The graph-based representation of material structures,along with deep neural network models,often lacks locality and requires large datasets,which are seldom available in specialized materials research.To address this...The graph-based representation of material structures,along with deep neural network models,often lacks locality and requires large datasets,which are seldom available in specialized materials research.To address this challenge,we developed a more data-efficient center-environment(CE)structure representation that incorporates a predefined attention-focused mechanism.This approach was applied in a machine learning(ML)study to examine the local alloying effects on the structural stability of Nb alloys.In the CE feature model,the atomic environment type(AET)method was utilized,which effectively describes the low-symmetry physical shell structures of neighboring atoms.The optimized ML-CEAET models successfully predicted double-site substitution energies in Nb with a mean absolute error of 55.37 meV and identified Si-M pairs(where M=Ta,W,Re,and lanthanide rare-earth elements)as promising stabilizers for Nb.The ML-CE_(AET)model’s good transferability was further confirmed through accurate prediction of untrained alloying element Nb.Significantly,in cases involving small datasets,non-deep learning models with CE features outperformed deep learning models based on graph features reported in the literature.展开更多
Magnesium and its alloys have been initially applied to biliary tract surgery.Currently,few reports on the degradation behavior of magnesium in the bile environment were investigated.Thus,in-depth research on the degr...Magnesium and its alloys have been initially applied to biliary tract surgery.Currently,few reports on the degradation behavior of magnesium in the bile environment were investigated.Thus,in-depth research on the degradation behavior of Mg and its alloys in bile is beneficial to the further application of Mg in biliary tract surgery.In this study,the degradation behavior of HP-Mg(HPM)and Mg-2 wt.%Zn(MZ2)alloys in human bile and Hanks balanced salt solution(HBSS)was systematically investigated.The MZ2 alloy biliary stent was implanted into the porcine common bile duct to study the degradation behavior of MZ2 alloy in vivo,and to verify the biosafety of MZ2 alloys degradation in the bile duct.It was found that the degradation product layer formed by MZ2 alloys in bile consisted of three layers,including organic matter(fatty acid,etc.),calcium and magnesium phosphate,and Mg(OH)2/MgO,respectively from the outside to the inside.The multi-layered degradation product layer slowed down the corrosion of the Mg matrix.During the 21 days of stent implantation,the degradation rate of the MZ2 stent was about 0.83 mm/y,there was no blockage and stenosis of the tube diameter,and the bile drainage function was normal.展开更多
为提高水域鱼类资源监测的自动化程度和实时分析能力,结合YOLOv8X(You only look once version 8-extra large)目标检测模型、ByteTrack(ByteTrack:a strong baseline for multi-object tracking)算法与双频识别声呐(Dual-frequency ide...为提高水域鱼类资源监测的自动化程度和实时分析能力,结合YOLOv8X(You only look once version 8-extra large)目标检测模型、ByteTrack(ByteTrack:a strong baseline for multi-object tracking)算法与双频识别声呐(Dual-frequency identification sonar,DIDSON)数据,开发了1种快速、准确的鱼类目标识别与计数方法。实验结果表明,YOLOv8X与ByteTrack联合方法与传统的Echoview软件识别精度接近(偏差率仅为1.36%),但处理时间显著减少(单条测线从约30 min减少至约3 min),表现出较强的实时处理能力和泛化性能。同时,通过重复实验验证了该方法的稳定性,确认其在不同场景中的可靠性。本研究方法与成果为水域鱼类资源的自动化监测提供了可靠的技术支持,可广泛地应用于大范围高频次的渔业资源监测与管理工作中。展开更多
乳源免疫调节肽(immunomodulatory peptides from milk,IPM)是一类具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗氧化等多种生物活性的多肽。相比于微生物发酵法,酶法制备因其酶切位点特异性强、产物结构明确、过程可控性高成为制备高活性、标准化IPM的首选...乳源免疫调节肽(immunomodulatory peptides from milk,IPM)是一类具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗氧化等多种生物活性的多肽。相比于微生物发酵法,酶法制备因其酶切位点特异性强、产物结构明确、过程可控性高成为制备高活性、标准化IPM的首选策略。本文综述近年来酶法制备IPM的关键进展,阐述酶选择策略,从电荷、疏水性及肽链长度三方面解析IPM构效关系,并探讨IPM在调节先天与适应性免疫中的双向机制,指出当前产业化面临的苦味去除、膜污染控制及口服生物利用度低等核心挑战。未来研究应结合人工智能辅助的虚拟筛选与纳米封装技术,以突破IPM的应用瓶颈。展开更多
本文聚焦于应用骨改良药物(bone-modifying agents,BMAs)[双膦酸盐类(bisphosphonates,BPs)药物及地舒单抗]患者发生药物相关性颌骨坏死(medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,MRONJ)的临床防控问题,结合国内外共识与临床实践,...本文聚焦于应用骨改良药物(bone-modifying agents,BMAs)[双膦酸盐类(bisphosphonates,BPs)药物及地舒单抗]患者发生药物相关性颌骨坏死(medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,MRONJ)的临床防控问题,结合国内外共识与临床实践,提出一套基于风险分级的全程化防控策略。文章系统分析了诱发MRONJ的三大高危因素(药物因素、全身因素、口腔局部因素),强调不同用药方案(低剂量与高剂量)所致MRONJ的风险差异,并据此构建四层级(R0~R3)的风险分级体系。针对每一层级风险等级,本文详细阐述了相应的口腔筛查重点、预防性干预措施、有创操作(如拔牙)的适应证及围手术期的管理规范,并对高风险(R3)患者的药物假期、影像学评估、微创手术与创口处理策略给出了具体指导。本文旨在推动MRONJ的临床防控从“被动诊治”向“主动预防”的模式转变,为口腔医生在保障患者全身疾病治疗的前提下,科学、有效地降低MRONJ发生率提供系统参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373227,52201016)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFB0702901,2017YFB0701502,2023YFB4606200)+1 种基金Shanghai Technical Service Center for Advanced Ceramics Structure Design and Precision Manufacturing,China(No.20DZ2294000)Key Program of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province,China(No.202302AB080020).
文摘The graph-based representation of material structures,along with deep neural network models,often lacks locality and requires large datasets,which are seldom available in specialized materials research.To address this challenge,we developed a more data-efficient center-environment(CE)structure representation that incorporates a predefined attention-focused mechanism.This approach was applied in a machine learning(ML)study to examine the local alloying effects on the structural stability of Nb alloys.In the CE feature model,the atomic environment type(AET)method was utilized,which effectively describes the low-symmetry physical shell structures of neighboring atoms.The optimized ML-CEAET models successfully predicted double-site substitution energies in Nb with a mean absolute error of 55.37 meV and identified Si-M pairs(where M=Ta,W,Re,and lanthanide rare-earth elements)as promising stabilizers for Nb.The ML-CE_(AET)model’s good transferability was further confirmed through accurate prediction of untrained alloying element Nb.Significantly,in cases involving small datasets,non-deep learning models with CE features outperformed deep learning models based on graph features reported in the literature.
基金supported by the Sci-ence and technology commission of Shanghai Municipal-ity(No.19441905600)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Interdisciplinary(Biomedical Engineering)Research Fund(No.ZH2018ZDA09)+2 种基金Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR3036B)China Postdoctoral Science Founda-tion(No.2021M702090)Changshu Science and Technology Program(Industrial)Project(No.CG202107).
文摘Magnesium and its alloys have been initially applied to biliary tract surgery.Currently,few reports on the degradation behavior of magnesium in the bile environment were investigated.Thus,in-depth research on the degradation behavior of Mg and its alloys in bile is beneficial to the further application of Mg in biliary tract surgery.In this study,the degradation behavior of HP-Mg(HPM)and Mg-2 wt.%Zn(MZ2)alloys in human bile and Hanks balanced salt solution(HBSS)was systematically investigated.The MZ2 alloy biliary stent was implanted into the porcine common bile duct to study the degradation behavior of MZ2 alloy in vivo,and to verify the biosafety of MZ2 alloys degradation in the bile duct.It was found that the degradation product layer formed by MZ2 alloys in bile consisted of three layers,including organic matter(fatty acid,etc.),calcium and magnesium phosphate,and Mg(OH)2/MgO,respectively from the outside to the inside.The multi-layered degradation product layer slowed down the corrosion of the Mg matrix.During the 21 days of stent implantation,the degradation rate of the MZ2 stent was about 0.83 mm/y,there was no blockage and stenosis of the tube diameter,and the bile drainage function was normal.
文摘为提高水域鱼类资源监测的自动化程度和实时分析能力,结合YOLOv8X(You only look once version 8-extra large)目标检测模型、ByteTrack(ByteTrack:a strong baseline for multi-object tracking)算法与双频识别声呐(Dual-frequency identification sonar,DIDSON)数据,开发了1种快速、准确的鱼类目标识别与计数方法。实验结果表明,YOLOv8X与ByteTrack联合方法与传统的Echoview软件识别精度接近(偏差率仅为1.36%),但处理时间显著减少(单条测线从约30 min减少至约3 min),表现出较强的实时处理能力和泛化性能。同时,通过重复实验验证了该方法的稳定性,确认其在不同场景中的可靠性。本研究方法与成果为水域鱼类资源的自动化监测提供了可靠的技术支持,可广泛地应用于大范围高频次的渔业资源监测与管理工作中。
文摘乳源免疫调节肽(immunomodulatory peptides from milk,IPM)是一类具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗氧化等多种生物活性的多肽。相比于微生物发酵法,酶法制备因其酶切位点特异性强、产物结构明确、过程可控性高成为制备高活性、标准化IPM的首选策略。本文综述近年来酶法制备IPM的关键进展,阐述酶选择策略,从电荷、疏水性及肽链长度三方面解析IPM构效关系,并探讨IPM在调节先天与适应性免疫中的双向机制,指出当前产业化面临的苦味去除、膜污染控制及口服生物利用度低等核心挑战。未来研究应结合人工智能辅助的虚拟筛选与纳米封装技术,以突破IPM的应用瓶颈。
文摘本文聚焦于应用骨改良药物(bone-modifying agents,BMAs)[双膦酸盐类(bisphosphonates,BPs)药物及地舒单抗]患者发生药物相关性颌骨坏死(medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,MRONJ)的临床防控问题,结合国内外共识与临床实践,提出一套基于风险分级的全程化防控策略。文章系统分析了诱发MRONJ的三大高危因素(药物因素、全身因素、口腔局部因素),强调不同用药方案(低剂量与高剂量)所致MRONJ的风险差异,并据此构建四层级(R0~R3)的风险分级体系。针对每一层级风险等级,本文详细阐述了相应的口腔筛查重点、预防性干预措施、有创操作(如拔牙)的适应证及围手术期的管理规范,并对高风险(R3)患者的药物假期、影像学评估、微创手术与创口处理策略给出了具体指导。本文旨在推动MRONJ的临床防控从“被动诊治”向“主动预防”的模式转变,为口腔医生在保障患者全身疾病治疗的前提下,科学、有效地降低MRONJ发生率提供系统参考。
