-lake systems owing to their critical implications for water security,ecological stability,and downstream hazard management.
文摘BACKGROUND The persistent burden of cardiovascular(CV)disease in the United States requires innovative and cost-effective prognostic markers that can be relied upon.AIM To provide insights into how adiponectin can predict all-cause mortality and major adverse CV events(MACE)in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and to determine the prognostic value of adiponectin in predicting all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with stable CAD.METHODS We conducted a systematic search on PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar to find relevant studies published through June 2023 evaluating the long-term prognostic role of adiponectin in patients with stable CAD.Using a random effects model with 95%CI,we estimated the odds ratio(OR)while assessing heterogeneity through I^(2)statistics.To ensure robustness,we performed a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out approach.RESULTS After screening,we included five prospective studies involving 3225 patients who were followed up for a median duration of 3.8 years.Within the study population,prevalent risk factors included hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and smoking.The commonly prescribed medications were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,beta blockers,and statins.The combined adjusted OR for all-cause mortality was found to be 2.51(95%CI:1.36–4.62),showing heterogeneity(I^(2)=65.51%,P=0.03).On the other hand,the combined adjusted OR for MACE was determined to be 1.04(95%CI:1.02–1.06)with no significant heterogeneity observed(I^(2)=0%,P=0.68).Through a sensitivity analysis,it was discovered that none of the studies significantly impacted the overall results of the meta-analysis,thus indicating their robustness.CONCLUSION Higher levels of adiponectin were found to be associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and MACE in patients with CAD,which highlights its potential as a cost-effective marker for risk assessment and guiding treatment strategies.Further research on the role of adiponectin could greatly influence decision-making and resource allocation in CV care.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374050,12004014,U1930401,and 12375304)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400300 and 2023YFA1608900)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22090041).
文摘Lead chalcogenides represent a significant class of materials that exhibit intriguing physical phenomena,including remarkable thermoelectric properties and superconductivity.In this study,we present a comprehensive investigation on the superconductivity of PbSe single crystal under high pressure.The signature of superconducting(SC)transition starts to appear at 7.2 K under 16.5 GPa.Upon further compression,the SC temperature(T_(c))decreases,and it is reduced to 3.5 K at 45.0 GPa.The negative pressure dependent behavior of T_(c)is consistent with the trend of T_(c)-P relations observed in other lead chalcogenides.The highest T_(c)is 8.0 K observed at 20.5 GPa during decompression process,which is also the highest record among all other PbSe derivatives,such as doped samples,superlattices,and so on.The phase boundaries of the structural and electronic transitions are well defined by Raman spectroscopy,and then phase diagrams are plotted for both compression and decompression processes.This work corrects the previous claim of positive pressure dependence of T_(c)in PbSe and provides clear phase diagrams for intrinsic superconductivity in PbSe under pressure.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101069,82102537,82160411,82002278)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(CSTC2021JCYJ-MSXMX0170,CSTB2022BSXM-JCX0039)+2 种基金the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Cultivating Fund(PYJJ2021-02)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z221100007422130)the Youth Incubation Program of Medical Science and Technology of PLA(21QNPY116).
文摘Background:Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilm infections in implant placement surgery is limited by the lack of antimicrobial activity of titanium(Ti)implants.There is a need to explore more effective approaches for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections.Methods:Herein,an interfacial functionalization strategy is proposed by the integration of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles(PDA),nitric oxide(NO)release donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)and osteogenic growth peptide(OGP)onto Ti implants,denoted as Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP.The physical and chemical properties of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP were assessed by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,water contact angle,photothermal property and NO release behavior.The synergistic antibacterial effect and elimination of the MRSA biofilms were evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe,1-N-phenylnaphthylamine assay,adenosine triphosphate intensity,O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside hydrolysis activity,bicinchoninic acid leakage.Fluorescence staining,assays for alkaline phosphatase activity,collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization,quantitative real‑time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to evaluate the inflammatory response and osteogenic ability in bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs),RAW264.7 cells and their co-culture system.Giemsa staining,ELISA,micro-CT,hematoxylin and eosin,Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the eradication of MRSA biofilms,inhibition of inflammatory response,and promotion of osseointegration of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP in vivo.Results:Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP displayed a synergistic photothermal and NO-dependent antibacterial effect against MRSA following near-infrared light(NIR)irradiation,and effectively eliminated the formed MRSA biofilms by inducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated oxidative stress,destroying bacterial membrane integrity and causing leakage of intracellular components(P<0.01).In vitro experiments revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP not only facilitated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs,but also promoted the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The favorable osteo-immune microenvironment further facilitated osteogenesis of MSCs and the anti-inflammation of RAW264.7 cells via multiple paracrine signaling pathways(P<0.01).In vivo evaluation confirmed the aforementioned results and revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP induced ameliorative osseointegration in an MRSA-infected femoral defect implantation model(P<0.01).Conclusions:Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP is a promising multi-functional material for the high-efficient treatment of MRSA infections in implant replacement surgeries.
文摘This study was carried out in the Health districts of Kayanza and Gahombo. Its aim was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of infants aged between 6 and 23 months. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the health centers of the action zone during medical consultations in community medicine from 13 to 22 February 2023. For this purpose, 53.0% of a sample of 398 mothers of infants aged 6 - 23 months were male, and the most represented age group was 12 - 23 months with 53.8%. Mothers were asked about the diet of their children. All the children involved in this study were vaccinated, whereas 99.2% were given vitamin A supplements. The most frequent illnesses in this age group were acute respiratory infection (ARI) (73.4%), fever (66.6%), diarrhea (53.8%), and vomiting (40.5%). Analysis of nutritional status showed that infants had severe (8.3%) and moderate (70.4%) acute malnutrition. Factors associated with infant nutritional status comprised the occupation of mother (P = 0.009), level of education of mother (P = 0.0625), and prolonged diarrhea (P = 0.004). To remedy this problem, concrete nutritional and educational interventions are needed to promote optimal infant nutrition during the first two years of life.
文摘The conservation of plant biodiversity has become one of the most important objectives in the sustainable management of Guinean-Congolese ecosystems. However, in the south-east zone of Cameroon, there is a lack of rigor in the management of these forests, which can result in the loss of species of high conservation value. The study was carried out in communal forests in the south-east zone of Cameroon. Its aim was to carry out a floristic inventory and then compare the list of species with the IUCN catalog. Twenty-four plots, each with a surface area of 0.2 ha, were set up in the Gari-Gombo communal forest. All timbers with a DBH ≥ 5 cm were systematically counted. A total of 176 species, belonging to 144 genera and 45 families, were surveyed. Fabaceae (42.08%), Malvaceae (39%), Euphorbiaceae (24.64%), Moraceae (20.92%), Apocynaceae (18.64%), Cecropiaceae (16.60%), Ulmaceae (14.76%), Meliaceae (14.61%), Violaceae (14.08%), Combretaceae (12.67%), Theobroma cacao (21.17%), Baphia leptobotrys (18.06%), Rinorea sp. (14.09%), Musanga cecropioides (12.18%), Terminalia superba (10.32%), Neosloetiopsis kamerunensis (10.14%), Celtis zenkeri (8.29%) and Alstonia boonei (7.77%) were the most important taxa. Nearly 90% of the species in this forest are Guinean species, with a dominance of Guinean-Congolese species (66%). Fourteen (14) threatened species have been identified in the FCGG. This study, which highlights the rich biodiversity of communal forests, is important for guiding biodiversity conservation policies in ecosystems used for production.
基金Supported by the Fund of ' 100 Distinguished Investigator' of Shanghai Sanitary Authorities(97BR030)Fund of Clinical Medicine Center of Shanghai Mental Disorder(ZX02A14).
文摘Objective To investigate the status of evoked potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Methods Evoked potentials P300, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and visual evoked potential ( VEP) were recorded from 35 OCD patients and 28 normal controls (NC) with a Nicolet Spirit Instrument. 23 of the OCD patients were followed up after 5 months with the same markers. Results Compared with NC, OCD patients showed decreased P3 of P300 amplitude (OCD group 3. 5 ±1. 6μv vs. NC group 5.9 ±2. 1μv, P <0. 01), delayed V latency (6.4±0. 4ms vs. 5. 5 ±0. 3ms, P <0. 01) and increased V amplitude(0. 35±0. 1μv vs. 0. 16 ±0.09μv, P <0. 05) of ABR and delayed P2 of VEP latency (199±39ms vs. 183±28ms, P <0. 05). The follow-up measures of evoked potentials suggested that decreased P3 of P300 amplitude and delayed P2 of VEP latency might be state markers of OCD, while decreased V amplitude and delayed V of ABR latency might be trait markers of OCD. Conclusion The changes of P300 and VEP are related to clinical status of OCD patients, while the association between ABR and OCD symptoms need to be further investigated.
文摘Colza is a relatively new crop for North Kazakhstan. The increase of colza seeds production is restricted by its cultivation technology imperfection. Empiric model of colza for seeds cultivation is designed, allowing using its maximum potential. It was found out that correct preceding crops selection, optimization of norms and dates of colza seeding provide seeds heavy weight crops, reducing crops production cost and increasing cost efficiency at 62% average.
基金supported by the Mexican Association of Pediatrics(AMP).
文摘Background Respiratory syncytial virus infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under two years of age.Thus,the objective of this consensus document is to analyze and discuss current scientific evidence and generate recommendations that reflect the position of a prominent national pediatric professional association regarding the benefits and impact of immunoprophylaxis in pregnant women and infants on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus-related respiratory disease in Mexico and Latin America.Data sources Following an academic consensus model,the available scientific literature on current or controversial topics was compiled and critically analyzed.The process adhered to the Guidelines for the Development of Consensus Documents and incorporated recommendations and critical appraisal criteria from the European Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation initiative.Multidisciplinary and representative teams were formed from several national professional associations.The studies and manuscripts included in this review were selected via keywords such as respiratory syncytial virus,vaccine,monoclonal antibodies,maternal vaccine,safety and efficacy in vaccine,and vaccine compliance across databases,with priority given to articles published between January 2019 and May 2025.The process included one in-person meeting and one virtual meeting.Results A total of nine questions,which were considered unresolved in previous respiratory syncytial virus-related consensus documents,were formulated,covering the time,dose,cost-effectiveness and other perspectives.Each one was addressed through an updated literature review and critical appraisal.The findings and resulting recommendations were presented along with their corresponding level of evidence according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation.Conclusions Both maternal respiratory syncytial virus vaccination(RSVpreF)and passive immunization with nirsevimab demonstrate robust efficacy and favorable safety,protecting newborns and infants from severe respiratory syncytial virus infections.The document provides actionable,evidence-based recommendations tailored for the Latin American healthcare context,aiming to reduce severe respiratory syncytial virus disease incidence and improve national infant health outcomes.
基金supported by Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2023CXGC010612)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology(No.SKL202304)+2 种基金Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.QDBSH20230202004)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202400272)Textile Plus Joint Research Pro-gram of Qingdao University(No.FZ2024101).
文摘Lyocell is a type of regenerated cellulose fiber with an eco-friendly production process and de-sirable properties.However,it is susceptible to fibrillation,which often results in pilling and di-minished color appearance after laundering.Conventional anti-fibrillation methods are plagued by drawbacks such as significant strength loss,low utilization rates,formaldehyde release,and yellowing.To overcome these challenges,we developed an innovative approach involving the treatment of lyocell fibers with a cationic modifier(CM),poly(diallyldimethylammonium chlo-ride),followed by the application of anionic polyacrylic acid emulsions(AEs).The effects of AE concentration,curing temperature,and curing time on anti-fibrillation performance were sys-tematically evaluated.Through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),zeta potential,X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy(XPS),and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)analyses,we demonstrated that the anionic latex was effectively adsorbed onto the CM-treated fiber surface via electrostatic interactions.Upon curing,a discontinuous film formed on the fiber surface,which hindered wa-ter penetration and enhanced lateral cohesion between microfibrils under wet conditions.As a result,the modified fabrics exhibited markedly improved anti-fibrillation performance without compromising mechanical properties or whiteness.Furthermore,the air permeability of wet fab-rics increased by 46.4%,and dyeing properties and glossiness were markedly enhanced.The results also indicate that this treatment has good abrasion resistance and durability.This study introduces a sustainable strategy for achieving multifunctional performance and green dyeability in cellulose textiles,thereby expanding their potential applications.
文摘China is building a model project of digital government with the fully digitalized electronic invoices(FDEls)at the core.Through the"unified national e-invoice service platform",online invoice collection,automatic quota allocation and direct connection with enterprises can be achieved,which can reduce cost,enhance efficiency and promote digital transformation of enterprises.Relying on the precise supervision system of"data+rules,which covers hundreds of millions of trusted identity subjects,the platform can prevent and control risks in real time and align with international standards.The reform has achieved remarkable results:it has covered 95%of enterprises across the country,saved over RMB100 billion in costs annually,and reduced 30 billion paper invoices.Breakthrough innovations,including reconstructing the traditional invoice ecosystem,building the largest information technology innovation cloud platform and digital identity system,and promoting the internationalization of independent tax algorithms,have provided the Chinese solution for"data-driven tax governance"to the world,and contributed to high-quality development andhigh-levelopeningup.
基金supported by the United States Department of Energy(grant No.DOE-DE-EE0009125).
文摘Cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)have garnered increased attention due to their renewable nature,abundant feedstock availbility,and good mechanical properties.However,one of the bottlenecks for its commercial production is the drying process.Because of the low CNC concentrations in suspension after isolation,CNC drying requires the removal of a large amount of water to obtain dry products for the following utilization and saving shipping costs.A novel multi-frequency,multimode,modulated ultrasonic drying technology was developed for CNC drying to improve product quality,reduce energy consumption,and increase production rate.CNCs dried with dif-ferent drying technologies were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra anal-ysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and redispersibility to measure the quality and property changes.Under the same temperature and airflow rate,ultrasonic drying enhanced drying rates,resulting in at least a 50%reduction in drying time compared to hot air drying.The mean particle sizes of CNC from ultrasonic drying changed little with settling time,indicating good redispersibility.In addition,ultrasonic dried CNCs exhibited good stability in aqueous solutions,with the zeta potentials rang-ing from-35 to-65 mV.Specific energy consumption and CO_(2) emissions of various CNC drying technologies were evaluated.Energy consumption of ultrasonic drying is significantly reduced compared to other drying technologies.Moreover,the potential CO_(2) emissions of the fully elec-trified ultrasonic drying could be net zero if renewable electricity is used.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0201800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22274169 and 22474161)+5 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030160)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City(No.2023B03J1380)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(No.GJHZ20210705142200001)the Scientific Technology Project of Guangzhou City(No.202103000003)the Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2020B1212060077)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University.
文摘Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)membrane protein profile(sEVpp)is a novel biomarker for cancer,and it can reveal the in-depth phenotype information.The point-of-care testing(POCT)of sEVpp holds great significance for mass screening of cancer,so the cost-effective and simple detection methods of sEVpp are urgently demanded.Herein,we constructed a paper-based multichannel sEVpp POCT device(sEVpp-PAD)enabled by functional DNA probes and metal-organic framework(MOF).The core components are aptamer/MOF-modified paper chips.The modified aptamers can immunocapture the sEV expressing corresponding proteins,while the modified MOF can provide abundant sites for aptamer-modification,reduce the nonspecific protein absorption,and act as reference for ratiometric detection.Simply powered by two syringes,the sEVpp-PAD can efficiently capture sEVs expressing corresponding protein from cell culture media and sera.Furthermore,a detection probe(DP)consisted of CD63 aptamer and G-quadruplex was developed for the colorimetric detection of captured sEVs.Utilizing this device,the sEVpp in various hepatocellular carcinoma cell culture medium and,more importantly,in human sera can be accurately determined,only with$2 device,$0.2 detection reagents and 1.8 h procedure.This simple strategy for sEVpp detection can innovatively promote the POCT and subtyping of cancer based on sEV-related liquid biopsy.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(49060010,40372023,41330101)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2006CB806401,2013CB835002,2015FY310100,12002CC2600)+3 种基金the National Commission on Stratigraphy of China(95-Special Project-01-1-6,DD20160120-04)the State Key Laboratory on Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(20191101)the Guizhou Bureau of Science and Technology(CGSCFG-2010-7001Gui.Sci.Tal.[2017]5788)。
文摘The International Commission on Stratigraphy and the IUGS Executive Committee have recently ratified a Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point(GSSP)defining the conterminous base of the third series and the fifth stage of the Cambrian System.The series and the stage are respectively named the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage,after the Maioling Mountains in southeastern Guizhou and the Wuliu sidehill,Jianhe County,in eastern Guizhou Province,South China,where the GSSP is located.The GSSP is exposed in a natural outcrop near the Balang Village at a position of 26o44.843'N latitude and 108o24.830'E longitude.It is defined at the base of a silty mudstone layer 52.8 m above the base of the Kaili Formation in the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section,coinciding with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan oryctocephalid trilobite Oryctocephalus indicus(base of the O.indicus Zone).Secondary global markers at or near the base of the series and stage include the peak of a rather large negative carbon isotopic excursion(ROECE excursion),the simultaneous appearance of many acanthomorphic acritarch forms,a transgressive phase of a major eustatic event,and the last appearance of intercontinental polymerid trilobites,either Bathynotus or Ovatoryctocara.Faunal turnovers close to the base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage have been recognized as being at the base of the Oryctocephalus indicus Zone of Amgan Stage in Siberia,the Delamaran Stage in Laurentia,the Oryctocephalus indicus Zone in the Indian Himalaya and North Greenland,near the base of the Delamaran Stage in Australia,and within the Eccaparadocides sdzuyi Zone in Iberia and the Ornamentaspis frequens Zone in Morocco.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION By using degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) method, the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of transparent media can be conventionally measured. Nonlinear properties of media in ground state are well known, but those in exciting state are less studied. When a medium absorbs incident radiation, a part of population can be excited into high exciting state. In DFWM this resonant enhancement effect can be used to increase the third-
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11534010, 11504378 and 11474287)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS, China (QYZDY-SSW-SLH021)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of the MOST of China (2016YFA0300201 and 2017YFA0303001)the Hefei Science Center, CAS (2016HSC-IU001)the Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology (2017FXCX001)
文摘Different instabilities have been confirmed to exist in the three-dimensional(3D) electron gas when it is confined to the lowest Landau level in the extreme quantum limit. The recently discovered 3D topological semimetals offer a good platform to explore these phenomena due to the small sizes of their Fermi pockets, which means the quantum limit can be achieved at relatively low magnetic fields. In this work, we report the high-magnetic-field transport properties of the Dirac semimetal state in pressurized black phosphorus. Under applied hydrostatic pressure, the band structure of black phosphorus goes through an insulator-semimetal transition. In the high pressure topological semimetal phase, anomalous behaviors are observed on both magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity beyond the relatively low quantum limit field, which is demonstrated to indicate the emergence of an exotic electronic state hosting a density wave ordering. Our findings bring the first insight into the electronic interactions in black phosphorus under intense field.
文摘The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)has just released the World Investment Report 2021.According to the report,China remains the world’s second largest recipient of foreign direct investment(FDI),with its FDI inflows increasing by 6%over the previous year to US$149 billion in 2020,against the backdrop of a significant drop in global FDI inflows due to the COVID-19 epidemic.
