AIM: To examine trends of uncontrolled total serum cholesterol, treatment and control in a Mediterranean region(Campania). METHODS: We considered and compared the data collected as part of "Montecorvino Rovella P...AIM: To examine trends of uncontrolled total serum cholesterol, treatment and control in a Mediterranean region(Campania). METHODS: We considered and compared the data collected as part of "Montecorvino Rovella Project" 1988-1989 and cross-sectional data from the two phases of the "VIP Project-Valle dell'Irno Prevenzione": 1998-1999(1stphase) and 2008-2009(2ndphase), in the 35-74-year-old-population. RESULTS: Data show a reduction of mean cholesterolemia in the last twenty years of 7.3 mg/dL for men and unchanged values for women. In the three surveys the mean values for serum cholesterol are in men: 205.2 ±47.1 mg/dL(1988/89), 200 ± 38.9 mg/dL(1998/99) and 197.9 ± 40.2 mg/dL(2008/09); in the women: 203.1 ± 42.5 mg/dL(1988/89), 198.9 ± 37.9 mg/dL(1998/99) and 203.3 ± 39.3 mg/dL(2008/09). Prevalence of uncontrolled high cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL for men decreased from 20.8%(1988/89) to 14.3%(1998/99) and 13.9%(2008/9), P = 0.002; for women the values decreased from 19.9%(1988/89), to 18.2%(1998/99) and 18.1%(2008/09), P = 0.007. Is statistically increased the number of patients treated and those treated to target. CONCLUSION: Encouraging increases in awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia occurred from 1988 through 2008. Nevertheless, control of hypercholesterolemia remains poor.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world and ...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world and the third due to disability. However, there are few data available that identify the risk factors associated with it and their weight in different populations (population risk). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Contribute to the knowledge of burden risk factors in stroke </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in a large cohort of Southern Italy</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The data refer to a randomized Campania cohort of 1200 subjects (35</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">74 years) enrolled in 2008-09. Ten years later (2018-19) they were re-evaluated. We analyzed data from 32 patients who reported a cerebrovascular event (stroke or TIA) with the event-free group of subjects (804 subjects: 378 men and 426 women). We evaluated: absolute risk, Odds Ratio (OR), Additional Risk (AR), Risk Attributable to the Population (PAR) and, finally, the Population Attributable risk Fraction (FAP). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In the comparison between the two groups (patients with events and patients without events) the risk factors with statistically significant differences were: age, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia and hyperinsulinemia. The ORs with the greatest impact were: blood glucose (5.1), BMI (3.3) and BPS (2.9). Linear regression analysis identified Glycemia and BMI as the only independent variables. The FAPs with the greatest impact were SBP (47.4%) and BMI (42.6%). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Discussion and Conclusions</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Our data confirm that the high incidence of stroke in Campania is particularly related to the high prevalence of obesity and hypertension. In the single patient, however, the risk factors with the greatest impact are: glycaemia BMI an SBP.</span></span>展开更多
Objective: To evaluate gene polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to dengue.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed with 262 subjects,comprising 78 dengue fever(DF) patients, 49 den...Objective: To evaluate gene polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to dengue.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed with 262 subjects,comprising 78 dengue fever(DF) patients, 49 dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF) patients and 135 healthy controls. Genotypic and allelic profiles were identified using polymerase chain reaction based in real time and amplification-refractory mutation system.Results: We observed a protective association of IL-10(-819 C/T) C allele(P = 0.028,OR = 0.56, CI = 0.34–0.91) against DHF, while the C/T(P = 0.047, OR = 2.10,CI = 1.01–4.38) and T/T(P = 0.008, OR = 3.82, CI = 1.38–10.59) genotypes were associated with DHF and DF, respectively. The dominant model TNFA-308 GA + AA(P = 0.043, OR = 0.45, CI = 0.20–1.00) genotypes were found to have protective effect against dengue infection. A protective association among the IFNG(+874 A/T) A/T genotype against DF(P = 0.02, OR = 0.46, CI = 0.24–0.89) and DHF(P = 0.034,OR = 0.43, CI = 0.19–0.95) was observed. When the studied single-nucleotide polymorphism was analyzed in combination, the combination GTA(P = 0.022, OR = 2.95,CI = 1.18–7.41) was statistically significantly associated with susceptibility to DF and the combination GCT(P = 0.035, OR = 0.28, CI = 0.08–0.90) with protection against the development of DHF.Conclusions: This research identifies the association of the IFNG(+874 A/T), TNFA(-308 G/A), IL-10(-819 C/T) genotypes as a factor for protection, susceptibility and severity to dengue.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are common lesions of the lower limbs.Approximately 40%of ankle fractures affect the posterior malleolus(PM).Historically,PM osteosynthesis was recommended when PM size in X-ray images was g...BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are common lesions of the lower limbs.Approximately 40%of ankle fractures affect the posterior malleolus(PM).Historically,PM osteosynthesis was recommended when PM size in X-ray images was greater than 25%of the joint.Currently,computed tomography(CT)has been gaining traction in the preoperative evaluation of ankle fractures.AIM To elucidate the similarity in dimensions and to correlate PM size in X-ray images with the articular surface of the affected tibial plafond in the axial view on CT(AXCT)of a PM fracture.METHODS Eighty-one patients(mean age:39.4±13.5 years)were evaluated(54.3%were male).Two independent examiners measured PM size in profile X-ray images(PMXR)and sagittal CT(SAGCT)slices.The correlation of the measurements between the examiners and the difference in the PM fragment sizes between the two images were compared.Next,the PM size in PMXR was compared with the surface of the tibial plafond involved in the fracture in AXCT according to the Haraguchi classification.RESULTS The correlation rates between the examiners were 0.93 and 0.94 for PMXR and SAGCT,respectively(P<0.001).Fragments were 2.12%larger in SAGCT than in PMXR(P=0.018).In PMXR,there were 56 cases<25%and 25 cases≥25%.When PMXR was<25%,AXCT corresponded to 10.13%of the tibial plafond.When PMXR was≥25%,AXCT was 24.52%(P<0.001).According to the Haraguchi classification,fracture types I and II had similar PMXR measurements that were greater than those of type III.When analyzing AXCT,a significant difference was found between the three types,with II>I>III(P<0.001).CONCLUSION PM fractures show different sizes using X-ray or CT images.CT showed a larger PM in the sagittal plane and allowed the visualization of the real dimensions of the tibial plafond surface.展开更多
The case describes the situation of a Brazilian accounting courses in undergraduate programmes middle-class family, as an alternative to teach introductory In its solution, it was used an accounting system, adapted to...The case describes the situation of a Brazilian accounting courses in undergraduate programmes middle-class family, as an alternative to teach introductory In its solution, it was used an accounting system, adapted to the needs of register, control, and information of the family equity, through the application of the content of introductory accounting. The authors aim to offer a didactic and playful alternative for the teaching of introductory accounting in undergraduation courses, such as business management, accountancy, economy, and others in which this course is offered. The aim is to show the integration of accounting contents offered in the course, applied to the most common and nearest experience of freshmen in their first year during the undergraduate program： the family. The case can be solved in two phases： In the first, during a class of up to 100 minutes, the professor develops six activities, culminating in the students answering up to four suggested questions; in the second, whose application is left to the professor, in another class further ahead, is numerical.展开更多
The angiotensin receptors type 1 (AT1) have affinity by Losartan?, low affinity to non-peptides antagonists and similar effect as Angiotensin-convert-enzyme inhibitors. It have been reported that natural and synthetic...The angiotensin receptors type 1 (AT1) have affinity by Losartan?, low affinity to non-peptides antagonists and similar effect as Angiotensin-convert-enzyme inhibitors. It have been reported that natural and synthetic products might reduce the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects related to stannous chloride (SnCl2). SnCl2 is used in nuclear medicine as a reducing agent to obtain technetium-99 m-radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cellular effects produced by a solution of Losartan? (25 mg/ml) on the survival of Escherichia coli AB1157 in the presence and absence of SnCl2, and on the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of the blood of Wistar rats. Briefly, blood sample was withdrawn by Wistar rats with heparinized syringe and incubated with Losartan? solution. Saline (NaCL 0.9%) was used as a control. The samples were gently mixed with hypotonic solutions of NaCl. After that it was centrifuged and the supernadant isolated for optical determination of the hemoglobin present. E. coli AB1157 cultures (exponential growth phase) were collected by centrifugation, washed and resuspended in 0.9%NaCl. Samples were incubated in water bath shaker with: (a) SnCl2 (25 μg/ml), (b) Losartan? (25 mg/ml) and (c) SnCl2 (25 μg/ml) + Losartan? (25 mg/ml). Incubation with 0.9% NaCl was also carried out (control). At 60 min intervals, aliquots were withdrawn, diluted, spread onto Petri dishes with solid LB medium and incubated overnight. The colonies formed were counted and the survival fractions calculated. Statistical analysis was performed. The results showed that there was a significantly increase (P < 0.05) in the osmotic fragility of the blood cells treated with Losartan?. Moreover, Losartan? was also able to protect the E. coli cultures against the lesive action of SnCl2. Although, in erythrocyte the osmotic fragility was increased by the presence of Losartan? that could 1) alter the physical properties of this cell, or 2) had a direct or indirect effect on the intracellular sodium concentration or 3) had acted on the cardiovascular system. It suggested that the Losartan? did interfere strongly with cellular metabolism and did alter the survival fractions of E. coli AB1157.展开更多
文摘AIM: To examine trends of uncontrolled total serum cholesterol, treatment and control in a Mediterranean region(Campania). METHODS: We considered and compared the data collected as part of "Montecorvino Rovella Project" 1988-1989 and cross-sectional data from the two phases of the "VIP Project-Valle dell'Irno Prevenzione": 1998-1999(1stphase) and 2008-2009(2ndphase), in the 35-74-year-old-population. RESULTS: Data show a reduction of mean cholesterolemia in the last twenty years of 7.3 mg/dL for men and unchanged values for women. In the three surveys the mean values for serum cholesterol are in men: 205.2 ±47.1 mg/dL(1988/89), 200 ± 38.9 mg/dL(1998/99) and 197.9 ± 40.2 mg/dL(2008/09); in the women: 203.1 ± 42.5 mg/dL(1988/89), 198.9 ± 37.9 mg/dL(1998/99) and 203.3 ± 39.3 mg/dL(2008/09). Prevalence of uncontrolled high cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL for men decreased from 20.8%(1988/89) to 14.3%(1998/99) and 13.9%(2008/9), P = 0.002; for women the values decreased from 19.9%(1988/89), to 18.2%(1998/99) and 18.1%(2008/09), P = 0.007. Is statistically increased the number of patients treated and those treated to target. CONCLUSION: Encouraging increases in awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia occurred from 1988 through 2008. Nevertheless, control of hypercholesterolemia remains poor.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world and the third due to disability. However, there are few data available that identify the risk factors associated with it and their weight in different populations (population risk). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Contribute to the knowledge of burden risk factors in stroke </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in a large cohort of Southern Italy</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The data refer to a randomized Campania cohort of 1200 subjects (35</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">74 years) enrolled in 2008-09. Ten years later (2018-19) they were re-evaluated. We analyzed data from 32 patients who reported a cerebrovascular event (stroke or TIA) with the event-free group of subjects (804 subjects: 378 men and 426 women). We evaluated: absolute risk, Odds Ratio (OR), Additional Risk (AR), Risk Attributable to the Population (PAR) and, finally, the Population Attributable risk Fraction (FAP). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In the comparison between the two groups (patients with events and patients without events) the risk factors with statistically significant differences were: age, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia and hyperinsulinemia. The ORs with the greatest impact were: blood glucose (5.1), BMI (3.3) and BPS (2.9). Linear regression analysis identified Glycemia and BMI as the only independent variables. The FAPs with the greatest impact were SBP (47.4%) and BMI (42.6%). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Discussion and Conclusions</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Our data confirm that the high incidence of stroke in Campania is particularly related to the high prevalence of obesity and hypertension. In the single patient, however, the risk factors with the greatest impact are: glycaemia BMI an SBP.</span></span>
基金supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa de Alagoas(FAPEAL)–Programa Primeiros Projetos(PPP/2011)
文摘Objective: To evaluate gene polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to dengue.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed with 262 subjects,comprising 78 dengue fever(DF) patients, 49 dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF) patients and 135 healthy controls. Genotypic and allelic profiles were identified using polymerase chain reaction based in real time and amplification-refractory mutation system.Results: We observed a protective association of IL-10(-819 C/T) C allele(P = 0.028,OR = 0.56, CI = 0.34–0.91) against DHF, while the C/T(P = 0.047, OR = 2.10,CI = 1.01–4.38) and T/T(P = 0.008, OR = 3.82, CI = 1.38–10.59) genotypes were associated with DHF and DF, respectively. The dominant model TNFA-308 GA + AA(P = 0.043, OR = 0.45, CI = 0.20–1.00) genotypes were found to have protective effect against dengue infection. A protective association among the IFNG(+874 A/T) A/T genotype against DF(P = 0.02, OR = 0.46, CI = 0.24–0.89) and DHF(P = 0.034,OR = 0.43, CI = 0.19–0.95) was observed. When the studied single-nucleotide polymorphism was analyzed in combination, the combination GTA(P = 0.022, OR = 2.95,CI = 1.18–7.41) was statistically significantly associated with susceptibility to DF and the combination GCT(P = 0.035, OR = 0.28, CI = 0.08–0.90) with protection against the development of DHF.Conclusions: This research identifies the association of the IFNG(+874 A/T), TNFA(-308 G/A), IL-10(-819 C/T) genotypes as a factor for protection, susceptibility and severity to dengue.
文摘BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are common lesions of the lower limbs.Approximately 40%of ankle fractures affect the posterior malleolus(PM).Historically,PM osteosynthesis was recommended when PM size in X-ray images was greater than 25%of the joint.Currently,computed tomography(CT)has been gaining traction in the preoperative evaluation of ankle fractures.AIM To elucidate the similarity in dimensions and to correlate PM size in X-ray images with the articular surface of the affected tibial plafond in the axial view on CT(AXCT)of a PM fracture.METHODS Eighty-one patients(mean age:39.4±13.5 years)were evaluated(54.3%were male).Two independent examiners measured PM size in profile X-ray images(PMXR)and sagittal CT(SAGCT)slices.The correlation of the measurements between the examiners and the difference in the PM fragment sizes between the two images were compared.Next,the PM size in PMXR was compared with the surface of the tibial plafond involved in the fracture in AXCT according to the Haraguchi classification.RESULTS The correlation rates between the examiners were 0.93 and 0.94 for PMXR and SAGCT,respectively(P<0.001).Fragments were 2.12%larger in SAGCT than in PMXR(P=0.018).In PMXR,there were 56 cases<25%and 25 cases≥25%.When PMXR was<25%,AXCT corresponded to 10.13%of the tibial plafond.When PMXR was≥25%,AXCT was 24.52%(P<0.001).According to the Haraguchi classification,fracture types I and II had similar PMXR measurements that were greater than those of type III.When analyzing AXCT,a significant difference was found between the three types,with II>I>III(P<0.001).CONCLUSION PM fractures show different sizes using X-ray or CT images.CT showed a larger PM in the sagittal plane and allowed the visualization of the real dimensions of the tibial plafond surface.
文摘The case describes the situation of a Brazilian accounting courses in undergraduate programmes middle-class family, as an alternative to teach introductory In its solution, it was used an accounting system, adapted to the needs of register, control, and information of the family equity, through the application of the content of introductory accounting. The authors aim to offer a didactic and playful alternative for the teaching of introductory accounting in undergraduation courses, such as business management, accountancy, economy, and others in which this course is offered. The aim is to show the integration of accounting contents offered in the course, applied to the most common and nearest experience of freshmen in their first year during the undergraduate program： the family. The case can be solved in two phases： In the first, during a class of up to 100 minutes, the professor develops six activities, culminating in the students answering up to four suggested questions; in the second, whose application is left to the professor, in another class further ahead, is numerical.
文摘The angiotensin receptors type 1 (AT1) have affinity by Losartan?, low affinity to non-peptides antagonists and similar effect as Angiotensin-convert-enzyme inhibitors. It have been reported that natural and synthetic products might reduce the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects related to stannous chloride (SnCl2). SnCl2 is used in nuclear medicine as a reducing agent to obtain technetium-99 m-radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cellular effects produced by a solution of Losartan? (25 mg/ml) on the survival of Escherichia coli AB1157 in the presence and absence of SnCl2, and on the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of the blood of Wistar rats. Briefly, blood sample was withdrawn by Wistar rats with heparinized syringe and incubated with Losartan? solution. Saline (NaCL 0.9%) was used as a control. The samples were gently mixed with hypotonic solutions of NaCl. After that it was centrifuged and the supernadant isolated for optical determination of the hemoglobin present. E. coli AB1157 cultures (exponential growth phase) were collected by centrifugation, washed and resuspended in 0.9%NaCl. Samples were incubated in water bath shaker with: (a) SnCl2 (25 μg/ml), (b) Losartan? (25 mg/ml) and (c) SnCl2 (25 μg/ml) + Losartan? (25 mg/ml). Incubation with 0.9% NaCl was also carried out (control). At 60 min intervals, aliquots were withdrawn, diluted, spread onto Petri dishes with solid LB medium and incubated overnight. The colonies formed were counted and the survival fractions calculated. Statistical analysis was performed. The results showed that there was a significantly increase (P < 0.05) in the osmotic fragility of the blood cells treated with Losartan?. Moreover, Losartan? was also able to protect the E. coli cultures against the lesive action of SnCl2. Although, in erythrocyte the osmotic fragility was increased by the presence of Losartan? that could 1) alter the physical properties of this cell, or 2) had a direct or indirect effect on the intracellular sodium concentration or 3) had acted on the cardiovascular system. It suggested that the Losartan? did interfere strongly with cellular metabolism and did alter the survival fractions of E. coli AB1157.
