Introduction Korea Institute of Sport Science (KISS,formerly named as Korea Sport Science Institute:KSSI) was established on December 29th,1980 to perform research and provide support for better performance of the na...Introduction Korea Institute of Sport Science (KISS,formerly named as Korea Sport Science Institute:KSSI) was established on December 29th,1980 to perform research and provide support for better performance of the national athletes.KISS had clear objective of supporting scientifi c training of national athletes for successful hosting of 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Olympics,both were to be held in Seoul,Korea. The objective was successfully achieved with strong support from the government.展开更多
The present study has been conducted in order to determine the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences and performing sports, and thus to find out whe...The present study has been conducted in order to determine the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences and performing sports, and thus to find out whether certain variables such as their branch, department and families have an effect on their self-compassion levels. The ＂Self-compassion Scale＂ was used as the data collection tool in the study. In the present study, when the self-compassion levels of the students of the faculties of sports sciences were evaluated by various variables, it was found that the self-compassion levels of the students of Mugla University were significantly higher than those of the students of Ankara University, that the self-compassion levels of the students studying in the department of teaching were higher than those of the students studying in the department of coaching, and that the self-compassion levels of the students performing the branch of football were significantly higher than those of the students performing the branch of volleyball. When the students were compared based on the cities they live, it was found that the students living in the province of Mugla had significantly higher levels of self-compassion comparing to the students living in the province Ankara. Consequently, it was determined that the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences were moderate, and that the differences in the province, department and the sports branch had an effect on the levels of self-compassion.展开更多
Sport-related concussion(SRC)and its potential neurological sequela represent an emerging global health concern,requiring improved recovery management and strategies for return-to-play(RTP)to enhance brain health in a...Sport-related concussion(SRC)and its potential neurological sequela represent an emerging global health concern,requiring improved recovery management and strategies for return-to-play(RTP)to enhance brain health in athletes.Given the dynamic and multifaceted nature of SRC recovery,the purpose of this review is to synthesize existing literature on post-SRC outcomes in adult athletes,and to outline the temporal trajectories of key recovery indicators(symptoms,cognitive function,blood biomarkers)across distinct recovery phases until resolution.In the acute phase of SRC(first 48 h),symptom scores and brain damage markers peaked immediately,while cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation emerged with a slight delay.Following the initial rise,brain damage marker concentrations rapidly dropped below baseline levels at approximately 48 h following SRC injury.During the early recovery phase,neuroinflammation and most cognitive alterations resolved after 3–5 days,though symptom burden and attention deficits persisted for up to 7 days.Despite prolonged alterations reported in some individuals,recovery markers typically returned to pre-injury levels in the transition phase(≤2 weeks),though mild attention deficits were detected up to 3 weeks,and TNF-α concentrations remained elevated throughout late recovery(>2 weeks).These results reveal distinct temporal discrepancies across recovery markers and emphasize that physiological disturbances can outlast symptom resolution,underscoring the need for both multimodal assessments and appropriately timed evaluations to accurately track recovery progression.Incorporating structured follow-ups at key time points,particularly beyond symptom resolution,may improve RTP decision-making and reduce the risk of premature return and long-term neurological consequences.展开更多
Gold Medals in Summer Qlympics Measures A 1) Program to develop junior athletes to top level 2) National Training Center 3) National Coach Academy B 1) Sports medicine and sciences(JISS) 2) Anti-doping 3) To hold inte...Gold Medals in Summer Qlympics Measures A 1) Program to develop junior athletes to top level 2) National Training Center 3) National Coach Academy B 1) Sports medicine and sciences(JISS) 2) Anti-doping 3) To hold international展开更多
We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic ...We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic performance.2Their attention to methodological details,particularly concerning the inclusion and timing of warm-up protocols across studies,is commendable and contributes meaningfully to the ongoing refinement of IPC research in sports science.展开更多
Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circum...Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circumstances.This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts,mechanisms,and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE,Embase,and SPORTDiscus databases.Included studies:(a)were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs,(b)targeted men aged 18+years,and(c)reported 1 or more HP outcomes.A grey literature search was also performed.Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor.Hereafter,context-mechanism-outcome(CMO)configurations were developed.Results We identified and screened 3358 studies,finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions.Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries,included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity,and used professional sports clubs(mostly football)for recruitment and facilities.Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions.Of these 19 interventions,the majority reported on weight(n=18),physical activity(n=12),mental health(n=10),and diet(n=9).We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment,engagement,and health behavior maintenance.Conclusion Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men.Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs’identity,addressing masculinity-related barriers,improving accessibility,and building trust.Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences,safe spaces,inclusive competition,and self-efficacy.However,there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention,though involving community stakeholders seemed vital.In general,considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms,which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.These findings can guide intervention development,emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.展开更多
Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have inves...Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition,but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation,thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects.Therefore,the aims of this study were to assess the impact of the IPC intervention,compared to both placebo and no intervention,on exercise capacity and athletic performance.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus,Cochrane Library,and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS)covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted.To qualify for inclusion,studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention,comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions.Outcomes of interest were performance(force,number of repetitions,power,time to exhaustion,and time trial performance),physiological measurements(maximum oxygen consumption,and heart rate),or perceptual measurements(RPE).For each outcome measure,we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses(IPC vs.placebo,IPC vs.control,placebo vs.control)using an inverse-variance random-effects model.The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference(SMD),accompanied by their respective 95%confidence intervals.Additionally,we employed the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.Results:Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis.Overall,IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition(using a low-pressure tourniquet),irrespective of the subjects'training level(all outcomes presenting p>0.05),except for the outcome of time to exhaustion,which exhibits a small magnitude effect(SMD=0.37;p=0.002).Additionally,the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition(outcome:number of repetitions;SMD=0.45;p=0.03),suggesting a potential influence of participants'cognitive perception on the outcomes.However,the evidence is of moderate to low certainty,regardless of the comparison or outcome.Conclusion:IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention,but it did not surpass the placebo condition.Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject,and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.展开更多
Background:Sport climbing is becoming incredibly popular both in the general population and among athletes.No consensus exists regarding evidence-based sport-specific performance evaluation;therefore,this systematic r...Background:Sport climbing is becoming incredibly popular both in the general population and among athletes.No consensus exists regarding evidence-based sport-specific performance evaluation;therefore,this systematic review was aimed at analyzing determinants of sport climbing performance and evaluation methods by comparing climbers of different levels.Methods:PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science were searched up to December 20,2022.Studies providing the self-reported climbing ability associated with different functional outcomes in groups of climbers of contiguous performance levels were eligible.Results:74 studies were finally included.Various methods have been proposed to evaluate determinants of sport climbing performance.Climbing-specific assessments were able to discriminate climbers of different levels when compared to general functional tests.Test validity resulted high for climbing-specific cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength,-endurance,and-power;similarly,reliability was good except for cardiorespiratory endurance.Climbing-specific flexibility assessment resulted in high reliability but moderate validity,whereas balance showed low validity.Considerable conflicting evidence was found regarding anthropometric characteristics.Conclusion:The present analysis identified cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength,-endurance,and-power as determinants of sport climbing performance.In contrast,balance,flexibility,and anthropometric characteristics seem to count less.This review also proposes an evidence-based Functional Sport Climbing test battery for asses sing performance determinants,which includes tests that have been identified to be valid,reliable,and feasible.While athletes and coaches should rely on evidence-based and standardized evaluation methods,researchers may design specific large-scale trials as a resource for providing additional,homogenous,and comparable data to improve scientific evidence and professionalism in this popular sport discipline.展开更多
Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of ex...Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance(anxiety,depression,and stress).Methods:Conducted in January 2025,the research recruited 4125 adolescents from multiple Chinese provinces through convenience sampling;after data cleaning,3957 valid participants(1959 males,1998 females)were included.Using a cross-sectional design,measures included parental marital conflict,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,stress,and short video dependence.Results:Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among all variables.Mediation analysis using the SPSS PROCESS macro showed that parental marital conflict directly predicted short video dependence(β=0.269,p<0.001),and also significantly predicted experiential avoidance(β=0.519,p<0.001),anxiety(β=0.072,p<0.001),depression(β=0.067,p<0.001),and stress(β=0.048,p<0.05).Experiential avoidance further predicted anxiety(β=0.521,p<0.001),depression(β=0.489,p<0.001),stress(β=0.408,p<0.001),and short video dependence(β=0.244,p<0.001).While both anxiety(β=0.050,p<0.05)and depression(β=0.116,p<0.001)positively predicted short video dependence,stress did not(β=0.019,p=0.257).Overall,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,and stress significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and short video dependence.Conclusion:These findings confirm that parental marital conflict not only directly influences adolescent short video dependence but also operates through a chain mediation pathway involving experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance,highlighting central psychological mechanisms and providing theoretical support for integrated mental health and behavioral interventions.展开更多
Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmenta...Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmental acclimatization(slow ascent and/or pre-acclimatization)or pharmacological support of acclimatization using acetazolamide.However,these strategies are not practical for high-altitude exposures that require rapid and unplanned ascent,high physical and mental performance,such as rescue missions or military operations.Dexamethasone and other modulators of the glucocorticoid system take effect quickly and are effective alternatives for preventing acute altitude illnesses when rapidly ascending to high altitudes.As the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing acute mountain illnesses remains controversial,a review of existing studies on the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness was conducted,aiming to determine the best strategy.Possible mechanisms of protection against acute altitude illnesses are discussed based on the results of clinical trials.The data indicate that dexamethasone is most effective at altitudes above 4000 m at doses of 8–16 mg/d.Appropriately designed and powered trials are needed to obtain more evidence-based results on the dosage and timing of dexamethasone administration,and to provide optimized recommendations for the application of this powerful pharmacological tool.展开更多
Purpose: Normobaric hypoxia(NH) is a frequent strategy for training under hypoxic conditions that can be administered through different equipment, including face masks or hypoxic chambers/tents. Nonetheless, the versa...Purpose: Normobaric hypoxia(NH) is a frequent strategy for training under hypoxic conditions that can be administered through different equipment, including face masks or hypoxic chambers/tents. Nonetheless, the versatility of administration methods may influence the outcomes.Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Pub Med/MEDLINE were searched to identify studies assessing the effect of NH administered by face mask or chamber/tent equipment on maximal oxygen uptake( VO2max) after a training period. An overall meta-analysis and sub-analysis of total program session volume(low, moderate, high), participants' training level(trained, active, sedentary), and the severity of hypoxia(moderate, severe) were conducted to explore the effects of the NH-administration system.Results: Eighteen studies were included. Compared with normoxia, NH showed a moderate global improvement in VO2max(standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74;p = 0.06), favoring the chamber/tent(SMD = 1.30;p< 0.01) over the face mask. Sub-analysis showed a very large effect in support of the hypoxic chamber/tent among sedentary individuals and training programs with a high volume of sessions. Severe hypoxia did not yield conclusive findings in VO2max improvements, although the chamber/tent proved more effective(SMD = 1.42;p< 0.01) than the face mask under moderate hypoxia.Conclusions: Chambers/tents may slightly accentuate the benefit of NH on aerobic performance, particularly in participants with limited training experience following a high volume of sessions under moderate hypoxia.However, the variability of sub-analysis factors(session volume, participants' training level, and methodological approaches) between studies using each type of hypoxia-generating equipment may influence this result.展开更多
Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigat...Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contribu...Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].展开更多
This study compared the acute effects of electrical energy transfer(TECAR) and transcutaneous electrical stimulation(TENS) on pain and flexibility after a hamstring injury. Young athletes received either a 20 min TECA...This study compared the acute effects of electrical energy transfer(TECAR) and transcutaneous electrical stimulation(TENS) on pain and flexibility after a hamstring injury. Young athletes received either a 20 min TECAR(n = 24) or TENS(n = 26) session within 5 days following a hamstring injury, while the control(CON, n = 25)group was instructed to rest. Visual analogue scale(VAS), functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries(FASH), straight leg raise test(SLR), and sit-and-reach scores(STR) were obtained prior to, immediately,24, and 48 h after therapy. Group differences were detected after therapy in VAS and FASH scores(p < 0.05).Compared to pre-therapy measurements, VAS scores showed a greater decrease in the TECAR group(-38.75% to-63.33%) than in the TENS group(-16.67% to-25.00%) and both were greater than in the CON group(-2.81%to-9.81%)(p < 0.05). The TECAR group improved FASH scores(28.57%–48.21%) more than the TENS group(15.89%–27.79%) and both groups more than the CON group(0%–8.33%)(p < 0.05). The increase in SLR and STR was greater in the TECAR group(6.26%–13.96%) than in the TENS(1.72%–9.53%) and CON groups(0%–3.03%). These results suggest that in the acute phase of hamstring injury, the use of TECAR and, to a lesser extent, TENS may relieve pain symptoms and bring some improvements in flexibility more than instructing patients to rest.展开更多
Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,d...Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,disrupting proteostasis and increasing vulnerability to sarcopenia.High-intensity training(HIT)can counteract these declines by activating protective pathways such as the HSP response.HSPs are highly responsive to stress,examining their regulation during aging is important,as altered HSP activity is linked to the progressive loss of muscle mass.Methods This study investigated the abundance and phosphorylation of HSPs in skeletal muscle from healthy,active young and older adults(n=7 per group),assessed at baseline and again in the older group following 12 weeks of HIT.Using calibrated Western blotting on both whole-muscle homogenates and pooled single muscle fibres,we quantified HSP content and phosphorylation to determine how aging and exercise influence stress–responsive protein regulation at both the tissue and cellular levels.Results In whole muscle homogenates,HSPs(HSP72,HSP27,andαB-crystallin)did not differ between young and older adults,while higher phosphorylation of small HSPs(sHSPs):phospho-HSP27 at Serine15(pHSP27 Ser15)and phospho-αB-crystallin at Serine59(pαB-crystallin Ser59)(∼1.8-fold and∼2.9-fold,respectively)were found in muscle from older adults,indicating higher cellular stress associated with aging.A 12-week HIT intervention in older adults reduced homogenate pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 abundances to similar levels found in young adults.Total HSPs typically displayed a distinct fiber-type profile in both age groups,with more in type I compared to type II fibers,distinguished by the presence of myosin heavy chain I(MHCI)or MHCII.Phosphorylation at pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 was not different between type I and type II fibers.The HIT in older adults decreased total and phosphorylated sHSPs in both type I and type II fibers but increased HSP72 in type I fibers.Conclusion HIT has the potential to mitigate age-related cellular stress and modulate protein expression patterns in aging skeletal muscle and,perhaps,has the potential to delay age-related muscle decline,thereby improving muscle health in older adults.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespir...Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in postoperative patients.Methods From October 2022 to April 2024,62 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.After baseline assessments of cardiorespiratory endurance and exercise function,the intervention group received a digitalized personalized exercise prescription combined with remote monitoring rehabilitation.This included an exercise prescription delivered via a mobile application,weekly remote monitoring sessions with an exercise therapist to supervise prescription adherence,provide feedback based on real-time electrocardiographic data,and make personalized adjustments to the exercise prescription based on this information.The control group received an application-delivered exercise movement library and a wearable electrocardiogram device for self-monitoring of exercise intensity.Both groups underwent the 12-week intervention.Changes in maximal oxygen uptake and quality of life were evaluated at enrollment,as well as at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks after the intervention commenced.Results A total of 58 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=30],the control group[n=28]).Twelve weeks after the interventions,the intervention group showed statistically improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.247,P=0.025),general health(Z=2.126,P=0.033)and social functioning(Z=3.349,P=0.001)compared to the control group.At 24 weeks of follow-up,the intervention group continued to exhibit statistically significant improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.017,P=0.044)and social functioning(Z=3.126,P=0.002).The exercise duration of patients in the intervention group during the exercise test was significantly prolonged at both 4 weeks(Z=−2.420,P=0.021),12 weeks(Z=−2.240,P=0.029)and 24weeks(Z=−2.300,P=0.025)showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusions This study provides new evidence-based support for the practical effectiveness of nurses acting as supervisors of rehabilitation implementation and coordinators of multidisciplinary teams within a remote digital cardiac rehabilitation model,underscoring their significant value in the secondary prevention management system for cardiovascular diseases in the information era.展开更多
Background:This paper aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the effects of resistance training(RT)performed at longer-muscle length(LML)versus shorter-muscle length(SML)on proxy measurements for long...Background:This paper aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the effects of resistance training(RT)performed at longer-muscle length(LML)versus shorter-muscle length(SML)on proxy measurements for longitudinal hypertrophy.Methods:We included studies that satisfied the following criteria:(1)be a resistance training intervention with a comparison of LML vs SML-RT;(2)assess both fascicle length(FL)and muscle size pre-and post-intervention;(3)involve healthy adults aged≥18 years;(4)be published in an English-language journal,and;(5)have a minimum training intervention duration of 4 weeks.Three databases were searched in February 2024(Google Scholar,PubMed/Medline,Scopus)for relevant articles,alongside'forward'and'backward'citation searching of articles included and additions via authors'personal knowledge.The results of studies were described narratively,compared,and contrasted.Eight studies met the inclusion criteria,totaling a sample size of 120.Results:Our results suggest that both muscle size and fascicle length increases may be greater following LML-RT versus SML-RT,suggesting LML-RT may lead to greater longitudinal hypertrophy than SML-RT.Notably,evidence is largely mixed;no studies to date have attempted to estimate serial sarcomere number changes from LML versus SML-RT,and all but one study used linear extrapolation methods to estimate FL,which has questionable validity.Therefore,the structural adaptations underlying hypertrophy from LML-RT remain undetermined.Conclusion:In conclusion,results suggest that LML-RT may be superior to SML-RT for inducing muscle hypertrophy and,more specifically,longitudinal growth,though evidence is mixed.展开更多
The meniscus plays an important role in the biomechanical function of the knee joint,but knee osteoarthritis(OA)deteriorates the mechanical properties of the meniscus.Thus understanding the mechanical behaviour of the...The meniscus plays an important role in the biomechanical function of the knee joint,but knee osteoarthritis(OA)deteriorates the mechanical properties of the meniscus.Thus understanding the mechanical behaviour of the OA meniscus is very important.This study aimed to assess the quasi-static nonlinear mechanical behaviours of the three zones of the OA meniscus by a proposed meso-indentation method,and further to investigate its nonlinear mechanical responses under the stance.Four pairs of menisci were harvested from OA patients during total knee arthroplasty.One pair of the menisci was first used for the histological analysis.Binocular fringe projection technology was then employed to reconstruct the morphology of the other three pairs of the menisci.Subsequently,a meso-indentation method was proposed to characterize the nonlinear behaviors of the meniscus zones,moreover,the hyperelastic model(HEM)together with the Hertz’s elastic model(EM)was used to fit the indentation force-depth curves of the meniscus zones.Furthermore,the fitted HEM and EM materials parameters were used to simulate the mechanical response of the meniscus in the stance by two simplified meniscus models.The results showed that the type III collagen widely existed in the OA menisci,and the red-white zone exhibited the best mechanical performance,and the 3-term Mooney-Rivlin model was the best descriptor for the nonlinear mechanical characterization of the three zones.Moreover,the stress or strain distributions of the simplified meniscus models differed significantly between the HEM and EM under the stance,and the EM underestimated the mechanical behaviours of the meniscus.The current work generally provides a novel testing method to study the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of soft biological materials,and is specifically helpful to understand the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the OA meniscus for which the HEM should be used in the meniscus-related biomechanical studies.展开更多
Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focu...Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focus on their effects on recovery metrics,particularly how they influence sleep quality,perceived wellness,and athletic performance.Despite anecdotal evidence of its efficacy,rigorous comparative studies are scarce.Objective:This study aimed to evaluates and compare the effects of WCT and DCT on endurance,perceived wellness,exertion levels,and sleep quality among young,active males,addressing the gap in the literature regarding CT's efficacy in sports performance and recovery.Methods:Thirty-two amateur runners were randomly divided into two groups:one followed WCT sessions and the other followed DCT sessions.The study assessed the interventions'impacts on endurance performance(Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test),sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index),and perceived exertion(Borg CR10 Scale).Heart rate was measured using a Polar H10 sensor to gauge physiological responses during physical tests.Results:Significant improvements were observed in the WCT group for sleep latency(%change=-82.31%;interaction group×time p=0.006;Cohen's d=0.74)and sleep disturbance(%change=-68.70%;interaction group×time p<0.001;Cohen's d=1.09),suggesting enhanced sleep quality(global score;%change=-52.81;interaction group×time p=0.004;Cohen's d=0.77).However,no significant differences were found in direct performance metrics(distance,maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen uptake)between WCT and DCT groups.These findings highlight WCT's potential as a recovery aid,particularly through improved sleep,without directly influencing endurance performance outcomes.Conclusion:WCT may serve as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes by potentially improving sleep quality and reducing perceived exertion,thus contributing indirectly to performance through enhanced recovery.展开更多
文摘Introduction Korea Institute of Sport Science (KISS,formerly named as Korea Sport Science Institute:KSSI) was established on December 29th,1980 to perform research and provide support for better performance of the national athletes.KISS had clear objective of supporting scientifi c training of national athletes for successful hosting of 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Olympics,both were to be held in Seoul,Korea. The objective was successfully achieved with strong support from the government.
文摘The present study has been conducted in order to determine the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences and performing sports, and thus to find out whether certain variables such as their branch, department and families have an effect on their self-compassion levels. The ＂Self-compassion Scale＂ was used as the data collection tool in the study. In the present study, when the self-compassion levels of the students of the faculties of sports sciences were evaluated by various variables, it was found that the self-compassion levels of the students of Mugla University were significantly higher than those of the students of Ankara University, that the self-compassion levels of the students studying in the department of teaching were higher than those of the students studying in the department of coaching, and that the self-compassion levels of the students performing the branch of football were significantly higher than those of the students performing the branch of volleyball. When the students were compared based on the cities they live, it was found that the students living in the province of Mugla had significantly higher levels of self-compassion comparing to the students living in the province Ankara. Consequently, it was determined that the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences were moderate, and that the differences in the province, department and the sports branch had an effect on the levels of self-compassion.
文摘Sport-related concussion(SRC)and its potential neurological sequela represent an emerging global health concern,requiring improved recovery management and strategies for return-to-play(RTP)to enhance brain health in athletes.Given the dynamic and multifaceted nature of SRC recovery,the purpose of this review is to synthesize existing literature on post-SRC outcomes in adult athletes,and to outline the temporal trajectories of key recovery indicators(symptoms,cognitive function,blood biomarkers)across distinct recovery phases until resolution.In the acute phase of SRC(first 48 h),symptom scores and brain damage markers peaked immediately,while cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation emerged with a slight delay.Following the initial rise,brain damage marker concentrations rapidly dropped below baseline levels at approximately 48 h following SRC injury.During the early recovery phase,neuroinflammation and most cognitive alterations resolved after 3–5 days,though symptom burden and attention deficits persisted for up to 7 days.Despite prolonged alterations reported in some individuals,recovery markers typically returned to pre-injury levels in the transition phase(≤2 weeks),though mild attention deficits were detected up to 3 weeks,and TNF-α concentrations remained elevated throughout late recovery(>2 weeks).These results reveal distinct temporal discrepancies across recovery markers and emphasize that physiological disturbances can outlast symptom resolution,underscoring the need for both multimodal assessments and appropriately timed evaluations to accurately track recovery progression.Incorporating structured follow-ups at key time points,particularly beyond symptom resolution,may improve RTP decision-making and reduce the risk of premature return and long-term neurological consequences.
文摘Gold Medals in Summer Qlympics Measures A 1) Program to develop junior athletes to top level 2) National Training Center 3) National Coach Academy B 1) Sports medicine and sciences(JISS) 2) Anti-doping 3) To hold international
文摘We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic performance.2Their attention to methodological details,particularly concerning the inclusion and timing of warm-up protocols across studies,is commendable and contributes meaningfully to the ongoing refinement of IPC research in sports science.
基金supported by the 5 Steno Diabetes Centers in Denmark,which are partly funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation.
文摘Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circumstances.This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts,mechanisms,and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE,Embase,and SPORTDiscus databases.Included studies:(a)were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs,(b)targeted men aged 18+years,and(c)reported 1 or more HP outcomes.A grey literature search was also performed.Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor.Hereafter,context-mechanism-outcome(CMO)configurations were developed.Results We identified and screened 3358 studies,finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions.Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries,included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity,and used professional sports clubs(mostly football)for recruitment and facilities.Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions.Of these 19 interventions,the majority reported on weight(n=18),physical activity(n=12),mental health(n=10),and diet(n=9).We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment,engagement,and health behavior maintenance.Conclusion Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men.Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs’identity,addressing masculinity-related barriers,improving accessibility,and building trust.Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences,safe spaces,inclusive competition,and self-efficacy.However,there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention,though involving community stakeholders seemed vital.In general,considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms,which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.These findings can guide intervention development,emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.
基金partially supported by the State Funding Agency of Minas Gerais,Brazil(FAPEMIG),Process No.APQ-01811-21supported by Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung(AvH)/Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)+1 种基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq(Process No.308138/2022-8)supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq(Process No.BPD-00905-22).
文摘Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition,but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation,thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects.Therefore,the aims of this study were to assess the impact of the IPC intervention,compared to both placebo and no intervention,on exercise capacity and athletic performance.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus,Cochrane Library,and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS)covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted.To qualify for inclusion,studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention,comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions.Outcomes of interest were performance(force,number of repetitions,power,time to exhaustion,and time trial performance),physiological measurements(maximum oxygen consumption,and heart rate),or perceptual measurements(RPE).For each outcome measure,we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses(IPC vs.placebo,IPC vs.control,placebo vs.control)using an inverse-variance random-effects model.The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference(SMD),accompanied by their respective 95%confidence intervals.Additionally,we employed the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.Results:Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis.Overall,IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition(using a low-pressure tourniquet),irrespective of the subjects'training level(all outcomes presenting p>0.05),except for the outcome of time to exhaustion,which exhibits a small magnitude effect(SMD=0.37;p=0.002).Additionally,the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition(outcome:number of repetitions;SMD=0.45;p=0.03),suggesting a potential influence of participants'cognitive perception on the outcomes.However,the evidence is of moderate to low certainty,regardless of the comparison or outcome.Conclusion:IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention,but it did not surpass the placebo condition.Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject,and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.
文摘Background:Sport climbing is becoming incredibly popular both in the general population and among athletes.No consensus exists regarding evidence-based sport-specific performance evaluation;therefore,this systematic review was aimed at analyzing determinants of sport climbing performance and evaluation methods by comparing climbers of different levels.Methods:PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science were searched up to December 20,2022.Studies providing the self-reported climbing ability associated with different functional outcomes in groups of climbers of contiguous performance levels were eligible.Results:74 studies were finally included.Various methods have been proposed to evaluate determinants of sport climbing performance.Climbing-specific assessments were able to discriminate climbers of different levels when compared to general functional tests.Test validity resulted high for climbing-specific cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength,-endurance,and-power;similarly,reliability was good except for cardiorespiratory endurance.Climbing-specific flexibility assessment resulted in high reliability but moderate validity,whereas balance showed low validity.Considerable conflicting evidence was found regarding anthropometric characteristics.Conclusion:The present analysis identified cardiorespiratory endurance as well as muscular-strength,-endurance,and-power as determinants of sport climbing performance.In contrast,balance,flexibility,and anthropometric characteristics seem to count less.This review also proposes an evidence-based Functional Sport Climbing test battery for asses sing performance determinants,which includes tests that have been identified to be valid,reliable,and feasible.While athletes and coaches should rely on evidence-based and standardized evaluation methods,researchers may design specific large-scale trials as a resource for providing additional,homogenous,and comparable data to improve scientific evidence and professionalism in this popular sport discipline.
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
文摘Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance(anxiety,depression,and stress).Methods:Conducted in January 2025,the research recruited 4125 adolescents from multiple Chinese provinces through convenience sampling;after data cleaning,3957 valid participants(1959 males,1998 females)were included.Using a cross-sectional design,measures included parental marital conflict,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,stress,and short video dependence.Results:Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among all variables.Mediation analysis using the SPSS PROCESS macro showed that parental marital conflict directly predicted short video dependence(β=0.269,p<0.001),and also significantly predicted experiential avoidance(β=0.519,p<0.001),anxiety(β=0.072,p<0.001),depression(β=0.067,p<0.001),and stress(β=0.048,p<0.05).Experiential avoidance further predicted anxiety(β=0.521,p<0.001),depression(β=0.489,p<0.001),stress(β=0.408,p<0.001),and short video dependence(β=0.244,p<0.001).While both anxiety(β=0.050,p<0.05)and depression(β=0.116,p<0.001)positively predicted short video dependence,stress did not(β=0.019,p=0.257).Overall,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,and stress significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and short video dependence.Conclusion:These findings confirm that parental marital conflict not only directly influences adolescent short video dependence but also operates through a chain mediation pathway involving experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance,highlighting central psychological mechanisms and providing theoretical support for integrated mental health and behavioral interventions.
文摘Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmental acclimatization(slow ascent and/or pre-acclimatization)or pharmacological support of acclimatization using acetazolamide.However,these strategies are not practical for high-altitude exposures that require rapid and unplanned ascent,high physical and mental performance,such as rescue missions or military operations.Dexamethasone and other modulators of the glucocorticoid system take effect quickly and are effective alternatives for preventing acute altitude illnesses when rapidly ascending to high altitudes.As the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing acute mountain illnesses remains controversial,a review of existing studies on the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness was conducted,aiming to determine the best strategy.Possible mechanisms of protection against acute altitude illnesses are discussed based on the results of clinical trials.The data indicate that dexamethasone is most effective at altitudes above 4000 m at doses of 8–16 mg/d.Appropriately designed and powered trials are needed to obtain more evidence-based results on the dosage and timing of dexamethasone administration,and to provide optimized recommendations for the application of this powerful pharmacological tool.
基金supported by the Andalusian FEDER Operational Program [B-CTS-374-UGR20 and C-SEJ-015-UGR23]the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities [PGC2018-097388-BI00-MCI/AEI/FEDER,UE]。
文摘Purpose: Normobaric hypoxia(NH) is a frequent strategy for training under hypoxic conditions that can be administered through different equipment, including face masks or hypoxic chambers/tents. Nonetheless, the versatility of administration methods may influence the outcomes.Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Pub Med/MEDLINE were searched to identify studies assessing the effect of NH administered by face mask or chamber/tent equipment on maximal oxygen uptake( VO2max) after a training period. An overall meta-analysis and sub-analysis of total program session volume(low, moderate, high), participants' training level(trained, active, sedentary), and the severity of hypoxia(moderate, severe) were conducted to explore the effects of the NH-administration system.Results: Eighteen studies were included. Compared with normoxia, NH showed a moderate global improvement in VO2max(standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74;p = 0.06), favoring the chamber/tent(SMD = 1.30;p< 0.01) over the face mask. Sub-analysis showed a very large effect in support of the hypoxic chamber/tent among sedentary individuals and training programs with a high volume of sessions. Severe hypoxia did not yield conclusive findings in VO2max improvements, although the chamber/tent proved more effective(SMD = 1.42;p< 0.01) than the face mask under moderate hypoxia.Conclusions: Chambers/tents may slightly accentuate the benefit of NH on aerobic performance, particularly in participants with limited training experience following a high volume of sessions under moderate hypoxia.However, the variability of sub-analysis factors(session volume, participants' training level, and methodological approaches) between studies using each type of hypoxia-generating equipment may influence this result.
文摘Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2022YFD1800400).
文摘Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].
文摘This study compared the acute effects of electrical energy transfer(TECAR) and transcutaneous electrical stimulation(TENS) on pain and flexibility after a hamstring injury. Young athletes received either a 20 min TECAR(n = 24) or TENS(n = 26) session within 5 days following a hamstring injury, while the control(CON, n = 25)group was instructed to rest. Visual analogue scale(VAS), functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries(FASH), straight leg raise test(SLR), and sit-and-reach scores(STR) were obtained prior to, immediately,24, and 48 h after therapy. Group differences were detected after therapy in VAS and FASH scores(p < 0.05).Compared to pre-therapy measurements, VAS scores showed a greater decrease in the TECAR group(-38.75% to-63.33%) than in the TENS group(-16.67% to-25.00%) and both were greater than in the CON group(-2.81%to-9.81%)(p < 0.05). The TECAR group improved FASH scores(28.57%–48.21%) more than the TENS group(15.89%–27.79%) and both groups more than the CON group(0%–8.33%)(p < 0.05). The increase in SLR and STR was greater in the TECAR group(6.26%–13.96%) than in the TENS(1.72%–9.53%) and CON groups(0%–3.03%). These results suggest that in the acute phase of hamstring injury, the use of TECAR and, to a lesser extent, TENS may relieve pain symptoms and bring some improvements in flexibility more than instructing patients to rest.
文摘Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,disrupting proteostasis and increasing vulnerability to sarcopenia.High-intensity training(HIT)can counteract these declines by activating protective pathways such as the HSP response.HSPs are highly responsive to stress,examining their regulation during aging is important,as altered HSP activity is linked to the progressive loss of muscle mass.Methods This study investigated the abundance and phosphorylation of HSPs in skeletal muscle from healthy,active young and older adults(n=7 per group),assessed at baseline and again in the older group following 12 weeks of HIT.Using calibrated Western blotting on both whole-muscle homogenates and pooled single muscle fibres,we quantified HSP content and phosphorylation to determine how aging and exercise influence stress–responsive protein regulation at both the tissue and cellular levels.Results In whole muscle homogenates,HSPs(HSP72,HSP27,andαB-crystallin)did not differ between young and older adults,while higher phosphorylation of small HSPs(sHSPs):phospho-HSP27 at Serine15(pHSP27 Ser15)and phospho-αB-crystallin at Serine59(pαB-crystallin Ser59)(∼1.8-fold and∼2.9-fold,respectively)were found in muscle from older adults,indicating higher cellular stress associated with aging.A 12-week HIT intervention in older adults reduced homogenate pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 abundances to similar levels found in young adults.Total HSPs typically displayed a distinct fiber-type profile in both age groups,with more in type I compared to type II fibers,distinguished by the presence of myosin heavy chain I(MHCI)or MHCII.Phosphorylation at pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 was not different between type I and type II fibers.The HIT in older adults decreased total and phosphorylated sHSPs in both type I and type II fibers but increased HSP72 in type I fibers.Conclusion HIT has the potential to mitigate age-related cellular stress and modulate protein expression patterns in aging skeletal muscle and,perhaps,has the potential to delay age-related muscle decline,thereby improving muscle health in older adults.
文摘Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in postoperative patients.Methods From October 2022 to April 2024,62 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.After baseline assessments of cardiorespiratory endurance and exercise function,the intervention group received a digitalized personalized exercise prescription combined with remote monitoring rehabilitation.This included an exercise prescription delivered via a mobile application,weekly remote monitoring sessions with an exercise therapist to supervise prescription adherence,provide feedback based on real-time electrocardiographic data,and make personalized adjustments to the exercise prescription based on this information.The control group received an application-delivered exercise movement library and a wearable electrocardiogram device for self-monitoring of exercise intensity.Both groups underwent the 12-week intervention.Changes in maximal oxygen uptake and quality of life were evaluated at enrollment,as well as at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks after the intervention commenced.Results A total of 58 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=30],the control group[n=28]).Twelve weeks after the interventions,the intervention group showed statistically improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.247,P=0.025),general health(Z=2.126,P=0.033)and social functioning(Z=3.349,P=0.001)compared to the control group.At 24 weeks of follow-up,the intervention group continued to exhibit statistically significant improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.017,P=0.044)and social functioning(Z=3.126,P=0.002).The exercise duration of patients in the intervention group during the exercise test was significantly prolonged at both 4 weeks(Z=−2.420,P=0.021),12 weeks(Z=−2.240,P=0.029)and 24weeks(Z=−2.300,P=0.025)showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusions This study provides new evidence-based support for the practical effectiveness of nurses acting as supervisors of rehabilitation implementation and coordinators of multidisciplinary teams within a remote digital cardiac rehabilitation model,underscoring their significant value in the secondary prevention management system for cardiovascular diseases in the information era.
文摘Background:This paper aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the effects of resistance training(RT)performed at longer-muscle length(LML)versus shorter-muscle length(SML)on proxy measurements for longitudinal hypertrophy.Methods:We included studies that satisfied the following criteria:(1)be a resistance training intervention with a comparison of LML vs SML-RT;(2)assess both fascicle length(FL)and muscle size pre-and post-intervention;(3)involve healthy adults aged≥18 years;(4)be published in an English-language journal,and;(5)have a minimum training intervention duration of 4 weeks.Three databases were searched in February 2024(Google Scholar,PubMed/Medline,Scopus)for relevant articles,alongside'forward'and'backward'citation searching of articles included and additions via authors'personal knowledge.The results of studies were described narratively,compared,and contrasted.Eight studies met the inclusion criteria,totaling a sample size of 120.Results:Our results suggest that both muscle size and fascicle length increases may be greater following LML-RT versus SML-RT,suggesting LML-RT may lead to greater longitudinal hypertrophy than SML-RT.Notably,evidence is largely mixed;no studies to date have attempted to estimate serial sarcomere number changes from LML versus SML-RT,and all but one study used linear extrapolation methods to estimate FL,which has questionable validity.Therefore,the structural adaptations underlying hypertrophy from LML-RT remain undetermined.Conclusion:In conclusion,results suggest that LML-RT may be superior to SML-RT for inducing muscle hypertrophy and,more specifically,longitudinal growth,though evidence is mixed.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32171307,12372307,12172089,61821002 and 82102567)the Basic Research Plan Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20232023)+1 种基金the Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20200144)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.5007032303).
文摘The meniscus plays an important role in the biomechanical function of the knee joint,but knee osteoarthritis(OA)deteriorates the mechanical properties of the meniscus.Thus understanding the mechanical behaviour of the OA meniscus is very important.This study aimed to assess the quasi-static nonlinear mechanical behaviours of the three zones of the OA meniscus by a proposed meso-indentation method,and further to investigate its nonlinear mechanical responses under the stance.Four pairs of menisci were harvested from OA patients during total knee arthroplasty.One pair of the menisci was first used for the histological analysis.Binocular fringe projection technology was then employed to reconstruct the morphology of the other three pairs of the menisci.Subsequently,a meso-indentation method was proposed to characterize the nonlinear behaviors of the meniscus zones,moreover,the hyperelastic model(HEM)together with the Hertz’s elastic model(EM)was used to fit the indentation force-depth curves of the meniscus zones.Furthermore,the fitted HEM and EM materials parameters were used to simulate the mechanical response of the meniscus in the stance by two simplified meniscus models.The results showed that the type III collagen widely existed in the OA menisci,and the red-white zone exhibited the best mechanical performance,and the 3-term Mooney-Rivlin model was the best descriptor for the nonlinear mechanical characterization of the three zones.Moreover,the stress or strain distributions of the simplified meniscus models differed significantly between the HEM and EM under the stance,and the EM underestimated the mechanical behaviours of the meniscus.The current work generally provides a novel testing method to study the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of soft biological materials,and is specifically helpful to understand the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the OA meniscus for which the HEM should be used in the meniscus-related biomechanical studies.
文摘Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focus on their effects on recovery metrics,particularly how they influence sleep quality,perceived wellness,and athletic performance.Despite anecdotal evidence of its efficacy,rigorous comparative studies are scarce.Objective:This study aimed to evaluates and compare the effects of WCT and DCT on endurance,perceived wellness,exertion levels,and sleep quality among young,active males,addressing the gap in the literature regarding CT's efficacy in sports performance and recovery.Methods:Thirty-two amateur runners were randomly divided into two groups:one followed WCT sessions and the other followed DCT sessions.The study assessed the interventions'impacts on endurance performance(Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test),sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index),and perceived exertion(Borg CR10 Scale).Heart rate was measured using a Polar H10 sensor to gauge physiological responses during physical tests.Results:Significant improvements were observed in the WCT group for sleep latency(%change=-82.31%;interaction group×time p=0.006;Cohen's d=0.74)and sleep disturbance(%change=-68.70%;interaction group×time p<0.001;Cohen's d=1.09),suggesting enhanced sleep quality(global score;%change=-52.81;interaction group×time p=0.004;Cohen's d=0.77).However,no significant differences were found in direct performance metrics(distance,maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen uptake)between WCT and DCT groups.These findings highlight WCT's potential as a recovery aid,particularly through improved sleep,without directly influencing endurance performance outcomes.Conclusion:WCT may serve as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes by potentially improving sleep quality and reducing perceived exertion,thus contributing indirectly to performance through enhanced recovery.
