This investigation report got a clear picture of the general situation of the development of greenhouse vegetable industry in Zibo,and found out the existing problems such as frequent harmful weather,few special varie...This investigation report got a clear picture of the general situation of the development of greenhouse vegetable industry in Zibo,and found out the existing problems such as frequent harmful weather,few special varieties and high-grade varieties of greenhouse vegetables,fragmentation of new technology promotion of greenhouse vegetables,low level of intensive seedling raising of vegetables,backward level of facility planting structure and equipment,etc.This paper puts forward the strategies for the future high-quality development of vegetables:promoting the adjustment of vegetable planting structure,rationally arranging vegetables for rotation,strengthening vegetable technical guidance,and innovating vegetable consumption patterns.展开更多
An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agri...An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agricultural control measures such as crop rotation,field cleaning,fertilizer and water management,physical control measures such as catching and killing,trapping,blocking,photoelectric energy treatment,biological control measures such as the use of natural enemies,pathogenic microorganisms,other beneficial organisms and metabolites,and scientific and rational chemical control measures.Comprehensive prevention and control not only controls vegetable diseases and pests effectively,but also protects the ecological environment.展开更多
Resource recycling science and engineering is a new interdisciplinary subject.In order to meet the needs of the development of the circular economy,it is highly necessary to improve students’innovative abilities and ...Resource recycling science and engineering is a new interdisciplinary subject.In order to meet the needs of the development of the circular economy,it is highly necessary to improve students’innovative abilities and practical skills.This paper analyzes the problems existing in the practical teaching of this major and puts forward some approaches to the construction of practical teaching of resource-based major from the aspects of content system construction of practical teaching of resource recycling major,deep cooperation between schools and enterprises,construction of dual-teacher teams,and integration teaching of industry-university-research competition.It has effectively improved the training quality of applied talents in the resource recycling major.展开更多
The cultivation of apples in replanted orchards is essential given limitations in land resources.However,the presence of Fusarium and phenolic acids in the replanted soil harms the soil environment,which impedes the s...The cultivation of apples in replanted orchards is essential given limitations in land resources.However,the presence of Fusarium and phenolic acids in the replanted soil harms the soil environment,which impedes the sustainable development of the apple industry.In this study,earthworm was used as the fermentation precursor protein to optimize the fermentation conditions,and the inhibition mechanism of the fermentation product on Fusarium and its potential to repair the apple replant soil environment were explored.Laboratory experiments showed that the optimum initial pH,temperature and time of earthworm fermentation were 7,37℃ and 10 d,respectively.The inhibition rates of earthworm fermentation products against F.oxysporum,F.solani,F.proliferatum,and F.moniliforme were 79.8%,75.1%,78.7%and 79.2%,respectively.The inhibition rates of spore germination on F.oxysporum,F.solani,F.proliferatum,and F.moniliforme were 83.8%,87.3%,83.2%and84.8%,respectively.In the field,use 300 mL of earthworm fermentation products for each planting pits before planting.The experimental results showed that,compared with the control,the content of soil pathogenic Fusarium and phenolic acid in Wantou(W3)were decreased by75.1%and 59.8%,respectively,after treatment with earthworm fermentation products in 2019.Soil urease,phosphatase,sucrase and catalase activities increased by 383.2%,78.2%,130.3%and 43.5%,respectively.The fruit weight,anthocyanin content,soluble sugar,sugar-acid ratio,total ester ratio,total ester concentration and yield increased by 80.7%,60.6%,25.6%,50.3%,19.7%,262.4%and 193.5%,respectively,while titratable acid content decreased by 16.9%.In conclusion,earthworm fermentation products can be used as a sustainable amendment to control apple replant disease.展开更多
Based on the carrying capacity of the resources and the environment,this article defines the connotation of the land multifunctional space(LMFS)from three aspects,ecological protection,agricultural production and urba...Based on the carrying capacity of the resources and the environment,this article defines the connotation of the land multifunctional space(LMFS)from three aspects,ecological protection,agricultural production and urban construction,in the new era of land space planning system.Moreover,a framework is constructed for the coordinated development of the multi-functional oriented space to match the use of land space(ULS)with the supply of resources and environment(SRE).Based on this,the technology and methods of comprehensive evaluation,dominance recognition,and matching relationship division functions of the use of land space(FULS)and functions of the supply of resources and environment(FSRE)are discussed.The advantageous functions of the use of land space(AFULS)and advantageous functions of the supply of resources and environment(AFSRE)are also identified in the study area.A LMFS coordinated development system integrating“function position-comprehensive partition-regulation strategy”is proposed.Through the empirical study of Shandong province,we found that,first,the FULS of ecological protection space in the province is mainly found in high value areas,and the FSRE is mainly in low value areas,which has certain complementarity in the space.The FULS of agricultural production space is mainly observed in high value areas,the FSRE is mainly in middle value areas,and the spatial distribution is balanced and staggered.The FULS of the urban construction space and the FSRE are mainly in middle values areas,and the spatial distribution is basically similar.Second,the FULS in the study area is dominated by the single advantage of agricultural production and urban construction,while the FSRE has a relatively balanced distribution of the advantages of ecological protection,single agricultural production and compound advantages of agricultural production and urban construction,and urban construction and ecological protection.The matching between the two is mainly at high and middle levels.Specifically,70%of the province’s land space still has a certain development and utilization potential,and 30%of ULS intensity is close to or exceeds the resource and environment carrying capacity.Third,considering the comprehensive impact of resource endowment,social and economic development and policy and institutional environment on different matching relationships,this paper constructs the land spatial development strategic pattern of“two screens-seven regions-multicore”positioning and“four regions-eight categories”hierarchical area of Shandong at the macro level,and puts forward a differentiated land space development strategy.展开更多
Most cherry orchards in China have low organic carbon content,though carbon is very important for plant growth.The changes in soil carbon and bacterial diversity were determined after different amounts of 12C-glucose ...Most cherry orchards in China have low organic carbon content,though carbon is very important for plant growth.The changes in soil carbon and bacterial diversity were determined after different amounts of 12C-glucose were added to the rhizosphere of Cerasus sachalinensis.Soil bacteria diversity was measured using high throughput sequencing,and bacteria containing 13C-glucose were identified using DNA-SIP methods.The results demonstrated that soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)content and the soil respiratory rate were increased at 3 and 7 days after adding glucose.The soil organic carbon(SOC)content was decreased on the 7th day in the treatment where the added glucose-C was equivalent to the MBC content.SOC content was decreased on the 15th day after adding glucose-C equivalent to five times that of the soil MBC.Compared to the controls,the relative abundance of taxa at the phylum level displayed no significant change in the treatments with glucose-C added as 10%and equal amount of soil MBC 3–30 days after treatment.However,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly in the treatment with the addition of glucose-C equivalent to five times of soil MBC.The main changes were observed in the bacteria in several genera including A4,Flavisolibacter,Aquicella,and Candidatus Solibacter.DNA-SIP results indicated that the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas was the highest;these were the primary bacteria phylum and genus,respectively,from day 3 to day 15.In conclusion,the changing pattern demonstrated that with the addition of more glucose,the range of the bacterial communities changed more.Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas may be the bacteria promoting priming effect.展开更多
Plant peptide hormones play important roles in plant growth and development. Among these hormones, the C-TERMINALLYENCODED PEPTIDE（CEP） belongs to a newly found peptide family that regulates root development in Arab...Plant peptide hormones play important roles in plant growth and development. Among these hormones, the C-TERMINALLYENCODED PEPTIDE（CEP） belongs to a newly found peptide family that regulates root development in Arabidopsis as well as in other species. However, nothing is known about the CEP genes in apple（Malus×domestica, MdCEP）. In this study, a total of 27 apple CEP genes were identified through a genome-wide analysis and were phylogenetically divided into three classes（Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ）. The predicted MdCEP genes were distributed across 10 of 17 chromosomes with different densities. Next, the gene structures and motif compositions of the MdCEP genes were analyzed. Subsequently, the expression analysis suggested that the MdCEP genes were highly activated in roots and that MdCEP23 may play an important role in regulating the growth and development of roots. Moreover, all of the MdCEP genes were responsive to multiple abiotic stresses, indicating that MdCEP genes may be involved with various aspects of physiological processes in apple. Nearly one-third of MdCEP genes had a significant response to low nitrogen treatment. Most of the MdCEP genes were up-regulated under stress, including mannitol, polyethylene glycol（PEG） and abscisic acid（ABA）, suggesting that MdCEP genes may be involved in the drought stress response. This study provides insight into the putative functions of the MdCEP genes using a genome-wide analysis of the CEP gene family.展开更多
Recent publications have highlighted the development of an alternate cotton-peanut intercropping as a novel strat-egy to enhance agricultural productivity.In this article,we provide an overview of the progress made in...Recent publications have highlighted the development of an alternate cotton-peanut intercropping as a novel strat-egy to enhance agricultural productivity.In this article,we provide an overview of the progress made in the alternate cotton-peanut intercropping,specifically focusing on its yield benefits,environmental impacts,and the underlying mechanisms.In addition,we advocate for future investigations into the selection or development of appropriate crop varieties and agricultural equipment,pest management options,and the mechanisms of root-canopy interactions.This review is intended to provide a valuable reference for understanding and adopting an alternate intercropping system for sustainable cotton production.展开更多
The grassland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)and Inner Mongolia Plateau(IMP),accounting for 73.9%of the total grassland area in China,is significant to food and ecological safety.Due to climate change and irrational hum...The grassland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)and Inner Mongolia Plateau(IMP),accounting for 73.9%of the total grassland area in China,is significant to food and ecological safety.Due to climate change and irrational human activities,grasslands on the two plateaus have severely degraded over recent decades.Understanding the dynamic changes of grassland and its driving forces is necessary to make effective measurements to prevent grassland degradation.Here,we selected the net primary productivity(NPP)as an indicator to quantitatively assess the dynamic variation of grassland and the relative roles of climate change and human activities on QTP and IMP from 2000 to 2016.The results found significant spatial variability of grassland on QTP.28.3%of the grassland experienced degradation and was mainly distributed in the southern QTP,versus 71.7%of the grassland was restored and mainly distributed in the central and northern QTP.In contrast,grassland on IMP didn’t show significant spatial variability.Most of the grassland on IMP was restored during the study period.Climate change(i.e.increased precipitation)was the dominant factor and could explain 72.8%and 84.4%of the restored grassland in QTP and IMP.Irrational human activities(i.e.overgrazing)were the main driving factors and could explain 72.9%and 100.0%of the degraded grassland on the two plateaus during the study period.Ecological restoration projects were favorable for grassland restoration on the two plateaus,and they contributed to 27.2%and 15.6%of the restored grassland in QTP and IMP,respectively.Therefore,climate changes on IMP were more favorable for grassland restoration,and human activities have a greater impact on the grassland variation on QTP.展开更多
Auxin has been identified to play critical roles in regulating plant growth and development. The polar transport of auxin is regulated by auxin transporters. In the present study, an auxin efflux carrier gene MdPIN1 w...Auxin has been identified to play critical roles in regulating plant growth and development. The polar transport of auxin is regulated by auxin transporters. In the present study, an auxin efflux carrier gene MdPIN1 was cloned from Malusxdomestic, Royal Gala, and introduced into wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana （Col-0）. The transgenic plants exhibited the phenotype of inhibition of primary root （PR） elongation and increased lateral root （LR） number in compared with Col-＆ Overexpression of MdPIN1 affected auxin transport, and enhanced phototropic responses and geotropism reaction, whereas had no significant difference in the auxin biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the MdPIN1 gene plays a vital role in auxin transport and root development.展开更多
With the continuous increase of large-scale pig farms,the disinfection of pig farm environment plays an extremely important part in the control and prevention of pig farm diseases in high-density breeding environment....With the continuous increase of large-scale pig farms,the disinfection of pig farm environment plays an extremely important part in the control and prevention of pig farm diseases in high-density breeding environment.As an important breeding place for pig farms,the farrowing house must be performed with scientific and standardized disinfection.In this paper,different disinfection modes were used to disinfect the empty farrowing houses of pig farms,and the total plate count,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and fungi were used as detection indicators to comprehensively evaluate the disinfection effect of the air microorganisms and the surface of the objects in the empty house after disinfection,with the aim to provide a basis for the establishment of a scientific pig farm environmental disinfection model.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the formulation stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and its killing effect on common pathogenic bacteria in the animal breeding environment and to pr...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the formulation stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and its killing effect on common pathogenic bacteria in the animal breeding environment and to provide a scientific basis for veterinary clinical application. [Methods] The stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was tested through an accelerated test and a long-term test. In the accelerated test, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and sodium hypochlorite were stored in 37 ℃ constant temperature incubators for 90 d, and the available chlorine contents were compared. In the long-term test, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was sealed and stored at room temperature, and its effective chlorine content and pH were measured regularly. In order to test its bactericidal effect in clinical use, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder, lime milk and 5% dilute glutaraldehyde solution were sprayed in groups to disinfect empty sheds in a pig farm, and the total colony count, Escherichia coli colony count, Staphylococcus aureus colony count and fungal colony count were used as testing indexes to comprehensively evaluate the disinfection effects on microorganisms in the air of the empty sheds and the surface of objects inside the sheds after disinfection. [Results] The 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder had an available chlorine loss rate of 7.92% in the accelerated test, and the loss rates of available chlorine content and pH of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder in the long-term test(240 d) were 1.52% and 1.87% at room temperature, respectively. In the test to detect the sterilization effects on the pig farm, the total colony count, E. coli colony count, S. aureus colony count and fungal colony count of samples treated with 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder were lower than those of other two groups(P<0.05), and the total colony count of samples disinfected with 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder after cleaning the dirt was 20 times lower than that of samples disinfected directly without cleaning. In conclusion, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was stable and effective in disinfection, and the presence of organic matter had little effect on the disinfection effect. [Conclusions] This study will provide important reference for the application of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder in veterinary clinic.展开更多
Lakes are important ecological water sources in the Bashang Plateau. Its expansion or shrinkage directly affects the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding areas. In this study, Landsat images from 198...Lakes are important ecological water sources in the Bashang Plateau. Its expansion or shrinkage directly affects the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding areas. In this study, Landsat images from 1984 to 2015 were selected to monitor the area of lakes in the Bashang Plateau and to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of lakes in the Bashang Plateau. The results showed that there were 47 lakes in the Bashang Plateau in 2015, with a total area of 37.63 km2, mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the region. From 1984 to 2015, the lakes in Bashang Plateau showed a shrinking trend. At the same time, there are obvious stage differences in lake changes. During 1984-1996, the number of lakes increased by 99 and the total area increased by 124.43 km2. From 1996 to 2015, the number of lakes decreased by 142, and the total area decreased by 183.96 km2. Before 1996, climate change was the dominant factor. However, the shrinkage of lakes after 1996 is the result of climate change and human activities. Among them, the large-scale planting of water consuming crops such as vegetables is the main human activity mode leading to lake shrinkage. This study will help to understand the expansion and contraction factors of the Bashang Plateau lakes in Hebei province and provide a reference for the future protection and management of the lakes.展开更多
[Objectives]To select zucchini varieties suitable for cultivation in Zibo City and test its high-yield cultivation techniques.[Methods]Six zucchini varieties were introduced,and their commercial quality and yield were...[Objectives]To select zucchini varieties suitable for cultivation in Zibo City and test its high-yield cultivation techniques.[Methods]Six zucchini varieties were introduced,and their commercial quality and yield were determined.[Results]The yield of Shengfeier,Xiuyu 170 and Xihulu 309 increased by 11.4%,6.9%and 4.6%,respectively compared with S68(control),and zucchini was straight,looked pleasing to the eye,and had strong disease resistance.[Conclusions]The zucchini varieties were selected and the high-quality,high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques were integrated.展开更多
In view of the occurrence and aggravation of diseases and pests of horticultural crops,the management process should follow the basic policy of"prevention first,comprehensive control".Starting from the ecolo...In view of the occurrence and aggravation of diseases and pests of horticultural crops,the management process should follow the basic policy of"prevention first,comprehensive control".Starting from the ecological system,agricultural,biological,physical and chemical means should be comprehensively applied to control diseases and pests below the economic injury level.展开更多
With the rapid development of modern information technology, digital technology has gradually penetrated into all fields and links of the agricultural industry. Digital orchard reflects the comprehensive application o...With the rapid development of modern information technology, digital technology has gradually penetrated into all fields and links of the agricultural industry. Digital orchard reflects the comprehensive application of digital technology in orchard management. This study surveys and analyzes the current development of digital orchard, clarifies the development status and existing problems, and comes up with reasonable recommendations, to provide a certain reference and guidance for the construction of digital orchard in Zibo City of Shandong Province.展开更多
In view of the series of problems found in the rural collective economic audit in Zhangdian District of Zibo City in the past five years,this study used empirical research methods to deeply analyze the current situati...In view of the series of problems found in the rural collective economic audit in Zhangdian District of Zibo City in the past five years,this study used empirical research methods to deeply analyze the current situation and existing problems of the village collective audit work.On this basis,typical cases were selected for in-depth analysis,the effects of different audit modes were compared,and the reliable paths to improve the efficiency of village collective audit were studied and considered.The results show that the social governance strategy plays a positive role in improving the efficiency of village collective audit.This study is expected to provide a reference for the improvement of village collective audit efficiency,and is of great significance to improve the village collective financial management and promote the improvement of the rural governance system.展开更多
Populus 9 euramericana ‘‘Neva'' is the main poplar species in China, where drought stress is becoming extremely urgent. We carried out this research to study the effects of drought stress on the photosynthes...Populus 9 euramericana ‘‘Neva'' is the main poplar species in China, where drought stress is becoming extremely urgent. We carried out this research to study the effects of drought stress on the photosynthesis of Populus 9 euramericana ‘‘Neva''. Drought stress was induced by 58–62%(light), 48–52%(moderate), and 38–42%(severe) relative soil moisture content(RSMC). The effects of drought stress on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and other related physiological parameters were investigated during treatment. Net photosynthetic rate(PN), and stomatal conductance decreased significantly and intercellular CO_2 concentration initially increased and then declined, whereas the stomatal limitation factors showed opposite trends in the light under moderate drought stress. Photosystem II(PSII) maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency,and photochemical quenching decreased gradually under drought stress, whereas nonphotochemical quenching initially increased and then declined. Superoxide dismutase,peroxidase, and catalase activities initially increased and then decreased as RSMC was reduced, whereas malondialdehyde(MDA) content and relative electric conductivity(REC) increased gradually. These results suggest that stomatal factors accounted for the decline in PNunder light and moderate drought stress, whereas leaf PNdecreased mainly due to non-stomatal factors under severe drought stress. PSII was damaged; thus, photosynthetic electron transfer was restricted, indicating that heat dissipation is important for the light protection mechanism of plants.Antioxidant enzymes increased at the beginning of treatment, and the increased MDA and REC led to cell membrane damage. These results suggest that poplar seedlings stabilized their photosynthetic apparatus by reducing the light trapping ability under light and moderate drought stress conditions. This helped dissipate heat and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity. Stomatal factors accounted for the decline in P_N, whereas damage to PSII and antioxidant enzymes under severe drought stress suggested that the decline in P_N was caused by non-stomatal restrictive factors.展开更多
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,significant achievements have been made in cotton production in China.China has maintained its position as the world’s largest cotton producer for 33 year...Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,significant achievements have been made in cotton production in China.China has maintained its position as the world’s largest cotton producer for 33 years(1983–2015),with average annual increases of 3.5 and 3.9% in the unit yield and total output of cotton,respectively.Cotton production has played an extremely important role in the development of the national economy and the improvement of living standards.Although the cotton planting area has been reduced in recent years,the total output has remained relatively unchanged due to the continuous increase in the unit yield.China’s dominant position in global cotton production is undoubtedly attributed to the progress and development of cotton cultivation technology.Over the past 70 years,China has established a high-yielding and high-efficiency cotton cultivation mode that corresponds to its national conditions,including a large population and a limited land area.Furthermore,cotton cultivation technology is constantly being innovated and developed to keep pace with the times.In this paper,we review the development of cotton production and cultivation in China over the past 70 years,with a particular focus on the innovation and development of cotton cultivation technology with Chinese characteristics.This review is intended to provide guidance for the sustainable development of China’s cotton production in the future and to provide a reference for global cotton production.展开更多
The effect of different cold plasma treatments on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） seeds under simulated drought stress conditions was investigated.Polyethyleneglycol-6000（PEG 6000...The effect of different cold plasma treatments on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） seeds under simulated drought stress conditions was investigated.Polyethyleneglycol-6000（PEG 6000）with the mass fraction of 0%（purified water）, 5%, 10%,and 15% were applied to simulate the drought environment. The alfalfa seeds were treated with15 different power levels ranged between 0–280 W for 15 s. The germination potential,germination rate, germination index, seedling root length, seedling height, and vigor index were investigated. Results indicated significant differences between treated with proper power and untreated alfalfa seeds. With the increase of treatment power, these indexes mentioned above almost presented bimodal curves. Under the different mass fractions of PEG 6000, results showed that the lower power led to increased germination, and the seedlings presented good adaptability to different drought conditions. Meanwhile, higher power levels resulted in a decreased germination rate. Seeds treated with 40 W resulted in higher germination potential,germination rate, seedling height, root length, and vigor index. Vigor indexes of the treated seeds under different PEG 6000 stresses increased by 38.68%, 43.91%, 74.34%, and 39.20%respectively compared to CK_（0-0）, CK_（5-0）, CK_（10-0）, and CK_（15-0）（the control sample under 0%, 5%,10%, and 15% PEG 6000）. Therefore, 40 W was regarded as the best treatment in this research.Although the trend indexes of alfalfa seeds treated with the same power were statistically the same under different PEG 6000 stresses, the cold plasma treatment had a significant effect on the adaptability of alfalfa seeds in different drought environments. Thus, this kind of treatment is worth implementing to promote seed growth under drought situations.展开更多
文摘This investigation report got a clear picture of the general situation of the development of greenhouse vegetable industry in Zibo,and found out the existing problems such as frequent harmful weather,few special varieties and high-grade varieties of greenhouse vegetables,fragmentation of new technology promotion of greenhouse vegetables,low level of intensive seedling raising of vegetables,backward level of facility planting structure and equipment,etc.This paper puts forward the strategies for the future high-quality development of vegetables:promoting the adjustment of vegetable planting structure,rationally arranging vegetables for rotation,strengthening vegetable technical guidance,and innovating vegetable consumption patterns.
基金Supported by Major Agricultural Technologies in Shandong Province in 2023 Collaborative Promotion Plan Task Book"Demonstration and Promotion of Key Technologies for the Application of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Organic Waste Fertilizer Fruits and Vegetables"(SDNYXTTG-2023-29).
文摘An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agricultural control measures such as crop rotation,field cleaning,fertilizer and water management,physical control measures such as catching and killing,trapping,blocking,photoelectric energy treatment,biological control measures such as the use of natural enemies,pathogenic microorganisms,other beneficial organisms and metabolites,and scientific and rational chemical control measures.Comprehensive prevention and control not only controls vegetable diseases and pests effectively,but also protects the ecological environment.
基金Shandong Province Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Project(M2023241)Teaching and Research Project of Shandong Agricultural Engineering College(20XJNKY06,22XJKTY08,23XJSZZ01)+1 种基金Education and Scientific Research Planning Project of Shandong Provincial Education Development Promotion Association(JCHKT2024164)Jinan City School Integration Development Strategy Project(JNSX2023086)。
文摘Resource recycling science and engineering is a new interdisciplinary subject.In order to meet the needs of the development of the circular economy,it is highly necessary to improve students’innovative abilities and practical skills.This paper analyzes the problems existing in the practical teaching of this major and puts forward some approaches to the construction of practical teaching of resource-based major from the aspects of content system construction of practical teaching of resource recycling major,deep cooperation between schools and enterprises,construction of dual-teacher teams,and integration teaching of industry-university-research competition.It has effectively improved the training quality of applied talents in the resource recycling major.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31672104)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-27)+1 种基金Taishan Scholar Funded Project(Grant No.20190923)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2020MC131)。
文摘The cultivation of apples in replanted orchards is essential given limitations in land resources.However,the presence of Fusarium and phenolic acids in the replanted soil harms the soil environment,which impedes the sustainable development of the apple industry.In this study,earthworm was used as the fermentation precursor protein to optimize the fermentation conditions,and the inhibition mechanism of the fermentation product on Fusarium and its potential to repair the apple replant soil environment were explored.Laboratory experiments showed that the optimum initial pH,temperature and time of earthworm fermentation were 7,37℃ and 10 d,respectively.The inhibition rates of earthworm fermentation products against F.oxysporum,F.solani,F.proliferatum,and F.moniliforme were 79.8%,75.1%,78.7%and 79.2%,respectively.The inhibition rates of spore germination on F.oxysporum,F.solani,F.proliferatum,and F.moniliforme were 83.8%,87.3%,83.2%and84.8%,respectively.In the field,use 300 mL of earthworm fermentation products for each planting pits before planting.The experimental results showed that,compared with the control,the content of soil pathogenic Fusarium and phenolic acid in Wantou(W3)were decreased by75.1%and 59.8%,respectively,after treatment with earthworm fermentation products in 2019.Soil urease,phosphatase,sucrase and catalase activities increased by 383.2%,78.2%,130.3%and 43.5%,respectively.The fruit weight,anthocyanin content,soluble sugar,sugar-acid ratio,total ester ratio,total ester concentration and yield increased by 80.7%,60.6%,25.6%,50.3%,19.7%,262.4%and 193.5%,respectively,while titratable acid content decreased by 16.9%.In conclusion,earthworm fermentation products can be used as a sustainable amendment to control apple replant disease.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42077434,No.41771560Shandong Provincial Institutions of Higher Learning“Youth Innovation Team Development Plan”Project,No.2019RWG016。
文摘Based on the carrying capacity of the resources and the environment,this article defines the connotation of the land multifunctional space(LMFS)from three aspects,ecological protection,agricultural production and urban construction,in the new era of land space planning system.Moreover,a framework is constructed for the coordinated development of the multi-functional oriented space to match the use of land space(ULS)with the supply of resources and environment(SRE).Based on this,the technology and methods of comprehensive evaluation,dominance recognition,and matching relationship division functions of the use of land space(FULS)and functions of the supply of resources and environment(FSRE)are discussed.The advantageous functions of the use of land space(AFULS)and advantageous functions of the supply of resources and environment(AFSRE)are also identified in the study area.A LMFS coordinated development system integrating“function position-comprehensive partition-regulation strategy”is proposed.Through the empirical study of Shandong province,we found that,first,the FULS of ecological protection space in the province is mainly found in high value areas,and the FSRE is mainly in low value areas,which has certain complementarity in the space.The FULS of agricultural production space is mainly observed in high value areas,the FSRE is mainly in middle value areas,and the spatial distribution is balanced and staggered.The FULS of the urban construction space and the FSRE are mainly in middle values areas,and the spatial distribution is basically similar.Second,the FULS in the study area is dominated by the single advantage of agricultural production and urban construction,while the FSRE has a relatively balanced distribution of the advantages of ecological protection,single agricultural production and compound advantages of agricultural production and urban construction,and urban construction and ecological protection.The matching between the two is mainly at high and middle levels.Specifically,70%of the province’s land space still has a certain development and utilization potential,and 30%of ULS intensity is close to or exceeds the resource and environment carrying capacity.Third,considering the comprehensive impact of resource endowment,social and economic development and policy and institutional environment on different matching relationships,this paper constructs the land spatial development strategic pattern of“two screens-seven regions-multicore”positioning and“four regions-eight categories”hierarchical area of Shandong at the macro level,and puts forward a differentiated land space development strategy.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.30871688,30900967,and 31572077)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.201602665)the High Level and Innovative Talents Program of Shenyang(Grant No.RC170201).
文摘Most cherry orchards in China have low organic carbon content,though carbon is very important for plant growth.The changes in soil carbon and bacterial diversity were determined after different amounts of 12C-glucose were added to the rhizosphere of Cerasus sachalinensis.Soil bacteria diversity was measured using high throughput sequencing,and bacteria containing 13C-glucose were identified using DNA-SIP methods.The results demonstrated that soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)content and the soil respiratory rate were increased at 3 and 7 days after adding glucose.The soil organic carbon(SOC)content was decreased on the 7th day in the treatment where the added glucose-C was equivalent to the MBC content.SOC content was decreased on the 15th day after adding glucose-C equivalent to five times that of the soil MBC.Compared to the controls,the relative abundance of taxa at the phylum level displayed no significant change in the treatments with glucose-C added as 10%and equal amount of soil MBC 3–30 days after treatment.However,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly in the treatment with the addition of glucose-C equivalent to five times of soil MBC.The main changes were observed in the bacteria in several genera including A4,Flavisolibacter,Aquicella,and Candidatus Solibacter.DNA-SIP results indicated that the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas was the highest;these were the primary bacteria phylum and genus,respectively,from day 3 to day 15.In conclusion,the changing pattern demonstrated that with the addition of more glucose,the range of the bacterial communities changed more.Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas may be the bacteria promoting priming effect.
基金the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-28)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471854, 31601742)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for the Shandong Province Agriculture Research, China (SDAIT-06-03)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2011CQ007)
文摘Plant peptide hormones play important roles in plant growth and development. Among these hormones, the C-TERMINALLYENCODED PEPTIDE（CEP） belongs to a newly found peptide family that regulates root development in Arabidopsis as well as in other species. However, nothing is known about the CEP genes in apple（Malus×domestica, MdCEP）. In this study, a total of 27 apple CEP genes were identified through a genome-wide analysis and were phylogenetically divided into three classes（Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ）. The predicted MdCEP genes were distributed across 10 of 17 chromosomes with different densities. Next, the gene structures and motif compositions of the MdCEP genes were analyzed. Subsequently, the expression analysis suggested that the MdCEP genes were highly activated in roots and that MdCEP23 may play an important role in regulating the growth and development of roots. Moreover, all of the MdCEP genes were responsive to multiple abiotic stresses, indicating that MdCEP genes may be involved with various aspects of physiological processes in apple. Nearly one-third of MdCEP genes had a significant response to low nitrogen treatment. Most of the MdCEP genes were up-regulated under stress, including mannitol, polyethylene glycol（PEG） and abscisic acid（ABA）, suggesting that MdCEP genes may be involved in the drought stress response. This study provides insight into the putative functions of the MdCEP genes using a genome-wide analysis of the CEP gene family.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101844)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QC188 and ZR2022MC103).
文摘Recent publications have highlighted the development of an alternate cotton-peanut intercropping as a novel strat-egy to enhance agricultural productivity.In this article,we provide an overview of the progress made in the alternate cotton-peanut intercropping,specifically focusing on its yield benefits,environmental impacts,and the underlying mechanisms.In addition,we advocate for future investigations into the selection or development of appropriate crop varieties and agricultural equipment,pest management options,and the mechanisms of root-canopy interactions.This review is intended to provide a valuable reference for understanding and adopting an alternate intercropping system for sustainable cotton production.
文摘The grassland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)and Inner Mongolia Plateau(IMP),accounting for 73.9%of the total grassland area in China,is significant to food and ecological safety.Due to climate change and irrational human activities,grasslands on the two plateaus have severely degraded over recent decades.Understanding the dynamic changes of grassland and its driving forces is necessary to make effective measurements to prevent grassland degradation.Here,we selected the net primary productivity(NPP)as an indicator to quantitatively assess the dynamic variation of grassland and the relative roles of climate change and human activities on QTP and IMP from 2000 to 2016.The results found significant spatial variability of grassland on QTP.28.3%of the grassland experienced degradation and was mainly distributed in the southern QTP,versus 71.7%of the grassland was restored and mainly distributed in the central and northern QTP.In contrast,grassland on IMP didn’t show significant spatial variability.Most of the grassland on IMP was restored during the study period.Climate change(i.e.increased precipitation)was the dominant factor and could explain 72.8%and 84.4%of the restored grassland in QTP and IMP.Irrational human activities(i.e.overgrazing)were the main driving factors and could explain 72.9%and 100.0%of the degraded grassland on the two plateaus during the study period.Ecological restoration projects were favorable for grassland restoration on the two plateaus,and they contributed to 27.2%and 15.6%of the restored grassland in QTP and IMP,respectively.Therefore,climate changes on IMP were more favorable for grassland restoration,and human activities have a greater impact on the grassland variation on QTP.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601742)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2011CQ007)
文摘Auxin has been identified to play critical roles in regulating plant growth and development. The polar transport of auxin is regulated by auxin transporters. In the present study, an auxin efflux carrier gene MdPIN1 was cloned from Malusxdomestic, Royal Gala, and introduced into wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana （Col-0）. The transgenic plants exhibited the phenotype of inhibition of primary root （PR） elongation and increased lateral root （LR） number in compared with Col-＆ Overexpression of MdPIN1 affected auxin transport, and enhanced phototropic responses and geotropism reaction, whereas had no significant difference in the auxin biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the MdPIN1 gene plays a vital role in auxin transport and root development.
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2019JZZY020606)。
文摘With the continuous increase of large-scale pig farms,the disinfection of pig farm environment plays an extremely important part in the control and prevention of pig farm diseases in high-density breeding environment.As an important breeding place for pig farms,the farrowing house must be performed with scientific and standardized disinfection.In this paper,different disinfection modes were used to disinfect the empty farrowing houses of pig farms,and the total plate count,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and fungi were used as detection indicators to comprehensively evaluate the disinfection effect of the air microorganisms and the surface of the objects in the empty house after disinfection,with the aim to provide a basis for the establishment of a scientific pig farm environmental disinfection model.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the formulation stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and its killing effect on common pathogenic bacteria in the animal breeding environment and to provide a scientific basis for veterinary clinical application. [Methods] The stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was tested through an accelerated test and a long-term test. In the accelerated test, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and sodium hypochlorite were stored in 37 ℃ constant temperature incubators for 90 d, and the available chlorine contents were compared. In the long-term test, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was sealed and stored at room temperature, and its effective chlorine content and pH were measured regularly. In order to test its bactericidal effect in clinical use, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder, lime milk and 5% dilute glutaraldehyde solution were sprayed in groups to disinfect empty sheds in a pig farm, and the total colony count, Escherichia coli colony count, Staphylococcus aureus colony count and fungal colony count were used as testing indexes to comprehensively evaluate the disinfection effects on microorganisms in the air of the empty sheds and the surface of objects inside the sheds after disinfection. [Results] The 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder had an available chlorine loss rate of 7.92% in the accelerated test, and the loss rates of available chlorine content and pH of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder in the long-term test(240 d) were 1.52% and 1.87% at room temperature, respectively. In the test to detect the sterilization effects on the pig farm, the total colony count, E. coli colony count, S. aureus colony count and fungal colony count of samples treated with 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder were lower than those of other two groups(P<0.05), and the total colony count of samples disinfected with 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder after cleaning the dirt was 20 times lower than that of samples disinfected directly without cleaning. In conclusion, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was stable and effective in disinfection, and the presence of organic matter had little effect on the disinfection effect. [Conclusions] This study will provide important reference for the application of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder in veterinary clinic.
文摘Lakes are important ecological water sources in the Bashang Plateau. Its expansion or shrinkage directly affects the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding areas. In this study, Landsat images from 1984 to 2015 were selected to monitor the area of lakes in the Bashang Plateau and to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of lakes in the Bashang Plateau. The results showed that there were 47 lakes in the Bashang Plateau in 2015, with a total area of 37.63 km2, mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the region. From 1984 to 2015, the lakes in Bashang Plateau showed a shrinking trend. At the same time, there are obvious stage differences in lake changes. During 1984-1996, the number of lakes increased by 99 and the total area increased by 124.43 km2. From 1996 to 2015, the number of lakes decreased by 142, and the total area decreased by 183.96 km2. Before 1996, climate change was the dominant factor. However, the shrinkage of lakes after 1996 is the result of climate change and human activities. Among them, the large-scale planting of water consuming crops such as vegetables is the main human activity mode leading to lake shrinkage. This study will help to understand the expansion and contraction factors of the Bashang Plateau lakes in Hebei province and provide a reference for the future protection and management of the lakes.
文摘[Objectives]To select zucchini varieties suitable for cultivation in Zibo City and test its high-yield cultivation techniques.[Methods]Six zucchini varieties were introduced,and their commercial quality and yield were determined.[Results]The yield of Shengfeier,Xiuyu 170 and Xihulu 309 increased by 11.4%,6.9%and 4.6%,respectively compared with S68(control),and zucchini was straight,looked pleasing to the eye,and had strong disease resistance.[Conclusions]The zucchini varieties were selected and the high-quality,high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques were integrated.
文摘In view of the occurrence and aggravation of diseases and pests of horticultural crops,the management process should follow the basic policy of"prevention first,comprehensive control".Starting from the ecological system,agricultural,biological,physical and chemical means should be comprehensively applied to control diseases and pests below the economic injury level.
文摘With the rapid development of modern information technology, digital technology has gradually penetrated into all fields and links of the agricultural industry. Digital orchard reflects the comprehensive application of digital technology in orchard management. This study surveys and analyzes the current development of digital orchard, clarifies the development status and existing problems, and comes up with reasonable recommendations, to provide a certain reference and guidance for the construction of digital orchard in Zibo City of Shandong Province.
文摘In view of the series of problems found in the rural collective economic audit in Zhangdian District of Zibo City in the past five years,this study used empirical research methods to deeply analyze the current situation and existing problems of the village collective audit work.On this basis,typical cases were selected for in-depth analysis,the effects of different audit modes were compared,and the reliable paths to improve the efficiency of village collective audit were studied and considered.The results show that the social governance strategy plays a positive role in improving the efficiency of village collective audit.This study is expected to provide a reference for the improvement of village collective audit efficiency,and is of great significance to improve the village collective financial management and promote the improvement of the rural governance system.
基金financially supported by the National Public Welfare Industry Research Project of China(201504406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770706)
文摘Populus 9 euramericana ‘‘Neva'' is the main poplar species in China, where drought stress is becoming extremely urgent. We carried out this research to study the effects of drought stress on the photosynthesis of Populus 9 euramericana ‘‘Neva''. Drought stress was induced by 58–62%(light), 48–52%(moderate), and 38–42%(severe) relative soil moisture content(RSMC). The effects of drought stress on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and other related physiological parameters were investigated during treatment. Net photosynthetic rate(PN), and stomatal conductance decreased significantly and intercellular CO_2 concentration initially increased and then declined, whereas the stomatal limitation factors showed opposite trends in the light under moderate drought stress. Photosystem II(PSII) maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency,and photochemical quenching decreased gradually under drought stress, whereas nonphotochemical quenching initially increased and then declined. Superoxide dismutase,peroxidase, and catalase activities initially increased and then decreased as RSMC was reduced, whereas malondialdehyde(MDA) content and relative electric conductivity(REC) increased gradually. These results suggest that stomatal factors accounted for the decline in PNunder light and moderate drought stress, whereas leaf PNdecreased mainly due to non-stomatal factors under severe drought stress. PSII was damaged; thus, photosynthetic electron transfer was restricted, indicating that heat dissipation is important for the light protection mechanism of plants.Antioxidant enzymes increased at the beginning of treatment, and the increased MDA and REC led to cell membrane damage. These results suggest that poplar seedlings stabilized their photosynthetic apparatus by reducing the light trapping ability under light and moderate drought stress conditions. This helped dissipate heat and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity. Stomatal factors accounted for the decline in P_N, whereas damage to PSII and antioxidant enzymes under severe drought stress suggested that the decline in P_N was caused by non-stomatal restrictive factors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000900)the Special Fund for Taishan Scholars Project in Shandong Province, China (tspd20150213)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-15-15)。
文摘Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,significant achievements have been made in cotton production in China.China has maintained its position as the world’s largest cotton producer for 33 years(1983–2015),with average annual increases of 3.5 and 3.9% in the unit yield and total output of cotton,respectively.Cotton production has played an extremely important role in the development of the national economy and the improvement of living standards.Although the cotton planting area has been reduced in recent years,the total output has remained relatively unchanged due to the continuous increase in the unit yield.China’s dominant position in global cotton production is undoubtedly attributed to the progress and development of cotton cultivation technology.Over the past 70 years,China has established a high-yielding and high-efficiency cotton cultivation mode that corresponds to its national conditions,including a large population and a limited land area.Furthermore,cotton cultivation technology is constantly being innovated and developed to keep pace with the times.In this paper,we review the development of cotton production and cultivation in China over the past 70 years,with a particular focus on the innovation and development of cotton cultivation technology with Chinese characteristics.This review is intended to provide guidance for the sustainable development of China’s cotton production in the future and to provide a reference for global cotton production.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-34)
文摘The effect of different cold plasma treatments on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） seeds under simulated drought stress conditions was investigated.Polyethyleneglycol-6000（PEG 6000）with the mass fraction of 0%（purified water）, 5%, 10%,and 15% were applied to simulate the drought environment. The alfalfa seeds were treated with15 different power levels ranged between 0–280 W for 15 s. The germination potential,germination rate, germination index, seedling root length, seedling height, and vigor index were investigated. Results indicated significant differences between treated with proper power and untreated alfalfa seeds. With the increase of treatment power, these indexes mentioned above almost presented bimodal curves. Under the different mass fractions of PEG 6000, results showed that the lower power led to increased germination, and the seedlings presented good adaptability to different drought conditions. Meanwhile, higher power levels resulted in a decreased germination rate. Seeds treated with 40 W resulted in higher germination potential,germination rate, seedling height, root length, and vigor index. Vigor indexes of the treated seeds under different PEG 6000 stresses increased by 38.68%, 43.91%, 74.34%, and 39.20%respectively compared to CK_（0-0）, CK_（5-0）, CK_（10-0）, and CK_（15-0）（the control sample under 0%, 5%,10%, and 15% PEG 6000）. Therefore, 40 W was regarded as the best treatment in this research.Although the trend indexes of alfalfa seeds treated with the same power were statistically the same under different PEG 6000 stresses, the cold plasma treatment had a significant effect on the adaptability of alfalfa seeds in different drought environments. Thus, this kind of treatment is worth implementing to promote seed growth under drought situations.
