at present,data security has become the most urgent and primary issue in the era of digital economy.Marine scientific data security is the most urgent core issue of marine data resource management and sharing service....at present,data security has become the most urgent and primary issue in the era of digital economy.Marine scientific data security is the most urgent core issue of marine data resource management and sharing service.This paper focuses on the analysis of the needs of marine scientific data security governance,in-depth development of marine scientific data security governance approaches and methods,and practical application in the national marine scientific data center,optimizing the existing data management model,ensuring the safety of marine scientific data,and fully releasing the data value.展开更多
A series of Sn microalloying high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steels were prepared through vacuum melting and hot rolling.Their stress corrosion cracking(SCC)behavior under high Cl^(−)environments was investigated using U...A series of Sn microalloying high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steels were prepared through vacuum melting and hot rolling.Their stress corrosion cracking(SCC)behavior under high Cl^(−)environments was investigated using U-bend immersion,slow strain rate testing,electrochemical methods,and novel SCC sensor.Results revealed that HSLA steel microalloying with 0.1 wt.%Sn demonstrated superior SCC resistance,primarily attributed to the effective inhibition of the anodic dissolution mechanism.Fracture morphology revealed a transformation in fracture mode from brittle to a mixture of brittle-ductile characteristics,accompanied by the formation of a protective SnO_(2)oxide film on the steel surface.However,excessive Sn content exacerbated SCC susceptibility due to the increased hydrolysis of Sn^(2+),leading to localized pitting and crack initiation.The critical role of optimal Sn content was highlighted in balancing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance,suggesting potential applications in industries where materials face harsh chloride environments.展开更多
Abdominal organ segmentation is an essential and fundamental medical procedure with many clinical and research applications.There is extensive variability in the size,location,and shape of the abdominal organs among i...Abdominal organ segmentation is an essential and fundamental medical procedure with many clinical and research applications.There is extensive variability in the size,location,and shape of the abdominal organs among individuals,and neighboring organs and structures exhibit similar textures and levels of intensity,which contribute to the difficulties encountered when developing robust,accurate,and automated segmentation approaches.In the past decade,deep learning(DL)-based methods have shown promising results based on a large amount of labeled data.However,acquiring large-scale images with high-quality annotations is both difficult and impractical in clinical practice.Furthermore,the images obtained from multi-centers contain domain shift,which degenerates the model’s performance on any new and unseen dataset.There have been extensive efforts to develop limited-supervised segmentation methods that can tackle this imperfect data problem.At the same time,prior knowledge from the medical domain may improve model performance while also constraining the results to an anatomically plausible range.In this paper,we provide a review of DL-based methods for abdominal organ segmentation that covers supervised and limited-supervised segmentation techniques,as well as the utilization of prior knowledge of abdominal organ and strategies in DL models.We present a categorized methodological overview of these approaches and summarize the relevant benchmarks and evaluation metrics used in this research area.Finally,we discuss the challenges and potential trends that may emerge in abdominal segmentation.Accordingly,this review systematically synthesizes advancements in DL for abdominal organ segmentation,provides relevant references for researchers in this field,and promotes the transformation of DL techniques into more precise clinical tools for this domain.展开更多
Grain refinement can strengthen the mechanical properties of materials according to the classical Hall-Petch relationship but does not always result in better corrosion resistance.During the past few decades,various t...Grain refinement can strengthen the mechanical properties of materials according to the classical Hall-Petch relationship but does not always result in better corrosion resistance.During the past few decades,various techniques have been dedicated to refining grain,along with relevant studies on corrosion behavior,including general corrosion,pitting corrosion,and stress corrosion cracking.However,the funda-mental consensus on how grain size influences corrosion behavior has not been reached.This paper reviews existing literature on the beneficial and detrimental effects of grain refinement on corrosion behavior.Moreover,the effects of microstructural changes(i.e.,grain boundary,dislo-cation,texture,residual stress,impurities,and second phase)resulting from grain refinement on corrosion behavior are discussed.The grain re-finement not only has an impact on the corrosion performance,but also results in microstructural changes that have a non-negligible effect on corrosion behavior or even outweigh that of grain refinement.Grain size is not the only factor affecting the corrosion behavior of metallic ma-terials;thus,the overall influence of microstructures on corrosion behavior should be understood.展开更多
In the past decade, the sudden rise of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) has become a research hotspot in the domain of metal materials. HEAs break through the design concept of traditional single-principal element alloys, an...In the past decade, the sudden rise of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) has become a research hotspot in the domain of metal materials. HEAs break through the design concept of traditional single-principal element alloys, and the four core effects, especially the high entropy and cocktail effects, make HEAs exhibit much better corrosion resistance than traditional corrosion-resistant metal materials, e.g., stainless steels, copper-nickel alloys, and high-nickel alloys. Currently, the corrosion resistance of HEAs causes great concern in the field of corrosion research. This article reviews the corrosion behavior and mechanism of HEAs in various aqueous solutions, revealing the correlation among the composition, microstructure and corrosion resistance of HEAs, and elaborates the influence of heat treatment, anodizing treatment and preparation methods on the corrosion behavior of HEAs. This knowledge will benefit the on-demand design of corrosion-resistant HEAs, which is an important trend of future development. Finally, perspectives regarding the corrosion research of HEAs are outlined to guide future studies.展开更多
In this work,the beneficial effect of Sn addition on the corrosion resistance mechanism of Cr-Mo low alloy steel was studied.Results demonstrated that Sn improves the corrosion resistance of the steel matrix mainly by...In this work,the beneficial effect of Sn addition on the corrosion resistance mechanism of Cr-Mo low alloy steel was studied.Results demonstrated that Sn improves the corrosion resistance of the steel matrix mainly by influencing the microstructural transformation.Sn addition and the synergistic effect of Sn,Cr,and Mo promote the formation of α-FeOOH,SnO_(2),SnO,Cr(OH)_(3),and molybdates,lead to the improved protection and stability of the rust layer.This synergistic effect also endows the inner rust layer with cation selectivity,preventing the further penetration of Cl-and inhibiting the localized corrosion of steel.展开更多
AIM:Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1) is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including carcinomas of the lung, breast, colon, as well as in leukemia, lymphoma and pituitary adenomas.However,there is little i...AIM:Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1) is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including carcinomas of the lung, breast, colon, as well as in leukemia, lymphoma and pituitary adenomas.However,there is little information on its expression in gastric carcinoma. We sought to investigate the expression of PTTG1 in gastric carcinoma and to explore the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological factors.METHODS:We studied 75 primary human gastric adenocarcinomas, including 17 mucosal carcinomas, 21 submucosal infiltrative carcinomas, 12 carcinomas invading proprial muscle layers, 6 carcinomas reaching the subserosa,and 19 carcinomas penetrating the serosal surface.Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using paraffinembedded sections of gastric adenocarcinomas.RESULTS: PTTG1 was expressed heterogeneously in carcinomas. Positive PTTG1 staining was observed in 65.3% of the carcinomas (49 of 75). Its expression did not correlate significantly with either the histological type or the depth of infiltration of the gastric carcinomas.However,a statistical analysis showed significant differences between the primary adenocarcinomas and the associated metastatic lymph nodes.CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that PTTG1 expression is enhanced in metastatic lymph nodes in comparison to that in primary carcinomas. We suggest that PTTG1 may contribute to lymph node metastases in gastric carcinoma.展开更多
AIM: The beta-catenin has been recognized as a critical member of the Wnt signaling pathway and plays an important role in the generation/differentiation of many tissues. Inappropriate activation of this pathway has b...AIM: The beta-catenin has been recognized as a critical member of the Wnt signaling pathway and plays an important role in the generation/differentiation of many tissues. Inappropriate activation of this pathway has been implicated in carcinogenesis. The mechanism underlying the development as well as its prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has remained unclear. The purpose of this study is to analyze the expression of beta-catenin in HCC in relation to histological grades and viral hepatitis backgrounds. METHODS: Thirty-two sections were selected at random from autopsy and surgical cases of HCC. Immuohistologically, the location and positivity of beta-catenin expression in HCC was examined. RESULTS: Normal hepatocytes did not express beta-catenin. In 78% of HCC beta-catenin was expressed at the membrane of the cells, with or without cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression. The tumor cells with well-and moderately-differentiated grades expressed frequently at the membrane and cytoplasm compared with poorly-differentiated type. Nuclear expression of beta-catenin was prone to occur in the tumor cells of poorly-differentiated grade. There were 15% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) backgrounds with nuclear expression. In contrast, there was 38% with nuclear expression in hepatitis B virus (HBV) backgrounds. In nonB-nonC hepatitis, no case expressed nuclear beta-catenin. CONCLUSION: The beta-catenin expression in HCC cells was heterogenous among types of hepatitis viral infection. Wnt signaling pathway might be deeply involved in less-differentiated HCC and HBV background. (C) 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.展开更多
An FeOx‐based Pt single‐atom catalyst(SAC),Pt1/FeOx,has stimulated significant recent interest owing to its extraordinary activity toward CO oxidation.The concept of SAC has also been successfully extended to other ...An FeOx‐based Pt single‐atom catalyst(SAC),Pt1/FeOx,has stimulated significant recent interest owing to its extraordinary activity toward CO oxidation.The concept of SAC has also been successfully extended to other FeOx supported transition metal systems both experimentally and theoretically.However,the FeOx substrate itself(denoted by Fe1/FeOx following the same nomenclature of Pt1/FeOx)as a typical transition metal oxide possesses a very low catalytic activity toward CO oxidation,although it can be viewed as Fe1/FeOx SAC.Here,to understand the catalytic mechanism of FeOx‐based SACs for CO oxidation,we have performed density functional theory calculations on Pt1/FeOx and Fe1/FeOx for CO oxidation to address the differences between these two SACs in terms of the catalytic mechanism of CO oxidation and the chemical behavior of the catalysts.Our calculation results indicated that the catalytic cycle of Fe1/FeOx is much more difficult to accomplish than that of SAC Pt1/FeOx because of a high activation barrier(1.09eV)for regeneration of the oxygen vacancy formed when the second CO2molecule desorbs from the surface.Moreover,density of states and Bader charge analysis revealed differences in the catalytic performance for CO oxidation by the SACs Fe1/FeOx and Pt1/FeOx.This work provides insights into the fundamental interactions between the single‐atom Pt1and FeOx substrate,and the exceptional catalytic performance of this system for CO oxidation.展开更多
The thermostability of three sulfur oxygenase reductases （SORs） was investigated from thermoacidophilic achaea Acidianus tengchongensis （SORAT） and Sulfolobus tokodaii （SORsT） as well as the moderately thermophi...The thermostability of three sulfur oxygenase reductases （SORs） was investigated from thermoacidophilic achaea Acidianus tengchongensis （SORAT） and Sulfolobus tokodaii （SORsT） as well as the moderately thermophilic bacterium Acidithiobacillus sp. SM-1 （SORsB）. The optimal temperatures for catalyzing sulfur oxidation were 80 ℃ （SORAT）, 85 ℃ （SORsT）, and 70 ℃ （SORsB）, respectively. The half-lives of the three SORs at their optimal catalytic conditions were 100 min （SORAT）, 58 min （SORsT）, and 37 min （SORsB）. In order to reveal the structural basis of the thermostability of these SORs, three-dimensional structural models of them were generated by homology modeling using the previously reported high-resolution X-ray structure of SORAA （from Acidianus ambivalens） as a template. The results suggest that thermostability was dependent on： （a） high number of the charged amino acid glutamic acid and the flexible amino acid proline, （b） low number of the therraolabile amino acid glutamine, （c） increased number of ion pairs, （d） decreased ratio of hydrophobie accessible solvent surface area （ASA） to charged ASA, and （e） increased volumes of the cavity. The number of cavities and the number of hydrogen bonds did not signifieantly affect the thermostability of SORs, whereas the cavity volumes increased as the thermal stability increased.展开更多
Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and MaterialsVolume 28, Number 7, July 2021, Page 1112 The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. Symbols in Table 2 are used incorr...Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and MaterialsVolume 28, Number 7, July 2021, Page 1112 The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. Symbols in Table 2 are used incorrectly.展开更多
A minimum-modified Debye-Hückel(DH)theory for electrolytes with size asymmetry is developed.Com-pared with the conventional DH theory,the minimum-modified DH theory only introduces an extra surface charge density...A minimum-modified Debye-Hückel(DH)theory for electrolytes with size asymmetry is developed.Com-pared with the conventional DH theory,the minimum-modified DH theory only introduces an extra surface charge density to capture the electrostatic effect of the size asymmetry of the electrolytes and hence facilitates a boundary element method for electrostatic potential calculation.This theory can distinguish the electrostat-ic energies and excess chemical potentials of ions with the same sizes but opposite charges,and is applied to a binary primitive electrolyte solution with moderate electrostatic coupling.Compared with the hyper-netted chain theory,the validity of this modified DH theory demonstrates significant improvement over the conventional DH theory.展开更多
Objective Emergency medical services(EMSs)management requires maintaining a delicate balance between time,resources,and quality of care.Rapid and effective decision-making is crucial for patient outcomes.Our goal is t...Objective Emergency medical services(EMSs)management requires maintaining a delicate balance between time,resources,and quality of care.Rapid and effective decision-making is crucial for patient outcomes.Our goal is to integrate advanced large language models(LLMs)into EMS systems to assist in triage decisions and test their practicality and benefits.Methods This method is designed for emergency triage scenarios.By designing specific prompts to introduce heuristic emergency strategies,it makes full use of the multi-turn dialogue capability and contextual understand-ing characteristics of LLMs to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the dynamic changes in the condition of the injured and emergency resources.Thus,it forms dynamic triage decisions for a large number of injured people,and can also provide detailed explanations of the decision reasons.This method was evaluated and verified using 4 different LLMs(GPT-4,GLM-4,Qwen-max-0428,and Baichuan2-7b-chat-v1)in various scenarios,including different numbers of injured individuals and various types of large-scale casualty events on our self-built emer-gency medical dispatch simulation platform,and was compared with the nearest transport method.Additionally,the differences between doctors and LLMs in terms of triage decisions were compared,and emergency experts were invited to evaluate the triage decision results and processes.Results We conducted experiments on EMSs under 6 different resource environment conditions.With compre-hensive patient information and hospital treatment capacity information,GLM-4,GPT-4,and Qwen-max-0428 demonstrated decision-making capabilities far surpassing traditional evacuation methods.GLM-4 and Qwen-max-0428 improved survival rates by an average of 15%after prompt optimization,whereas GPT-4 performed even better,with an average improvement in survival rates reaching 23%after prompt optimization.The consistency level of manual controlled trials(as high as 0.67)reveals that LLMs have guiding and training significance for inexperienced triage personnel in making triage decisions.However,in clinicians’evaluations,it was revealed that LLMs possess good decision-making abilities,but there is still scope for improvement compared to the level of emergency experts.Conclusion This study highlights the potential of LLMs in EMS diversion decision-making and suggests that more comprehensive emergency information can further enhance their decision-making abilities.展开更多
Numerous tests have demonstrated the impact of microbiologically influenced stress corrosion(MISC)on oil and gas pipelines,but the dynamic corrosion process and its influencing variables remain unclear.In this paper,t...Numerous tests have demonstrated the impact of microbiologically influenced stress corrosion(MISC)on oil and gas pipelines,but the dynamic corrosion process and its influencing variables remain unclear.In this paper,through material and environment data collection,we analyzed the important factors to MISC based on the random forest model,which were quantity of bacteria,kernel average misorientation and prior austenite grain boundary of the material.Based on this,theoretical explanation of stress and nitrate-reducing bacteria promoting stress corrosion cracking was provided.Results of this study will serve to gain further knowledge of MISC and guide future protection efforts.展开更多
Electrochemical is crucial in corrosion,energy storage,and electrocatalysts and are essential for mitigating carbon emissions.However,deviations in electrochemical testing can result from experiment errors and electro...Electrochemical is crucial in corrosion,energy storage,and electrocatalysts and are essential for mitigating carbon emissions.However,deviations in electrochemical testing can result from experiment errors and electrode preparation differences.Therefore,electrochemical experiment results are required to assess the reproducibility.Herein we found that the surface resistance is a key factor of electrochemical testing,and the difference of surface resistance could inform future anode oxidation devices,and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of electrochemical testing.展开更多
A single-atom catalyst （SAC） that was first proposed by us in 2011 has aroused significant recent interest. Among the various SACs, FeOx-based ones including Pt1/FeOx, Ir1/FeOx, Au1/FeOx, Ni1/FeOx, and Fe1/FeOx have...A single-atom catalyst （SAC） that was first proposed by us in 2011 has aroused significant recent interest. Among the various SACs, FeOx-based ones including Pt1/FeOx, Ir1/FeOx, Au1/FeOx, Ni1/FeOx, and Fe1/FeOx have been investigated either experimentally or theoretically for CO oxidation. However, a systematic study of FeO,-based SACs has not been conducted. For a comprehensive understanding of FeOx-supported single-metal-atom catalysts, extensive density functional theory calculations were carried out on the activities and catalytic mechanisms of SACs with the 3d, 4d, and 5d metals of group VIII to IB, i.e., M1/FeOx （M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu; Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag; Os, Ir, Pt, Au） for CO oxidation. Remarkably, a new noble metal SAC, Pd1/FeOx, with high activity in CO oxidation was found and is predicted to be even better than the previously reported Pt1/FeOx and Ni1/FeOx. In comparison, other M1/FeOx SACs （M = Fe, Co, Cu; Ru, Rh, Ag; Os, Ir, Au） showed only low activities in CO oxidation. Moreover, the adsorption strength of CO on the single-atom active sites was found to be the key in determining the catalytic activity of these SACs for CO oxidation, because it governs the recoverability of oxygen vacancies on their surfaces in the formation of a second CO2 during CO oxidation. Our systematic studies of FeOx-supported SACs will help in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the interactions between singly dispersed surface metal atoms and FeOx substrate and in designing highly active FeOx-supported SACs.展开更多
A fast,robust pipeline for strain mapping of crystalline materials is important for many technological applications.Scanning electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain maps with high accuracy and spatial r...A fast,robust pipeline for strain mapping of crystalline materials is important for many technological applications.Scanning electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain maps with high accuracy and spatial resolutions,but this technique is limited when the electron beam undergoes multiple scattering.Deep-learning methods have the potential to invert these complex signals,but require a large number of training examples.We implement a Fourier space,complex-valued deep-neural network,FCU-Net,to invert highly nonlinear electron diffraction patterns into the corresponding quantitative structure factor images.FCU-Net was trained using over 200,000 unique simulated dynamical diffraction patterns from different combinations of crystal structures,orientations,thicknesses,and microscope parameters,which are augmented with experimental artifacts.We evaluated FCU-Net against simulated and experimental datasets,where it substantially outperforms conventional analysis methods.Our code,models,and training library are open-source and may be adapted to different diffraction measurement problems.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)generated from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)play an essential role in modulating cell–cell communication and tissue regeneration.The clinical translation of EVs is constrained by the poor yi...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)generated from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)play an essential role in modulating cell–cell communication and tissue regeneration.The clinical translation of EVs is constrained by the poor yield of EVs.Extrusion has recently become an effective technique for producing a large scale of nanovesicles(NVs).In this study,we systematically compared MSC NVs(from extrusion)and EVs(from natural secretion).Proteomics and RNA sequencing data revealed that NVs resemble MSCs more closely than EVs.Additionally,microRNAs in NVs are related to cardiac repair,fibrosis repression,angiogenesis.Lastly,intravenous delivery of MSC NVs improved heart repair and cardiac function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.展开更多
Background:Leptospirosis morbidity and mortality rates in China have decreased since the 2000s.Further analyses of the spatiotemporal and demographic changes occurring in the last decade and its implication on estimat...Background:Leptospirosis morbidity and mortality rates in China have decreased since the 2000s.Further analyses of the spatiotemporal and demographic changes occurring in the last decade and its implication on estimates of disease burden are required to inform intervention strategies.In this study,we quantified the epidemiological shift and geographical heterogeneity in the burden of leptospirosis during 2005-2015 in China.Methods:We used reported leptospirosis case data from 1st January 2005 to 31st of December 2015 that routinely collected by the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP)to analyze the epidemiological trend and estimate the burden in terms of disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)over space,time,and demographical groups.Results:A total of 7763 cases were reported during 2005-2015.Of which,2403(31%)cases were the laboratoryconfirmed case.Since 2005,the notified incidence rate was gradually decreased(P<0.05)and it was relatively stable during 2011-2015(P>0.05).During 2005-2015,we estimated a total of 10313 DALYs were lost due to leptospirosis comprising a total of 1804 years-lived with disability(YLDs)and 8509 years-life lost(YLLs).Males had the highest burden of disease(7149 DALYs)compared to females(3164 DALYs).The highest burden estimate was attributed to younger individuals aged 10-19 years who lived in southern provinces of China.During 2005-2015,this age group contributed to approximately 3078 DALYs corresponding to 30%of the total DALYs lost in China.Yet,our analysis indicated a declining trend in burden estimates(P<0.001)since 2005 and remained relatively low during 2011-2015.Low burden estimates have been identified in the endemic regions where infections principally distributed.Most of the changes in DALY estimates were driven by changes in YLLs.Conclusions:In the last 11-years,the burden estimates of leptospirosis have shown a declining trend across the country;however,leptospirosis should not be neglected as it remains an important zoonotic disease and potentially affecting the young and productive population in economically less-developed provinces in southern of China.In addition,while in the last five years the incidence has been reported at very low-level,this might not reflect the true incidence of leptospirosis.Strengthened surveillance in the endemic regions is,hence,substantially required to capture the actual prevalence to better control leptospirosis in China.展开更多
文摘at present,data security has become the most urgent and primary issue in the era of digital economy.Marine scientific data security is the most urgent core issue of marine data resource management and sharing service.This paper focuses on the analysis of the needs of marine scientific data security governance,in-depth development of marine scientific data security governance approaches and methods,and practical application in the national marine scientific data center,optimizing the existing data management model,ensuring the safety of marine scientific data,and fully releasing the data value.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171063).
文摘A series of Sn microalloying high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steels were prepared through vacuum melting and hot rolling.Their stress corrosion cracking(SCC)behavior under high Cl^(−)environments was investigated using U-bend immersion,slow strain rate testing,electrochemical methods,and novel SCC sensor.Results revealed that HSLA steel microalloying with 0.1 wt.%Sn demonstrated superior SCC resistance,primarily attributed to the effective inhibition of the anodic dissolution mechanism.Fracture morphology revealed a transformation in fracture mode from brittle to a mixture of brittle-ductile characteristics,accompanied by the formation of a protective SnO_(2)oxide film on the steel surface.However,excessive Sn content exacerbated SCC susceptibility due to the increased hydrolysis of Sn^(2+),leading to localized pitting and crack initiation.The critical role of optimal Sn content was highlighted in balancing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance,suggesting potential applications in industries where materials face harsh chloride environments.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:12090020,12090025,12101571)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.:LQ20H180001)+1 种基金the Major Scientific Project of Zhejiang Lab(Grant No.:2022ND0AC01)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.:CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0054).
文摘Abdominal organ segmentation is an essential and fundamental medical procedure with many clinical and research applications.There is extensive variability in the size,location,and shape of the abdominal organs among individuals,and neighboring organs and structures exhibit similar textures and levels of intensity,which contribute to the difficulties encountered when developing robust,accurate,and automated segmentation approaches.In the past decade,deep learning(DL)-based methods have shown promising results based on a large amount of labeled data.However,acquiring large-scale images with high-quality annotations is both difficult and impractical in clinical practice.Furthermore,the images obtained from multi-centers contain domain shift,which degenerates the model’s performance on any new and unseen dataset.There have been extensive efforts to develop limited-supervised segmentation methods that can tackle this imperfect data problem.At the same time,prior knowledge from the medical domain may improve model performance while also constraining the results to an anatomically plausible range.In this paper,we provide a review of DL-based methods for abdominal organ segmentation that covers supervised and limited-supervised segmentation techniques,as well as the utilization of prior knowledge of abdominal organ and strategies in DL models.We present a categorized methodological overview of these approaches and summarize the relevant benchmarks and evaluation metrics used in this research area.Finally,we discuss the challenges and potential trends that may emerge in abdominal segmentation.Accordingly,this review systematically synthesizes advancements in DL for abdominal organ segmentation,provides relevant references for researchers in this field,and promotes the transformation of DL techniques into more precise clinical tools for this domain.
基金This work was fianancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-NP-20-07).
文摘Grain refinement can strengthen the mechanical properties of materials according to the classical Hall-Petch relationship but does not always result in better corrosion resistance.During the past few decades,various techniques have been dedicated to refining grain,along with relevant studies on corrosion behavior,including general corrosion,pitting corrosion,and stress corrosion cracking.However,the funda-mental consensus on how grain size influences corrosion behavior has not been reached.This paper reviews existing literature on the beneficial and detrimental effects of grain refinement on corrosion behavior.Moreover,the effects of microstructural changes(i.e.,grain boundary,dislo-cation,texture,residual stress,impurities,and second phase)resulting from grain refinement on corrosion behavior are discussed.The grain re-finement not only has an impact on the corrosion performance,but also results in microstructural changes that have a non-negligible effect on corrosion behavior or even outweigh that of grain refinement.Grain size is not the only factor affecting the corrosion behavior of metallic ma-terials;thus,the overall influence of microstructures on corrosion behavior should be understood.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0702100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071014)。
文摘In the past decade, the sudden rise of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) has become a research hotspot in the domain of metal materials. HEAs break through the design concept of traditional single-principal element alloys, and the four core effects, especially the high entropy and cocktail effects, make HEAs exhibit much better corrosion resistance than traditional corrosion-resistant metal materials, e.g., stainless steels, copper-nickel alloys, and high-nickel alloys. Currently, the corrosion resistance of HEAs causes great concern in the field of corrosion research. This article reviews the corrosion behavior and mechanism of HEAs in various aqueous solutions, revealing the correlation among the composition, microstructure and corrosion resistance of HEAs, and elaborates the influence of heat treatment, anodizing treatment and preparation methods on the corrosion behavior of HEAs. This knowledge will benefit the on-demand design of corrosion-resistant HEAs, which is an important trend of future development. Finally, perspectives regarding the corrosion research of HEAs are outlined to guide future studies.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0702100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-MP-18-002)。
文摘In this work,the beneficial effect of Sn addition on the corrosion resistance mechanism of Cr-Mo low alloy steel was studied.Results demonstrated that Sn improves the corrosion resistance of the steel matrix mainly by influencing the microstructural transformation.Sn addition and the synergistic effect of Sn,Cr,and Mo promote the formation of α-FeOOH,SnO_(2),SnO,Cr(OH)_(3),and molybdates,lead to the improved protection and stability of the rust layer.This synergistic effect also endows the inner rust layer with cation selectivity,preventing the further penetration of Cl-and inhibiting the localized corrosion of steel.
文摘AIM:Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1) is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including carcinomas of the lung, breast, colon, as well as in leukemia, lymphoma and pituitary adenomas.However,there is little information on its expression in gastric carcinoma. We sought to investigate the expression of PTTG1 in gastric carcinoma and to explore the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological factors.METHODS:We studied 75 primary human gastric adenocarcinomas, including 17 mucosal carcinomas, 21 submucosal infiltrative carcinomas, 12 carcinomas invading proprial muscle layers, 6 carcinomas reaching the subserosa,and 19 carcinomas penetrating the serosal surface.Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using paraffinembedded sections of gastric adenocarcinomas.RESULTS: PTTG1 was expressed heterogeneously in carcinomas. Positive PTTG1 staining was observed in 65.3% of the carcinomas (49 of 75). Its expression did not correlate significantly with either the histological type or the depth of infiltration of the gastric carcinomas.However,a statistical analysis showed significant differences between the primary adenocarcinomas and the associated metastatic lymph nodes.CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that PTTG1 expression is enhanced in metastatic lymph nodes in comparison to that in primary carcinomas. We suggest that PTTG1 may contribute to lymph node metastases in gastric carcinoma.
文摘AIM: The beta-catenin has been recognized as a critical member of the Wnt signaling pathway and plays an important role in the generation/differentiation of many tissues. Inappropriate activation of this pathway has been implicated in carcinogenesis. The mechanism underlying the development as well as its prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has remained unclear. The purpose of this study is to analyze the expression of beta-catenin in HCC in relation to histological grades and viral hepatitis backgrounds. METHODS: Thirty-two sections were selected at random from autopsy and surgical cases of HCC. Immuohistologically, the location and positivity of beta-catenin expression in HCC was examined. RESULTS: Normal hepatocytes did not express beta-catenin. In 78% of HCC beta-catenin was expressed at the membrane of the cells, with or without cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression. The tumor cells with well-and moderately-differentiated grades expressed frequently at the membrane and cytoplasm compared with poorly-differentiated type. Nuclear expression of beta-catenin was prone to occur in the tumor cells of poorly-differentiated grade. There were 15% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) backgrounds with nuclear expression. In contrast, there was 38% with nuclear expression in hepatitis B virus (HBV) backgrounds. In nonB-nonC hepatitis, no case expressed nuclear beta-catenin. CONCLUSION: The beta-catenin expression in HCC cells was heterogenous among types of hepatitis viral infection. Wnt signaling pathway might be deeply involved in less-differentiated HCC and HBV background. (C) 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21503046,21373206,21203182)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB834603)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(QKJ(2015)2122)Natural Science foundation of Department of Education of Guizhou Province(QJTD(2015)55 and ZDXK(2014)18)the GZEU startup packagethe Open Fund of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis to JXL(SXKLC-2017-01)~~
文摘An FeOx‐based Pt single‐atom catalyst(SAC),Pt1/FeOx,has stimulated significant recent interest owing to its extraordinary activity toward CO oxidation.The concept of SAC has also been successfully extended to other FeOx supported transition metal systems both experimentally and theoretically.However,the FeOx substrate itself(denoted by Fe1/FeOx following the same nomenclature of Pt1/FeOx)as a typical transition metal oxide possesses a very low catalytic activity toward CO oxidation,although it can be viewed as Fe1/FeOx SAC.Here,to understand the catalytic mechanism of FeOx‐based SACs for CO oxidation,we have performed density functional theory calculations on Pt1/FeOx and Fe1/FeOx for CO oxidation to address the differences between these two SACs in terms of the catalytic mechanism of CO oxidation and the chemical behavior of the catalysts.Our calculation results indicated that the catalytic cycle of Fe1/FeOx is much more difficult to accomplish than that of SAC Pt1/FeOx because of a high activation barrier(1.09eV)for regeneration of the oxygen vacancy formed when the second CO2molecule desorbs from the surface.Moreover,density of states and Bader charge analysis revealed differences in the catalytic performance for CO oxidation by the SACs Fe1/FeOx and Pt1/FeOx.This work provides insights into the fundamental interactions between the single‐atom Pt1and FeOx substrate,and the exceptional catalytic performance of this system for CO oxidation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070042,30870039,30921065)partially by Open Funding Project of the National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering,China (2010KF-2)
文摘The thermostability of three sulfur oxygenase reductases （SORs） was investigated from thermoacidophilic achaea Acidianus tengchongensis （SORAT） and Sulfolobus tokodaii （SORsT） as well as the moderately thermophilic bacterium Acidithiobacillus sp. SM-1 （SORsB）. The optimal temperatures for catalyzing sulfur oxidation were 80 ℃ （SORAT）, 85 ℃ （SORsT）, and 70 ℃ （SORsB）, respectively. The half-lives of the three SORs at their optimal catalytic conditions were 100 min （SORAT）, 58 min （SORsT）, and 37 min （SORsB）. In order to reveal the structural basis of the thermostability of these SORs, three-dimensional structural models of them were generated by homology modeling using the previously reported high-resolution X-ray structure of SORAA （from Acidianus ambivalens） as a template. The results suggest that thermostability was dependent on： （a） high number of the charged amino acid glutamic acid and the flexible amino acid proline, （b） low number of the therraolabile amino acid glutamine, （c） increased number of ion pairs, （d） decreased ratio of hydrophobie accessible solvent surface area （ASA） to charged ASA, and （e） increased volumes of the cavity. The number of cavities and the number of hydrogen bonds did not signifieantly affect the thermostability of SORs, whereas the cavity volumes increased as the thermal stability increased.
文摘Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and MaterialsVolume 28, Number 7, July 2021, Page 1112 The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. Symbols in Table 2 are used incorrectly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21863001)a startup package from Guizhou Education University(to Tiejun Xiao)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of de-partment of education of Guizhou province(No.QJKY[2015]483)a startup package from Guizhou Education University(to Yun Zhou).
文摘A minimum-modified Debye-Hückel(DH)theory for electrolytes with size asymmetry is developed.Com-pared with the conventional DH theory,the minimum-modified DH theory only introduces an extra surface charge density to capture the electrostatic effect of the size asymmetry of the electrolytes and hence facilitates a boundary element method for electrostatic potential calculation.This theory can distinguish the electrostat-ic energies and excess chemical potentials of ions with the same sizes but opposite charges,and is applied to a binary primitive electrolyte solution with moderate electrostatic coupling.Compared with the hyper-netted chain theory,the validity of this modified DH theory demonstrates significant improvement over the conventional DH theory.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82172069,No.82572379)Key Research Project of Zhejiang Laboratory(Grant No.2022ND0AC01)+1 种基金Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.226-2025-00006,226-2024-00163)the Innovation and Development Special Fund of Hangzhou West Sci-Tech Innovation Corridor.
文摘Objective Emergency medical services(EMSs)management requires maintaining a delicate balance between time,resources,and quality of care.Rapid and effective decision-making is crucial for patient outcomes.Our goal is to integrate advanced large language models(LLMs)into EMS systems to assist in triage decisions and test their practicality and benefits.Methods This method is designed for emergency triage scenarios.By designing specific prompts to introduce heuristic emergency strategies,it makes full use of the multi-turn dialogue capability and contextual understand-ing characteristics of LLMs to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the dynamic changes in the condition of the injured and emergency resources.Thus,it forms dynamic triage decisions for a large number of injured people,and can also provide detailed explanations of the decision reasons.This method was evaluated and verified using 4 different LLMs(GPT-4,GLM-4,Qwen-max-0428,and Baichuan2-7b-chat-v1)in various scenarios,including different numbers of injured individuals and various types of large-scale casualty events on our self-built emer-gency medical dispatch simulation platform,and was compared with the nearest transport method.Additionally,the differences between doctors and LLMs in terms of triage decisions were compared,and emergency experts were invited to evaluate the triage decision results and processes.Results We conducted experiments on EMSs under 6 different resource environment conditions.With compre-hensive patient information and hospital treatment capacity information,GLM-4,GPT-4,and Qwen-max-0428 demonstrated decision-making capabilities far surpassing traditional evacuation methods.GLM-4 and Qwen-max-0428 improved survival rates by an average of 15%after prompt optimization,whereas GPT-4 performed even better,with an average improvement in survival rates reaching 23%after prompt optimization.The consistency level of manual controlled trials(as high as 0.67)reveals that LLMs have guiding and training significance for inexperienced triage personnel in making triage decisions.However,in clinicians’evaluations,it was revealed that LLMs possess good decision-making abilities,but there is still scope for improvement compared to the level of emergency experts.Conclusion This study highlights the potential of LLMs in EMS diversion decision-making and suggests that more comprehensive emergency information can further enhance their decision-making abilities.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52401111)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2024JC-YBQN-0457)Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project(24GXFW0075)
文摘Numerous tests have demonstrated the impact of microbiologically influenced stress corrosion(MISC)on oil and gas pipelines,but the dynamic corrosion process and its influencing variables remain unclear.In this paper,through material and environment data collection,we analyzed the important factors to MISC based on the random forest model,which were quantity of bacteria,kernel average misorientation and prior austenite grain boundary of the material.Based on this,theoretical explanation of stress and nitrate-reducing bacteria promoting stress corrosion cracking was provided.Results of this study will serve to gain further knowledge of MISC and guide future protection efforts.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3808800)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.51925403)the National Science Foundation of China(21676052,21606042).
文摘Electrochemical is crucial in corrosion,energy storage,and electrocatalysts and are essential for mitigating carbon emissions.However,deviations in electrochemical testing can result from experiment errors and electrode preparation differences.Therefore,electrochemical experiment results are required to assess the reproducibility.Herein we found that the surface resistance is a key factor of electrochemical testing,and the difference of surface resistance could inform future anode oxidation devices,and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of electrochemical testing.
基金We acknowledge simulating discussion with Professor Qingfeng Ge. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21590792, 91645203, and 21521091 to J. L. 21503046 to J. X. L. and 21203182 to X. F. Y.）, and National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2013CB834603 to J. L.）, Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province of China （No. QKJ[201512122）, Natural Science foundation of Department of Education of Guizhou Province （Nos. QJTD[2015155 and ZDXK[2014]18） and the GZEU start up package. The calculations were done using supercomputers at Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, the State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces （Xiamen University）, and Guizhou Provincial High- Performance Computing Center of Condensed Materials and Molecular Simulation. This project is partially supported by the Open Fund of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis to J. X. L. （No. SXKLC-2017-01）.
文摘A single-atom catalyst （SAC） that was first proposed by us in 2011 has aroused significant recent interest. Among the various SACs, FeOx-based ones including Pt1/FeOx, Ir1/FeOx, Au1/FeOx, Ni1/FeOx, and Fe1/FeOx have been investigated either experimentally or theoretically for CO oxidation. However, a systematic study of FeO,-based SACs has not been conducted. For a comprehensive understanding of FeOx-supported single-metal-atom catalysts, extensive density functional theory calculations were carried out on the activities and catalytic mechanisms of SACs with the 3d, 4d, and 5d metals of group VIII to IB, i.e., M1/FeOx （M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu; Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag; Os, Ir, Pt, Au） for CO oxidation. Remarkably, a new noble metal SAC, Pd1/FeOx, with high activity in CO oxidation was found and is predicted to be even better than the previously reported Pt1/FeOx and Ni1/FeOx. In comparison, other M1/FeOx SACs （M = Fe, Co, Cu; Ru, Rh, Ag; Os, Ir, Au） showed only low activities in CO oxidation. Moreover, the adsorption strength of CO on the single-atom active sites was found to be the key in determining the catalytic activity of these SACs for CO oxidation, because it governs the recoverability of oxygen vacancies on their surfaces in the formation of a second CO2 during CO oxidation. Our systematic studies of FeOx-supported SACs will help in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the interactions between singly dispersed surface metal atoms and FeOx substrate and in designing highly active FeOx-supported SACs.
基金This work was primarily funded by the US Department of Energy in the program“4D Camera Distillery:From Massive Electron Microscopy Scattering Data to Useful Information with AI/ML.”M.K.Y.C.and C.O.each acknowledge support of a US Department of Energy Early Career Research Award+4 种基金J.C.acknowledges support from the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers(PECASE)through the U.S.Department of Energy.B.H.S.and py4DSTEM development are supported by the Toyota Research InstituteS.E.Z.was supported by the National Science Foundation under STROBE Grant no.DMR 1548924Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,of the US Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials,an Office of Science user facility,was supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center,a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231。
文摘A fast,robust pipeline for strain mapping of crystalline materials is important for many technological applications.Scanning electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain maps with high accuracy and spatial resolutions,but this technique is limited when the electron beam undergoes multiple scattering.Deep-learning methods have the potential to invert these complex signals,but require a large number of training examples.We implement a Fourier space,complex-valued deep-neural network,FCU-Net,to invert highly nonlinear electron diffraction patterns into the corresponding quantitative structure factor images.FCU-Net was trained using over 200,000 unique simulated dynamical diffraction patterns from different combinations of crystal structures,orientations,thicknesses,and microscope parameters,which are augmented with experimental artifacts.We evaluated FCU-Net against simulated and experimental datasets,where it substantially outperforms conventional analysis methods.Our code,models,and training library are open-source and may be adapted to different diffraction measurement problems.
基金NC State University,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82200276)the Grant of Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(No.203777117D)+1 种基金the Key Project of Hebei Provincial Health Commission(Nos.20201159 and 20180224)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.H2021206399 and H2022206295)。
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)generated from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)play an essential role in modulating cell–cell communication and tissue regeneration.The clinical translation of EVs is constrained by the poor yield of EVs.Extrusion has recently become an effective technique for producing a large scale of nanovesicles(NVs).In this study,we systematically compared MSC NVs(from extrusion)and EVs(from natural secretion).Proteomics and RNA sequencing data revealed that NVs resemble MSCs more closely than EVs.Additionally,microRNAs in NVs are related to cardiac repair,fibrosis repression,angiogenesis.Lastly,intravenous delivery of MSC NVs improved heart repair and cardiac function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.
基金PWD received support from Australia Awards Scholarships–Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.WYZ received support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11501339)The funder had no role in the study design,data collection or analysis,the decision to publish,and the preparation of this manuscriptThe findings and conclusions of this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency。
文摘Background:Leptospirosis morbidity and mortality rates in China have decreased since the 2000s.Further analyses of the spatiotemporal and demographic changes occurring in the last decade and its implication on estimates of disease burden are required to inform intervention strategies.In this study,we quantified the epidemiological shift and geographical heterogeneity in the burden of leptospirosis during 2005-2015 in China.Methods:We used reported leptospirosis case data from 1st January 2005 to 31st of December 2015 that routinely collected by the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP)to analyze the epidemiological trend and estimate the burden in terms of disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)over space,time,and demographical groups.Results:A total of 7763 cases were reported during 2005-2015.Of which,2403(31%)cases were the laboratoryconfirmed case.Since 2005,the notified incidence rate was gradually decreased(P<0.05)and it was relatively stable during 2011-2015(P>0.05).During 2005-2015,we estimated a total of 10313 DALYs were lost due to leptospirosis comprising a total of 1804 years-lived with disability(YLDs)and 8509 years-life lost(YLLs).Males had the highest burden of disease(7149 DALYs)compared to females(3164 DALYs).The highest burden estimate was attributed to younger individuals aged 10-19 years who lived in southern provinces of China.During 2005-2015,this age group contributed to approximately 3078 DALYs corresponding to 30%of the total DALYs lost in China.Yet,our analysis indicated a declining trend in burden estimates(P<0.001)since 2005 and remained relatively low during 2011-2015.Low burden estimates have been identified in the endemic regions where infections principally distributed.Most of the changes in DALY estimates were driven by changes in YLLs.Conclusions:In the last 11-years,the burden estimates of leptospirosis have shown a declining trend across the country;however,leptospirosis should not be neglected as it remains an important zoonotic disease and potentially affecting the young and productive population in economically less-developed provinces in southern of China.In addition,while in the last five years the incidence has been reported at very low-level,this might not reflect the true incidence of leptospirosis.Strengthened surveillance in the endemic regions is,hence,substantially required to capture the actual prevalence to better control leptospirosis in China.
