Black carbon （BC） concentration and meteorological data are measured discontinuously from May 2009 to March 2011,at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment （hereafter ＂QSSGEE＂）,located nea...Black carbon （BC） concentration and meteorological data are measured discontinuously from May 2009 to March 2011,at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment （hereafter ＂QSSGEE＂）,located near the terminal of the Laohugou No.12 Glacier in northwestern Qilian Shan,China.We measured the daily,monthly and seasonal variations of BC concentration in the atmosphere and discussed the possible emission sources.Black carbon background concentration in this region varied in the range of 18–72 ng/m 3 with the highest in summer and the lowest in autumn.The relations between BC concentration and surface wind direction indicated that BC concentration was higher when northwest wind prevails while lower when southeast wind prevails.Air masses backward trajectories showed the potential emission sources in the northwest.Significant positive correlations between daily mean BC concentration and relative humidity indicated that BC might be one of important cloud condensation nuclei.This hypothesis needs to be confirmed further through cloud microphysical features in this region.展开更多
This article, based on the field work took place on the zone of Tuomuer （托木尔） Peak, western Tian Shan （天山 ） during the period May 2008 to September 2009, obtained the spatial distribution of debris layer on t...This article, based on the field work took place on the zone of Tuomuer （托木尔） Peak, western Tian Shan （天山 ） during the period May 2008 to September 2009, obtained the spatial distribution of debris layer on the reference glaciers （Glacier No. 72, Glacier No. 74, Tuomuer Glacier） by detailed measurements of debris thickness and ablation rates on glacier and further by Spot-5 （5 m, 2005） high-resolution satellitic image applying remote sensing and geographic information systems approach to research the spatial distribution of debris layer on the zone of Tuomuer Peak. Specifically, the results indicate a sharp in ablation with debris cover thickness increasing from 0-4 cm followed by a decrease in ablation with debris thickness increasing beyond 4 cm for the glaciers No. 72 and No. 74. Spatial distributions of debris layer on the three reference glaciers have the same characteristics, the overall distribution from the vertical, the maximum thickness of debris in the glacier terminal, and the thickness of debris is constantly thinning since the end of the glacier increases with altitude. For the overall distribution from the horizontal, the regular pattern of debris thickness from both sides to the middle is diminishing. The debris on the zone of Tuomuer Peak mostly covered the glacier tongue and is mainly distributed below the altitude of 4 000 m; the area of debris covered approximate accounted for 14.9% on the entire glacier area in this region. Spatial distribution of debris layer on the zone of Tuomuer Peak is mainly affected by the elevation of the glacier terminal, followed by the slopes orientation, the sizes, and so on.展开更多
ABSTRACT： Samples were continuously collected from aerosol, fresh snow, and snow pits on Glacier No. 1 at Urumqi River source in eastern Tianshan （天山） Mountains. The deposition processes and the characteristics o...ABSTRACT： Samples were continuously collected from aerosol, fresh snow, and snow pits on Glacier No. 1 at Urumqi River source in eastern Tianshan （天山） Mountains. The deposition processes and the characteristics of mineral dust microparticles from aerosol to fresh snow, and then evolution to the snow pit were determined. Total dust microparticle concentration in the surface snow and aerosol showed a similar temporal variation trend, which was strongly associated with regional and local at- mospheric circulation in the Tianshan Mountains region of Central Asia. Especially from November to February, the correlation coefficient of microparticles concentration in surface snow and aerosol is very high （R2=0.7）. Vertical profiles of microparticles in the snow pits showed that observed dust layers were in high correlation with concentration peaks of large microparticles （d〉10 μm）, but low correlation with that of fine microparticles （d〈1μm）. Moreover, explicit post-depositional process of dust particles was studied by tracking some typical dust concentration peaks in the snow pit. We find that late sum- mer is a key period for post-deposition of dust particles in the snow, as particle concentration peaks in the snow pit evolve intensely during this period. Such evolutional pattern of large particles makes it possible to preserve information of atmospheric dust in the snow, which offers an available proof to reconstruct historical climate using ice cores on Glacier No. 1 and other gla- ciers in the Tianshan Mountains.展开更多
High-precision measuring of glacier evolution remains a challenge as the available global and regional remote sensing techniques cannot satisfactorily capture the local-scale processes of most small-and medium-sized m...High-precision measuring of glacier evolution remains a challenge as the available global and regional remote sensing techniques cannot satisfactorily capture the local-scale processes of most small-and medium-sized mountain glaciers.In this study,we use a high-precision local remote sensing technique,long-range terrestrial laser scanning(TLS),to measure the evolution of Urumqi Glacier No.1 at an annual scale.We found that the dense point clouds derived from the TLS survey can be used to reconstruct glacier surface terrain,with certain details,such as depressions,debris-covered areas,and supra-glacial drainages can be distinguished.The glacier experienced pronounced thickness thinning and continuous retreat over the last four mass-balance years(2015−2019).The mean surface slope of Urumqi Glacier No.1 gradually steepened,which may increase the removal of glacier mass.The glacier was deeply incised by two very prominent primary supra-glacial rivers,and those rivers presented a widening trend.Extensive networks of supra-glacial channels had a significant impact on accelerated glacier mass loss.High-precision measuring is of vital importance to understanding the annual evolution of this type of glacier.展开更多
After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for ...After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.展开更多
研究旨在探讨孕早期外周血中白细胞分化抗原44(cluster of differentiation 44,CD44,后类同)和CD69表达水平与子痫前期(preeclampsia)发生的关联,并评估指标与病情严重程度及新生儿结局的相关性。采用回顾性研究方法,收集2018年1月1日至...研究旨在探讨孕早期外周血中白细胞分化抗原44(cluster of differentiation 44,CD44,后类同)和CD69表达水平与子痫前期(preeclampsia)发生的关联,并评估指标与病情严重程度及新生儿结局的相关性。采用回顾性研究方法,收集2018年1月1日至2023年12月31日期间于深圳大学第一附属医院(深圳市第二人民医院)收治的100例子痫前期孕妇作为子痫前期组,同期100例健康孕妇作为对照组;采集入组孕妇的年龄、建册身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、建册血压、入院时BMI、入院时血压、随机尿蛋白定量、妊娠天数及新生儿出生体质量等临床资料,并通过ELISA检测研究对象孕早期外周血中游离CD44和CD69的表达。结果显示,子痫前期组孕早期外周血游离CD44和CD69水平显著低于对照组(均P<0.001);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在排除潜在混杂因素后,CD44和CD69仍显示出对子痫前期发生的独立影响(均P<0.001);此外,CD44和CD69的含量显著影响子痫前期病情的严重程度(均P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,CD44和CD69及联合检测预测子痫前期的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)均超过0.7,说明疾病预测效能较好,且以联合预测最佳(AUC=0.968,P<0.001);在新生儿结局方面,孕早期外周血中游离CD44和CD69水平与新生儿出生体质量及妊娠天数呈正相关(均P<0.05)。由此,孕早期外周血中CD44和CD69的表达水平可作为预测子痫前期发生的潜在生物标志物,并可能对评估子痫前期病情严重程度及新生儿结局提供辅助信息,为临床制订个性化筛查及预防策略提供参考。展开更多
确保临床试验数据的科学性和可靠性,是药物临床试验发展的关键,也是推动我国医药产业进步的重要举措。近年来,随着临床研究数据集复杂性的不断提升,传统统计方法的应用受到限制,机器学习(ML)方法被大量应用于观察性研究和预测模型中。...确保临床试验数据的科学性和可靠性,是药物临床试验发展的关键,也是推动我国医药产业进步的重要举措。近年来,随着临床研究数据集复杂性的不断提升,传统统计方法的应用受到限制,机器学习(ML)方法被大量应用于观察性研究和预测模型中。机器学习能有效分析和利用海量数据,提供个性化的诊断、治疗和预后预测,从而提高临床研究和决策的准确性和效率。然而,目前由于研究报告撰写规则尚不统一,研究报告质量参差不齐。2020年,学术期刊《Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes》发表的文章“临床研究中机器学习分析报告的建议”,探讨了机器学习分析结果进行透明和结构化报告的必要性,对采用机器学习技术的临床研究报告提出了系列规范建议。2024年4月,TRIPOD指南也更新了人工智能(AI)相关的报告规范。本研究以该分析报告为重点,借鉴TRIPOD+AI指南内容,探讨并整理了基于机器学习方法下我国临床研究报告的撰写规范,并提出建议,旨在让临床医生熟悉机器学习的基本原理,进一步提高我国药物临床试验专家学者应用机器学习方法促进临床研究的可重复性,加强临床研究报告撰写的规范性。展开更多
基金supported by the Global Change Research Program of China (No. 2010CB951401)the "Talent Project" of Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40901046)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences (No. SKLCS-ZZ-2008-01)the China Meteorological Administration (No. GYHY201106023)
文摘Black carbon （BC） concentration and meteorological data are measured discontinuously from May 2009 to March 2011,at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment （hereafter ＂QSSGEE＂）,located near the terminal of the Laohugou No.12 Glacier in northwestern Qilian Shan,China.We measured the daily,monthly and seasonal variations of BC concentration in the atmosphere and discussed the possible emission sources.Black carbon background concentration in this region varied in the range of 18–72 ng/m 3 with the highest in summer and the lowest in autumn.The relations between BC concentration and surface wind direction indicated that BC concentration was higher when northwest wind prevails while lower when southeast wind prevails.Air masses backward trajectories showed the potential emission sources in the northwest.Significant positive correlations between daily mean BC concentration and relative humidity indicated that BC might be one of important cloud condensation nuclei.This hypothesis needs to be confirmed further through cloud microphysical features in this region.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-311)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB951003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 1141001040, J0930003/J0109)the SKLCS Founding (No. SKLCS-ZZ-2010-04)
文摘This article, based on the field work took place on the zone of Tuomuer （托木尔） Peak, western Tian Shan （天山 ） during the period May 2008 to September 2009, obtained the spatial distribution of debris layer on the reference glaciers （Glacier No. 72, Glacier No. 74, Tuomuer Glacier） by detailed measurements of debris thickness and ablation rates on glacier and further by Spot-5 （5 m, 2005） high-resolution satellitic image applying remote sensing and geographic information systems approach to research the spatial distribution of debris layer on the zone of Tuomuer Peak. Specifically, the results indicate a sharp in ablation with debris cover thickness increasing from 0-4 cm followed by a decrease in ablation with debris thickness increasing beyond 4 cm for the glaciers No. 72 and No. 74. Spatial distributions of debris layer on the three reference glaciers have the same characteristics, the overall distribution from the vertical, the maximum thickness of debris in the glacier terminal, and the thickness of debris is constantly thinning since the end of the glacier increases with altitude. For the overall distribution from the horizontal, the regular pattern of debris thickness from both sides to the middle is diminishing. The debris on the zone of Tuomuer Peak mostly covered the glacier tongue and is mainly distributed below the altitude of 4 000 m; the area of debris covered approximate accounted for 14.9% on the entire glacier area in this region. Spatial distribution of debris layer on the zone of Tuomuer Peak is mainly affected by the elevation of the glacier terminal, followed by the slopes orientation, the sizes, and so on.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB951003)Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-311)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 1141001040 and J0930003/J0109)the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Founding (No. SKLCS-ZZ-2010-04)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from Ministry of Education of China (No. NCET-10-0019)
文摘ABSTRACT： Samples were continuously collected from aerosol, fresh snow, and snow pits on Glacier No. 1 at Urumqi River source in eastern Tianshan （天山） Mountains. The deposition processes and the characteristics of mineral dust microparticles from aerosol to fresh snow, and then evolution to the snow pit were determined. Total dust microparticle concentration in the surface snow and aerosol showed a similar temporal variation trend, which was strongly associated with regional and local at- mospheric circulation in the Tianshan Mountains region of Central Asia. Especially from November to February, the correlation coefficient of microparticles concentration in surface snow and aerosol is very high （R2=0.7）. Vertical profiles of microparticles in the snow pits showed that observed dust layers were in high correlation with concentration peaks of large microparticles （d〉10 μm）, but low correlation with that of fine microparticles （d〈1μm）. Moreover, explicit post-depositional process of dust particles was studied by tracking some typical dust concentration peaks in the snow pit. We find that late sum- mer is a key period for post-deposition of dust particles in the snow, as particle concentration peaks in the snow pit evolve intensely during this period. Such evolutional pattern of large particles makes it possible to preserve information of atmospheric dust in the snow, which offers an available proof to reconstruct historical climate using ice cores on Glacier No. 1 and other gla- ciers in the Tianshan Mountains.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001067)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(21JR7RA059)+4 种基金National Cryosphere Desert Data Center(20D03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771077)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20020102)Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0201)State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science(SKLCS-ZZ-2021).
文摘High-precision measuring of glacier evolution remains a challenge as the available global and regional remote sensing techniques cannot satisfactorily capture the local-scale processes of most small-and medium-sized mountain glaciers.In this study,we use a high-precision local remote sensing technique,long-range terrestrial laser scanning(TLS),to measure the evolution of Urumqi Glacier No.1 at an annual scale.We found that the dense point clouds derived from the TLS survey can be used to reconstruct glacier surface terrain,with certain details,such as depressions,debris-covered areas,and supra-glacial drainages can be distinguished.The glacier experienced pronounced thickness thinning and continuous retreat over the last four mass-balance years(2015−2019).The mean surface slope of Urumqi Glacier No.1 gradually steepened,which may increase the removal of glacier mass.The glacier was deeply incised by two very prominent primary supra-glacial rivers,and those rivers presented a widening trend.Extensive networks of supra-glacial channels had a significant impact on accelerated glacier mass loss.High-precision measuring is of vital importance to understanding the annual evolution of this type of glacier.
文摘After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.
文摘研究旨在探讨孕早期外周血中白细胞分化抗原44(cluster of differentiation 44,CD44,后类同)和CD69表达水平与子痫前期(preeclampsia)发生的关联,并评估指标与病情严重程度及新生儿结局的相关性。采用回顾性研究方法,收集2018年1月1日至2023年12月31日期间于深圳大学第一附属医院(深圳市第二人民医院)收治的100例子痫前期孕妇作为子痫前期组,同期100例健康孕妇作为对照组;采集入组孕妇的年龄、建册身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、建册血压、入院时BMI、入院时血压、随机尿蛋白定量、妊娠天数及新生儿出生体质量等临床资料,并通过ELISA检测研究对象孕早期外周血中游离CD44和CD69的表达。结果显示,子痫前期组孕早期外周血游离CD44和CD69水平显著低于对照组(均P<0.001);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在排除潜在混杂因素后,CD44和CD69仍显示出对子痫前期发生的独立影响(均P<0.001);此外,CD44和CD69的含量显著影响子痫前期病情的严重程度(均P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,CD44和CD69及联合检测预测子痫前期的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)均超过0.7,说明疾病预测效能较好,且以联合预测最佳(AUC=0.968,P<0.001);在新生儿结局方面,孕早期外周血中游离CD44和CD69水平与新生儿出生体质量及妊娠天数呈正相关(均P<0.05)。由此,孕早期外周血中CD44和CD69的表达水平可作为预测子痫前期发生的潜在生物标志物,并可能对评估子痫前期病情严重程度及新生儿结局提供辅助信息,为临床制订个性化筛查及预防策略提供参考。
文摘确保临床试验数据的科学性和可靠性,是药物临床试验发展的关键,也是推动我国医药产业进步的重要举措。近年来,随着临床研究数据集复杂性的不断提升,传统统计方法的应用受到限制,机器学习(ML)方法被大量应用于观察性研究和预测模型中。机器学习能有效分析和利用海量数据,提供个性化的诊断、治疗和预后预测,从而提高临床研究和决策的准确性和效率。然而,目前由于研究报告撰写规则尚不统一,研究报告质量参差不齐。2020年,学术期刊《Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes》发表的文章“临床研究中机器学习分析报告的建议”,探讨了机器学习分析结果进行透明和结构化报告的必要性,对采用机器学习技术的临床研究报告提出了系列规范建议。2024年4月,TRIPOD指南也更新了人工智能(AI)相关的报告规范。本研究以该分析报告为重点,借鉴TRIPOD+AI指南内容,探讨并整理了基于机器学习方法下我国临床研究报告的撰写规范,并提出建议,旨在让临床医生熟悉机器学习的基本原理,进一步提高我国药物临床试验专家学者应用机器学习方法促进临床研究的可重复性,加强临床研究报告撰写的规范性。
