Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil na...Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals.However,the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals(HCMHMs)on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain.Thus,further clarification of themechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required.Using the plant Sedum alfredii(S.alfredii)to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil,we further explored the mechanism of S.alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils.The results showed that(i)S.alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil,which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals.In addition,it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves;(ii)native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes,such as trpE,trpG,bjaI,rpfF,ACSL,and yidC,and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine,then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals.In addition,we speculated that genes such as K19703,K07891,K09711,K19703,K07891,and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals.The results provide scientific basis for S.alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils,and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.展开更多
The advent of Grover’s algorithm presents a significant threat to classical block cipher security,spurring research into post-quantum secure cipher design.This study engineers quantum circuit implementations for thre...The advent of Grover’s algorithm presents a significant threat to classical block cipher security,spurring research into post-quantum secure cipher design.This study engineers quantum circuit implementations for three versions of the Ballet family block ciphers.The Ballet‑p/k includes a modular-addition operation uncommon in lightweight block ciphers.Quantum ripple-carry adder is implemented for both“32+32”and“64+64”scale to support this operation.Subsequently,qubits,quantum gates count,and quantum circuit depth of three versions of Ballet algorithm are systematically evaluated under quantum computing model,and key recovery attack circuits are constructed based on Grover’s algorithm against each version.The comprehensive analysis shows:Ballet-128/128 fails to NIST Level 1 security,while when the resource accounting is restricted to the Clifford gates and T gates set for the Ballet-128/256 and Ballet-256/256 quantum circuits,the design attains Level 3.展开更多
[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hyd...[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz presents a critical challenge for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films due to its poor wettability.Here,a doped Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz to modify the Me-4PACz surface was proposed.On one hand,this approach improved the wettability of the Me-4PACz film,enhancing the coverage,uniformity,and buried interface properties of the perovskite film.On the other hand,compared to Al_(2)O_(3)modification alone,doping Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz allowed direct contact between the perovskite and Me-4PACz,resulting in better buried interface passivation.As a result,we achieved an efficiency of 22.71%for single-junction wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells(1.68 eV).Additionally,the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells was improved from 28.68%to 30.92%,with a significant reduction in hysteresis.Furthermore,the tandem cells demonstrated no degradation after 4200 s of operation at the maximum power point.展开更多
The effects of the synergistic addition of Er and Sc on the aging and interfacial segregation behaviors of alloys were systematically studied using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-angle annular dark fiel...The effects of the synergistic addition of Er and Sc on the aging and interfacial segregation behaviors of alloys were systematically studied using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-angle annular dark field(HAADF)imaging.The TEM results show that Al3(Sc,Zr)with a core-shell structure can act as nucleation particles forθ′to promote uniform and fine precipitation.The STEM results show that Er solute atoms were preferentially enriched inside theθ′precipitate during thermal exposure at 225℃for 150 h.However,Sc and Mn solute atoms segregated at theθ′/α-Al matrix interface were observed at 300℃.Due to the early enrichment of Er in theθ′precipitate,the slowly diffusing Sc and Mn were segregated to the interface of theθ′precipitate before the severe coarsening of theθ′precipitate,thus further stabilizing theθ′precipitate at higher temperatures.展开更多
This paper discusses the importance of standards in the fire extinguishing agent industry,and highlights the vital role of the standards in promoting technological innovation.China’s standards for fire extinguishing ...This paper discusses the importance of standards in the fire extinguishing agent industry,and highlights the vital role of the standards in promoting technological innovation.China’s standards for fire extinguishing agent products have evolved significantly,aligning with industrial development,market demands,regulatory requirements,to respond to the great impact of international competition in the industry.The paper analyzes the current state of China’s standards,including their composition and integration with industry growth,green development strategies,and international harmonization.Future development strategies for the standards framework should focus on valid period estimation,fire test model development,and raw material selection guidelines.By implementing these strategies,China’s fire protection industry can enhance product quality,contribute to public safety,and maintain a competitive edge in the global market.展开更多
BACKGROUND Reflux hypersensitivity(RH)constitutes roughly 14%of patients with heartburn and 34%of those with refractory heartburn,yet it is inadequately comprehended.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics and...BACKGROUND Reflux hypersensitivity(RH)constitutes roughly 14%of patients with heartburn and 34%of those with refractory heartburn,yet it is inadequately comprehended.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with RH.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 109 patients with RH and 384 healthy controls from three medical centers between January 2022 and December 2023.Comprehensive data encompassing symptoms,motility,impedance-pH monitoring,and psychological evaluations were collected.RESULTS RH patients encountered a greater frequency of weakly acidic reflux(WAR)events compared to acidic reflux or nonacidic reflux(NAR)events.Upright reflux time(1.22%)exceeds supine reflux time(0.54%)(P<0.05).Extraesophageal symptoms were more prevalent among younger patients and those with elevated NAR(P<0.05).The acidic reflux,WAR,NAR,and peristaltic contraction break length in male patients exceeded those in female patients(P<0.05).Age[odds ratio(OR)=5.633],hiatal hernia(OR=13.103),and anxiety(OR=17.342)constituted independent risk factors for RH.CONCLUSION WAR and NAR are pivotal in RH.Patients with increased NAR are more likely to experience extraesophageal symptoms.Age,hiatal hernia,and anxiety are significant independent risk factors for RH.展开更多
With the rapid growth of the Internet and social media, information is widely disseminated in multimodal forms, such as text and images, where discriminatory content can manifest in various ways. Discrimination detect...With the rapid growth of the Internet and social media, information is widely disseminated in multimodal forms, such as text and images, where discriminatory content can manifest in various ways. Discrimination detection techniques for multilingual and multimodal data can identify potential discriminatory behavior and help foster a more equitable and inclusive cyberspace. However, existing methods often struggle in complex contexts and multilingual environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative detection method, using image and multilingual text encoders to separately extract features from different modalities. It continuously updates a historical feature memory bank, aggregates the Top-K most similar samples, and utilizes a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to integrate current and historical features, generating enhanced feature representations with stronger semantic expressiveness to improve the model’s ability to capture discriminatory signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior discriminative power and detection accuracy in multilingual and multimodal contexts, offering a reliable and effective solution for identifying discriminatory content.展开更多
Commercial N52 sintered NdFeB magnets were processed by grain boundary diffusion(GBD)with Dy-Co-M(M=Cu,AI)alloys.The coercivity of magnets greatly increase to 17.62 and 18.83 kOe respectively when diffusing Dy_(58)Co_...Commercial N52 sintered NdFeB magnets were processed by grain boundary diffusion(GBD)with Dy-Co-M(M=Cu,AI)alloys.The coercivity of magnets greatly increase to 17.62 and 18.83 kOe respectively when diffusing Dy_(58)Co_(25)Cu_(17)and Dy_(58)Co_(25)Al_(17)alloys,which are obviously higher than that of Dy58Co42GBD-treated magnet with 16.64 kOe,Further thermal stability studies indicate that the thermal stability of Dy_(58)Co_(25)Cu_(17)and Dy_(58)Co_(25)Al_(17)GBD-treated magnets is further improved compared to the Dy58Co42GBD-treated magnet The results show that th e temperature coefficients of remanence(20-120℃)are reduced from-0.148%/℃to-0.134%/℃and-0.132%/℃by Dy_(58)Co_(25)Cu_(17)and Dy_(58)Co_(25)Al_(17)GBD-treatment,respectively.Besides,the irreversible magnetic flux losses(120℃)for Dy_(58)Co_(25)Cu_(17)and Dy_(58)Co_(25)Al_(17)diffusion magnets are 4.76%and 2.79%,respectively.Microstructural analyses demonstrate that the presence of Cu and Al elements reduces the excessive accumulation of Dy and Co on the surface in the diffusion magnets an d improves the diffusion depth and utilization of Dy and Co.Furthermore,the flow of Co from the triple junction phase to the thin grain boundary phase is promoted,which contributes to the uniform distribution of Co.In addition,the dynamic evolution of the magnetic domain structure during the temperature rise process was studied.This work provides insight into the preparation of high-performance and high-thermal stability magnets.展开更多
Creating complex and interconnected fracture networks between injection and production wells is crucial for exploiting hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal energy.However,the simple planar fractures created by conventional hyd...Creating complex and interconnected fracture networks between injection and production wells is crucial for exploiting hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal energy.However,the simple planar fractures created by conventional hydraulic fracturing,primarily controlled by in situ stress,fail to connect directionally with the target well.This study proposes a novel stimulation method,i.e.radial borehole fracturing,which shows great potential for guiding the directional propagation of fractures.The fracture initiation and propagation behaviors of high-temperature granite under radial borehole fracturing are investigated and compared with those of conventional fracturing.Three-dimensional morphological scanning and reinjection tests are used to quantitatively evaluate fracturing performance.Additionally,the influences of key parameters,including rock temperature,in situ stress,injection rate,fluid viscosity,azimuth of the radial borehole,and the number of radial boreholes on the fracture morphology and breakdown pressure are investigated.The results show that radial borehole fracturing can effectively guide the initiation and propagation of fractures along the radial borehole.The breakdown pressure of radial borehole fracturing can be reduced by 14.1%–43.7%compared to conventional fracturing.A higher fluid-rock temperature difference reduces the directional propagation range of fractures guided by the radial borehole.Increases in the vertical density of radial boreholes,injection rate,and fluid viscosity enhance the guiding ability of radial boreholes.Furthermore,there is a competitive relationship between in situ stress and the azimuth of radial boreholes in controlling fracture propagation.This research provides a viable alternative for the directional connection of injection-production wells in HDR reservoirs.展开更多
The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was w...The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was wrongly placed.展开更多
A high humidity-resistant,dual mechanical responsive,and reversible mechanochromic wrinkling system based on a VHB 4910-polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)substrate with a thin film consisting of 90 wt%poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB)...A high humidity-resistant,dual mechanical responsive,and reversible mechanochromic wrinkling system based on a VHB 4910-polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)substrate with a thin film consisting of 90 wt%poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB)and 10 wt%hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)has been reported.The wrinkling system exhibited significant optical tuning from transparent to opaque states with 50%changes in transmittance,which was achieved through the dual mechanical modes of pre-stretching and releasing processes or bending.Upon exposure to ethanol vapor or a re-flattening process,wrinkles can be erased,yielding a transparent state.Consequently,the wrinkling system could be reversibly switched between transparency and opacity for 1000 cycles with marginal changes in the optical performance.Owing to the insolubility of PVB in water,the wrinkling patterns exhibited excellent durability in high-humidity environments(relative humidity(RH)=99%).Furthermore,the smart encryption device is also demonstrated via mechano-controlled surface topography by patterning the wrinkling system,suggesting potential applications of the designed structure in smart windows,anti-counterfeiting,dynamic display,optical information encryption,and rewritable surfaces.展开更多
Opto-electronics is rooted in the effects and principles of light,photons,and even photonic quasiparticles interaction with matter such as electronics systems,focusing on the generation,transmission,detection,and mani...Opto-electronics is rooted in the effects and principles of light,photons,and even photonic quasiparticles interaction with matter such as electronics systems,focusing on the generation,transmission,detection,and manipulation of energy and information.This field drives innovation across diverse technological domains,including advanced materials,devices,methods,instruments,and equipment that empower humanity to overcome significant challenges in observation,communication,computing,data storage,display technologies,and sustainable energy solutions.展开更多
Laser debonding technology has been widely used in advanced chip packaging,such as fan-out integration,2.5D/3D ICs,and MEMS devices.Typically,laser debonding of bonded pairs(R/R separation)is typically achieved by com...Laser debonding technology has been widely used in advanced chip packaging,such as fan-out integration,2.5D/3D ICs,and MEMS devices.Typically,laser debonding of bonded pairs(R/R separation)is typically achieved by completely removing the material from the ablation region within the release material layer at high energy densities.However,this R/R separation method often results in a significant amount of release material and carbonized debris remaining on the surface of the device wafer,severely reducing product yields and cleaning efficiency for ultra-thin device wafers.Here,we proposed an interfacial separation strategy based on laser-induced hot stamping effect and thermoelastic stress wave,which enables stress-free separation of wafer bonding pairs at the interface of the release layer and the adhesive layer(R/A separation).By comprehensively analyzing the micro-morphology and material composition of the release material,we elucidated the laser debonding behavior of bonded pairs under different separation modes.Additionally,we calculated the ablation threshold of the release material in the case of wafer bonding and established the processing window for different separation methods.This work offers a fresh perspective on the development and application of laser debonding technology.The proposed R/A interface separation method is versatile,controllable,and highly reliable,and does not leave release materials and carbonized debris on device wafers,demonstrating strong industrial adaptability,which greatly facilitates the application and development of advanced packaging for ultra-thin chips.展开更多
Due to the ionic feature of the lanthanide ions,to straightly bridge two lanthanide(Ln)ions is rather challenging though this bridging mode is much beneficial to suppress the zero-field quantum tunneling of the magnet...Due to the ionic feature of the lanthanide ions,to straightly bridge two lanthanide(Ln)ions is rather challenging though this bridging mode is much beneficial to suppress the zero-field quantum tunneling of the magnetization(QTM)for single-molecule magnets(SMMs),a kind of nanosized magnetic materials for high-density information storage and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent.Here we used an unusual terminal amino pyridine ligand which utilizes extensive supramolecular interactions to stabilize such an unusual linear bridging mode and obtained a series of such dimeric Ln(Ⅲ)complexes-{[LnL_(A)(4-NH_(2)py)_(5)]_(2)(μ-Cl)}[BPh_(4)]_(3)(For L_(A)^(-)=1-AdO^(-),1Ln;for L_(A)^(-)=~tBuO^(-),2Ln;Ln=Dy,Gd).More uniquely,the bridging chloride sits in the center of two improper rotation symmetry related Ln(Ⅲ)ions with local C_(5v)symmetry.The dimeric compounds 1Dy and 2Dy exhibit much slower low-temperature magnetic relaxation and thousands of times longer relaxation times at 2 K(τ_(2K)=2706.89 and 1437.05 s for 1Dy and 2Dy)compared to the diluted ones with the approaching magnetic property of the C_(5v)motifs(τ_(2K)=0.77 and 1.29 s for 1Dy@1Y and 2Dy@2Y).Though magnetic interactions mediated via the chloride bridge in both 1Dy and 2Dy are weak and antiferromagnetic,it is still very effective due to such a linear geometry to reduce the QTM effect in SMMs.展开更多
Multimodal ultrasonic vibration(UV)assisted micro-forming has been widely investigated for its advantages of further reducing forming loads and improving forming quality.However,the influence mechanism of different UV...Multimodal ultrasonic vibration(UV)assisted micro-forming has been widely investigated for its advantages of further reducing forming loads and improving forming quality.However,the influence mechanism of different UV modes on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties was still unclear.Mul-timodal UV assisted micro-compression tests on T2 copper with different grains and sample sizes were conducted in this study.The microstructure evolution for different UV modes was observed by EBSD.The results showed that the true stress reduction caused by UV was increased sequentially with tool ultrasonic vibration(TV),mold ultrasonic vibration(MV)and compound ultrasonic vibration(CV).The region of grain deformation was shifted along the direction of UV,and the MV promoted the uniform distribution of deformation stress.The grain refinement,fiber streamline density,grain deformation and rotation degree were further enhanced under CV,due to the synergistic effect of TV and MV.Additionally,a coupled theoretical model considering both acoustic softening effect and size effect was proposed for describing the mechanical properties.And a physical model of dislocation motion in different UV modes was developed for describing the microstructure evolution.The maximum error between the theoretical and experimental results was only 2.39%.This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of UV assisted micro-forming process.展开更多
Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB)are lifelong,often accompanied by side effects and the risk of drug resistance,highlighting the urgent need for alternative therapies such as therapeutic vaccines.However...Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB)are lifelong,often accompanied by side effects and the risk of drug resistance,highlighting the urgent need for alternative therapies such as therapeutic vaccines.However,challenges such as selecting appropriate antigens and addressing multiple hepatitis B virus(HBV)genotypes hinder the development of these vaccines.One approach to overcoming these challenges is reverse vaccinology(RV)combined with immunoinformatics.RV uses computational methods to identify antigens from pathogen genetic information,including genomic and proteomic data.These methods have helped researchers identify conserved epitopes across bacterial strains or viral species,including multiple HBV genotypes.Computational tools,such as epitope mapping algorithms,molecular docking analysis,molecular dynamics simulations,and immune response simulations,enable key epitope identification,predict vaccine candidates'binding potential to immune cell receptors,and forecast the immune response.Together,these approaches streamline therapeutic vaccine design for CHB,making it faster,more cost-effective,and accurate.This review aims to explore the potential role of RV and immunoinformatics in advancing therapeutic vaccine design for CHB.展开更多
Static magnetic field(SMF)exposure exerts notable regulatory effects on metabolic disorders,yet its influence on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and gut microbiota during disease progression...Static magnetic field(SMF)exposure exerts notable regulatory effects on metabolic disorders,yet its influence on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and gut microbiota during disease progression remains unclear.In this study,MAFLD was induced in mice via a high-fat diet(HFD),followed by exposure to a 0.2 T SMF for 12 h per day over a 10 week period.SMF treatment significantly attenuated body weight gain,alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation,and improved liver function.Sequencing analysis of intestinal contents revealed a significant increase in microbial diversity and enrichment of beneficial bacterial taxa under SMF exposure.Integrated multi-omics analysis and Spearman correlation further demonstrated that SMF significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and modulated pathways related to polyunsaturated fatty acid and glutamate metabolism,in close association with shifts in beneficial gut microbiota.Furthermore,transcriptomic profiling of liver tissue indicated that SMF inhibited fatty acid synthesis and elongation by regulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ),thereby contributing to reduced hepatic burden.These findings highlight SMF as a promising non-invasive strategy for MAFLD intervention and provide insights into the microbiota-mediated metabolic axis underlying its therapeutic effects.展开更多
The NiOx,due to its excellent semiconductor properties,ease of large-area deposition,and tunable optoelectronic characteristics,shows great potential in industrial large-area perovskite technologies.However,NiO_(x)-ba...The NiOx,due to its excellent semiconductor properties,ease of large-area deposition,and tunable optoelectronic characteristics,shows great potential in industrial large-area perovskite technologies.However,NiO_(x)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are limited by interfacial photocatalytic chemical reactions and energy level mismatch.Thus,phosphate-based self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)have been widely developed for delicate interfacial modification;however,they suffer from severe issues such as self-aggregation and high cost.Herein,a low-cost carboxylate-based SAM(pyrenebutyric acid,PyBA)was used to modify NiO_(x),achieving an improved surface chemical environment and interfacial properties,such as an increased Ni^(3+)/Ni2^(+)ratio,a reduced proportion of high-valence Ni^(≥3+),and better-aligned hole transport interface energy level.The introduction of PyBA also results in larger grain size,higher uniformity,and enhanced photoluminescence(PL)from the bottom of the perovskite,yielding a significant increase in efficiency from an initial 22.48%to 25.14%,while increasing the open-circuit voltage(VOC)from 1.077 to 1.192 V.Additionally,a perovskite module with an aperture area of 21 cm^(2)achieved an efficiency of 22.28%,demonstrating the excellent scalability of the PyBA treatment.Moreover,the well-modified buried interface combined with the chemical inertness and structural rigidity of pyrene ensures excellent ultraviolet(UV)stability(the target module maintained 92%of the initial efficiency after 200 h and the control device only retained 40%).展开更多
State-selective single-and double-electron capture processes in collisions of S^(5+)ions with helium at energies ranging from 50.8 keV to 100 keV were investigated using cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy(CO...State-selective single-and double-electron capture processes in collisions of S^(5+)ions with helium at energies ranging from 50.8 keV to 100 keV were investigated using cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy(COLTRIMS).Q-value spectra and projectile scattering angle distributions were obtained.For single-electron capture,single electron capture into n=3 states of the projectile ion is dominant.As the projectile energy increases,the contribution of single electron capture into n=4 states is observed.Experimental relative cross-sections for single-electron capture into different projectile final states were compared with theoretical predictions based on the molecular orbital close-coupling(MOCC)method.In double-electron capture,two-electron populating into the 3s^(2)3p and 3s3p^(2)states of projectile dominates.The reaction window calculated from the classical molecular Coulombic barrier model can qualitatively explain the experimental results.The scattering angle distribution of the multi-peak structure of the double-electron capture process is observed.The database is openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00233.展开更多
The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied...The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied cations and anions are introduced into perovskite to suppress ion migration,the impact of cations or anions is not individually explored,which hinders the evaluation of different cations and further application of doping strategy.Here we report that a special group of sulfonic anions(like CF_(3)SO_(3)^(-))successfully introduce alkaline earth ions(like Ca^(2+))into perovskite lattice compared to its halide counterparts.Furthermore,with effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation of sulfonic anions,perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)shows reduced PbI2 residue and metallic Pb0 defects;thereby,corresponding PSCs show an enhanced PCE of 24.95%.Finally by comparing the properties of perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)and FACF_(3)SO_(3),we found that doped Ca^(2+)significantly suppressed halide migration with an activation energy of 1.246 eV which accounts for the improved operational stability of Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2-)doped PSCs,while no obvious impact of Ca^(2+)on trap density is observed.Combining the benefits of cations and anions,this study presents an effective method to decouple the effects of cations and anions and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central PublicWelfare Scientific Research Institutes of China(No.2021-JY-37)the Yellow River Basin Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Joint Study(Phase I)(No.2022-YRUC-01-0202).
文摘Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals.However,the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals(HCMHMs)on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain.Thus,further clarification of themechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required.Using the plant Sedum alfredii(S.alfredii)to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil,we further explored the mechanism of S.alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils.The results showed that(i)S.alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil,which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals.In addition,it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves;(ii)native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes,such as trpE,trpG,bjaI,rpfF,ACSL,and yidC,and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine,then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals.In addition,we speculated that genes such as K19703,K07891,K09711,K19703,K07891,and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals.The results provide scientific basis for S.alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils,and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.
基金State Key Lab of Processors,Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CLQ202516)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(3282025047,3282024051,3282024009)。
文摘The advent of Grover’s algorithm presents a significant threat to classical block cipher security,spurring research into post-quantum secure cipher design.This study engineers quantum circuit implementations for three versions of the Ballet family block ciphers.The Ballet‑p/k includes a modular-addition operation uncommon in lightweight block ciphers.Quantum ripple-carry adder is implemented for both“32+32”and“64+64”scale to support this operation.Subsequently,qubits,quantum gates count,and quantum circuit depth of three versions of Ballet algorithm are systematically evaluated under quantum computing model,and key recovery attack circuits are constructed based on Grover’s algorithm against each version.The comprehensive analysis shows:Ballet-128/128 fails to NIST Level 1 security,while when the resource accounting is restricted to the Clifford gates and T gates set for the Ballet-128/256 and Ballet-256/256 quantum circuits,the design attains Level 3.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4202503)the cooperation project between Three Gorges Corporation and Nankai University(202103571)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(U21A2072)the National Science Foundation(62274099,62104115)Tianjin Science and Technology Project(24ZXZSSS00160)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(202302A0370009)the China Higher Education Discipline Innovation Overseas Expert Introduction Project(B16027)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformationsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University。
文摘[4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid(Me-4PACz)self-assembled monolayer(SAM)as the hole transport materials have been demonstrated remarkable potential in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz presents a critical challenge for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films due to its poor wettability.Here,a doped Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz to modify the Me-4PACz surface was proposed.On one hand,this approach improved the wettability of the Me-4PACz film,enhancing the coverage,uniformity,and buried interface properties of the perovskite film.On the other hand,compared to Al_(2)O_(3)modification alone,doping Al_(2)O_(3)with Me-4PACz allowed direct contact between the perovskite and Me-4PACz,resulting in better buried interface passivation.As a result,we achieved an efficiency of 22.71%for single-junction wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells(1.68 eV).Additionally,the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells was improved from 28.68%to 30.92%,with a significant reduction in hysteresis.Furthermore,the tandem cells demonstrated no degradation after 4200 s of operation at the maximum power point.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFB3700902,2021YFB3704204,2021YFB3704205)Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51621003)+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2202009)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20191148)Beijing Lab Project for Modern Transportation Metallic Materials and Processing Technology,ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory for Clad Materials,China(No.BM2014006)。
文摘The effects of the synergistic addition of Er and Sc on the aging and interfacial segregation behaviors of alloys were systematically studied using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-angle annular dark field(HAADF)imaging.The TEM results show that Al3(Sc,Zr)with a core-shell structure can act as nucleation particles forθ′to promote uniform and fine precipitation.The STEM results show that Er solute atoms were preferentially enriched inside theθ′precipitate during thermal exposure at 225℃for 150 h.However,Sc and Mn solute atoms segregated at theθ′/α-Al matrix interface were observed at 300℃.Due to the early enrichment of Er in theθ′precipitate,the slowly diffusing Sc and Mn were segregated to the interface of theθ′precipitate before the severe coarsening of theθ′precipitate,thus further stabilizing theθ′precipitate at higher temperatures.
基金supported by the specialized fund project for the fundamental research operation of central-level public welfare scientific research institutes,titled“Research on the International Standards System Construction and Updates in the Field of Fire Protection(Project No.2023SJ09)”.
文摘This paper discusses the importance of standards in the fire extinguishing agent industry,and highlights the vital role of the standards in promoting technological innovation.China’s standards for fire extinguishing agent products have evolved significantly,aligning with industrial development,market demands,regulatory requirements,to respond to the great impact of international competition in the industry.The paper analyzes the current state of China’s standards,including their composition and integration with industry growth,green development strategies,and international harmonization.Future development strategies for the standards framework should focus on valid period estimation,fire test model development,and raw material selection guidelines.By implementing these strategies,China’s fire protection industry can enhance product quality,contribute to public safety,and maintain a competitive edge in the global market.
基金Supported by the Foundation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,No.YJ(ZD)202301.
文摘BACKGROUND Reflux hypersensitivity(RH)constitutes roughly 14%of patients with heartburn and 34%of those with refractory heartburn,yet it is inadequately comprehended.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with RH.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 109 patients with RH and 384 healthy controls from three medical centers between January 2022 and December 2023.Comprehensive data encompassing symptoms,motility,impedance-pH monitoring,and psychological evaluations were collected.RESULTS RH patients encountered a greater frequency of weakly acidic reflux(WAR)events compared to acidic reflux or nonacidic reflux(NAR)events.Upright reflux time(1.22%)exceeds supine reflux time(0.54%)(P<0.05).Extraesophageal symptoms were more prevalent among younger patients and those with elevated NAR(P<0.05).The acidic reflux,WAR,NAR,and peristaltic contraction break length in male patients exceeded those in female patients(P<0.05).Age[odds ratio(OR)=5.633],hiatal hernia(OR=13.103),and anxiety(OR=17.342)constituted independent risk factors for RH.CONCLUSION WAR and NAR are pivotal in RH.Patients with increased NAR are more likely to experience extraesophageal symptoms.Age,hiatal hernia,and anxiety are significant independent risk factors for RH.
基金funded by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security,Ministry of Education[KLCS20240210].
文摘With the rapid growth of the Internet and social media, information is widely disseminated in multimodal forms, such as text and images, where discriminatory content can manifest in various ways. Discrimination detection techniques for multilingual and multimodal data can identify potential discriminatory behavior and help foster a more equitable and inclusive cyberspace. However, existing methods often struggle in complex contexts and multilingual environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative detection method, using image and multilingual text encoders to separately extract features from different modalities. It continuously updates a historical feature memory bank, aggregates the Top-K most similar samples, and utilizes a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to integrate current and historical features, generating enhanced feature representations with stronger semantic expressiveness to improve the model’s ability to capture discriminatory signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior discriminative power and detection accuracy in multilingual and multimodal contexts, offering a reliable and effective solution for identifying discriminatory content.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3505003,2021YFB3502802)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ23E010001)+3 种基金"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D program of Zhejiang(2022C01020)Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo City(2023Z093)Kunpeng Plan of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Top Talent Program。
文摘Commercial N52 sintered NdFeB magnets were processed by grain boundary diffusion(GBD)with Dy-Co-M(M=Cu,AI)alloys.The coercivity of magnets greatly increase to 17.62 and 18.83 kOe respectively when diffusing Dy_(58)Co_(25)Cu_(17)and Dy_(58)Co_(25)Al_(17)alloys,which are obviously higher than that of Dy58Co42GBD-treated magnet with 16.64 kOe,Further thermal stability studies indicate that the thermal stability of Dy_(58)Co_(25)Cu_(17)and Dy_(58)Co_(25)Al_(17)GBD-treated magnets is further improved compared to the Dy58Co42GBD-treated magnet The results show that th e temperature coefficients of remanence(20-120℃)are reduced from-0.148%/℃to-0.134%/℃and-0.132%/℃by Dy_(58)Co_(25)Cu_(17)and Dy_(58)Co_(25)Al_(17)GBD-treatment,respectively.Besides,the irreversible magnetic flux losses(120℃)for Dy_(58)Co_(25)Cu_(17)and Dy_(58)Co_(25)Al_(17)diffusion magnets are 4.76%and 2.79%,respectively.Microstructural analyses demonstrate that the presence of Cu and Al elements reduces the excessive accumulation of Dy and Co on the surface in the diffusion magnets an d improves the diffusion depth and utilization of Dy and Co.Furthermore,the flow of Co from the triple junction phase to the thin grain boundary phase is promoted,which contributes to the uniform distribution of Co.In addition,the dynamic evolution of the magnetic domain structure during the temperature rise process was studied.This work provides insight into the preparation of high-performance and high-thermal stability magnets.
基金supported by the National Science Fund of China for Major International(Regional)Joint Research Project(Grant No.52020105001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52304053 and 52204019).
文摘Creating complex and interconnected fracture networks between injection and production wells is crucial for exploiting hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal energy.However,the simple planar fractures created by conventional hydraulic fracturing,primarily controlled by in situ stress,fail to connect directionally with the target well.This study proposes a novel stimulation method,i.e.radial borehole fracturing,which shows great potential for guiding the directional propagation of fractures.The fracture initiation and propagation behaviors of high-temperature granite under radial borehole fracturing are investigated and compared with those of conventional fracturing.Three-dimensional morphological scanning and reinjection tests are used to quantitatively evaluate fracturing performance.Additionally,the influences of key parameters,including rock temperature,in situ stress,injection rate,fluid viscosity,azimuth of the radial borehole,and the number of radial boreholes on the fracture morphology and breakdown pressure are investigated.The results show that radial borehole fracturing can effectively guide the initiation and propagation of fractures along the radial borehole.The breakdown pressure of radial borehole fracturing can be reduced by 14.1%–43.7%compared to conventional fracturing.A higher fluid-rock temperature difference reduces the directional propagation range of fractures guided by the radial borehole.Increases in the vertical density of radial boreholes,injection rate,and fluid viscosity enhance the guiding ability of radial boreholes.Furthermore,there is a competitive relationship between in situ stress and the azimuth of radial boreholes in controlling fracture propagation.This research provides a viable alternative for the directional connection of injection-production wells in HDR reservoirs.
文摘The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was wrongly placed.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT),Macao SAR(No.0149/2022/A),and(No.0046/2024/AFJ)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(No.2023QN10C305)。
文摘A high humidity-resistant,dual mechanical responsive,and reversible mechanochromic wrinkling system based on a VHB 4910-polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)substrate with a thin film consisting of 90 wt%poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB)and 10 wt%hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)has been reported.The wrinkling system exhibited significant optical tuning from transparent to opaque states with 50%changes in transmittance,which was achieved through the dual mechanical modes of pre-stretching and releasing processes or bending.Upon exposure to ethanol vapor or a re-flattening process,wrinkles can be erased,yielding a transparent state.Consequently,the wrinkling system could be reversibly switched between transparency and opacity for 1000 cycles with marginal changes in the optical performance.Owing to the insolubility of PVB in water,the wrinkling patterns exhibited excellent durability in high-humidity environments(relative humidity(RH)=99%).Furthermore,the smart encryption device is also demonstrated via mechano-controlled surface topography by patterning the wrinkling system,suggesting potential applications of the designed structure in smart windows,anti-counterfeiting,dynamic display,optical information encryption,and rewritable surfaces.
文摘Opto-electronics is rooted in the effects and principles of light,photons,and even photonic quasiparticles interaction with matter such as electronics systems,focusing on the generation,transmission,detection,and manipulation of energy and information.This field drives innovation across diverse technological domains,including advanced materials,devices,methods,instruments,and equipment that empower humanity to overcome significant challenges in observation,communication,computing,data storage,display technologies,and sustainable energy solutions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62174170)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515010123)+4 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(20220807020526001)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0670000)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KJZD20230923114708018,KJZD20230923114710022)the Talent Support Project of Guangdong(2021TX06C101)the Shenzhen Basic Research(JCYJ20210324115406019).
文摘Laser debonding technology has been widely used in advanced chip packaging,such as fan-out integration,2.5D/3D ICs,and MEMS devices.Typically,laser debonding of bonded pairs(R/R separation)is typically achieved by completely removing the material from the ablation region within the release material layer at high energy densities.However,this R/R separation method often results in a significant amount of release material and carbonized debris remaining on the surface of the device wafer,severely reducing product yields and cleaning efficiency for ultra-thin device wafers.Here,we proposed an interfacial separation strategy based on laser-induced hot stamping effect and thermoelastic stress wave,which enables stress-free separation of wafer bonding pairs at the interface of the release layer and the adhesive layer(R/A separation).By comprehensively analyzing the micro-morphology and material composition of the release material,we elucidated the laser debonding behavior of bonded pairs under different separation modes.Additionally,we calculated the ablation threshold of the release material in the case of wafer bonding and established the processing window for different separation methods.This work offers a fresh perspective on the development and application of laser debonding technology.The proposed R/A interface separation method is versatile,controllable,and highly reliable,and does not leave release materials and carbonized debris on device wafers,demonstrating strong industrial adaptability,which greatly facilitates the application and development of advanced packaging for ultra-thin chips.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375157)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(No.EIPE23405)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.xtr052023002)the Special Support Plan of Shaanxi Province for Young Top-notch Talentthe Medical-Engineering Cross Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of XJTU(No.QYJC02)。
文摘Due to the ionic feature of the lanthanide ions,to straightly bridge two lanthanide(Ln)ions is rather challenging though this bridging mode is much beneficial to suppress the zero-field quantum tunneling of the magnetization(QTM)for single-molecule magnets(SMMs),a kind of nanosized magnetic materials for high-density information storage and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent.Here we used an unusual terminal amino pyridine ligand which utilizes extensive supramolecular interactions to stabilize such an unusual linear bridging mode and obtained a series of such dimeric Ln(Ⅲ)complexes-{[LnL_(A)(4-NH_(2)py)_(5)]_(2)(μ-Cl)}[BPh_(4)]_(3)(For L_(A)^(-)=1-AdO^(-),1Ln;for L_(A)^(-)=~tBuO^(-),2Ln;Ln=Dy,Gd).More uniquely,the bridging chloride sits in the center of two improper rotation symmetry related Ln(Ⅲ)ions with local C_(5v)symmetry.The dimeric compounds 1Dy and 2Dy exhibit much slower low-temperature magnetic relaxation and thousands of times longer relaxation times at 2 K(τ_(2K)=2706.89 and 1437.05 s for 1Dy and 2Dy)compared to the diluted ones with the approaching magnetic property of the C_(5v)motifs(τ_(2K)=0.77 and 1.29 s for 1Dy@1Y and 2Dy@2Y).Though magnetic interactions mediated via the chloride bridge in both 1Dy and 2Dy are weak and antiferromagnetic,it is still very effective due to such a linear geometry to reduce the QTM effect in SMMs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFB4602502)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515011991)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program Fund of Hubei Province(No.2022BAA057)the state Key Lab-oratory of Solidification Processing in NPU(No.SKLSP202325)the China Scholarship Council Visiting PhD Program(No.202306410136).
文摘Multimodal ultrasonic vibration(UV)assisted micro-forming has been widely investigated for its advantages of further reducing forming loads and improving forming quality.However,the influence mechanism of different UV modes on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties was still unclear.Mul-timodal UV assisted micro-compression tests on T2 copper with different grains and sample sizes were conducted in this study.The microstructure evolution for different UV modes was observed by EBSD.The results showed that the true stress reduction caused by UV was increased sequentially with tool ultrasonic vibration(TV),mold ultrasonic vibration(MV)and compound ultrasonic vibration(CV).The region of grain deformation was shifted along the direction of UV,and the MV promoted the uniform distribution of deformation stress.The grain refinement,fiber streamline density,grain deformation and rotation degree were further enhanced under CV,due to the synergistic effect of TV and MV.Additionally,a coupled theoretical model considering both acoustic softening effect and size effect was proposed for describing the mechanical properties.And a physical model of dislocation motion in different UV modes was developed for describing the microstructure evolution.The maximum error between the theoretical and experimental results was only 2.39%.This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of UV assisted micro-forming process.
基金Supported by Riset Unggulan of Institut Teknologi Bandung,No.125/IT1.B07.1/SPP-DRI/Ⅲ/2025.
文摘Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB)are lifelong,often accompanied by side effects and the risk of drug resistance,highlighting the urgent need for alternative therapies such as therapeutic vaccines.However,challenges such as selecting appropriate antigens and addressing multiple hepatitis B virus(HBV)genotypes hinder the development of these vaccines.One approach to overcoming these challenges is reverse vaccinology(RV)combined with immunoinformatics.RV uses computational methods to identify antigens from pathogen genetic information,including genomic and proteomic data.These methods have helped researchers identify conserved epitopes across bacterial strains or viral species,including multiple HBV genotypes.Computational tools,such as epitope mapping algorithms,molecular docking analysis,molecular dynamics simulations,and immune response simulations,enable key epitope identification,predict vaccine candidates'binding potential to immune cell receptors,and forecast the immune response.Together,these approaches streamline therapeutic vaccine design for CHB,making it faster,more cost-effective,and accurate.This review aims to explore the potential role of RV and immunoinformatics in advancing therapeutic vaccine design for CHB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470122)Heye Health Technology Chong Ming Project(HYCMP-2023006)。
文摘Static magnetic field(SMF)exposure exerts notable regulatory effects on metabolic disorders,yet its influence on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and gut microbiota during disease progression remains unclear.In this study,MAFLD was induced in mice via a high-fat diet(HFD),followed by exposure to a 0.2 T SMF for 12 h per day over a 10 week period.SMF treatment significantly attenuated body weight gain,alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation,and improved liver function.Sequencing analysis of intestinal contents revealed a significant increase in microbial diversity and enrichment of beneficial bacterial taxa under SMF exposure.Integrated multi-omics analysis and Spearman correlation further demonstrated that SMF significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and modulated pathways related to polyunsaturated fatty acid and glutamate metabolism,in close association with shifts in beneficial gut microbiota.Furthermore,transcriptomic profiling of liver tissue indicated that SMF inhibited fatty acid synthesis and elongation by regulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ),thereby contributing to reduced hepatic burden.These findings highlight SMF as a promising non-invasive strategy for MAFLD intervention and provide insights into the microbiota-mediated metabolic axis underlying its therapeutic effects.
基金Y.Zhan acknowledges funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0137400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62274040)+5 种基金A.Yu acknowledges funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62304046)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2802802)the Key Laboratory of Rare Earths,Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of SciencesX.Zhang acknowledges funding from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20230463)X.Li acknowledges funding from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20230461)We also acknowledge support from the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan 2023 Special Project for Supporting Carbon Peak Carbon Neutrality Project(23DZ1200400).
文摘The NiOx,due to its excellent semiconductor properties,ease of large-area deposition,and tunable optoelectronic characteristics,shows great potential in industrial large-area perovskite technologies.However,NiO_(x)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are limited by interfacial photocatalytic chemical reactions and energy level mismatch.Thus,phosphate-based self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)have been widely developed for delicate interfacial modification;however,they suffer from severe issues such as self-aggregation and high cost.Herein,a low-cost carboxylate-based SAM(pyrenebutyric acid,PyBA)was used to modify NiO_(x),achieving an improved surface chemical environment and interfacial properties,such as an increased Ni^(3+)/Ni2^(+)ratio,a reduced proportion of high-valence Ni^(≥3+),and better-aligned hole transport interface energy level.The introduction of PyBA also results in larger grain size,higher uniformity,and enhanced photoluminescence(PL)from the bottom of the perovskite,yielding a significant increase in efficiency from an initial 22.48%to 25.14%,while increasing the open-circuit voltage(VOC)from 1.077 to 1.192 V.Additionally,a perovskite module with an aperture area of 21 cm^(2)achieved an efficiency of 22.28%,demonstrating the excellent scalability of the PyBA treatment.Moreover,the well-modified buried interface combined with the chemical inertness and structural rigidity of pyrene ensures excellent ultraviolet(UV)stability(the target module maintained 92%of the initial efficiency after 200 h and the control device only retained 40%).
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974358)。
文摘State-selective single-and double-electron capture processes in collisions of S^(5+)ions with helium at energies ranging from 50.8 keV to 100 keV were investigated using cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy(COLTRIMS).Q-value spectra and projectile scattering angle distributions were obtained.For single-electron capture,single electron capture into n=3 states of the projectile ion is dominant.As the projectile energy increases,the contribution of single electron capture into n=4 states is observed.Experimental relative cross-sections for single-electron capture into different projectile final states were compared with theoretical predictions based on the molecular orbital close-coupling(MOCC)method.In double-electron capture,two-electron populating into the 3s^(2)3p and 3s3p^(2)states of projectile dominates.The reaction window calculated from the classical molecular Coulombic barrier model can qualitatively explain the experimental results.The scattering angle distribution of the multi-peak structure of the double-electron capture process is observed.The database is openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00233.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0137400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62274040).
文摘The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied cations and anions are introduced into perovskite to suppress ion migration,the impact of cations or anions is not individually explored,which hinders the evaluation of different cations and further application of doping strategy.Here we report that a special group of sulfonic anions(like CF_(3)SO_(3)^(-))successfully introduce alkaline earth ions(like Ca^(2+))into perovskite lattice compared to its halide counterparts.Furthermore,with effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation of sulfonic anions,perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)shows reduced PbI2 residue and metallic Pb0 defects;thereby,corresponding PSCs show an enhanced PCE of 24.95%.Finally by comparing the properties of perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)and FACF_(3)SO_(3),we found that doped Ca^(2+)significantly suppressed halide migration with an activation energy of 1.246 eV which accounts for the improved operational stability of Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2-)doped PSCs,while no obvious impact of Ca^(2+)on trap density is observed.Combining the benefits of cations and anions,this study presents an effective method to decouple the effects of cations and anions and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.
