Using multi-source reanalysis data,this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific-Atlantic SST Dipole Mode(TPA-DM)and summer precipitation in North China(NCSP)on the interannual timescale during the...Using multi-source reanalysis data,this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific-Atlantic SST Dipole Mode(TPA-DM)and summer precipitation in North China(NCSP)on the interannual timescale during the period of 1979-2022.The results show that the TPA-DM,the dominant pattern of interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic regions,exhibits a significant negative correlation with NCSP.The positive phase of TPA-DM induces subsidence over the Maritime Continent through a zonal circulation pattern,which initiates a Pacific-Japan-like wave train along the East Asian coast.The circulation anomalies lead to moisture deficits and convergence subsidence over North China,leading to below-normal rainfall.Further analysis reveals that cooler SST in the Southern Tropical Atlantic facilitates the persistence of the TPA-DM by stimulating the anomalous Walker circulation associated with wind-evaporation-SST-convection feedback.展开更多
Highlights By conjugating the same anti-N monoclonal antibody(mAb4-mAb1)with colloidal gold or fluorescent microspheres,this study developed two rapid point-of-care antigen immunochromatographic strips for the detecti...Highlights By conjugating the same anti-N monoclonal antibody(mAb4-mAb1)with colloidal gold or fluorescent microspheres,this study developed two rapid point-of-care antigen immunochromatographic strips for the detection of porcine deltacoronavirus.The fluorescent microsphere-based lateral flow test strip demonstrated a sensitivity of 10^(1.7)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL,which is fourfold higher than that of the colloidal gold-based assay.Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)is a recently identified enteric coronavirus that causes an acute infectious disease in piglets,leading to diarrhea,vomiting,dehydration,and mortality(Hu et al.2015).展开更多
The Microwave Land Surface Emissivity(MLSE)atlas and instantaneous simulation of all-sky/all-surface MLSE are important prerequisites for satellite data assimilation.A ten-day/month synthesized FengYun-3D MLSE atlas(N...The Microwave Land Surface Emissivity(MLSE)atlas and instantaneous simulation of all-sky/all-surface MLSE are important prerequisites for satellite data assimilation.A ten-day/month synthesized FengYun-3D MLSE atlas(New_FY3D)was constructed by the two global MLSE daily product datasets,clear-sky(FY-3D1)and clear/cloudy(FY-3D2),which were retrieved from the same FY-3D MicroWave Radiation Imager(MWRI)Level-1 brightness temperature(BT)data from 2021 to 2022,respectively.Then,a set of global MLSE label samples based on the New_FY3D,including 14 surface geophysical parameters,was obtained for an instantaneous global MLSE simulation at a 0.10°spatial resolution by adopting the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)machine learning method.Finally,the FengYun-3F(FY-3F)MWRI-II BT simulations using the Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS)based on the above different MLSE products were evaluated.The results show that the New_FY3D atlas performs well,and the BT simulation at the top of atmosphere is better than that of FY-3D1,FY-3D2,and the international mainstream TELSEM2(Version 2.0 for a Tool to Estimate Land Surface Emissivities in the Microwaves)atlas.Surface roughness,vegetation coverage,land cover type,and snow cover are vital parameters for MLSE simulation.The XGBoost model can accurately simulate all-sky/all-surface MLSE instantaneously over the frequency range 10.65–89.0 GHz.The average simulation determination coefficients(R^(2))under clear-sky and cloud-sky conditions are 0.925 and 0.901,respectively,and the average root-mean-square errors(RMSEs)are 0.018 and 0.021,respectively.Large simulation errors occur in permanent wetland,ice and snow,and urban and built-up areas.With a standard deviation of 6.6 K,the BT simulation based on an XGBoost simulated MLSE is better than those based on New_FY3D and TELSEM2.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Although the Confusion Assessment Methods for the Intensive Care Unit(CAMICU) is a recommended tool for diagnosing sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE),it has several limitations.Mismatch-negativity(MMN) a...BACKGROUND:Although the Confusion Assessment Methods for the Intensive Care Unit(CAMICU) is a recommended tool for diagnosing sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE),it has several limitations.Mismatch-negativity(MMN) and P3a are components of event-related potentials(ERPs) used with electroencephalography(EEG) and are associated with cerebral function changes in critically ill patients.This study aimed to provide a quantitative,non-invasive method to guide SAE diagnosis in nonsedated patients.METHODS:From January 2022 to March 2023,sepsis patients without sedation were enrolled and assessed via the CAM-ICU,Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS),and ERP under standard procedures.Both MMN and P3a data were collected.The diagnostic value of MMN and P3a was assessed with processed ERP data.RESULTS:Thirty-six patients were included in this study,comprising 19 patients with SAE and 17 patients without SAE(NSAE).MMN and P3a amplitudes decreased,and only FzMMN amplitude significantly decreased in SAE patients(2.03 [1.08,2.93] mV vs.3.21 [1.92,4.34] mV,P=0.040).After median dichotomization,low F3P3a and FzP3a amplitudes were associated with higher CAM-ICU positivity rates and APACHE II scores.Both amplitude in F3P3a(AUC=0.710,95%CI:0.527–0.893,P=0.034) and FzP3a(AUC=0.700,95%CI:0.519–0.881,P=0.041) exhibited moderate diagnostic efficacy for SAE,while FzMMN amplitude lacks effective diagnostic value.CONCLUSION:In this pilot study,ERP components F3P3a and FzP3a amplitudes demonstrated moderate diagnostic value for SAE.These exploratory findings require confirmation in larger and powered cohorts.展开更多
Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)forme...Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)formed within a northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic-scale(with periods<10 days)wave train,concurring with a developing intraseasonal(10–90 days)oscillation and an elongated low-frequency(>90 days)monsoon trough in the western North Pacific.Impacted by continuously increasing vertical wind shear,the TC long maintained a highly asymmetric convective structure.Prior to RI onset,the synoptic-scale circulation and the inner-core asymmetric convection of Hato(2017)greatly strengthened,which are the key factors believed to trigger RI.A multi-timescale eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wind convergence associated with the intraseasonal circulation and monsoon trough led to barotropic energy conversion that largely enhanced the synoptic-scale cyclonic circulation.Besides,the pronounced increases in midlevel relative humidity(RH)and surface latent heat flux(LHF)were observed upshear before RI onset,which were primarily driven by the strong intraseasonal and synoptic-scale RH anomalies and the strengthened low-level wind speed,respectively.The increased LHF and midlevel RH,together with the enhanced downshear confluence between synoptic-scale and Intraseasonal Oscillation(ISO)/low-frequency winds,could have helped the intensification of asymmetric convection that supports RI onset.Overall,this study suggests that the interactions across multiple timescales may create favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that promoted RI onset,offering new insights into RI processes for highly asymmetric tropical cyclones like Hato(2017).展开更多
Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for p...Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.The aim of this study is to explore the landscape of genetic variants,the relationship between specific variants and clinical phenotypes,and the impact on clinical decision-making in China.A total of 1536 probands(median age,37 years;1025 males[66.7%])with suspected hereditary cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia(covering 15 clinical phenotypes)are recruited from 146 hospitals across 30 provinces and cities in China.Positive results are confirmed in 390 of 1536 probands,leading to a diagnostic yield of 25.4%.Forty-two and three-tenths percent(n=169)of family members carry the same variants as positive probands.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)are the predominant phenotypes,with MYBPC3 variants having the highest frequency in HCM and TTN variants in DCM.In 76.9%of the positive probands,the identified variants are helpful in clinical management,family screening,and fertility.This large-scale study provides significant insights into the genetic landscape of hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias in China.展开更多
Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emi...Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify t...BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify the lactate-based clinical phenotypes and outcomes of sepsis patients.METHODS:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV)and eICU databases were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study.Adult sepsis patients were included.Lactate was measured via blood gas,and the same assay type was used across both databases.Serial lactate measurements were analyzed via a two-point classification system based on the highest values recorded during two consecutive 24-hour periods following ICU admission.The fi rst measurement window(T1)comprised the initial 24 h post-admission,whereas the second window(T2)covered 24-48 h post-admission.The lactate diff erence was defi ned as the numerical change between the highest lactate level at T2 and the highest level at T1.The time interval between these two measurements was fi xed,with T2 commencing immediately after T1,together encompassing the fi rst 48 h post-ICU admission.A normal lactate level was defi ned as≤2 mmol/L,and an elevated level was defi ned as>2 mmol/L.Sepsis patients were stratifi ed into four trajectory phenotypes:(1)normal-normal(N-N);(2)normal-elevated(N-E);(3)elevated-normal(E-N);and(4)elevated-elevated(E-E).The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.RESULTS:This study enrolled 6,926 sepsis patients.The clinical phenotypes of the sepsis patients were as follows:N-N(24.4%),N-E(3.8%),E-N(36.4%),and E-E(35.3%).The in-hospital mortality rates of sepsis patients with the four phenotypes from the MIMIC-IV and eICU databases were as follows(N-N:18.9%vs.17.6%,P=0.66;N-E:35.3%vs.29.2%,P=0.45;E-N:16.6%vs.14.2%,P=0.14;E-E:43.6%vs.37.8%,P=0.01).After adjusting for age,sex,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score,vasopressor therapy,and infection sites,the N-E phenotype was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality(odds ratio[OR]1.44;95%confidence intervals[95%CI]1.11-1.86;P=0.006;adjusted OR 1.61;95%CI 1.23-2.11;P<0.001).The E-N phenotype was associated with the most favorable outcomes for in-hospital mortality in the multivariable analysis(adjusted OR 0.41;95%CI 0.36-0.46;P<0.001).The E-E phenotype was associated with the highest risk of in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort(adjusted OR 3.00;95%CI 2.67-3.37;P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In sepsis patients with normal initial lactate levels,serial lactate measurements could be valuable for prognostic assessment.展开更多
Objectives:Phosphodiesterase 1A(PDE1A)regulates intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and has been implicated in tumor progression,but its clinical relevance and functional role in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),p...Objectives:Phosphodiesterase 1A(PDE1A)regulates intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and has been implicated in tumor progression,but its clinical relevance and functional role in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),particularly in relation to the response to platinum remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of PDE1A in EOG and to clarify its functional role in tumor progression and response to platinum-based chemotherapy.Methods:PDE1A mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using public databases,RNA sequencing,and immunohistochemistry.Correlations between PDE1A expression,clinicopathological features,and prognosis were assessed.Functional roles were investigated in ovarian cancer cell lines.Results:PDE1A was significantly overexpressed in EOC tissues compared with that in normal ovarian epithelial tissues.Overexpression correlated with advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage,poor tumor grade,and reduced response to platinum-based chemotherapy.High PDE1A levels were linked to worse disease-free survival and overall survival,and multivariate analysis confirmed PDE1A as an independent prognostic factor.To elucidate its functional role,we performed in vitro experiments showing that PDE1A knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation,induced G1 arrest,and downregulatedβ-catenin signaling with reduced cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression.Notably,these inhibitory effects were partially rescued by lithium chloride(LiCl),a Wingless-related integration site(Wnt)/β-catenin activator.Conclusions:In conclusion,our findings identify PDE1A as a Wnt/β-catenin-linked biomarker of tumor progression and platinum resistance in EOC and provide a biological rationale for further investigation of PDE1A-targeted strategies in preclinical models.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore the lagged and cumulative effects of risk factors on disability in older adults using distributed lag non-linear models(DLNMs).Methods We utilized data from the China Health and ...Objectives This study aimed to explore the lagged and cumulative effects of risk factors on disability in older adults using distributed lag non-linear models(DLNMs).Methods We utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).After feature selection via Elastic Net Regularization,we applied DLNMs to evaluate the lagged effects of risk factors.Disability was defined as the presence of any difficulties in basic activities of daily living(BADL).The cumulative relative risk(CRR)was calculated by summing the lag-specific risk estimates,representing the cumulative disability risk over the specified lag period.Effect modifications and sensitivity analyses were also performed.Results This study included a total of 2,318 participants.Early-phase lag factors,such as the difficulty in stooping(CRR=3.58;95%CI:2.31-5.55;P<0.001)and walking(CRR=2.77;95%CI:1.39-5.55;P<0.001),exerted the strongest effects immediately upon occurrence.Mid-phase lag factors,such as arthritis(CRR=1.51;95%CI:1.10-2.06;P=0.001),showed a resurgence in disability risk within 2-3 years.Late-phase lag factors,including depressive symptoms(CRR=2.38;95%CI:1.30-4.35;P<0.001)and elevated systolic blood pressure(CRR=1.64;95%CI:1.06-2.79;P=0.02),exhibited significant long-term cumulative risks.Conversely,grip strength(CRR=0.80;95%CI:0.54-0.95;P=0.02)and social participation(CRR=0.89;95%CI:0.73-0.99;P=0.04)were significant protective factors.Conclusions The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions that account for various lag characteristics of different factors to effectively mitigate disability risk.Future studies should explore the underlying biological and sociological mechanisms of these lagged effects,identify intervention strategies that target risk factors with different lagged patterns,and evaluate their effectiveness.展开更多
This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the pred...This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined.Additionally,the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity prediction are analyzed.Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu’s track and intensity.The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration,while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h.Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC’s warm-core structure.展开更多
In this study,tropical cyclone(TC)translation speed was introduced as a new similarity factor within the generalized initial value(GIV)framework,enhancing the disaster preassessment capability of the dynamical statist...In this study,tropical cyclone(TC)translation speed was introduced as a new similarity factor within the generalized initial value(GIV)framework,enhancing the disaster preassessment capability of the dynamical statistical analog ensemble forecast model for landfalling TC disasters(DSAEF_LTD model).Three TC translation speed indicators most relevant to TC precipitation were incorporated:the maximum speed on Day 1(the first day of TC-induced precipitation and wind occurring on land)and the average and minimum speeds over All Days(all days of TC-induced precipitation and wind occurring on land),all classified using the Kmeans clustering algorithm.Simulation experiments showed that integrating TC translation speed enhanced the model's performance.The model provided a better optimal common scheme,with the TSS UM(sum of threat scores for severe and above and extremely severe and above disasters)increasing by 2.66%(from 0.5117 to 0.5253)compared with the original model.More importantly,its preassessment ability improved significantly,with the average TSS UM for independent samples increasing by 6.43%(from 0.6488 to0.6905).The modified model demonstrated greater accuracy in capturing disaster severity and distribution of TCs with significant speed characteristics or with regular tracks.This improvement stemmed from reduced false alarms due to the selection of analogs that are more similar to the target TC.The enhanced preassessment ability can be attributed to the key role of TC translation speed,which significantly influences TC precipitation patterns and improves TC precipitation forecasting.Since precipitation is one of the most crucial disaster-causing factors,better TC precipitation forecasting leads to improved disaster preassessment outcomes.These findings emphasize the promising potential of the DSAEF_LTD model for future TC disaster research and management,contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations 2030 Agenda by strengthening coastal resilience.展开更多
Using high-resolution observations,mesoscale simulations,and idealized experiments,this study investigates the mechanisms governing an episode of orographic convection initiation(CI)during the North China Heavy Rainfa...Using high-resolution observations,mesoscale simulations,and idealized experiments,this study investigates the mechanisms governing an episode of orographic convection initiation(CI)during the North China Heavy Rainfall Experiment.On 4 August 2024,repeated CI occurred over the eastern slopes of the Taihang Mountains in the late afternoon,subsequently enhancing an upstream downhill convective storm.Wind profiler radar data and dense automatic weather stations reveal that CI was supported by strengthening southeasterly upslope winds.These winds primarily resulted from the migration of the mountain-plain solenoid and the mountainward-propagating outflow from a convective cold pool over the plain,with sensitivity experiments showing the latter contributed roughly 22%of the wind strength.The upslope flows gradually transported unstable air from the plain to the slope,fostering CI.Mesoscale simulations further highlight the key role of orographic waves near the mountain ridge,which generated strong downslope winds.The near-surface convergence between downslope and upslope flows,combined with wave-induced divergence aloft,produced deep ascent over the slope.Removing mountain ridges weakened wave strength and reduced downslope wind speeds by~8 m s^(-1).Without orographic heating in the idealized simulation(i.e.,no mountain-plain solenoid),only strong wave descent occurred below 2??km,inhibiting CI.These findings underscore the critical interplay among plain convection,orographic waves,and the mountain-plain solenoid,offering new insight into the processes controlling orographic CI in North China.展开更多
The infrared channels of the FY-4B advanced geosynchronous radiation imagers(AGRI) play a crucial role in temperature and humidity analyses for mesoscale numerical weather prediction, particularly in enhancing the ini...The infrared channels of the FY-4B advanced geosynchronous radiation imagers(AGRI) play a crucial role in temperature and humidity analyses for mesoscale numerical weather prediction, particularly in enhancing the initial field quality and the forecasting accuracy of the model. This study assimilated FY-4B AGRI data into the CMA-MESO model and analyzed the bias characteristics and correction methods. Analysis of the AGRI data revealed a clear diurnal variation in the bias, which was positively correlated with the solar elevation angle. However, the diurnal variation in the bias lagged behind the solar elevation angle, likely owing to temperature changes and delayed instrument responses resulting from solar radiation. To address this issue, we propose a correction method that utilizes the solar elevation angle after an optimal time shift. Using the time-shifted solar elevation angle as a predictor effectively reduces the diurnal variation in bias and significantly improves the correction effect. This approach provides theoretical support for the assimilation of FY-4B AGRI data into mesoscale numerical weather predictions, thereby enhancing the reliability of the assimilation results.展开更多
The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risk...The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risks,including floods and droughts.Recent research associated with the implementation of the Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project under the umbrella of CMIP6 has advanced our understanding of its historical variability and driving mechanisms.Observational data reveal a 20th-century shift:increased rainfall pre-1950s,followed by aridification and partial recovery post-1980s,driven by both internal variability(e.g.,Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation)and external forcings(greenhouse gases,aerosols),while ENSO drives interannual variability through ocean-atmosphere interactions.Future projections under greenhouse forcing suggest long-term monsoon intensification,though regional disparities and model uncertainties persist.Models indicate robust trends but struggle to quantify extremes,where thermodynamic effects(warming-induced moisture rise)uniformly boost heavy rainfall,while dynamical shifts(circulation changes)create spatial heterogeneity.Volcanic eruptions and proposed solar radiation modification(SRM)further complicate predictions:tropical eruptions suppress monsoons,whereas high-latitude events alter cross-equatorial flows,highlighting unresolved feedbacks.The emergent constraint approach is booming in terms of correcting future projections and reducing uncertainty with respect to the global monsoons.Critical challenges remain.Model biases and sparse 20th-century observational data hinder accurate attribution.The interplay between natural variability and anthropogenic forcings,along with nonlinear extreme precipitation risks under warming,demands deeper mechanistic insights.Additionally,SRM’s regional impacts and hemispheric monsoon interactions require systematic evaluation.Addressing these gaps necessitates enhanced observational networks,refined climate models,and interdisciplinary efforts to disentangle multiscale drivers,ultimately improving resilience strategies for monsoon-dependent regions.展开更多
Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphys...Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphysical processes such as raindrop evaporation and cloud water accretion in a double-moment six-class cloud microphysics scheme were revised to enhance the simulation of low clouds using the Global-Regional Integrated Forecast System(GRIST)model. The validation of the revised scheme using a single-column version of the GRIST demonstrated a reasonable reduction in liquid water biases. The revised parameterization simulated medium-and low-level cloud fractions that were in better agreement with the observations than the original scheme. Long-term global simulations indicate the mitigation of the originally overestimated low-level cloud fraction and cloud-water mixing ratio in mid-to high-latitude regions,primarily owing to enhanced accretion processes and weakened raindrop evaporation. The reduced low clouds with the revised scheme showed better consistency with satellite observations, particularly at mid-and high-latitudes. Further improvements can be observed in the simulated cloud shortwave radiative forcing and vertical distribution of total cloud cover. Annual precipitation in mid-latitude regions has also improved, particularly over the oceans, with significantly increased large-scale and decreased convective precipitation.展开更多
Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation...Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.展开更多
In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural a...In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.展开更多
Background:Mastitis seriously affects the mammary health of humans and animals.Studies have found that inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the occur-rence and development of mastitis.Therefore,in-depth...Background:Mastitis seriously affects the mammary health of humans and animals.Studies have found that inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the occur-rence and development of mastitis.Therefore,in-depth research on related molecular mechanisms is of great significance.Methods:Postpartum mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital and administered lipopolysaccharide to develop the mouse mastitis model.Proteomic analysis was per-formed to compare protein expression in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic retic-ulum membranes(MAM)from two mouse mammary gland groups.Western blot was used to detect the expression of MAM-related proteins in mitochondria.AlphaFold3 was used to predict the molecular structures of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2(PACS2)and mitofusin 2(MFN2)and their interaction levels.The MFN2-PACS2 interaction was investigated using co-immunoprecipitation and small interfer-ing RNA.Results:The results showed that the inflammation level in the mammary gland tissue of mice with mastitis significantly increased,the total antioxidant capacity decreased,and the expression of MAM-related proteins MFN2 and PACS2 was significantly downregulated.In cell experiments,overexpression of MFN2 can inhibit inflamma-tion and oxidative stress responses,and promote the interaction between MFN2 and PACS2 to affect the formation of MAMs.Conclusion:In summary,this study suggests that mastitis can alter the expression of MAM-related proteins in mouse breast tissue.The interaction between MFN2 and PACS2 regulates the formation of MAMs.Overexpression of MFN2 can promote the formation of MAMs and inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress response in mam-mary epithelial cells.Our results provided a new theoretical basis and potential thera-peutic targets for the prevention and treatment of mastitis.展开更多
At present,the identification of tropical cyclone remote precipitation(TRP)requires subjective participation,leading to inconsistent results among different researchers despite adopting the same identification standar...At present,the identification of tropical cyclone remote precipitation(TRP)requires subjective participation,leading to inconsistent results among different researchers despite adopting the same identification standard.Thus,establishing an objective identification method is greatly important.In this study,an objective synoptic analysis technique for TRP(OSAT_TRP)is proposed to identify TRP using daily precipitation datasets,historical tropical cyclone(TC)track data,and the ERA5 reanalysis data.This method includes three steps:first,independent rain belts are separated,and those that might relate to TCs'remote effects are distinguished according to their distance from the TCs.Second,the strong water vapor transport belt from the TC is identified using integrated horizontal water vapor transport(IVT).Third,TRP is distinguished by connecting the first two steps.The TRP obtained through this method can satisfy three criteria,as follows:1)the precipitation occurs outside the circulation of TCs,2)the precipitation is affected by TCs,and 3)a gap exists between the TRP and TC rain belt.Case diagnosis analysis,compared with subjective TRP results and backward trajectory analyses using HYSPLIT,indicates that OSAT_TRP can distinguish TRP even when multiple TCs in the Northwest Pacific are involved.Then,we applied the OSAT_TRP to select typical TRPs and obtained the synoptic-scale environments of the TRP through composite analysis.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program[grant number-ber 2019QZKK0103]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42293294]the China Meteorological Admin-istration Climate Change Special Program[grant number QBZ202303]。
文摘Using multi-source reanalysis data,this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific-Atlantic SST Dipole Mode(TPA-DM)and summer precipitation in North China(NCSP)on the interannual timescale during the period of 1979-2022.The results show that the TPA-DM,the dominant pattern of interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic regions,exhibits a significant negative correlation with NCSP.The positive phase of TPA-DM induces subsidence over the Maritime Continent through a zonal circulation pattern,which initiates a Pacific-Japan-like wave train along the East Asian coast.The circulation anomalies lead to moisture deficits and convergence subsidence over North China,leading to below-normal rainfall.Further analysis reveals that cooler SST in the Southern Tropical Atlantic facilitates the persistence of the TPA-DM by stimulating the anomalous Walker circulation associated with wind-evaporation-SST-convection feedback.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0703600)。
文摘Highlights By conjugating the same anti-N monoclonal antibody(mAb4-mAb1)with colloidal gold or fluorescent microspheres,this study developed two rapid point-of-care antigen immunochromatographic strips for the detection of porcine deltacoronavirus.The fluorescent microsphere-based lateral flow test strip demonstrated a sensitivity of 10^(1.7)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL,which is fourfold higher than that of the colloidal gold-based assay.Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)is a recently identified enteric coronavirus that causes an acute infectious disease in piglets,leading to diarrhea,vomiting,dehydration,and mortality(Hu et al.2015).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2242211)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Major Project(Grant No.2021JC0009).
文摘The Microwave Land Surface Emissivity(MLSE)atlas and instantaneous simulation of all-sky/all-surface MLSE are important prerequisites for satellite data assimilation.A ten-day/month synthesized FengYun-3D MLSE atlas(New_FY3D)was constructed by the two global MLSE daily product datasets,clear-sky(FY-3D1)and clear/cloudy(FY-3D2),which were retrieved from the same FY-3D MicroWave Radiation Imager(MWRI)Level-1 brightness temperature(BT)data from 2021 to 2022,respectively.Then,a set of global MLSE label samples based on the New_FY3D,including 14 surface geophysical parameters,was obtained for an instantaneous global MLSE simulation at a 0.10°spatial resolution by adopting the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)machine learning method.Finally,the FengYun-3F(FY-3F)MWRI-II BT simulations using the Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS)based on the above different MLSE products were evaluated.The results show that the New_FY3D atlas performs well,and the BT simulation at the top of atmosphere is better than that of FY-3D1,FY-3D2,and the international mainstream TELSEM2(Version 2.0 for a Tool to Estimate Land Surface Emissivities in the Microwaves)atlas.Surface roughness,vegetation coverage,land cover type,and snow cover are vital parameters for MLSE simulation.The XGBoost model can accurately simulate all-sky/all-surface MLSE instantaneously over the frequency range 10.65–89.0 GHz.The average simulation determination coefficients(R^(2))under clear-sky and cloud-sky conditions are 0.925 and 0.901,respectively,and the average root-mean-square errors(RMSEs)are 0.018 and 0.021,respectively.Large simulation errors occur in permanent wetland,ice and snow,and urban and built-up areas.With a standard deviation of 6.6 K,the BT simulation based on an XGBoost simulated MLSE is better than those based on New_FY3D and TELSEM2.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(No.2021-1-I2M-020)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (No.2022-PUMCH-B-109)National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402543)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Although the Confusion Assessment Methods for the Intensive Care Unit(CAMICU) is a recommended tool for diagnosing sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE),it has several limitations.Mismatch-negativity(MMN) and P3a are components of event-related potentials(ERPs) used with electroencephalography(EEG) and are associated with cerebral function changes in critically ill patients.This study aimed to provide a quantitative,non-invasive method to guide SAE diagnosis in nonsedated patients.METHODS:From January 2022 to March 2023,sepsis patients without sedation were enrolled and assessed via the CAM-ICU,Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS),and ERP under standard procedures.Both MMN and P3a data were collected.The diagnostic value of MMN and P3a was assessed with processed ERP data.RESULTS:Thirty-six patients were included in this study,comprising 19 patients with SAE and 17 patients without SAE(NSAE).MMN and P3a amplitudes decreased,and only FzMMN amplitude significantly decreased in SAE patients(2.03 [1.08,2.93] mV vs.3.21 [1.92,4.34] mV,P=0.040).After median dichotomization,low F3P3a and FzP3a amplitudes were associated with higher CAM-ICU positivity rates and APACHE II scores.Both amplitude in F3P3a(AUC=0.710,95%CI:0.527–0.893,P=0.034) and FzP3a(AUC=0.700,95%CI:0.519–0.881,P=0.041) exhibited moderate diagnostic efficacy for SAE,while FzMMN amplitude lacks effective diagnostic value.CONCLUSION:In this pilot study,ERP components F3P3a and FzP3a amplitudes demonstrated moderate diagnostic value for SAE.These exploratory findings require confirmation in larger and powered cohorts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF0807000)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42305004,42175073 and 42175013)supported partly by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M743283).
文摘Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)formed within a northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic-scale(with periods<10 days)wave train,concurring with a developing intraseasonal(10–90 days)oscillation and an elongated low-frequency(>90 days)monsoon trough in the western North Pacific.Impacted by continuously increasing vertical wind shear,the TC long maintained a highly asymmetric convective structure.Prior to RI onset,the synoptic-scale circulation and the inner-core asymmetric convection of Hato(2017)greatly strengthened,which are the key factors believed to trigger RI.A multi-timescale eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wind convergence associated with the intraseasonal circulation and monsoon trough led to barotropic energy conversion that largely enhanced the synoptic-scale cyclonic circulation.Besides,the pronounced increases in midlevel relative humidity(RH)and surface latent heat flux(LHF)were observed upshear before RI onset,which were primarily driven by the strong intraseasonal and synoptic-scale RH anomalies and the strengthened low-level wind speed,respectively.The increased LHF and midlevel RH,together with the enhanced downshear confluence between synoptic-scale and Intraseasonal Oscillation(ISO)/low-frequency winds,could have helped the intensification of asymmetric convection that supports RI onset.Overall,this study suggests that the interactions across multiple timescales may create favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that promoted RI onset,offering new insights into RI processes for highly asymmetric tropical cyclones like Hato(2017).
基金supported by Science,Technology&Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area(2023XAGG0069)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2703100)+2 种基金National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(824B2011 to Z.W.)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2023-PUMCH-E-012).
文摘Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.The aim of this study is to explore the landscape of genetic variants,the relationship between specific variants and clinical phenotypes,and the impact on clinical decision-making in China.A total of 1536 probands(median age,37 years;1025 males[66.7%])with suspected hereditary cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia(covering 15 clinical phenotypes)are recruited from 146 hospitals across 30 provinces and cities in China.Positive results are confirmed in 390 of 1536 probands,leading to a diagnostic yield of 25.4%.Forty-two and three-tenths percent(n=169)of family members carry the same variants as positive probands.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)are the predominant phenotypes,with MYBPC3 variants having the highest frequency in HCM and TTN variants in DCM.In 76.9%of the positive probands,the identified variants are helpful in clinical management,family screening,and fertility.This large-scale study provides significant insights into the genetic landscape of hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias in China.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275039)the Meteorological Joint Fund by NSF and CMA(Grant No.U2342224)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3701202)the S&T Development Fund of CAMS(Grant No.2024KJ019)。
文摘Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402543)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-109)+2 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-020)Opening Foundation of Agile and Intelligent Computing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSpecial Research Fund for Central Universities,Peking Union Medical College (3332024120)
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify the lactate-based clinical phenotypes and outcomes of sepsis patients.METHODS:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV)and eICU databases were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study.Adult sepsis patients were included.Lactate was measured via blood gas,and the same assay type was used across both databases.Serial lactate measurements were analyzed via a two-point classification system based on the highest values recorded during two consecutive 24-hour periods following ICU admission.The fi rst measurement window(T1)comprised the initial 24 h post-admission,whereas the second window(T2)covered 24-48 h post-admission.The lactate diff erence was defi ned as the numerical change between the highest lactate level at T2 and the highest level at T1.The time interval between these two measurements was fi xed,with T2 commencing immediately after T1,together encompassing the fi rst 48 h post-ICU admission.A normal lactate level was defi ned as≤2 mmol/L,and an elevated level was defi ned as>2 mmol/L.Sepsis patients were stratifi ed into four trajectory phenotypes:(1)normal-normal(N-N);(2)normal-elevated(N-E);(3)elevated-normal(E-N);and(4)elevated-elevated(E-E).The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.RESULTS:This study enrolled 6,926 sepsis patients.The clinical phenotypes of the sepsis patients were as follows:N-N(24.4%),N-E(3.8%),E-N(36.4%),and E-E(35.3%).The in-hospital mortality rates of sepsis patients with the four phenotypes from the MIMIC-IV and eICU databases were as follows(N-N:18.9%vs.17.6%,P=0.66;N-E:35.3%vs.29.2%,P=0.45;E-N:16.6%vs.14.2%,P=0.14;E-E:43.6%vs.37.8%,P=0.01).After adjusting for age,sex,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score,vasopressor therapy,and infection sites,the N-E phenotype was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality(odds ratio[OR]1.44;95%confidence intervals[95%CI]1.11-1.86;P=0.006;adjusted OR 1.61;95%CI 1.23-2.11;P<0.001).The E-N phenotype was associated with the most favorable outcomes for in-hospital mortality in the multivariable analysis(adjusted OR 0.41;95%CI 0.36-0.46;P<0.001).The E-E phenotype was associated with the highest risk of in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort(adjusted OR 3.00;95%CI 2.67-3.37;P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In sepsis patients with normal initial lactate levels,serial lactate measurements could be valuable for prognostic assessment.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant,funded by the Korean government(MIST),Jae-Hoon Kim(NRF-2020R1A2C2004782)Hanbyoul Cho(NRF-RS-2025-00522191)of Funderssupported by the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation(NRF),funded by the Korean Government(MSIT),Jae-Hoon Kim of Funder(NRF-2017M3A9B 8069610).
文摘Objectives:Phosphodiesterase 1A(PDE1A)regulates intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and has been implicated in tumor progression,but its clinical relevance and functional role in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),particularly in relation to the response to platinum remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of PDE1A in EOG and to clarify its functional role in tumor progression and response to platinum-based chemotherapy.Methods:PDE1A mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using public databases,RNA sequencing,and immunohistochemistry.Correlations between PDE1A expression,clinicopathological features,and prognosis were assessed.Functional roles were investigated in ovarian cancer cell lines.Results:PDE1A was significantly overexpressed in EOC tissues compared with that in normal ovarian epithelial tissues.Overexpression correlated with advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage,poor tumor grade,and reduced response to platinum-based chemotherapy.High PDE1A levels were linked to worse disease-free survival and overall survival,and multivariate analysis confirmed PDE1A as an independent prognostic factor.To elucidate its functional role,we performed in vitro experiments showing that PDE1A knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation,induced G1 arrest,and downregulatedβ-catenin signaling with reduced cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression.Notably,these inhibitory effects were partially rescued by lithium chloride(LiCl),a Wingless-related integration site(Wnt)/β-catenin activator.Conclusions:In conclusion,our findings identify PDE1A as a Wnt/β-catenin-linked biomarker of tumor progression and platinum resistance in EOC and provide a biological rationale for further investigation of PDE1A-targeted strategies in preclinical models.
基金supported by ScientificResearch Fund of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China-Major Science and Technology Program for Medicine and Health in Zhejiang Province(WKJ-ZJ-2406).
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore the lagged and cumulative effects of risk factors on disability in older adults using distributed lag non-linear models(DLNMs).Methods We utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).After feature selection via Elastic Net Regularization,we applied DLNMs to evaluate the lagged effects of risk factors.Disability was defined as the presence of any difficulties in basic activities of daily living(BADL).The cumulative relative risk(CRR)was calculated by summing the lag-specific risk estimates,representing the cumulative disability risk over the specified lag period.Effect modifications and sensitivity analyses were also performed.Results This study included a total of 2,318 participants.Early-phase lag factors,such as the difficulty in stooping(CRR=3.58;95%CI:2.31-5.55;P<0.001)and walking(CRR=2.77;95%CI:1.39-5.55;P<0.001),exerted the strongest effects immediately upon occurrence.Mid-phase lag factors,such as arthritis(CRR=1.51;95%CI:1.10-2.06;P=0.001),showed a resurgence in disability risk within 2-3 years.Late-phase lag factors,including depressive symptoms(CRR=2.38;95%CI:1.30-4.35;P<0.001)and elevated systolic blood pressure(CRR=1.64;95%CI:1.06-2.79;P=0.02),exhibited significant long-term cumulative risks.Conversely,grip strength(CRR=0.80;95%CI:0.54-0.95;P=0.02)and social participation(CRR=0.89;95%CI:0.73-0.99;P=0.04)were significant protective factors.Conclusions The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions that account for various lag characteristics of different factors to effectively mitigate disability risk.Future studies should explore the underlying biological and sociological mechanisms of these lagged effects,identify intervention strategies that target risk factors with different lagged patterns,and evaluate their effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2023YFC3008004]。
文摘This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined.Additionally,the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity prediction are analyzed.Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu’s track and intensity.The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration,while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h.Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC’s warm-core structure.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province(No.SCSF202307)the Basic Research Fund of CAMS(No.2023Z016)+1 种基金the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(No.42275037)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change。
文摘In this study,tropical cyclone(TC)translation speed was introduced as a new similarity factor within the generalized initial value(GIV)framework,enhancing the disaster preassessment capability of the dynamical statistical analog ensemble forecast model for landfalling TC disasters(DSAEF_LTD model).Three TC translation speed indicators most relevant to TC precipitation were incorporated:the maximum speed on Day 1(the first day of TC-induced precipitation and wind occurring on land)and the average and minimum speeds over All Days(all days of TC-induced precipitation and wind occurring on land),all classified using the Kmeans clustering algorithm.Simulation experiments showed that integrating TC translation speed enhanced the model's performance.The model provided a better optimal common scheme,with the TSS UM(sum of threat scores for severe and above and extremely severe and above disasters)increasing by 2.66%(from 0.5117 to 0.5253)compared with the original model.More importantly,its preassessment ability improved significantly,with the average TSS UM for independent samples increasing by 6.43%(from 0.6488 to0.6905).The modified model demonstrated greater accuracy in capturing disaster severity and distribution of TCs with significant speed characteristics or with regular tracks.This improvement stemmed from reduced false alarms due to the selection of analogs that are more similar to the target TC.The enhanced preassessment ability can be attributed to the key role of TC translation speed,which significantly influences TC precipitation patterns and improves TC precipitation forecasting.Since precipitation is one of the most crucial disaster-causing factors,better TC precipitation forecasting leads to improved disaster preassessment outcomes.These findings emphasize the promising potential of the DSAEF_LTD model for future TC disaster research and management,contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations 2030 Agenda by strengthening coastal resilience.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC3013003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.424B2033 and 42475002)+3 种基金projects supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant Nos.SML2024SP035,SML2024SP012,311024001)the Guangdong Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant Nos.2024A1515510005 and2025A1515011974)the Key Innovation Team of the China Meteorological Administration(Grant No.CMA2023ZD08)the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology(Grant No.2025QZA10)。
文摘Using high-resolution observations,mesoscale simulations,and idealized experiments,this study investigates the mechanisms governing an episode of orographic convection initiation(CI)during the North China Heavy Rainfall Experiment.On 4 August 2024,repeated CI occurred over the eastern slopes of the Taihang Mountains in the late afternoon,subsequently enhancing an upstream downhill convective storm.Wind profiler radar data and dense automatic weather stations reveal that CI was supported by strengthening southeasterly upslope winds.These winds primarily resulted from the migration of the mountain-plain solenoid and the mountainward-propagating outflow from a convective cold pool over the plain,with sensitivity experiments showing the latter contributed roughly 22%of the wind strength.The upslope flows gradually transported unstable air from the plain to the slope,fostering CI.Mesoscale simulations further highlight the key role of orographic waves near the mountain ridge,which generated strong downslope winds.The near-surface convergence between downslope and upslope flows,combined with wave-induced divergence aloft,produced deep ascent over the slope.Removing mountain ridges weakened wave strength and reduced downslope wind speeds by~8 m s^(-1).Without orographic heating in the idealized simulation(i.e.,no mountain-plain solenoid),only strong wave descent occurred below 2??km,inhibiting CI.These findings underscore the critical interplay among plain convection,orographic waves,and the mountain-plain solenoid,offering new insight into the processes controlling orographic CI in North China.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3004004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (42075155,12241104)National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund (U2342213)。
文摘The infrared channels of the FY-4B advanced geosynchronous radiation imagers(AGRI) play a crucial role in temperature and humidity analyses for mesoscale numerical weather prediction, particularly in enhancing the initial field quality and the forecasting accuracy of the model. This study assimilated FY-4B AGRI data into the CMA-MESO model and analyzed the bias characteristics and correction methods. Analysis of the AGRI data revealed a clear diurnal variation in the bias, which was positively correlated with the solar elevation angle. However, the diurnal variation in the bias lagged behind the solar elevation angle, likely owing to temperature changes and delayed instrument responses resulting from solar radiation. To address this issue, we propose a correction method that utilizes the solar elevation angle after an optimal time shift. Using the time-shifted solar elevation angle as a predictor effectively reduces the diurnal variation in bias and significantly improves the correction effect. This approach provides theoretical support for the assimilation of FY-4B AGRI data into mesoscale numerical weather predictions, thereby enhancing the reliability of the assimilation results.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608904)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.060GJHZ2023079GC and 134111KYSB20160031)+1 种基金supported by the Office of Science,U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional and Global Model Analysis program area through the Water Cycle and Climate Extremes Modeling(WACCEM)scientific focus areaoperated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830。
文摘The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risks,including floods and droughts.Recent research associated with the implementation of the Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project under the umbrella of CMIP6 has advanced our understanding of its historical variability and driving mechanisms.Observational data reveal a 20th-century shift:increased rainfall pre-1950s,followed by aridification and partial recovery post-1980s,driven by both internal variability(e.g.,Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation)and external forcings(greenhouse gases,aerosols),while ENSO drives interannual variability through ocean-atmosphere interactions.Future projections under greenhouse forcing suggest long-term monsoon intensification,though regional disparities and model uncertainties persist.Models indicate robust trends but struggle to quantify extremes,where thermodynamic effects(warming-induced moisture rise)uniformly boost heavy rainfall,while dynamical shifts(circulation changes)create spatial heterogeneity.Volcanic eruptions and proposed solar radiation modification(SRM)further complicate predictions:tropical eruptions suppress monsoons,whereas high-latitude events alter cross-equatorial flows,highlighting unresolved feedbacks.The emergent constraint approach is booming in terms of correcting future projections and reducing uncertainty with respect to the global monsoons.Critical challenges remain.Model biases and sparse 20th-century observational data hinder accurate attribution.The interplay between natural variability and anthropogenic forcings,along with nonlinear extreme precipitation risks under warming,demands deeper mechanistic insights.Additionally,SRM’s regional impacts and hemispheric monsoon interactions require systematic evaluation.Addressing these gaps necessitates enhanced observational networks,refined climate models,and interdisciplinary efforts to disentangle multiscale drivers,ultimately improving resilience strategies for monsoon-dependent regions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42375153,42105153,42205157)Development of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023KJ038)。
文摘Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphysical processes such as raindrop evaporation and cloud water accretion in a double-moment six-class cloud microphysics scheme were revised to enhance the simulation of low clouds using the Global-Regional Integrated Forecast System(GRIST)model. The validation of the revised scheme using a single-column version of the GRIST demonstrated a reasonable reduction in liquid water biases. The revised parameterization simulated medium-and low-level cloud fractions that were in better agreement with the observations than the original scheme. Long-term global simulations indicate the mitigation of the originally overestimated low-level cloud fraction and cloud-water mixing ratio in mid-to high-latitude regions,primarily owing to enhanced accretion processes and weakened raindrop evaporation. The reduced low clouds with the revised scheme showed better consistency with satellite observations, particularly at mid-and high-latitudes. Further improvements can be observed in the simulated cloud shortwave radiative forcing and vertical distribution of total cloud cover. Annual precipitation in mid-latitude regions has also improved, particularly over the oceans, with significantly increased large-scale and decreased convective precipitation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325112)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2411700,2023YFC2411705)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2023)the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-009,2022-PUMCH-B-064,2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB541801).
文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB0760102),the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFF0802501)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Maintenance and Transformation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan-Phospherus Project(No.23YF1426200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0212200).
文摘In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32302826 and 32372961Jilin Provincial Special Project for Health Research Talents,Grant/Award Number:2020SCZ40China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M740623。
文摘Background:Mastitis seriously affects the mammary health of humans and animals.Studies have found that inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the occur-rence and development of mastitis.Therefore,in-depth research on related molecular mechanisms is of great significance.Methods:Postpartum mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital and administered lipopolysaccharide to develop the mouse mastitis model.Proteomic analysis was per-formed to compare protein expression in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic retic-ulum membranes(MAM)from two mouse mammary gland groups.Western blot was used to detect the expression of MAM-related proteins in mitochondria.AlphaFold3 was used to predict the molecular structures of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2(PACS2)and mitofusin 2(MFN2)and their interaction levels.The MFN2-PACS2 interaction was investigated using co-immunoprecipitation and small interfer-ing RNA.Results:The results showed that the inflammation level in the mammary gland tissue of mice with mastitis significantly increased,the total antioxidant capacity decreased,and the expression of MAM-related proteins MFN2 and PACS2 was significantly downregulated.In cell experiments,overexpression of MFN2 can inhibit inflamma-tion and oxidative stress responses,and promote the interaction between MFN2 and PACS2 to affect the formation of MAMs.Conclusion:In summary,this study suggests that mastitis can alter the expression of MAM-related proteins in mouse breast tissue.The interaction between MFN2 and PACS2 regulates the formation of MAMs.Overexpression of MFN2 can promote the formation of MAMs and inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress response in mam-mary epithelial cells.Our results provided a new theoretical basis and potential thera-peutic targets for the prevention and treatment of mastitis.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX22_1136)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(No.42275037)+2 种基金the Basic Research Fund of CAMS(No.2023Z016)the Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province(No.SCSF202202)supported by the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change。
文摘At present,the identification of tropical cyclone remote precipitation(TRP)requires subjective participation,leading to inconsistent results among different researchers despite adopting the same identification standard.Thus,establishing an objective identification method is greatly important.In this study,an objective synoptic analysis technique for TRP(OSAT_TRP)is proposed to identify TRP using daily precipitation datasets,historical tropical cyclone(TC)track data,and the ERA5 reanalysis data.This method includes three steps:first,independent rain belts are separated,and those that might relate to TCs'remote effects are distinguished according to their distance from the TCs.Second,the strong water vapor transport belt from the TC is identified using integrated horizontal water vapor transport(IVT).Third,TRP is distinguished by connecting the first two steps.The TRP obtained through this method can satisfy three criteria,as follows:1)the precipitation occurs outside the circulation of TCs,2)the precipitation is affected by TCs,and 3)a gap exists between the TRP and TC rain belt.Case diagnosis analysis,compared with subjective TRP results and backward trajectory analyses using HYSPLIT,indicates that OSAT_TRP can distinguish TRP even when multiple TCs in the Northwest Pacific are involved.Then,we applied the OSAT_TRP to select typical TRPs and obtained the synoptic-scale environments of the TRP through composite analysis.
