BACKGROUND The use of network pharmacology and blood metabolomics to study the patho-genesis of violent aggression in patients with schizophrenia and the related drug mechanisms of action provides new directions for r...BACKGROUND The use of network pharmacology and blood metabolomics to study the patho-genesis of violent aggression in patients with schizophrenia and the related drug mechanisms of action provides new directions for reducing the risk of violent aggression and optimizing treatment plans.AIM To explore the metabolic regulatory mechanism of olanzapine in treating patients with schizophrenia with a moderate to high risk of violent aggression.METHODS Metabolomic technology was used to screen differentially abundant metabolites in patients with schizophrenia with a moderate to high risk of violent aggression before and after olanzapine treatment,and the related metabolic pathways were identified.Network pharmacology was used to establish protein-protein interaction networks of the core targets of olanzapine.Gene Ontology functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were subsequently performed.RESULTS Compared with the healthy group,the patients with schizophrenia group presented significant changes in the levels of 24 metabolites related to the disruption of 9 metabolic pathways,among which the key pathways were the alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways.After treatment with olanzapine,the levels of 10 differentially abundant metabolites were significantly reversed in patients with schizophrenia.Olanzapine effectively regulated six metabolic pathways,among which the key pathways were alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways.Ten core targets of olanzapine were involved in several key pathways.CONCLUSION The metabolic pathways of alanine,aspartate,and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis are the key pathways involved in olanzapine treatment for aggressive schizophrenia.展开更多
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling networks in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Although the tumor microenvironment(TME)and epig...The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling networks in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Although the tumor microenvironment(TME)and epigenetic modifiers are recognized to play a pivotal role in aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in OSCC,the available evidence is fragmentary and a comprehensive analysis is warranted.This review evaluates the intricate mechanisms by which various components of the TME facilitate proliferation,apoptosis evasion,invasion,migration,angiogenesis,metastasis,as well as therapy resistance in OSCC through activation of PI3K/AKT signalling.The review has also analysed how epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and noncoding RNAs that have emerged as key players in orchestrating OSCC development and progression influence the PI3K/AKT pathway.Preclinical studies and clinical trials on the efficacy of PI3K/AKT inhibitors as viable options for OSCC treatment are discussed.Overall,this review supports the tenet that the PI3K/AKT pathway,which functions as a central hub through crosstalk with several oncogenic signaling pathways and overarching impact on all the hallmark traits of cancer,offers immense potential as a biomarker and oncotherapeutic target for OSCC.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchi...OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma in children.METHODS:In an observational study and prospective cohort study,we observed children in remission of asthma at three class Ⅲ grade A TCM hospitals in Liaoning,Hubei,and Chengdu.RESULTS:A total of 609 children conformed to diagnostic and inclusive standards for remission of bronchial asthma.Through follow-up visits,we observed their skin reactions and the time and chance of treatment with different therapies in the three hospitals;we also compared and analyzed different drugs,acupoints,and preparations.We found that the key Chinese drugs were Bai Jie Zi(Semen Sinapis Albae) and Yian Hu Suo(Rhizoma Corydalis);the key acupoints were Feishu(BL 13),Gaohuang(BL 43),Dingchuan(EX-B1),Tiantu(CV 22),and Shanzhong(CV 17);and the best preparation was a mixture of drugs,ginger juice,and musk.Acupoint application was practiced on the hottest days of summer and the coldest days of winter for 0.5 to 2 h with the lowest rate of asthma relapse.CONCLUSIONS:The present data analysis shows that the curative effect of acupoint application for "treatment of winter disease in summer" may be influenced by recipes of Chinese drugs,preparations,prescriptions of acupoints,chance,time,and skin reactions.A curative effect is the result of the comprehensive action of these factors.展开更多
Genomic instability and mutations caused by increases in oxidative stress during pregnancy can damage the fetoplacental unit and can upshot preterm birth.Oxidative damage to DNA may possibly be involved in etiology of...Genomic instability and mutations caused by increases in oxidative stress during pregnancy can damage the fetoplacental unit and can upshot preterm birth.Oxidative damage to DNA may possibly be involved in etiology of preterm birth(PTB)which can be repaired by DNA repair gene.In the present study,we assessed the association of base excision repair gene family by analyzing the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and genes expression in 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1(OGG1)and apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1(APE1)genes with risk of preterm birth in Saudi women.We analyzed genotypes of four single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(rs1052133,rs293795,rs2072668 and rs2075747)in OGG1 gene and three SNPs(rs1130409,rs3136814,and rs3136817)in APE1 gene using TaqMan Genotyping assay kits in 50 pairs of preterm cases and individually matched controls.Also,gene expression level was explored by RT-PCR in 10 pairs of preterm placental tissues and individually matched normal placental tissues.Two OGG1 SNP,rs1052133(OR=0.497;c2=1.11;p=0.292)and rs2072668(OR=0.408;c2=1.90;p=0.167)and one APE1 SNP rs3136817(OR=0.458;c2=0.40;p=0.527)showed nonsignificant protective effect against PTB development.The expression of both genes under study was found lower in the PTB patients.Genotype and allele frequencies of both gene SNPs did not show any association with the risk of preterm delivery in Saudi women(P˃0.05).However,synthesis and release of OGG1 and APE1 proteins decreased in preterm placental tissues compared to term delivery reflects the probability of being one of the mechanisms leading to preterm birth.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Mechanism studies have indicated that magnesium(Mg)and calcium(Ca)have important biological functions in glucose regulation,but epidemiological data on their associations with glycosyl ated h...Background and Objectives:Mechanism studies have indicated that magnesium(Mg)and calcium(Ca)have important biological functions in glucose regulation,but epidemiological data on their associations with glycosyl ated hemoglobin(HbA1c)are sparse.We aimed to explore the associations of Mg and Ca with abnormal HbA1c,and examine the mediating effects of inflammation in coronary artery disease(CAD)Chinese adults.Methods and Study Design:A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 11934 patients with CAD was conducted.Serum Mg and Ca concentrations were measured.Results:In multivariable analyses,Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inverse ly associated with abnormal HbA1c(Q4 vs Q1:ORMg:0.61,95%CIMg:0.53,0.71;ORMg/Ca ratio:0.67,95%CIMg/Ca ratio:0.54,0.84).However,null association of Ca with abnormal HbA1c was shown(Q4 vs Q1:OR:1.15,95%CI:0.92,1.44).Serum Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inversely associated with abnormal fasting blood glucose(FBG).In contrast,serum Ca was positively associated with abnormal FBG.Path analysis indicated that there were no mediating effects of hypersensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)on Mg and Mg/Ca-abnormal HbA1c as sociations.Conclusions:Our study suggested that serum Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inversely associated with ab normal HbA1c in Chinese adults with CAD.The Mg-abnormal HbA1c relationship might not be mediated by hsCRP.展开更多
Objective： To provide an evidence-based overview regarding the efficacy of Ashi points stimulation for the treatment of shoulder pain. Methods： A comprehensive search [PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,...Objective： To provide an evidence-based overview regarding the efficacy of Ashi points stimulation for the treatment of shoulder pain. Methods： A comprehensive search [PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Chongqing Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals （VIP） and Wanfang Database] was conducted to identify randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of Ashi points stimulation for shoulder pain compared with conventional treatment. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.0 was used for data synthesis. Results： Nine trials were included. Seven studies assessed the effectiveness of Ashi points stimulation on response rate compared with conventional acupuncture. Their results suggested significant effect in favour of Ashi points stimulation [odds ratio （OR）： 5.89, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 2.97 to 11.67, P〈0.01, heterogeneity： x 2=3.81, P=0.70, 12=0% ]. One trial compared Ashi points stimulation with drug therapy. The result showed there was a significantly greater recovery rate in group of Ashi points stimulation （OR： 9.58, 95% CI： 2.69 to 34.12）. One trial compared comprehensive treatment on the myofascial trigger points （MTrPs） with no treatment and the result was in favor of MTrPs. Conclusions： Ashi points stimulation might be superior to conventional acupuncture, drug therapy and no treatment for shoulder pain. However, due to the low methodological quality of included studies, a firm conclusion could not be reached until further studies of high quality are available.展开更多
Whispering gallery mode(WGM)microbubble cavities are a versatile optofluidic sensing platform owing to their hollow core geometry.To increase the light–matter interaction and,thereby,achieve higher sensitivity,thinwa...Whispering gallery mode(WGM)microbubble cavities are a versatile optofluidic sensing platform owing to their hollow core geometry.To increase the light–matter interaction and,thereby,achieve higher sensitivity,thinwalled microbubbles are desirable.However,a lack of knowledge about the precise geometry of hollow microbubbles prevents us from having an accurate theoretical model to describe the WGMs and their response to external stimuli.In this work,we provide a complete characterization of the wall structure of a microbubble and propose a theoretical model for the WGMs in this thin-walled microcavity based on the optical waveguide approach.Structural characterization of the wavelength-scale wall is enabled by focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy imaging.The proposed theoretical model is verified by finite element method simulations.Our approach can readily be extended to other low-dimensional micro-/nanophotonic structures.展开更多
Background Little attention has been paid to the expression of heat shock protein 27 （HSP27） in patients with reflux esophagitis （RE）, and few studies of the importance of HSP27 in esophagitis have been carried ou...Background Little attention has been paid to the expression of heat shock protein 27 （HSP27） in patients with reflux esophagitis （RE）, and few studies of the importance of HSP27 in esophagitis have been carried out in animal models. This study aimed to explore the expression of HSP27 in the esophageal tissue of rats with RE. Methods Eighty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental groups A and B and control groups C and D （n=20 in each group）. To establish RE, rats in the two experimental groups received pylorus and forestomach ligations, while rats in the control group received gastrostomy and gastric perforation repair. The rats in groups A and C were sacrificed 7 days after surgery, and the rats in groups B and D were sacrificed 14 days after surgery. In groups A and B, 10 and 8 rats were diagnosed with RE by pathological examination, respectively （they were included in groups A＇ and B＇, respectively）. The histopathological diagnosis of all the lower esophageal tissues in groups C and D was normal and 20 normal specimens were randomly selected for groups C＇ and D＇ with 10 specimens in each group. Macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores were assessed for the specimens in groups A＇ and B＇. Lower esophageal tissues were collected from groups A＇, B＇, C＇, and D＇, and paraffin-embedded slices were made using part of the tissues. The expression of HSP27 in the tissues was detected using the two-step streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Some collected tissues were frozen, and expressions of HSP27 mRNA were detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （FQ-PCR）. Results Median macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores in groups A＇ （n=10） and B＇ （n=8） were 1.0 and 1.5, and 2.0 and 2.5, respectively. There were no significant differences in the macroscopic or microscopic esophagitis scores between the two groups （Z=-0.330, P=-0.741; Z=-0.142, P=-0.887, respectively）. Immunohistochemical staining showed that HSP27 was expressed in all layers of the esophageal epithelia in RE and control rats. FQ-PCR showed that HSP27 mRNA levels in the lower esophageal tissue in RE group （groups A＇ and B＇） were higher than those in control group （groups C＇ and D＇） （Z=-0.249, P=0.001）. HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue was significantly different in groups B＇ and D＇ （Z=-3.027, P=-0.002）. And the levels of HSP27 mRNA expression in severe RE group （microscopic esophagitis score： 3） were higher than in mild RE group （microscopic esophagitis score： 1-2） and control group （Z=-3.396, ,P=-0.001; Z=--3.855, P 〈0.001）. Conclusions HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE is significantly higher than in the normal controls. Although reflux is a persistent stimulating factor, increased expression of HSP27 in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE requires aggravated esophageal injury.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production,but its widespread deployment is greatly hindered by the indispensable usage of platinum group metal cata...Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production,but its widespread deployment is greatly hindered by the indispensable usage of platinum group metal catalysts,especially iridium(Ir)based materials for the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a new sequential precipitation approach to the synthesis of mixed Ir-nickel(Ni)oxy-hydroxide supported on antimony-doped tin oxide(ATO)nanoparticles(IrNiyO_(x)/ATO,20 wt.%(Ir+Ni),y=0,1,2,and 3),aiming to reduce the utilisation of scarce and precious Ir while maintaining its good acidic OER performance.When tested in strongly acidic electrolyte(0.1 M HClO_(4)),the optimised IrNi1Ox/ATO shows a mass activity of 1.0 mAµgIr^(−1) and a large turnover frequency of 123 s^(−1) at an overpotential of 350 mV,as well as a comparatively small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec^(−1),better than the IrOx/ATO control,particularly with a markedly reduced Ir loading of only 19.7µgIr cm^(−2).Importantly,IrNi1O_(x)/ATO also exhibits substantially better catalytic stability than other reference catalysts,able to continuously catalyse acidic OER at 10 mA cm^(−2) for 15 h without obvious degradation.Our in-situ synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the Ir^(3+)/Ir^(4+)species are the active sites for the acidic OER.Furthermore,the performance of IrNi1Ox/ATO was also preliminarily evaluated in a membrane electrode assembly,which shows better activity and stability than other reference catalysts.The IrNi1Ox/ATO reported in this work is a promising alternative to commercial IrO_(2) based catalysts for PEM electrolysis.展开更多
Insects have an important role in minimum postmortem interval(PMImin)estimation.An accurate PMImin estimation relies on a comprehensive study of the development and succes-sion of local carrion insects.No published re...Insects have an important role in minimum postmortem interval(PMImin)estimation.An accurate PMImin estimation relies on a comprehensive study of the development and succes-sion of local carrion insects.No published research on carrion insect succession exists for tropical north Queensland.To address this,we aimed to obtain preliminary observational data concerning the rate of decomposition and insect succession on pig carcasses in Townsville and compare these with other regions of Australia and overseas.Adult insects were collected daily from three pig carcasses for 30d during summer and identified to fa-mily level.Observations of decomposition rate were made each day and progression through the stages of decomposition were recorded.Adult insects were identified to family and their presence/absence used as a proxy for arrival at/departure from the remains,respectively.These preliminary data highlight several interesting trends that may be inform-ative for forensic PMImin estimation.Decomposition was rapid:all carcasses were at the dry/remains stage by Day 5,which was substantially quicker than all other regions in the com-parison.Differences were also observed in the presence/absence of insect families and their arrival and departure times.Given the rapid progression through early decomposition,we argue that later-arriving coleopteran taxa may be more forensically informative in tropical Australia,in contrast with temperate regions where Diptera appear most useful.This research contributes preliminary observational data to understanding insect succession pat-terns in tropical Australia and demonstrates the critical need for comprehensive local succes-sion data for each climatic region of Australia to enable accurate PMImin estimation.These data will inform future research targeted at gaining a more comprehensive understanding of insect succession in the Australian tropics.展开更多
基金Supported by Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,No.242102310203.
文摘BACKGROUND The use of network pharmacology and blood metabolomics to study the patho-genesis of violent aggression in patients with schizophrenia and the related drug mechanisms of action provides new directions for reducing the risk of violent aggression and optimizing treatment plans.AIM To explore the metabolic regulatory mechanism of olanzapine in treating patients with schizophrenia with a moderate to high risk of violent aggression.METHODS Metabolomic technology was used to screen differentially abundant metabolites in patients with schizophrenia with a moderate to high risk of violent aggression before and after olanzapine treatment,and the related metabolic pathways were identified.Network pharmacology was used to establish protein-protein interaction networks of the core targets of olanzapine.Gene Ontology functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were subsequently performed.RESULTS Compared with the healthy group,the patients with schizophrenia group presented significant changes in the levels of 24 metabolites related to the disruption of 9 metabolic pathways,among which the key pathways were the alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways.After treatment with olanzapine,the levels of 10 differentially abundant metabolites were significantly reversed in patients with schizophrenia.Olanzapine effectively regulated six metabolic pathways,among which the key pathways were alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis pathways.Ten core targets of olanzapine were involved in several key pathways.CONCLUSION The metabolic pathways of alanine,aspartate,and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis are the key pathways involved in olanzapine treatment for aggressive schizophrenia.
文摘The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling networks in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Although the tumor microenvironment(TME)and epigenetic modifiers are recognized to play a pivotal role in aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in OSCC,the available evidence is fragmentary and a comprehensive analysis is warranted.This review evaluates the intricate mechanisms by which various components of the TME facilitate proliferation,apoptosis evasion,invasion,migration,angiogenesis,metastasis,as well as therapy resistance in OSCC through activation of PI3K/AKT signalling.The review has also analysed how epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and noncoding RNAs that have emerged as key players in orchestrating OSCC development and progression influence the PI3K/AKT pathway.Preclinical studies and clinical trials on the efficacy of PI3K/AKT inhibitors as viable options for OSCC treatment are discussed.Overall,this review supports the tenet that the PI3K/AKT pathway,which functions as a central hub through crosstalk with several oncogenic signaling pathways and overarching impact on all the hallmark traits of cancer,offers immense potential as a biomarker and oncotherapeutic target for OSCC.
基金Supported by a grant from the National Science and Technology Supporting Project in the 11th Five-year Plan(2008BAI53B061)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma in children.METHODS:In an observational study and prospective cohort study,we observed children in remission of asthma at three class Ⅲ grade A TCM hospitals in Liaoning,Hubei,and Chengdu.RESULTS:A total of 609 children conformed to diagnostic and inclusive standards for remission of bronchial asthma.Through follow-up visits,we observed their skin reactions and the time and chance of treatment with different therapies in the three hospitals;we also compared and analyzed different drugs,acupoints,and preparations.We found that the key Chinese drugs were Bai Jie Zi(Semen Sinapis Albae) and Yian Hu Suo(Rhizoma Corydalis);the key acupoints were Feishu(BL 13),Gaohuang(BL 43),Dingchuan(EX-B1),Tiantu(CV 22),and Shanzhong(CV 17);and the best preparation was a mixture of drugs,ginger juice,and musk.Acupoint application was practiced on the hottest days of summer and the coldest days of winter for 0.5 to 2 h with the lowest rate of asthma relapse.CONCLUSIONS:The present data analysis shows that the curative effect of acupoint application for "treatment of winter disease in summer" may be influenced by recipes of Chinese drugs,preparations,prescriptions of acupoints,chance,time,and skin reactions.A curative effect is the result of the comprehensive action of these factors.
文摘Genomic instability and mutations caused by increases in oxidative stress during pregnancy can damage the fetoplacental unit and can upshot preterm birth.Oxidative damage to DNA may possibly be involved in etiology of preterm birth(PTB)which can be repaired by DNA repair gene.In the present study,we assessed the association of base excision repair gene family by analyzing the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and genes expression in 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1(OGG1)and apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1(APE1)genes with risk of preterm birth in Saudi women.We analyzed genotypes of four single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(rs1052133,rs293795,rs2072668 and rs2075747)in OGG1 gene and three SNPs(rs1130409,rs3136814,and rs3136817)in APE1 gene using TaqMan Genotyping assay kits in 50 pairs of preterm cases and individually matched controls.Also,gene expression level was explored by RT-PCR in 10 pairs of preterm placental tissues and individually matched normal placental tissues.Two OGG1 SNP,rs1052133(OR=0.497;c2=1.11;p=0.292)and rs2072668(OR=0.408;c2=1.90;p=0.167)and one APE1 SNP rs3136817(OR=0.458;c2=0.40;p=0.527)showed nonsignificant protective effect against PTB development.The expression of both genes under study was found lower in the PTB patients.Genotype and allele frequencies of both gene SNPs did not show any association with the risk of preterm delivery in Saudi women(P˃0.05).However,synthesis and release of OGG1 and APE1 proteins decreased in preterm placental tissues compared to term delivery reflects the probability of being one of the mechanisms leading to preterm birth.
基金supported by the Talent Project of Nan tong Maternal and Child Health Hospital(No.YYR202005).
文摘Background and Objectives:Mechanism studies have indicated that magnesium(Mg)and calcium(Ca)have important biological functions in glucose regulation,but epidemiological data on their associations with glycosyl ated hemoglobin(HbA1c)are sparse.We aimed to explore the associations of Mg and Ca with abnormal HbA1c,and examine the mediating effects of inflammation in coronary artery disease(CAD)Chinese adults.Methods and Study Design:A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 11934 patients with CAD was conducted.Serum Mg and Ca concentrations were measured.Results:In multivariable analyses,Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inverse ly associated with abnormal HbA1c(Q4 vs Q1:ORMg:0.61,95%CIMg:0.53,0.71;ORMg/Ca ratio:0.67,95%CIMg/Ca ratio:0.54,0.84).However,null association of Ca with abnormal HbA1c was shown(Q4 vs Q1:OR:1.15,95%CI:0.92,1.44).Serum Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inversely associated with abnormal fasting blood glucose(FBG).In contrast,serum Ca was positively associated with abnormal FBG.Path analysis indicated that there were no mediating effects of hypersensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)on Mg and Mg/Ca-abnormal HbA1c as sociations.Conclusions:Our study suggested that serum Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inversely associated with ab normal HbA1c in Chinese adults with CAD.The Mg-abnormal HbA1c relationship might not be mediated by hsCRP.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81303028)
文摘Objective： To provide an evidence-based overview regarding the efficacy of Ashi points stimulation for the treatment of shoulder pain. Methods： A comprehensive search [PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Chongqing Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals （VIP） and Wanfang Database] was conducted to identify randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of Ashi points stimulation for shoulder pain compared with conventional treatment. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.0 was used for data synthesis. Results： Nine trials were included. Seven studies assessed the effectiveness of Ashi points stimulation on response rate compared with conventional acupuncture. Their results suggested significant effect in favour of Ashi points stimulation [odds ratio （OR）： 5.89, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 2.97 to 11.67, P〈0.01, heterogeneity： x 2=3.81, P=0.70, 12=0% ]. One trial compared Ashi points stimulation with drug therapy. The result showed there was a significantly greater recovery rate in group of Ashi points stimulation （OR： 9.58, 95% CI： 2.69 to 34.12）. One trial compared comprehensive treatment on the myofascial trigger points （MTrPs） with no treatment and the result was in favor of MTrPs. Conclusions： Ashi points stimulation might be superior to conventional acupuncture, drug therapy and no treatment for shoulder pain. However, due to the low methodological quality of included studies, a firm conclusion could not be reached until further studies of high quality are available.
基金Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)(23K04617)Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists(22K14621)。
文摘Whispering gallery mode(WGM)microbubble cavities are a versatile optofluidic sensing platform owing to their hollow core geometry.To increase the light–matter interaction and,thereby,achieve higher sensitivity,thinwalled microbubbles are desirable.However,a lack of knowledge about the precise geometry of hollow microbubbles prevents us from having an accurate theoretical model to describe the WGMs and their response to external stimuli.In this work,we provide a complete characterization of the wall structure of a microbubble and propose a theoretical model for the WGMs in this thin-walled microcavity based on the optical waveguide approach.Structural characterization of the wavelength-scale wall is enabled by focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy imaging.The proposed theoretical model is verified by finite element method simulations.Our approach can readily be extended to other low-dimensional micro-/nanophotonic structures.
文摘Background Little attention has been paid to the expression of heat shock protein 27 （HSP27） in patients with reflux esophagitis （RE）, and few studies of the importance of HSP27 in esophagitis have been carried out in animal models. This study aimed to explore the expression of HSP27 in the esophageal tissue of rats with RE. Methods Eighty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental groups A and B and control groups C and D （n=20 in each group）. To establish RE, rats in the two experimental groups received pylorus and forestomach ligations, while rats in the control group received gastrostomy and gastric perforation repair. The rats in groups A and C were sacrificed 7 days after surgery, and the rats in groups B and D were sacrificed 14 days after surgery. In groups A and B, 10 and 8 rats were diagnosed with RE by pathological examination, respectively （they were included in groups A＇ and B＇, respectively）. The histopathological diagnosis of all the lower esophageal tissues in groups C and D was normal and 20 normal specimens were randomly selected for groups C＇ and D＇ with 10 specimens in each group. Macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores were assessed for the specimens in groups A＇ and B＇. Lower esophageal tissues were collected from groups A＇, B＇, C＇, and D＇, and paraffin-embedded slices were made using part of the tissues. The expression of HSP27 in the tissues was detected using the two-step streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Some collected tissues were frozen, and expressions of HSP27 mRNA were detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （FQ-PCR）. Results Median macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores in groups A＇ （n=10） and B＇ （n=8） were 1.0 and 1.5, and 2.0 and 2.5, respectively. There were no significant differences in the macroscopic or microscopic esophagitis scores between the two groups （Z=-0.330, P=-0.741; Z=-0.142, P=-0.887, respectively）. Immunohistochemical staining showed that HSP27 was expressed in all layers of the esophageal epithelia in RE and control rats. FQ-PCR showed that HSP27 mRNA levels in the lower esophageal tissue in RE group （groups A＇ and B＇） were higher than those in control group （groups C＇ and D＇） （Z=-0.249, P=0.001）. HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue was significantly different in groups B＇ and D＇ （Z=-3.027, P=-0.002）. And the levels of HSP27 mRNA expression in severe RE group （microscopic esophagitis score： 3） were higher than in mild RE group （microscopic esophagitis score： 1-2） and control group （Z=-3.396, ,P=-0.001; Z=--3.855, P 〈0.001）. Conclusions HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE is significantly higher than in the normal controls. Although reflux is a persistent stimulating factor, increased expression of HSP27 in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE requires aggravated esophageal injury.
基金supported by the National Innovation Agency of Portugal through the project Baterias 2030(Grant No.POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046109)J R E would like to acknowledge the Fundación General CSIC’s ComFuturo programme which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.101034263+2 种基金The authors appreciate Dr Laura Simonelli and Dr Vlad Martin Diaconescu for their assistance in XAS measurements at the beamline BL22-CLÆSS,ALBA synchrotron(experiment AV-2022025706)R M is grateful to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)for the doctoral grant(Grant No.2021.06496.BD)R M and A M are grateful for the financial support from:LA/P/0045/2020,UIDB/00511/2020 and UIDP/00511/2020,funded by the national funds through FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)。
文摘Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production,but its widespread deployment is greatly hindered by the indispensable usage of platinum group metal catalysts,especially iridium(Ir)based materials for the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a new sequential precipitation approach to the synthesis of mixed Ir-nickel(Ni)oxy-hydroxide supported on antimony-doped tin oxide(ATO)nanoparticles(IrNiyO_(x)/ATO,20 wt.%(Ir+Ni),y=0,1,2,and 3),aiming to reduce the utilisation of scarce and precious Ir while maintaining its good acidic OER performance.When tested in strongly acidic electrolyte(0.1 M HClO_(4)),the optimised IrNi1Ox/ATO shows a mass activity of 1.0 mAµgIr^(−1) and a large turnover frequency of 123 s^(−1) at an overpotential of 350 mV,as well as a comparatively small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec^(−1),better than the IrOx/ATO control,particularly with a markedly reduced Ir loading of only 19.7µgIr cm^(−2).Importantly,IrNi1O_(x)/ATO also exhibits substantially better catalytic stability than other reference catalysts,able to continuously catalyse acidic OER at 10 mA cm^(−2) for 15 h without obvious degradation.Our in-situ synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the Ir^(3+)/Ir^(4+)species are the active sites for the acidic OER.Furthermore,the performance of IrNi1Ox/ATO was also preliminarily evaluated in a membrane electrode assembly,which shows better activity and stability than other reference catalysts.The IrNi1Ox/ATO reported in this work is a promising alternative to commercial IrO_(2) based catalysts for PEM electrolysis.
文摘Insects have an important role in minimum postmortem interval(PMImin)estimation.An accurate PMImin estimation relies on a comprehensive study of the development and succes-sion of local carrion insects.No published research on carrion insect succession exists for tropical north Queensland.To address this,we aimed to obtain preliminary observational data concerning the rate of decomposition and insect succession on pig carcasses in Townsville and compare these with other regions of Australia and overseas.Adult insects were collected daily from three pig carcasses for 30d during summer and identified to fa-mily level.Observations of decomposition rate were made each day and progression through the stages of decomposition were recorded.Adult insects were identified to family and their presence/absence used as a proxy for arrival at/departure from the remains,respectively.These preliminary data highlight several interesting trends that may be inform-ative for forensic PMImin estimation.Decomposition was rapid:all carcasses were at the dry/remains stage by Day 5,which was substantially quicker than all other regions in the com-parison.Differences were also observed in the presence/absence of insect families and their arrival and departure times.Given the rapid progression through early decomposition,we argue that later-arriving coleopteran taxa may be more forensically informative in tropical Australia,in contrast with temperate regions where Diptera appear most useful.This research contributes preliminary observational data to understanding insect succession pat-terns in tropical Australia and demonstrates the critical need for comprehensive local succes-sion data for each climatic region of Australia to enable accurate PMImin estimation.These data will inform future research targeted at gaining a more comprehensive understanding of insect succession in the Australian tropics.
