Background:Infectious disease control has historically functioned as a critical intersection of biological survival and social organization.For centuries,humanity relied on empirical defenses such as quarantine and en...Background:Infectious disease control has historically functioned as a critical intersection of biological survival and social organization.For centuries,humanity relied on empirical defenses such as quarantine and environmental sanitation.However,the theoretical foundation of prevention has shifted significantly toward biomedical sciences,including microbiology,immunology,and molecular biology.Methods:Using a public health history framework,this review synthesizes data from academic archives,monographs,and policy documents.We examined key case studies-Plague,Cholera,Influenza,HIV/AIDS,and COVID-19-to map the technological and institutional evolution of disease management.Results:We locate the primary historical turning point in the 19th century.It was here that control strategies evolved from crude population mandates into precise biomedical interventions.The synthesis of sanitary reform and germ theory catalyzed this era of scientific progress.Following the standardization of vaccines and antibiotics,the focus shifted to chronic management during the HIV/AIDS crisis.Contemporary tools like mRNA platforms and genomic surveillance continue this lineage,yet their practical application remains uneven globally.Conclusion:We conclude that biomedical breakthroughs are necessary but insufficient for security.Effective defense requires coupling scientific tools with resilient infrastructure and global health coordination to resolve systemic inequities.展开更多
The article reviews the history and scientific contributions of the soil zoology school at Moscow Pedagogical State University,founded by Academician Mercury Sergeevich Gilyarov and led by Professor Nina Mikhailovna C...The article reviews the history and scientific contributions of the soil zoology school at Moscow Pedagogical State University,founded by Academician Mercury Sergeevich Gilyarov and led by Professor Nina Mikhailovna Chernova.A key theoretical contribution from this school was the development of succession theory,which describes changes in soil invertebrate communities during plant litter decomposition.The school’s primary research focus has been on soil microarthropods,particularly springtails(Collembola)and mites—groups that are crucial for soil fertility and bioindication yet remain understudied.We trace the school’s progress in the taxonomy,faunistic studies,and ecology of soil invertebrates,emphasizing its foundation in field studies and laboratory experiments.Though its development was further strengthened through national and international collaborations,many of N.M.Chernova’s seminal ideas are not widely known outside Russia due to language barriers and limited access to publications.Her students continue to address this issue while advancing the study of soil zoology,ecology,and its history.展开更多
Background:The rapid proliferation of digital platforms has transformed the dissemination of information,creating significant challenges for public health.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic highlighted the...Background:The rapid proliferation of digital platforms has transformed the dissemination of information,creating significant challenges for public health.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic highlighted the systemic vulnerabilities of digital information networks,particularly in the spread of misinformation.This study explores the historical evolution of information dissemination and its implications for public health in the digital age.Methods:This research employs a historical and comparative analysis approach,drawing on case studies from past pandemics and contemporary digital crises.The study integrates primary and secondary sources to examine the interplay between information technologies,public health policies,and misinformation dynamics over time.Results:The analysis reveals that misinformation risks have consistently emerged alongside advancements in information technologies,from the printing press to social media.The engagement-driven design of digital platforms exacerbates these risks,as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.Comparative analysis of global responses demonstrates the effectiveness of strategies like clear regulatory frameworks,consistent public health communication,and improved digital literacy.Conclusion:To address the systemic risks posed by digital misinformation,interdisciplinary collaboration,regulatory interventions,and public education are critical.This study underscores the importance of historical context in understanding current challenges and provides actionable insights for creating a more resilient public health information ecosystem.展开更多
The revolution of science and technology in the new era is rising.New industries,formats,and models led by information technology are emerging.Scientific research has entered the fourth data-intensive paradigm.As an i...The revolution of science and technology in the new era is rising.New industries,formats,and models led by information technology are emerging.Scientific research has entered the fourth data-intensive paradigm.As an important part of the science and technology innovation system,universities also have new requirements for their scientific research management system.In this article,it is suggested that the efficiency and quality of scientific research management in universities could be enhanced by reconstructing the organizational structure of scientific research management,improve the service capabilities of scientific research managers,perfecting the scientific research evaluation system,and innovating the management model of cross-research teams.展开更多
This study presents a clustering algorithm based on hierarchical expansion to solve the problem of community detection in scientific collaboration network. The characteristics of achievements information related to sc...This study presents a clustering algorithm based on hierarchical expansion to solve the problem of community detection in scientific collaboration network. The characteristics of achievements information related to scientific and technological domains are analyzed,and then an ontology that represents their latent collaborative relations is built to detect clusters from the collaboration network. A case study is conducted to collect a data set of research achievements in the electric vehicle field and better clustering results are obtained. A hierarchical recommendation framework that enriches the domain ontologies and retrieves more relevant information resources is proposed in the last part of this paper. This work also lays out a novel insight into the exploitation of scientific collaboration network to better classify achievements information.展开更多
Based on the perception of knowledge management from experts specializing in different fields,and experts at home and abroad,the knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution can build new platf...Based on the perception of knowledge management from experts specializing in different fields,and experts at home and abroad,the knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution can build new platform,offer new approach for realization of explicit or tacit knowledge,and promote resilience and innovative ability of scientific research institution.The thesis has introduced functions of knowledge management research of agricultural science.First,it can transform the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.Second,it can make all the scientific personnel share knowledge.Third,it is beneficial to the development of prototype system of knowledge management.Fourth,it mainly researches the realization of knowledge management system.Fifth,it can manage the external knowledge via competitive intelligence.Sixth,it can foster talents of knowledge management for agricultural scientific research institution.Seventh,it offers the decision-making service for leaders to manage scientific program.The thesis also discusses the content of knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution as follows:production and innovation of knowledge;attainment and organizing of knowledge;dissemination and share of knowledge;management of human resources and the construction and management of infrastructure.We have put forward corresponding countermeasures to further reinforce the knowledge management research of agricultural scientific research institution.展开更多
‘Empowerment’is the result of pursuing special capabilities under a specific value orientation.The changes in related object capabilities triggered by scientific and technical information activities in the new envir...‘Empowerment’is the result of pursuing special capabilities under a specific value orientation.The changes in related object capabilities triggered by scientific and technical information activities in the new environment are important to the national scientific and technical(S&T)information governance.Based on the empowerment theories and evaluation practices,this study attempts to construct an empowerment evaluation framework for national S&T information governance and takes the participatory technology assessment and Altmetrics methods as examples to demonstrate its advantages:1)The capability changes and development potential are regarded as important basis for evaluation;2)The multi-person participation and multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method is conducive to the democratic and objective nature of science and technology information governance policy formulation.展开更多
An extraordinary(X-mode)electromagnetic wave,injected into the ionosphere by the ground-based heating facility at Tromsφ,Norway,was utilized to modify the ionosphere on November 6,2017.The high-power high-frequency t...An extraordinary(X-mode)electromagnetic wave,injected into the ionosphere by the ground-based heating facility at Tromsφ,Norway,was utilized to modify the ionosphere on November 6,2017.The high-power high-frequency transmitter facility located at Tromsφ belongs to the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association.In the experiment,stimulated electromagnetic emission(SEE)spectra were observed.A narrow continuum occurred under cold-start conditions and showed an overshoot effect lasting several seconds.Cascading peaks occurred on both sides of the heating frequency only in the preconditioned ionosphere and also showed an overshoot effect.These SEE features are probably related to the ponderomotive process in the X-mode heating experiment and are helpful for understanding the physical mechanism that generated them during the X-mode heating experiment.The features observed in the X-mode heating experiments are novel and require further investigation.展开更多
1. Introduction The bronze swords were somewhat important in ancient China. Its alloy constituent analysishas been carried out by some scientist with modern technique. Afterwards, a series of work havebeen published. ...1. Introduction The bronze swords were somewhat important in ancient China. Its alloy constituent analysishas been carried out by some scientist with modern technique. Afterwards, a series of work havebeen published. The main results are: (1) the sword materials are Pb-Sn-bearing bronze with tincontent at 15～19%; (2) it is cast alloy mainly; (3) the rhombus pattern on the sword of Yue King展开更多
The development of network and information technology has brought changes to the production environment of scientific and technological information,leading to the integration of multi-type scien-tific and technologica...The development of network and information technology has brought changes to the production environment of scientific and technological information,leading to the integration of multi-type scien-tific and technological information,which has become one of the primary research focuses in the cur-rent field of scientific and technological information analysis.This article proposes a basic mode to realize the fusion of multi-type scientific and technological information,expounds the corresponding basic construction method,and applies it to the scientific and technological topics identification in the field of artificial intelligence(AI).The research results show that the multi-type scientific and technological information fusion mode proposed in this article has certain feasibility in specific appli-cation scenarios,which lays a foundation for the subsequent research work.展开更多
Purpose:Nearly 122 scientific journals are currently being published in Armenia-of which only six are indexed by WoS and/or Scopus databases.The majority of the national journals are published in the Armenian language...Purpose:Nearly 122 scientific journals are currently being published in Armenia-of which only six are indexed by WoS and/or Scopus databases.The majority of the national journals are published in the Armenian language,solely possessing abstracts written in English,although there are also English-language and multi-language journals with articles not only in Armenian but also in other foreign languages.The aim of this article is to study the visibility of the(non-indexed)national Armenian journals in the WoS database through citation analysis.In consideration of the existence of a relevant Armenian“diaspora”in the world,this article also attempts to estimate its impact in terms of citation statistics.Design/methodology/approach:For this end,we have identified citations to the national/domestic Armenian journals in the WoS database in comparison with the share of citations received from“diaspora”researchers(researchers of Armenian origin born in foreign countries and those originally from Armenia who have emigrated to foreign countries).Findings:Among the 116 Armenian domestic journals analyzed(not indexed by WoS),only 47 were found to be cited in WoS.Of these journals,almost 12%are citations by“diaspora”researchers,most of which concern Social Science and Humanities journals.Research limitations:Although the surnames of Armenians end with-i(y)an,sometimes,the Diaspora Armenians,surnames are changed or modified or they are not ending with-i(y)an,in this case we may fail to identify them.Practical implications:This study can help to build new,more deep and comprehensive relations with scientific diasporas.Originality/value:This study offers a new understanding of multifaced research collaboration with scientific diasporas and their role in internationalization of domestic journals.展开更多
The research work has been done in the field of social and organizational psychology. It is aim to analyze the factors which influence the levels of satisfaction and achievement reached by those working for scientific...The research work has been done in the field of social and organizational psychology. It is aim to analyze the factors which influence the levels of satisfaction and achievement reached by those working for scientific organizations and their relationship with professional mobility （Andrews, Aichholzer, Cole, Mittermeir, Stole-Heiskanen, UNESCO--United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1971） [1]. A stratified sample was taken from universities and different disciplines, based on a population of teachers from the Cuyo region （N = 355 R ＋ D-Research ＆ Development Units） （5% error margin）. At this first stage, the research teachers were from Universidad Nacional de Cuyo （N = 53 Research Units）： one chief or director and members. Quantitative techniques were used （two questionnaires）. The results show that researchers＇ satisfaction at different levels is connected with professional mobility and disciplinary fields. Regarding leadership, and considering professional mobility, a general feeling of satisfaction emerges among researchers, regardless of their disciplinary field.展开更多
It is important to effectively identify the data value of open source scientific and technological information and to help intelligence analysts select high-value data from a large number of open-source scientific and...It is important to effectively identify the data value of open source scientific and technological information and to help intelligence analysts select high-value data from a large number of open-source scientific and technological information. The data value evaluation methods of scientific and technological information is proposed in the open source environment. According to the characteristics of the methods, the data value evaluation methods were divided into the following three aspects: research on data value evaluation methods based on information metrology, research on data value evaluation methods based on economic perspective and research on data value assessment methods based on text analysis. For each method, it indicated the main ideas, application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages.展开更多
at present,data security has become the most urgent and primary issue in the era of digital economy.Marine scientific data security is the most urgent core issue of marine data resource management and sharing service....at present,data security has become the most urgent and primary issue in the era of digital economy.Marine scientific data security is the most urgent core issue of marine data resource management and sharing service.This paper focuses on the analysis of the needs of marine scientific data security governance,in-depth development of marine scientific data security governance approaches and methods,and practical application in the national marine scientific data center,optimizing the existing data management model,ensuring the safety of marine scientific data,and fully releasing the data value.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Neural regeneration following nerve injury is an emerging field that attracts ex- tending interests all over the world. OBJECTIVE： To use bibliometric indexes to track studies focusing on neural regenera...BACKGROUND： Neural regeneration following nerve injury is an emerging field that attracts ex- tending interests all over the world. OBJECTIVE： To use bibliometric indexes to track studies focusing on neural regeneration, and to investigate the relationships among geographic origin, countries and institutes, keywords in the published articles, and especially focus on the region distribution, institution distribution, as well as collaborations in Chinese papers indexed in the Web of Science. METHODS： A list of neural regeneration studies was generated by searching the database of the Web of Science-Expanded using the term ＂Neural Regenera＊＂. Inclusive criteria： （1） articles in the field of neural regeneration; （2） fundamental research on animals, clinical trials and case reports; （3） article types： article, review, proceedings paper, note, letter, editorial material, discussion, book chapter; （4） year of publication： 2003-2012; and （5） citation database： Science Citation Index-Expanded. Exclusive criteria： （1） articles requiring manual searching or with access only by telephone; （2） unpublished articles; and （3） corrections. RESULTS： A total of 4 893 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science published between 2003 and 2012. The papers covered 65 countries or regions, of which the United States ranked first with 1 691 papers. The most relevant papers were in the neurosciences and cell biology, and the key- word ＂stem cell＂ was the most frequent. In recent years, China showed a great increase in the number of papers. Over the entire 10 years, there were 922 Chinese papers, with Jilin University ranking first with 58 articles. Chinese papers were published in connection with many countries, in- cluding the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Among the connections, the papers published by the Chinese and the American are 107, with the highest rate. With regard to funding, 689 articles were funded from various projects, occupying 74.72% of the total amount. In these projects, National Foundation and Science and Technology programs were the majority. CONCLUSION： Our bibliometric analysis provides a historical perspective on the progress of neural regeneration research. At present, the number of articles addressing neural regeneration is increasing rapidly; however, through analysis of citations it is clear that there is a long way to go to improve the academic quality.展开更多
In an analytic methodological approach, TCM Shao Yin circuit and Lightning physics are compared in order to provide an academic support to relate these phenomena. The aim of this work is to offer a scientific descript...In an analytic methodological approach, TCM Shao Yin circuit and Lightning physics are compared in order to provide an academic support to relate these phenomena. The aim of this work is to offer a scientific description contrasting both events, so to find an electrophysiological explanation for the complementary resuscitation maneuver over K-1 Yongquan acupuncture point.展开更多
The present study uses the data collected from Cimel Sunphotometer of Aerosol Robotic Network（AERONET） for the period from January to December, 2012 over an urban site,Pretoria（PTR; 25.75°S, 28.28°E, 1449...The present study uses the data collected from Cimel Sunphotometer of Aerosol Robotic Network（AERONET） for the period from January to December, 2012 over an urban site,Pretoria（PTR; 25.75°S, 28.28°E, 1449 m above sea level）, South Africa. We found that monthly mean aerosol optical depth（AOD, τa） exhibits two maxima that occurred in summer（February） and winter（August） having values of 0.36 ± 0.19 and 0.25 ± 0.14,respectively, high-to-moderate values in spring and thereafter, decreases from autumn with a minima in early winter（June） 0.12 ± 0.07. The Angstrom exponents（α440–870） likewise,have its peak in summer（January） 1.70 ± 0.21 and lowest in early winter（June） 1.38 ± 0.26,while the columnar water vapor（CWV） followed AOD pattern with high values（summer） at the beginning of the year（February, 2.10 ± 0.37 cm） and low values（winter） in the middle of the year（July, 0.66 ± 0.21 cm）. The volume size distribution（VSD） in the fine-mode is higher in the summer and spring seasons, whereas in the coarse mode the VSD is higher in the winter and lower in the summer due to the hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles.The single scattering albedo（SSA） ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 at 440 nm over PTR for the entire study period. The averaged aerosol radiative forcing（ARF） computed using SBDART model at the top of the atmosphere（TOA） was- 8.78 ± 3.1 W/m2, while at the surface it was- 25.69 ± 8.1 W/m2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of ＋ 16.91 ± 6.8 W/m2, indicating significant heating of the atmosphere with a mean of 0.47 K/day.展开更多
Based on a bibliometric analysis in combination with other information analysis methods, this paper compares the different evaluation results on the subject of 'electric vehicles' drawn from Web of Science(WOS...Based on a bibliometric analysis in combination with other information analysis methods, this paper compares the different evaluation results on the subject of 'electric vehicles' drawn from Web of Science(WOS) and from Scopus. We came to the following conclusions after a careful comparison of these two databases. Firstly, both WOS and Scopus would provide some valid and unique evaluation indicators. Secondly, they showed similar results in terms of evaluating research performance of countries and research organizations involved in the targeted subject fields. In fact, both databases are good for discovering the research trend in general at the macroscopic level. Lastly, we ought to take the disciplinary characteristics, the extent of journal inclusion and resource selection criteria as well as inevitable data errors into full account in making recommendations to policy decision-makers.展开更多
Purpose:A text generation based multidisciplinary problem identification method is proposed,which does not rely on a large amount of data annotation.Design/methodology/approach:The proposed method first identifies the...Purpose:A text generation based multidisciplinary problem identification method is proposed,which does not rely on a large amount of data annotation.Design/methodology/approach:The proposed method first identifies the research objective types and disciplinary labels of papers using a text classification technique;second,it generates abstractive titles for each paper based on abstract and research objective types using a generative pre-trained language model;third,it extracts problem phrases from generated titles according to regular expression rules;fourth,it creates problem relation networks and identifies the same problems by exploiting a weighted community detection algorithm;finally,it identifies multidisciplinary problems based on the disciplinary labels of papers.Findings:Experiments in the“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”field show that the proposed method can effectively identify multidisciplinary research problems.The disciplinary distribution of the identified problems is consistent with our understanding of multidisciplinary collaboration in the field.Research limitations:It is necessary to use the proposed method in other multidisciplinary fields to validate its effectiveness.Practical implications:Multidisciplinary problem identification helps to gather multidisciplinary forces to solve complex real-world problems for the governments,fund valuable multidisciplinary problems for research management authorities,and borrow ideas from other disciplines for researchers.Originality/value:This approach proposes a novel multidisciplinary problem identification method based on text generation,which identifies multidisciplinary problems based on generative abstractive titles of papers without data annotation required by standard sequence labeling techniques.展开更多
Scientific literature often contains abbreviated terms in English for brief.Machine translation(MT)systems can help to share knowledge in different languages among researchers.Current MT systems may translate the same...Scientific literature often contains abbreviated terms in English for brief.Machine translation(MT)systems can help to share knowledge in different languages among researchers.Current MT systems may translate the same abbreviated term in different sentences into different target terms.MT systems translate the abbreviated term in two ways:one is to use translation of the full name,the other is to use the abbreviated term directly.Abbreviated terms may be ambiguous and polysemous,and MT systems do not have an explicit strategy to decide which way to use without context information.To get the consistent translation for abbreviated terms in scientific literature,this paper proposes a translation model for abbreviated terms that integrates context information to get consistent translation of abbreviated terms.The context information includes the positions of abbreviated term and domain attributes of scientific literature.The first abbreviated term is translated in full name while the latter ones of the same abbreviated term will show the abbreviated form in the translation text.Experiments of translation from Chinese to English show the effectiveness of the proposed translation model.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFA0917200)the Projects of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Grant No.BB2110240090)World Medical History under the Education Innovation Plan of the University of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2024YCHX07).
文摘Background:Infectious disease control has historically functioned as a critical intersection of biological survival and social organization.For centuries,humanity relied on empirical defenses such as quarantine and environmental sanitation.However,the theoretical foundation of prevention has shifted significantly toward biomedical sciences,including microbiology,immunology,and molecular biology.Methods:Using a public health history framework,this review synthesizes data from academic archives,monographs,and policy documents.We examined key case studies-Plague,Cholera,Influenza,HIV/AIDS,and COVID-19-to map the technological and institutional evolution of disease management.Results:We locate the primary historical turning point in the 19th century.It was here that control strategies evolved from crude population mandates into precise biomedical interventions.The synthesis of sanitary reform and germ theory catalyzed this era of scientific progress.Following the standardization of vaccines and antibiotics,the focus shifted to chronic management during the HIV/AIDS crisis.Contemporary tools like mRNA platforms and genomic surveillance continue this lineage,yet their practical application remains uneven globally.Conclusion:We conclude that biomedical breakthroughs are necessary but insufficient for security.Effective defense requires coupling scientific tools with resilient infrastructure and global health coordination to resolve systemic inequities.
文摘The article reviews the history and scientific contributions of the soil zoology school at Moscow Pedagogical State University,founded by Academician Mercury Sergeevich Gilyarov and led by Professor Nina Mikhailovna Chernova.A key theoretical contribution from this school was the development of succession theory,which describes changes in soil invertebrate communities during plant litter decomposition.The school’s primary research focus has been on soil microarthropods,particularly springtails(Collembola)and mites—groups that are crucial for soil fertility and bioindication yet remain understudied.We trace the school’s progress in the taxonomy,faunistic studies,and ecology of soil invertebrates,emphasizing its foundation in field studies and laboratory experiments.Though its development was further strengthened through national and international collaborations,many of N.M.Chernova’s seminal ideas are not widely known outside Russia due to language barriers and limited access to publications.Her students continue to address this issue while advancing the study of soil zoology,ecology,and its history.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFA0917200)Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Grant No.BB2110240080)University of Science and Technology of China Quality Project History of Virology(No.2024XGHJC26).
文摘Background:The rapid proliferation of digital platforms has transformed the dissemination of information,creating significant challenges for public health.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic highlighted the systemic vulnerabilities of digital information networks,particularly in the spread of misinformation.This study explores the historical evolution of information dissemination and its implications for public health in the digital age.Methods:This research employs a historical and comparative analysis approach,drawing on case studies from past pandemics and contemporary digital crises.The study integrates primary and secondary sources to examine the interplay between information technologies,public health policies,and misinformation dynamics over time.Results:The analysis reveals that misinformation risks have consistently emerged alongside advancements in information technologies,from the printing press to social media.The engagement-driven design of digital platforms exacerbates these risks,as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.Comparative analysis of global responses demonstrates the effectiveness of strategies like clear regulatory frameworks,consistent public health communication,and improved digital literacy.Conclusion:To address the systemic risks posed by digital misinformation,interdisciplinary collaboration,regulatory interventions,and public education are critical.This study underscores the importance of historical context in understanding current challenges and provides actionable insights for creating a more resilient public health information ecosystem.
文摘The revolution of science and technology in the new era is rising.New industries,formats,and models led by information technology are emerging.Scientific research has entered the fourth data-intensive paradigm.As an important part of the science and technology innovation system,universities also have new requirements for their scientific research management system.In this article,it is suggested that the efficiency and quality of scientific research management in universities could be enhanced by reconstructing the organizational structure of scientific research management,improve the service capabilities of scientific research managers,perfecting the scientific research evaluation system,and innovating the management model of cross-research teams.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.14CTQ045)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M570131)
文摘This study presents a clustering algorithm based on hierarchical expansion to solve the problem of community detection in scientific collaboration network. The characteristics of achievements information related to scientific and technological domains are analyzed,and then an ontology that represents their latent collaborative relations is built to detect clusters from the collaboration network. A case study is conducted to collect a data set of research achievements in the electric vehicle field and better clustering results are obtained. A hierarchical recommendation framework that enriches the domain ontologies and retrieves more relevant information resources is proposed in the last part of this paper. This work also lays out a novel insight into the exploitation of scientific collaboration network to better classify achievements information.
文摘Based on the perception of knowledge management from experts specializing in different fields,and experts at home and abroad,the knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution can build new platform,offer new approach for realization of explicit or tacit knowledge,and promote resilience and innovative ability of scientific research institution.The thesis has introduced functions of knowledge management research of agricultural science.First,it can transform the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.Second,it can make all the scientific personnel share knowledge.Third,it is beneficial to the development of prototype system of knowledge management.Fourth,it mainly researches the realization of knowledge management system.Fifth,it can manage the external knowledge via competitive intelligence.Sixth,it can foster talents of knowledge management for agricultural scientific research institution.Seventh,it offers the decision-making service for leaders to manage scientific program.The thesis also discusses the content of knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution as follows:production and innovation of knowledge;attainment and organizing of knowledge;dissemination and share of knowledge;management of human resources and the construction and management of infrastructure.We have put forward corresponding countermeasures to further reinforce the knowledge management research of agricultural scientific research institution.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(No.16BTQ058)
文摘‘Empowerment’is the result of pursuing special capabilities under a specific value orientation.The changes in related object capabilities triggered by scientific and technical information activities in the new environment are important to the national scientific and technical(S&T)information governance.Based on the empowerment theories and evaluation practices,this study attempts to construct an empowerment evaluation framework for national S&T information governance and takes the participatory technology assessment and Altmetrics methods as examples to demonstrate its advantages:1)The capability changes and development potential are regarded as important basis for evaluation;2)The multi-person participation and multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method is conducive to the democratic and objective nature of science and technology information governance policy formulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 41204111,41574146,41774162,and 41704155)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant numbers 2017M622504 and2019T120679)supported through the Russian Education Ministry(project number3.1844.2017)
文摘An extraordinary(X-mode)electromagnetic wave,injected into the ionosphere by the ground-based heating facility at Tromsφ,Norway,was utilized to modify the ionosphere on November 6,2017.The high-power high-frequency transmitter facility located at Tromsφ belongs to the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association.In the experiment,stimulated electromagnetic emission(SEE)spectra were observed.A narrow continuum occurred under cold-start conditions and showed an overshoot effect lasting several seconds.Cascading peaks occurred on both sides of the heating frequency only in the preconditioned ionosphere and also showed an overshoot effect.These SEE features are probably related to the ponderomotive process in the X-mode heating experiment and are helpful for understanding the physical mechanism that generated them during the X-mode heating experiment.The features observed in the X-mode heating experiments are novel and require further investigation.
文摘1. Introduction The bronze swords were somewhat important in ancient China. Its alloy constituent analysishas been carried out by some scientist with modern technique. Afterwards, a series of work havebeen published. The main results are: (1) the sword materials are Pb-Sn-bearing bronze with tincontent at 15～19%; (2) it is cast alloy mainly; (3) the rhombus pattern on the sword of Yue King
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72074201).
文摘The development of network and information technology has brought changes to the production environment of scientific and technological information,leading to the integration of multi-type scien-tific and technological information,which has become one of the primary research focuses in the cur-rent field of scientific and technological information analysis.This article proposes a basic mode to realize the fusion of multi-type scientific and technological information,expounds the corresponding basic construction method,and applies it to the scientific and technological topics identification in the field of artificial intelligence(AI).The research results show that the multi-type scientific and technological information fusion mode proposed in this article has certain feasibility in specific appli-cation scenarios,which lays a foundation for the subsequent research work.
基金The work was supported by the Science Committee of RA,in the frames of the research project No.20TTCG-5I013.
文摘Purpose:Nearly 122 scientific journals are currently being published in Armenia-of which only six are indexed by WoS and/or Scopus databases.The majority of the national journals are published in the Armenian language,solely possessing abstracts written in English,although there are also English-language and multi-language journals with articles not only in Armenian but also in other foreign languages.The aim of this article is to study the visibility of the(non-indexed)national Armenian journals in the WoS database through citation analysis.In consideration of the existence of a relevant Armenian“diaspora”in the world,this article also attempts to estimate its impact in terms of citation statistics.Design/methodology/approach:For this end,we have identified citations to the national/domestic Armenian journals in the WoS database in comparison with the share of citations received from“diaspora”researchers(researchers of Armenian origin born in foreign countries and those originally from Armenia who have emigrated to foreign countries).Findings:Among the 116 Armenian domestic journals analyzed(not indexed by WoS),only 47 were found to be cited in WoS.Of these journals,almost 12%are citations by“diaspora”researchers,most of which concern Social Science and Humanities journals.Research limitations:Although the surnames of Armenians end with-i(y)an,sometimes,the Diaspora Armenians,surnames are changed or modified or they are not ending with-i(y)an,in this case we may fail to identify them.Practical implications:This study can help to build new,more deep and comprehensive relations with scientific diasporas.Originality/value:This study offers a new understanding of multifaced research collaboration with scientific diasporas and their role in internationalization of domestic journals.
文摘The research work has been done in the field of social and organizational psychology. It is aim to analyze the factors which influence the levels of satisfaction and achievement reached by those working for scientific organizations and their relationship with professional mobility （Andrews, Aichholzer, Cole, Mittermeir, Stole-Heiskanen, UNESCO--United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1971） [1]. A stratified sample was taken from universities and different disciplines, based on a population of teachers from the Cuyo region （N = 355 R ＋ D-Research ＆ Development Units） （5% error margin）. At this first stage, the research teachers were from Universidad Nacional de Cuyo （N = 53 Research Units）： one chief or director and members. Quantitative techniques were used （two questionnaires）. The results show that researchers＇ satisfaction at different levels is connected with professional mobility and disciplinary fields. Regarding leadership, and considering professional mobility, a general feeling of satisfaction emerges among researchers, regardless of their disciplinary field.
文摘It is important to effectively identify the data value of open source scientific and technological information and to help intelligence analysts select high-value data from a large number of open-source scientific and technological information. The data value evaluation methods of scientific and technological information is proposed in the open source environment. According to the characteristics of the methods, the data value evaluation methods were divided into the following three aspects: research on data value evaluation methods based on information metrology, research on data value evaluation methods based on economic perspective and research on data value assessment methods based on text analysis. For each method, it indicated the main ideas, application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages.
文摘at present,data security has become the most urgent and primary issue in the era of digital economy.Marine scientific data security is the most urgent core issue of marine data resource management and sharing service.This paper focuses on the analysis of the needs of marine scientific data security governance,in-depth development of marine scientific data security governance approaches and methods,and practical application in the national marine scientific data center,optimizing the existing data management model,ensuring the safety of marine scientific data,and fully releasing the data value.
基金supported by the State Science and Technology Support Program of China,No.2011BAH30B01
文摘BACKGROUND： Neural regeneration following nerve injury is an emerging field that attracts ex- tending interests all over the world. OBJECTIVE： To use bibliometric indexes to track studies focusing on neural regeneration, and to investigate the relationships among geographic origin, countries and institutes, keywords in the published articles, and especially focus on the region distribution, institution distribution, as well as collaborations in Chinese papers indexed in the Web of Science. METHODS： A list of neural regeneration studies was generated by searching the database of the Web of Science-Expanded using the term ＂Neural Regenera＊＂. Inclusive criteria： （1） articles in the field of neural regeneration; （2） fundamental research on animals, clinical trials and case reports; （3） article types： article, review, proceedings paper, note, letter, editorial material, discussion, book chapter; （4） year of publication： 2003-2012; and （5） citation database： Science Citation Index-Expanded. Exclusive criteria： （1） articles requiring manual searching or with access only by telephone; （2） unpublished articles; and （3） corrections. RESULTS： A total of 4 893 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science published between 2003 and 2012. The papers covered 65 countries or regions, of which the United States ranked first with 1 691 papers. The most relevant papers were in the neurosciences and cell biology, and the key- word ＂stem cell＂ was the most frequent. In recent years, China showed a great increase in the number of papers. Over the entire 10 years, there were 922 Chinese papers, with Jilin University ranking first with 58 articles. Chinese papers were published in connection with many countries, in- cluding the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Among the connections, the papers published by the Chinese and the American are 107, with the highest rate. With regard to funding, 689 articles were funded from various projects, occupying 74.72% of the total amount. In these projects, National Foundation and Science and Technology programs were the majority. CONCLUSION： Our bibliometric analysis provides a historical perspective on the progress of neural regeneration research. At present, the number of articles addressing neural regeneration is increasing rapidly; however, through analysis of citations it is clear that there is a long way to go to improve the academic quality.
文摘In an analytic methodological approach, TCM Shao Yin circuit and Lightning physics are compared in order to provide an academic support to relate these phenomena. The aim of this work is to offer a scientific description contrasting both events, so to find an electrophysiological explanation for the complementary resuscitation maneuver over K-1 Yongquan acupuncture point.
基金supported through Africa Laser Centre (Pretoria) collaborative projectfunded NRF bi-lateral project(Grand UID:78682)
文摘The present study uses the data collected from Cimel Sunphotometer of Aerosol Robotic Network（AERONET） for the period from January to December, 2012 over an urban site,Pretoria（PTR; 25.75°S, 28.28°E, 1449 m above sea level）, South Africa. We found that monthly mean aerosol optical depth（AOD, τa） exhibits two maxima that occurred in summer（February） and winter（August） having values of 0.36 ± 0.19 and 0.25 ± 0.14,respectively, high-to-moderate values in spring and thereafter, decreases from autumn with a minima in early winter（June） 0.12 ± 0.07. The Angstrom exponents（α440–870） likewise,have its peak in summer（January） 1.70 ± 0.21 and lowest in early winter（June） 1.38 ± 0.26,while the columnar water vapor（CWV） followed AOD pattern with high values（summer） at the beginning of the year（February, 2.10 ± 0.37 cm） and low values（winter） in the middle of the year（July, 0.66 ± 0.21 cm）. The volume size distribution（VSD） in the fine-mode is higher in the summer and spring seasons, whereas in the coarse mode the VSD is higher in the winter and lower in the summer due to the hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles.The single scattering albedo（SSA） ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 at 440 nm over PTR for the entire study period. The averaged aerosol radiative forcing（ARF） computed using SBDART model at the top of the atmosphere（TOA） was- 8.78 ± 3.1 W/m2, while at the surface it was- 25.69 ± 8.1 W/m2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of ＋ 16.91 ± 6.8 W/m2, indicating significant heating of the atmosphere with a mean of 0.47 K/day.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.70973118)
文摘Based on a bibliometric analysis in combination with other information analysis methods, this paper compares the different evaluation results on the subject of 'electric vehicles' drawn from Web of Science(WOS) and from Scopus. We came to the following conclusions after a careful comparison of these two databases. Firstly, both WOS and Scopus would provide some valid and unique evaluation indicators. Secondly, they showed similar results in terms of evaluating research performance of countries and research organizations involved in the targeted subject fields. In fact, both databases are good for discovering the research trend in general at the macroscopic level. Lastly, we ought to take the disciplinary characteristics, the extent of journal inclusion and resource selection criteria as well as inevitable data errors into full account in making recommendations to policy decision-makers.
基金supported by the General Projects of ISTIC Innovation Foundation“Problem innovation solution mining based on text generation model”(MS2024-03).
文摘Purpose:A text generation based multidisciplinary problem identification method is proposed,which does not rely on a large amount of data annotation.Design/methodology/approach:The proposed method first identifies the research objective types and disciplinary labels of papers using a text classification technique;second,it generates abstractive titles for each paper based on abstract and research objective types using a generative pre-trained language model;third,it extracts problem phrases from generated titles according to regular expression rules;fourth,it creates problem relation networks and identifies the same problems by exploiting a weighted community detection algorithm;finally,it identifies multidisciplinary problems based on the disciplinary labels of papers.Findings:Experiments in the“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”field show that the proposed method can effectively identify multidisciplinary research problems.The disciplinary distribution of the identified problems is consistent with our understanding of multidisciplinary collaboration in the field.Research limitations:It is necessary to use the proposed method in other multidisciplinary fields to validate its effectiveness.Practical implications:Multidisciplinary problem identification helps to gather multidisciplinary forces to solve complex real-world problems for the governments,fund valuable multidisciplinary problems for research management authorities,and borrow ideas from other disciplines for researchers.Originality/value:This approach proposes a novel multidisciplinary problem identification method based on text generation,which identifies multidisciplinary problems based on generative abstractive titles of papers without data annotation required by standard sequence labeling techniques.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0707201)ISTIC Research Foundation Project(No.ZD2020-10)。
文摘Scientific literature often contains abbreviated terms in English for brief.Machine translation(MT)systems can help to share knowledge in different languages among researchers.Current MT systems may translate the same abbreviated term in different sentences into different target terms.MT systems translate the abbreviated term in two ways:one is to use translation of the full name,the other is to use the abbreviated term directly.Abbreviated terms may be ambiguous and polysemous,and MT systems do not have an explicit strategy to decide which way to use without context information.To get the consistent translation for abbreviated terms in scientific literature,this paper proposes a translation model for abbreviated terms that integrates context information to get consistent translation of abbreviated terms.The context information includes the positions of abbreviated term and domain attributes of scientific literature.The first abbreviated term is translated in full name while the latter ones of the same abbreviated term will show the abbreviated form in the translation text.Experiments of translation from Chinese to English show the effectiveness of the proposed translation model.
