China has entered the era of post-poverty alleviation,which effectively links poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization strategies.In the era of post-poverty alleviation,in order to effectively promot...China has entered the era of post-poverty alleviation,which effectively links poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization strategies.In the era of post-poverty alleviation,in order to effectively promote the sustainable development of poor rural areas,local colleges and universities should actively nurture the self-development skills of the needy.Local colleges and universities should guide the transformation of ideas and concepts,scientifically optimize the allocation of poverty alleviation resources,improve the interest linkage mechanism between colleges and universities,strengthen the investigation and analysis of poverty alleviation projects,improve the convergence of assistance and practice,actively create a good spiritual and cultural environment,uphold the mission of helping cadres,attach importance to the support for the development of characteristic industries,and lastly,promote the convergence of rural revitalization strategies.展开更多
Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)launched its first issue in September 2022 as a quarterly journal.So far,it has published 106 articles with nine issues and online early view.The volume of received manusc...Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)launched its first issue in September 2022 as a quarterly journal.So far,it has published 106 articles with nine issues and online early view.The volume of received manuscripts increases by 50%each year and over 200 manuscripts were received by 28th of November 2024.In the early period,DUSE authorship came from five countries and now reaches 29 countries.DUSE articles have been downloaded over 97000 times by readers from 170 countries/regions.It is indeed encouraging to note that DUSE has been admitted to different indices,including ESCI(August 2024),EI(March 2024),Scopus(July 2023),and DOAJ(May 2023).Its CiteScore in Scopus was 2.2 in 2023 and increased to 5.1 at the mid-November 2024.Its first impact factor from the Web of Science will be available in 2025.DUSE is growing to be a rapidly recognized international journal by readers in deep underground research and practice.展开更多
The uncertainty and destructiveness of major emergencies have resulted in China attaching unprecedented importance to emergency management.Ineffective response to emergencies also exposes the shortage of emergency man...The uncertainty and destructiveness of major emergencies have resulted in China attaching unprecedented importance to emergency management.Ineffective response to emergencies also exposes the shortage of emergency management personnel and professionals,highlighting the necessity and urgency of emergency science education.Based on the actual needs of the state and society for emergency disciplines,this paper analyzes the logical possibilities of the emergency science and engineering discipline system design and gives a design framework.The study also puts forth measures to support implementation,such as conducting interdisciplinary pilot research and exploring the school's tradition of emergency science education.Including emergency science and engineering disciplines in interdisciplinary disciplines is conducive to enhancing resource investment,condensing academic consensus,accurately cultivating emergency personnel,achieving emergency technology breakthroughs,and providing a reference for the development of emergency science education in China.展开更多
High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by t...High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.展开更多
Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption,ultimately resulting in implant failure.Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial pr...Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption,ultimately resulting in implant failure.Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties,and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis.Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque.However,it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment.Therefore,the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants,such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture,the introduction of diverse functional coatings,or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties.The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules,metallic nanoparticles,or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process.In this review,we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration.Furthermore,we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products,and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives,so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy,biological safety,and osteogenic property.展开更多
Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orien...Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation,rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology.This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises.Furthermore,it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering.Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering.Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research,and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies,this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering.The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China’s national strategies.展开更多
The Intelligent Internet of Things(IIoT)involves real-world things that communicate or interact with each other through networking technologies by collecting data from these“things”and using intelligent approaches,s...The Intelligent Internet of Things(IIoT)involves real-world things that communicate or interact with each other through networking technologies by collecting data from these“things”and using intelligent approaches,such as Artificial Intelligence(AI)and machine learning,to make accurate decisions.Data science is the science of dealing with data and its relationships through intelligent approaches.Most state-of-the-art research focuses independently on either data science or IIoT,rather than exploring their integration.Therefore,to address the gap,this article provides a comprehensive survey on the advances and integration of data science with the Intelligent IoT(IIoT)system by classifying the existing IoT-based data science techniques and presenting a summary of various characteristics.The paper analyzes the data science or big data security and privacy features,including network architecture,data protection,and continuous monitoring of data,which face challenges in various IoT-based systems.Extensive insights into IoT data security,privacy,and challenges are visualized in the context of data science for IoT.In addition,this study reveals the current opportunities to enhance data science and IoT market development.The current gap and challenges faced in the integration of data science and IoT are comprehensively presented,followed by the future outlook and possible solutions.展开更多
Titanium(Ti)and its alloys are frequently utilized as critical components in a variety of engineering ap-plications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance.Compared to conven-tional ...Titanium(Ti)and its alloys are frequently utilized as critical components in a variety of engineering ap-plications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance.Compared to conven-tional surface strengthening technologies,laser shock peening(LSP)has increasingly attracted attention from researchers and industries,since it significantly improves the surface strength,biocompatibility,fa-tigue resistance,and anti-corrosion ability of Ti and its alloys.Despite numerous studies that have been carried out to elucidate the effects of LSP on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti and its alloys in recent years,a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of Ti and its alloys subjected to LSP is still lacking.In this review,the standard LSP and the novel process designs of LSP assisted by thermal,cryogenic,electropulsing and magnetic fields are discussed and compared.Microstructural evolution,with focuses on the dislocation dynamics,deformation twinning,grain refine-ment and surface amorphization,during LSP processing of Ti alloys is reviewed.Furthermore,the en-hanced engineering performance of the L SP-processed(L SPed)Ti alloys,including surface hardness,wear resistance,fatigue life and corrosion resistance are summarized.Finally,this review concludes by present-ing an overview of the current challenges encountered in this field and offering insights into anticipated future trends.展开更多
The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire ...The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire process.To achieve the efficient selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA,a series of NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalysts with different morphologies,such as flaky,echinoids,pompon and corolla,were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,and FTIR.Among the four catalysts,flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)exhibited the most excellent catalytic activity and stability,with a FDCA yield of 60.1%within 12 h at 80℃without alkali participation.The excellent performance of flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalyst is attributed to the oxygen vacancies and acid sites generated by the exposed(400)facets.The oxygen vacancies and acid sites on the catalyst surface can precisely adsorb-CHO and-CH_(2)-OH of HMF,respectively,and this synergistic effect promotes the efficient production of FDCA.This work is of great significance for fundamentally study the effect of micro-topography or crystal-plane reaction properties on surfaces.展开更多
Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate...Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate prediction,natural resource exploration,and sustainable planetary stewardship.To advance Deep-time Earth research in the era of big data and artificial intelligence,the International Union of Geological Sciences initiated the“Deeptime Digital Earth International Big Science Program”(DDE)in 2019.At the core of this ambitious program lies the development of geoscience knowledge graphs,serving as a transformative knowledge infrastructure that enables the integration,sharing,mining,and analysis of heterogeneous geoscience big data.The DDE knowledge graph initiative has made significant strides in three critical dimensions:(1)establishing a unified knowledge structure across geoscience disciplines that ensures consistent representation of geological entities and their interrelationships through standardized ontologies and semantic frameworks;(2)developing a robust and scalable software infrastructure capable of supporting both expert-driven and machine-assisted knowledge engineering for large-scale graph construction and management;(3)implementing a comprehensive three-tiered architecture encompassing basic,discipline-specific,and application-oriented knowledge graphs,spanning approximately 20 geoscience disciplines.Through its open knowledge framework and international collaborative network,this initiative has fostered multinational research collaborations,establishing a robust foundation for next-generation geoscience research while propelling the discipline toward FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data practices in deep-time Earth systems research.展开更多
Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across t...Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.展开更多
Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)-Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3) (PZT-PZN) based ceramics, as important piezoelectric materials, have a wide range of applications in fields such as sensors and actuators, thus the optimization of their piezoe...Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)-Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3) (PZT-PZN) based ceramics, as important piezoelectric materials, have a wide range of applications in fields such as sensors and actuators, thus the optimization of their piezoelectric properties has been a hot research topic. This study investigated the effects of phase boundary engineering and domain engineering on (1-x)[0.8Pb(Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_(3)-0.2Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)]-xBi(Zn_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_(3) ((1-x)(0.8PZT-0.2PZN)- xBZT) ceramic to obtain excellent piezoelectric properties. The crystal phase structure and microstructure of ceramic samples were characterized. The results showed that all samples had a pure perovskite structure, and the addition of BZT gradually increased the grain size. The addition of BZT caused a phase transition in ceramic samples from the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) towards the tetragonal phase region, which is crucial for optimizing piezoelectric properties. By adjusting content of BZT and precisely controlling position of the phase boundary, the piezoelectric performance can be optimized. Domain structure is one of the key factors affecting piezoelectric performance. By using domain engineering techniques to optimize grain size and domain size, piezoelectric properties of ceramic samples have been significantly improved. Specifically, excellent piezoelectric properties (piezoelectric constant d_(33)=320 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor kp=0.44) were obtained simultaneously for x=0.08. Based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, influence mechanisms of phase boundary engineering and domain engineering on piezoelectric properties were explored. The study shows that addition of BZT not only promotes grain growth, but also optimizes the domain structure, enabling the polarization reversal process easier, thereby improving piezoelectric properties. These research results not only provide new ideas for the design of high-performance piezoelectric ceramics, but also lay a theoretical foundation for development of related electronic devices.展开更多
Solid-state lithium batteries have become a research hotspot in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent safety performance.The development of high-voltage positive electrode materials matched wi...Solid-state lithium batteries have become a research hotspot in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent safety performance.The development of high-voltage positive electrode materials matched with lithium metal anode have advanced the energy density of solid-state lithium batteries close to or even exceeding that of lithium batteries based on a liquid electrolyte,which is expected to be commercialized in the future.However,in high voltage conditions(>4.3 V),the decomposition of electrolyte components,structural degradation,and interface side reactions significantly reduce battery performance and hinder its further development.This review summarizes the latest research progress of inorganic electrolytes,polymer electrolytes,and composite electrolytes in high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries.At the same time,the designs of high-voltage polymer gel electrolyte and high-voltage quasi solid-state electrolyte are introduced in detail.In addition,interface engineering is crucial for improving the overall performance of high-voltage solid-state batteries.Finally,we highlight the challenges faced by high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries and put forward our own views on future research directions.This review offers instructive insights into the advancement of high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.展开更多
The proliferation of advanced electronics and devices has led to significant electromagnetic interference and pollution,resulting in heightened interest in electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials in recen...The proliferation of advanced electronics and devices has led to significant electromagnetic interference and pollution,resulting in heightened interest in electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials in recent years.Carbon foam,as a typical porous carbonaceous material,demonstrates significant potential as an innovative EMI shielding material owing to its lightweight nature,exceptional porosity,flexibility,favorable processability,and environmental sustainability.Nonetheless,the configuration of carbon atoms within the carbon foam is significantly disordered,leading to its intrinsic conductivity being comparatively low.Consequently,its shielding efficacy cannot meet the standards required for commercial EMI materials.Herein,we propose a hierarchical engineering strategy to construct a carbon foam composite with high shielding efficacy.Specifically,the FeCo nanoparticles and carbon layer are concurrently integrated into the carbon foam matrix to modulate its magnetic characteristics and conductivity.The results demonstrate that the carbon-coated FeCo/carbon foam composite achieves a shielding effectiveness(SE)of 24 dB in the X-band,signifying a 240% improvement compared to the pristine carbon foam.Simultaneously,the composite also exhibits superior multifunctionalities involving flexibility,Joule heating,and hydrophobicity.This study provides a facile and effective routine to regulate the shielding efficacy of EMI shielding materials.展开更多
The authors apologize for the erroneous transcription of the average chemical composition data of Apollo lunar soil samples in Table 4.The difference in chemical composition between lunar regolith simulants and actual...The authors apologize for the erroneous transcription of the average chemical composition data of Apollo lunar soil samples in Table 4.The difference in chemical composition between lunar regolith simulants and actual lunar samples is an important indicator for evaluating their similarity.For comparison,Table 4 lists the chemical compositions of Apollo 12,Apollo 14,Apollo 15,Apollo 16,and other classic lunar regolith simulants.However,the Apollo lunar soil data in the original Table 4 contained errors,which have been corrected in this corrigendum.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a multi-amyloidosis disease characterized by amyloid-βdeposits in brain blood vessels,microaneurysms,and senile plaques.How amyloid-βdeposition affects axon pathology has not been examined ex...Alzheimer’s disease is a multi-amyloidosis disease characterized by amyloid-βdeposits in brain blood vessels,microaneurysms,and senile plaques.How amyloid-βdeposition affects axon pathology has not been examined extensively.We used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining to analyze the forebrain tissue slices of Alzheimer’s disease patients.Widespread axonal amyloidosis with distinctive axonal enlargement was observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.On average,amyloid-β-positive axon diameters in Alzheimer’s disease brains were 1.72 times those of control brain axons.Furthermore,axonal amyloidosis was associated with microtubule-associated protein 2 reduction,tau phosphorylation,lysosome destabilization,and several blood-related markers,such as apolipoprotein E,alpha-hemoglobin,glycosylated hemoglobin type A1C,and hemin.Lysosome destabilization in Alzheimer’s disease was also clearly identified in the neuronal soma,where it was associated with the co-expression of amyloid-β,Cathepsin D,alpha-hemoglobin,actin alpha 2,and collagen type IV.This suggests that exogenous hemorrhagic protein intake influences neural lysosome stability.Additionally,the data showed that amyloid-β-containing lysosomes were 2.23 times larger than control lysosomes.Furthermore,under rare conditions,axonal breakages were observed,which likely resulted in Wallerian degeneration.In summary,axonal enlargement associated with amyloidosis,micro-bleeding,and lysosome destabilization is a major defect in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.This finding suggests that,in addition to the well-documented neural soma and synaptic damage,axonal damage is a key component of neuronal defects in Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
The burgeoning growth in electric vehicles and portable energy storage systems necessitates advances in the energy density and cost-effectiveness of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),areas where lithium-rich manganese-based...The burgeoning growth in electric vehicles and portable energy storage systems necessitates advances in the energy density and cost-effectiveness of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),areas where lithium-rich manganese-based oxide(LLO)materials naturally stand out.Despite their inherent advantages,these materials encounter significant practical hurdles,including low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE),diminished cycle/rate performance,and voltage fading during cycling,hindering their widespread adoption.In response,we introduce an ionic-electronic dual-conductive(IEDC)surface control strategy that integrates an electronically conductive graphene framework with an ionically conductive heteroepitaxial spinel Li_(4)Mn_(5)O_(12)layer.Prolonged electrochemical and structural analyses demonstrate that this IEDC heterostructure effectively minimizes polarization,mitigates structural distortion,and enhances electronic/ionic diffusion.Density functional theory calculations highlight an extensive Li^(+)percolation network and lower Li^(+)migration energies at the layered-spinel interface.The designed LLO cathode with IEDC interface engineering(LMOSG)exhibits improved ICE(82.9%at 0.1 C),elevated initial discharge capacity(296.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C),exceptional rate capability(176.5 mAh g^(-1)at 5 C),and outstanding cycle stability(73.7%retention at 5 C after 500 cycles).These findings and the novel dual-conductive surface architecture design offer promising directions for advancing highperformance electrode materials.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis represents an advanced on-site production method with significant potential for on-demand supply.However,various challenges hinder the efficiency of H_(2)O_(2) yield,includi...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis represents an advanced on-site production method with significant potential for on-demand supply.However,various challenges hinder the efficiency of H_(2)O_(2) yield,including weak oxygen adsorption capacity,reliance on sacrificial agents,low charge separation and transfer efficiency.In this regard,doping design and defect engineering have emerged as robust and effective strategies for catalyst modification,particularly through their synergistic effects.Additionally,advanced in situ characterization techniques for investigating reaction mechanisms are gaining momentum.Herein,this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals and challenges associated with photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production,and highlights the advantages of doping and defect engineering.Subsequently,it outlines preparation methods and applications of these strategies.More importantly,it emphasizes the advanced characterization techniques utilized to validate doping and defects,as well as to investigate underlying mechanisms.Finally,the potential prospects and challenges of this reaction are anticipated.This review aims to offer valuable insights for researchers from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.展开更多
The rapid surge in global energy consumption stems from escalating electricity demand and sustained economic growth.This underscores the urgent need for efficient,environmentally benign energy storage and conversion t...The rapid surge in global energy consumption stems from escalating electricity demand and sustained economic growth.This underscores the urgent need for efficient,environmentally benign energy storage and conversion technologies.Among various earth-abundant metal-based batteries,magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)have garnered increasing attention as promising candidates for next-generation green energy systems.展开更多
The development of dual functional material for cyclic CO_(2)capture and hydrogenation is of great significance for converting diluted CO_(2)into valuable fuels,but suffers from kinetic limitation and deactivation of ...The development of dual functional material for cyclic CO_(2)capture and hydrogenation is of great significance for converting diluted CO_(2)into valuable fuels,but suffers from kinetic limitation and deactivation of adsorbent and catalyst.Herein,we engineered a series of RuNa/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)materials,varying the size of ruthenium from single atoms to clusters/nanoparticles.The coordination environment and structure sensitivity of ruthenium were quantitatively investigated at atomic scale.Our findings reveal that the reduced Ru nanoparticles,approximately 7.1 nm in diameter with a Ru-Ru coordination number of 5.9,exhibit high methane formation activity and selectivity at 340°C.The Ru-Na interfacial sites facilitate CO_(2)migration through a deoxygenation pathway,involving carbonate dissociation,carbonyl formation,and hydrogenation.In-situ experiments and theoretical calculations show that stable carbonyl intermediates on metallic Ru nanoparticles facilitate heterolytic C–O scission and C–H bonding,significantly lowering the energy barrier for activating stored CO_(2).展开更多
基金The Innovation Fund of Postgraduate,Sichuan University of Science&Engineering(Grant Number:y2020102)。
文摘China has entered the era of post-poverty alleviation,which effectively links poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization strategies.In the era of post-poverty alleviation,in order to effectively promote the sustainable development of poor rural areas,local colleges and universities should actively nurture the self-development skills of the needy.Local colleges and universities should guide the transformation of ideas and concepts,scientifically optimize the allocation of poverty alleviation resources,improve the interest linkage mechanism between colleges and universities,strengthen the investigation and analysis of poverty alleviation projects,improve the convergence of assistance and practice,actively create a good spiritual and cultural environment,uphold the mission of helping cadres,attach importance to the support for the development of characteristic industries,and lastly,promote the convergence of rural revitalization strategies.
文摘Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)launched its first issue in September 2022 as a quarterly journal.So far,it has published 106 articles with nine issues and online early view.The volume of received manuscripts increases by 50%each year and over 200 manuscripts were received by 28th of November 2024.In the early period,DUSE authorship came from five countries and now reaches 29 countries.DUSE articles have been downloaded over 97000 times by readers from 170 countries/regions.It is indeed encouraging to note that DUSE has been admitted to different indices,including ESCI(August 2024),EI(March 2024),Scopus(July 2023),and DOAJ(May 2023).Its CiteScore in Scopus was 2.2 in 2023 and increased to 5.1 at the mid-November 2024.Its first impact factor from the Web of Science will be available in 2025.DUSE is growing to be a rapidly recognized international journal by readers in deep underground research and practice.
基金supported by the School of Emergency Management and the Emergency Science and Engineering Research Centre of Henan Polytechnic University(Jiaozuo,China).
文摘The uncertainty and destructiveness of major emergencies have resulted in China attaching unprecedented importance to emergency management.Ineffective response to emergencies also exposes the shortage of emergency management personnel and professionals,highlighting the necessity and urgency of emergency science education.Based on the actual needs of the state and society for emergency disciplines,this paper analyzes the logical possibilities of the emergency science and engineering discipline system design and gives a design framework.The study also puts forth measures to support implementation,such as conducting interdisciplinary pilot research and exploring the school's tradition of emergency science education.Including emergency science and engineering disciplines in interdisciplinary disciplines is conducive to enhancing resource investment,condensing academic consensus,accurately cultivating emergency personnel,achieving emergency technology breakthroughs,and providing a reference for the development of emergency science education in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52474397)the High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.242017127)+1 种基金the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB),Nos.FRF-TP-2021-04C1 and 06500135)supported by USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2412600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52271243,52171233,82370924,82170929)+3 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L212014)the Beijing Nova Program(20230484459)the National Clinical Key Discipline Construction Project(PKUSSNKP-T202103)the Research Foundation of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology(PKSS20230104).
文摘Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption,ultimately resulting in implant failure.Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties,and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis.Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque.However,it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment.Therefore,the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants,such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture,the introduction of diverse functional coatings,or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties.The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules,metallic nanoparticles,or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process.In this review,we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration.Furthermore,we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products,and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives,so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy,biological safety,and osteogenic property.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42293270)。
文摘Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation,rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology.This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises.Furthermore,it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering.Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering.Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research,and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies,this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering.The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China’s national strategies.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62371181in part by the Changzhou Science and Technology International Cooperation Program under Grant CZ20230029+1 种基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2021R1A2B5B02087169)supported under the framework of international cooperation program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea(2022K2A9A1A01098051)。
文摘The Intelligent Internet of Things(IIoT)involves real-world things that communicate or interact with each other through networking technologies by collecting data from these“things”and using intelligent approaches,such as Artificial Intelligence(AI)and machine learning,to make accurate decisions.Data science is the science of dealing with data and its relationships through intelligent approaches.Most state-of-the-art research focuses independently on either data science or IIoT,rather than exploring their integration.Therefore,to address the gap,this article provides a comprehensive survey on the advances and integration of data science with the Intelligent IoT(IIoT)system by classifying the existing IoT-based data science techniques and presenting a summary of various characteristics.The paper analyzes the data science or big data security and privacy features,including network architecture,data protection,and continuous monitoring of data,which face challenges in various IoT-based systems.Extensive insights into IoT data security,privacy,and challenges are visualized in the context of data science for IoT.In addition,this study reveals the current opportunities to enhance data science and IoT market development.The current gap and challenges faced in the integration of data science and IoT are comprehensively presented,followed by the future outlook and possible solutions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan of China(No.2022YFB3705603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52101046)+1 种基金the Excellent Youth Overseas Project of National Science and Natural Foundation of China,the Baowu Special Metallurgy Cooperation Limited(No.22H010101336)the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2022QN076).
文摘Titanium(Ti)and its alloys are frequently utilized as critical components in a variety of engineering ap-plications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance.Compared to conven-tional surface strengthening technologies,laser shock peening(LSP)has increasingly attracted attention from researchers and industries,since it significantly improves the surface strength,biocompatibility,fa-tigue resistance,and anti-corrosion ability of Ti and its alloys.Despite numerous studies that have been carried out to elucidate the effects of LSP on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti and its alloys in recent years,a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of Ti and its alloys subjected to LSP is still lacking.In this review,the standard LSP and the novel process designs of LSP assisted by thermal,cryogenic,electropulsing and magnetic fields are discussed and compared.Microstructural evolution,with focuses on the dislocation dynamics,deformation twinning,grain refine-ment and surface amorphization,during LSP processing of Ti alloys is reviewed.Furthermore,the en-hanced engineering performance of the L SP-processed(L SPed)Ti alloys,including surface hardness,wear resistance,fatigue life and corrosion resistance are summarized.Finally,this review concludes by present-ing an overview of the current challenges encountered in this field and offering insights into anticipated future trends.
基金supported by the Swedish Energy Agency(P47500-1)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710200)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378401 and U22A20416)the financial support from STINT(CH2019-8287)financial support from the European Union and Swedish Energy Agency(P2020-90066).
文摘The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire process.To achieve the efficient selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA,a series of NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalysts with different morphologies,such as flaky,echinoids,pompon and corolla,were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,and FTIR.Among the four catalysts,flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)exhibited the most excellent catalytic activity and stability,with a FDCA yield of 60.1%within 12 h at 80℃without alkali participation.The excellent performance of flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalyst is attributed to the oxygen vacancies and acid sites generated by the exposed(400)facets.The oxygen vacancies and acid sites on the catalyst surface can precisely adsorb-CHO and-CH_(2)-OH of HMF,respectively,and this synergistic effect promotes the efficient production of FDCA.This work is of great significance for fundamentally study the effect of micro-topography or crystal-plane reaction properties on surfaces.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB0740000National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFB3904200,No.2022YFF0711601+1 种基金Key Project of Innovation LREIS,No.PI009National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471503。
文摘Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate prediction,natural resource exploration,and sustainable planetary stewardship.To advance Deep-time Earth research in the era of big data and artificial intelligence,the International Union of Geological Sciences initiated the“Deeptime Digital Earth International Big Science Program”(DDE)in 2019.At the core of this ambitious program lies the development of geoscience knowledge graphs,serving as a transformative knowledge infrastructure that enables the integration,sharing,mining,and analysis of heterogeneous geoscience big data.The DDE knowledge graph initiative has made significant strides in three critical dimensions:(1)establishing a unified knowledge structure across geoscience disciplines that ensures consistent representation of geological entities and their interrelationships through standardized ontologies and semantic frameworks;(2)developing a robust and scalable software infrastructure capable of supporting both expert-driven and machine-assisted knowledge engineering for large-scale graph construction and management;(3)implementing a comprehensive three-tiered architecture encompassing basic,discipline-specific,and application-oriented knowledge graphs,spanning approximately 20 geoscience disciplines.Through its open knowledge framework and international collaborative network,this initiative has fostered multinational research collaborations,establishing a robust foundation for next-generation geoscience research while propelling the discipline toward FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data practices in deep-time Earth systems research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100400,2023YFE0104900)Xinjiang Agriculture Research System-Oil Crop Research System,China(XJARS-05)+3 种基金Taishan Industrial Experts Programme,China(tscx202306075)the Scientific and Technological Assistance Projects to Developing Countries,China(KY202201003)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-IFST)The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Arawana Charity Foundation,China.
文摘Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52202139, 52072178)。
文摘Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)-Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3) (PZT-PZN) based ceramics, as important piezoelectric materials, have a wide range of applications in fields such as sensors and actuators, thus the optimization of their piezoelectric properties has been a hot research topic. This study investigated the effects of phase boundary engineering and domain engineering on (1-x)[0.8Pb(Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_(3)-0.2Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)]-xBi(Zn_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_(3) ((1-x)(0.8PZT-0.2PZN)- xBZT) ceramic to obtain excellent piezoelectric properties. The crystal phase structure and microstructure of ceramic samples were characterized. The results showed that all samples had a pure perovskite structure, and the addition of BZT gradually increased the grain size. The addition of BZT caused a phase transition in ceramic samples from the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) towards the tetragonal phase region, which is crucial for optimizing piezoelectric properties. By adjusting content of BZT and precisely controlling position of the phase boundary, the piezoelectric performance can be optimized. Domain structure is one of the key factors affecting piezoelectric performance. By using domain engineering techniques to optimize grain size and domain size, piezoelectric properties of ceramic samples have been significantly improved. Specifically, excellent piezoelectric properties (piezoelectric constant d_(33)=320 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor kp=0.44) were obtained simultaneously for x=0.08. Based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, influence mechanisms of phase boundary engineering and domain engineering on piezoelectric properties were explored. The study shows that addition of BZT not only promotes grain growth, but also optimizes the domain structure, enabling the polarization reversal process easier, thereby improving piezoelectric properties. These research results not only provide new ideas for the design of high-performance piezoelectric ceramics, but also lay a theoretical foundation for development of related electronic devices.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFA1211100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52301278,22479080,52202254,92372001,22393900,and 92372203)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230937,BK20220966)the Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin(23JCYBJC00170,24JCJQJC00220,and 24ZXZSSS00390)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(02063253167,30922010708)。
文摘Solid-state lithium batteries have become a research hotspot in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent safety performance.The development of high-voltage positive electrode materials matched with lithium metal anode have advanced the energy density of solid-state lithium batteries close to or even exceeding that of lithium batteries based on a liquid electrolyte,which is expected to be commercialized in the future.However,in high voltage conditions(>4.3 V),the decomposition of electrolyte components,structural degradation,and interface side reactions significantly reduce battery performance and hinder its further development.This review summarizes the latest research progress of inorganic electrolytes,polymer electrolytes,and composite electrolytes in high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries.At the same time,the designs of high-voltage polymer gel electrolyte and high-voltage quasi solid-state electrolyte are introduced in detail.In addition,interface engineering is crucial for improving the overall performance of high-voltage solid-state batteries.Finally,we highlight the challenges faced by high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries and put forward our own views on future research directions.This review offers instructive insights into the advancement of high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.
基金the financial support from the project funded by the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(No.23JP116)the Natural Science Fund of Shaanxi Province(No.2024JC-YBMS-396)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171191 and 52371198)the Constructing National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zones(XM2024XTGXQ05).
文摘The proliferation of advanced electronics and devices has led to significant electromagnetic interference and pollution,resulting in heightened interest in electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials in recent years.Carbon foam,as a typical porous carbonaceous material,demonstrates significant potential as an innovative EMI shielding material owing to its lightweight nature,exceptional porosity,flexibility,favorable processability,and environmental sustainability.Nonetheless,the configuration of carbon atoms within the carbon foam is significantly disordered,leading to its intrinsic conductivity being comparatively low.Consequently,its shielding efficacy cannot meet the standards required for commercial EMI materials.Herein,we propose a hierarchical engineering strategy to construct a carbon foam composite with high shielding efficacy.Specifically,the FeCo nanoparticles and carbon layer are concurrently integrated into the carbon foam matrix to modulate its magnetic characteristics and conductivity.The results demonstrate that the carbon-coated FeCo/carbon foam composite achieves a shielding effectiveness(SE)of 24 dB in the X-band,signifying a 240% improvement compared to the pristine carbon foam.Simultaneously,the composite also exhibits superior multifunctionalities involving flexibility,Joule heating,and hydrophobicity.This study provides a facile and effective routine to regulate the shielding efficacy of EMI shielding materials.
文摘The authors apologize for the erroneous transcription of the average chemical composition data of Apollo lunar soil samples in Table 4.The difference in chemical composition between lunar regolith simulants and actual lunar samples is an important indicator for evaluating their similarity.For comparison,Table 4 lists the chemical compositions of Apollo 12,Apollo 14,Apollo 15,Apollo 16,and other classic lunar regolith simulants.However,the Apollo lunar soil data in the original Table 4 contained errors,which have been corrected in this corrigendum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81472235(to HF)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical and Engineering Project,Nos.YG2021QN53(to HF),YG2017MS71(to HF)+1 种基金the International Cooperation Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82020108017(to DC)the Innovation Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81921002(to DC).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a multi-amyloidosis disease characterized by amyloid-βdeposits in brain blood vessels,microaneurysms,and senile plaques.How amyloid-βdeposition affects axon pathology has not been examined extensively.We used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining to analyze the forebrain tissue slices of Alzheimer’s disease patients.Widespread axonal amyloidosis with distinctive axonal enlargement was observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.On average,amyloid-β-positive axon diameters in Alzheimer’s disease brains were 1.72 times those of control brain axons.Furthermore,axonal amyloidosis was associated with microtubule-associated protein 2 reduction,tau phosphorylation,lysosome destabilization,and several blood-related markers,such as apolipoprotein E,alpha-hemoglobin,glycosylated hemoglobin type A1C,and hemin.Lysosome destabilization in Alzheimer’s disease was also clearly identified in the neuronal soma,where it was associated with the co-expression of amyloid-β,Cathepsin D,alpha-hemoglobin,actin alpha 2,and collagen type IV.This suggests that exogenous hemorrhagic protein intake influences neural lysosome stability.Additionally,the data showed that amyloid-β-containing lysosomes were 2.23 times larger than control lysosomes.Furthermore,under rare conditions,axonal breakages were observed,which likely resulted in Wallerian degeneration.In summary,axonal enlargement associated with amyloidosis,micro-bleeding,and lysosome destabilization is a major defect in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.This finding suggests that,in addition to the well-documented neural soma and synaptic damage,axonal damage is a key component of neuronal defects in Alzheimer’s disease.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22179008,21875022Yibin“Jie Bang Gua Shuai”,Grant/Award Number:2022JB004+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program,Grant/Award Number:20230484241Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF,Grant/Award Number:GZB20230931Special Support of Chongqing Postdoctoral Research Project,Grant/Award Number:2023CQBSHTB2041。
文摘The burgeoning growth in electric vehicles and portable energy storage systems necessitates advances in the energy density and cost-effectiveness of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),areas where lithium-rich manganese-based oxide(LLO)materials naturally stand out.Despite their inherent advantages,these materials encounter significant practical hurdles,including low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE),diminished cycle/rate performance,and voltage fading during cycling,hindering their widespread adoption.In response,we introduce an ionic-electronic dual-conductive(IEDC)surface control strategy that integrates an electronically conductive graphene framework with an ionically conductive heteroepitaxial spinel Li_(4)Mn_(5)O_(12)layer.Prolonged electrochemical and structural analyses demonstrate that this IEDC heterostructure effectively minimizes polarization,mitigates structural distortion,and enhances electronic/ionic diffusion.Density functional theory calculations highlight an extensive Li^(+)percolation network and lower Li^(+)migration energies at the layered-spinel interface.The designed LLO cathode with IEDC interface engineering(LMOSG)exhibits improved ICE(82.9%at 0.1 C),elevated initial discharge capacity(296.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C),exceptional rate capability(176.5 mAh g^(-1)at 5 C),and outstanding cycle stability(73.7%retention at 5 C after 500 cycles).These findings and the novel dual-conductive surface architecture design offer promising directions for advancing highperformance electrode materials.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231342,BK20210867)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22008163)+1 种基金Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(SKLPEE–KF202309)Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(21KJB150038).
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis represents an advanced on-site production method with significant potential for on-demand supply.However,various challenges hinder the efficiency of H_(2)O_(2) yield,including weak oxygen adsorption capacity,reliance on sacrificial agents,low charge separation and transfer efficiency.In this regard,doping design and defect engineering have emerged as robust and effective strategies for catalyst modification,particularly through their synergistic effects.Additionally,advanced in situ characterization techniques for investigating reaction mechanisms are gaining momentum.Herein,this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals and challenges associated with photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production,and highlights the advantages of doping and defect engineering.Subsequently,it outlines preparation methods and applications of these strategies.More importantly,it emphasizes the advanced characterization techniques utilized to validate doping and defects,as well as to investigate underlying mechanisms.Finally,the potential prospects and challenges of this reaction are anticipated.This review aims to offer valuable insights for researchers from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274347)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023CDJYXTD-002)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M763863)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy(KF24-06).
文摘The rapid surge in global energy consumption stems from escalating electricity demand and sustained economic growth.This underscores the urgent need for efficient,environmentally benign energy storage and conversion technologies.Among various earth-abundant metal-based batteries,magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)have garnered increasing attention as promising candidates for next-generation green energy systems.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0105900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306179)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2021RC4006)High Performance Computing Center of Central South University。
文摘The development of dual functional material for cyclic CO_(2)capture and hydrogenation is of great significance for converting diluted CO_(2)into valuable fuels,but suffers from kinetic limitation and deactivation of adsorbent and catalyst.Herein,we engineered a series of RuNa/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)materials,varying the size of ruthenium from single atoms to clusters/nanoparticles.The coordination environment and structure sensitivity of ruthenium were quantitatively investigated at atomic scale.Our findings reveal that the reduced Ru nanoparticles,approximately 7.1 nm in diameter with a Ru-Ru coordination number of 5.9,exhibit high methane formation activity and selectivity at 340°C.The Ru-Na interfacial sites facilitate CO_(2)migration through a deoxygenation pathway,involving carbonate dissociation,carbonyl formation,and hydrogenation.In-situ experiments and theoretical calculations show that stable carbonyl intermediates on metallic Ru nanoparticles facilitate heterolytic C–O scission and C–H bonding,significantly lowering the energy barrier for activating stored CO_(2).
