China has entered the era of post-poverty alleviation,which effectively links poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization strategies.In the era of post-poverty alleviation,in order to effectively promot...China has entered the era of post-poverty alleviation,which effectively links poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization strategies.In the era of post-poverty alleviation,in order to effectively promote the sustainable development of poor rural areas,local colleges and universities should actively nurture the self-development skills of the needy.Local colleges and universities should guide the transformation of ideas and concepts,scientifically optimize the allocation of poverty alleviation resources,improve the interest linkage mechanism between colleges and universities,strengthen the investigation and analysis of poverty alleviation projects,improve the convergence of assistance and practice,actively create a good spiritual and cultural environment,uphold the mission of helping cadres,attach importance to the support for the development of characteristic industries,and lastly,promote the convergence of rural revitalization strategies.展开更多
Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)launched its first issue in September 2022 as a quarterly journal.So far,it has published 106 articles with nine issues and online early view.The volume of received manusc...Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)launched its first issue in September 2022 as a quarterly journal.So far,it has published 106 articles with nine issues and online early view.The volume of received manuscripts increases by 50%each year and over 200 manuscripts were received by 28th of November 2024.In the early period,DUSE authorship came from five countries and now reaches 29 countries.DUSE articles have been downloaded over 97000 times by readers from 170 countries/regions.It is indeed encouraging to note that DUSE has been admitted to different indices,including ESCI(August 2024),EI(March 2024),Scopus(July 2023),and DOAJ(May 2023).Its CiteScore in Scopus was 2.2 in 2023 and increased to 5.1 at the mid-November 2024.Its first impact factor from the Web of Science will be available in 2025.DUSE is growing to be a rapidly recognized international journal by readers in deep underground research and practice.展开更多
The uncertainty and destructiveness of major emergencies have resulted in China attaching unprecedented importance to emergency management.Ineffective response to emergencies also exposes the shortage of emergency man...The uncertainty and destructiveness of major emergencies have resulted in China attaching unprecedented importance to emergency management.Ineffective response to emergencies also exposes the shortage of emergency management personnel and professionals,highlighting the necessity and urgency of emergency science education.Based on the actual needs of the state and society for emergency disciplines,this paper analyzes the logical possibilities of the emergency science and engineering discipline system design and gives a design framework.The study also puts forth measures to support implementation,such as conducting interdisciplinary pilot research and exploring the school's tradition of emergency science education.Including emergency science and engineering disciplines in interdisciplinary disciplines is conducive to enhancing resource investment,condensing academic consensus,accurately cultivating emergency personnel,achieving emergency technology breakthroughs,and providing a reference for the development of emergency science education in China.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical seawater splitting is promising for renewable hydrogen,yet severe chloride corrosion remains a roadblock.Although amorphous catalysts improve hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode activity,their defe...Photoelectrochemical seawater splitting is promising for renewable hydrogen,yet severe chloride corrosion remains a roadblock.Although amorphous catalysts improve hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode activity,their defect-enabled functionality inherently accelerates structural degradation,exacerbating chloride-induced corrosion.Here,a synergistic dual-functional nano-armor is designed by anchoring phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-))to active sites on amorphous NiMoO_(4)(a-NiMoO_(4)@PO_(4)^(3-)),achieving dual activitystability enhancement.Detailed physicochemical characterization and density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that the successful and stable anchoring of phosphate is highly dependent on the amorphous structural properties of a-NiMoO_(4).Its rich disordered coordination environment provides sufficient highly reactive sites,allowing PO_(4)^(3-)to be firmly bound through strong coordination bonds,which is the key for the dual role of PO_(4)^(3-)coordination.As a dynamic Cl-shield,PO_(4)^(3-)coordinates unsaturated Ni sites,forming an anionic layer that resists Cl-via steric-electrostatic blocking.As an electronic modulator,PO_(4)^(3-)triggers metal-to-ligand charge transfer at Ni sites,depleting electron density to optimize the intermediate adsorption of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and reduce kinetic barriers.Simultaneously,this charge redistribution induces a built-in electric field that accelerates holeselective transport.Benefiting from these dual effects,the Fe_(2)O_(3)/a-NiMoO_(4)@PO_(4)^(3-)achieves 4 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V_(RHE) with exceptional stability in seawater.This work leverages the unique coordination flexibility of amorphous structures to construct a phosphate-coordinated bifunctional nano-armor on hematite photoanodes,which simultaneously enables efficient chloride exclusion and electronic structure optimization.The synergistic mechanism,rooted in strong phosphate anchoring on amorphous carriers,establishes a new design paradigm for photoelectrochemical systems that integrate high activity with extreme environmental stability,providing an efficient pathway toward corrosion-resistant seawater splitting.展开更多
Frugal innovation stands as an imperative cog in the wheel of sustainable development.In the pursuit of simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and environmental compatibility,waste tire rubber and polyurethane-coated rubber(PU...Frugal innovation stands as an imperative cog in the wheel of sustainable development.In the pursuit of simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and environmental compatibility,waste tire rubber and polyurethane-coated rubber(PUcR)emerge as pivotal components in sustainable practices.These materials are advocated for various purposes,including protecting utility tunnels,serving as railway subgrades,and enhancing structural resilience through geotechnical seismic isolation(GSI).Their inherent characteristics,such as modest shear modulus(G)and robust damping ratio(D),make them well-suited for such endeavors,contributing to sustainability goals by repurposing substantial quantities of non-biodegradable waste.For practicality,leveraging artificial intelligence(AI)-based modern computing techniques for recycled material applications is imperative.In this regard,gene expression programming(GEP)was utilized to develop models for predicting the G and D of rubber–soil mixtures(RSMs)and polyurethane-coated RSMs(PUcRSMs).Employing laboratory testing data from 63 samples across three soil types,the newly proposed models demonstrated exceptional accuracy,with correlation coefficient(R^(2))values of 0.91 and 0.97 for G-prediction of RSM and PUcRSM,and 0.9 and 0.86 for D-prediction,respectively.Using AI-based methods,such as GEP to predict mixtures’dynamic response can cut laboratory costs and optimize mix designs,thereby advancing sustainable material applications.展开更多
Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the pri...Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the principles,applications,and future potential of infrared thermal imaging technology in the field.Key applications include measuring soil and rock properties,conducting geotechnical surveys,and monitoring geological hazards.Infrared thermal imaging technology has proven effective in detecting thermal anomalies,assessing geotechnical material characteristics,and monitoring hazards such as landslides and rockfalls.Despite its broad applications,challenges persist,including thermal interference,limitations in data processing,and complexities in technology integration.This review outlines advancements needed in algorithm optimization,integration with complementary technologies,and the expansion of applications into emerging areas such as ecological geotechnical engineering and heritage preservation.Addressing these challenges will unlock the full potential of infrared thermal imaging technology,positioning it as an essential tool for enhancing the safety,efficiency,and sustainability of geotechnical engineering practices.展开更多
Algal blooms in eutrophic water often produce microcystins,which can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and even mortality in many organisms.Therefore,the elimination of microcystins in water is an urgent issue that need...Algal blooms in eutrophic water often produce microcystins,which can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and even mortality in many organisms.Therefore,the elimination of microcystins in water is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.Herein,we develop a dual defect engineering strategy to construct graphite-like carbon nitride with N vacancies and-C≡N groups(NgCN)nanosheets for microcystin-LR(MC-LR)photodegradation.According to our theoretical calculations and actual findings,the NgCN nanosheets enhanced recyclability for the removal of MC-LR while also demonstrating outstanding photocatalytic efficacy,significantly surpassing the graphite-like carbon nitride under visible light,which is ascribed to efficient charge separation as well as narrowing the bandgap.Impressively,the water quality after photodegradation has been proven to be safe based on International Organization for Standardization(ISO)standards.This finding provides meaningful insights into understanding the relationship between defect engineering and photodegradation performance to design photocatalytic materials with higher activity for environmental remediation.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japo...This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.展开更多
Developing advanced cathode modification strategies to address the inherent high charge density of Al^(3+) is essential for achieving high-energy-density and long-cycle-life rechargeable aluminum batteries(RABs).Herei...Developing advanced cathode modification strategies to address the inherent high charge density of Al^(3+) is essential for achieving high-energy-density and long-cycle-life rechargeable aluminum batteries(RABs).Herein,we engineer tetraethylammonium(TEA)cation intercalation as a dual-function strategy that concurrently enables interlayer distance enlargement and electrostatic shielding effects,resolving Al^(3+) polarization-induced sluggish kinetics and cathode degradation in RABs.TEA intercalation triggers exceptional V2O5 interlayer expansion from 4.37 to 13.10Å,while the modulated charge distribution generates an electrostatic shielding effect that significantly weakens the Coulombic interactions between Al^(3+) and V2O5 frameworks.This dual mechanism collectively enhances ion diffusion kinetics and suppresses lattice stress accumulation.Ex situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirm that the“molecular pillar effect”of TEA enables minimal and highly reversible structural deformation of the cathode(<2.0%volume change after 200 cycles),demonstrating zero-strain aluminum-storage behavior.The optimized cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 258 mAh g^(−1) at 0.5 A g^(−1),maintains 99%capacity retention at 5.0 A g^(−1),and exhibits an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.01%per cycle over 6000 cycles.This work opens new pathways for designing stable high-performance RAB cathodes through synergistic modulation of electronic and lattice structures.展开更多
Back-contacted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been demonstrated with merits of low material cost and weak ion migration,while the inferior buried surface restricts their performance and bifacial response.Herein,poly...Back-contacted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been demonstrated with merits of low material cost and weak ion migration,while the inferior buried surface restricts their performance and bifacial response.Herein,polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with similar thermal expansion coefficient to perovskites and low tensile modulus is introduced at the substrate/crystal interface to release interface lattice strain and enhance crystallinity.Besides,PVDF can release free fluoride ions to interact with bare Pb^(2+)ions,reducing interface charge trap density and nonradiative recombination.As a result,an impressive efficiency of 13.37%is obtained,setting a new efficiency benchmark for back-contacted PSCs.Moreover,the PVDF-modified devices retain 100%of their initial efficiency after 1,200 h of maximum power point tracking at 60℃.Finally,a high bifaciality factor of 0.96 is obtained,leading to obvious increase of power output under simulated circumstance with reflected light.展开更多
1.Introduction Artificial intelligence(AI)is rapidly reshaping geoscience,from Earth observation interpretation and hazard forecasting to subsurface characterisation and Earth system modelling(Kochupillai et al.,2022;...1.Introduction Artificial intelligence(AI)is rapidly reshaping geoscience,from Earth observation interpretation and hazard forecasting to subsurface characterisation and Earth system modelling(Kochupillai et al.,2022;Sun et al.,2024).These capabilities emerge at a time when geoscientific evidence is increasingly informing high-stakes decisions about climate adaptation,resource development,and disaster risk reduction(McGovern et al.,2022).展开更多
Green ammonia,produced by harnessing renewable solar energy to split nitrogen,plays a pivotal role in both agricultural practices and forthcoming energy configurations,driving the sustainable development of human soci...Green ammonia,produced by harnessing renewable solar energy to split nitrogen,plays a pivotal role in both agricultural practices and forthcoming energy configurations,driving the sustainable development of human society with zero-carbon emissions.However,nitrogen photoreduction currently faces the challenges of poor activation ability and low yield,and it is still challenging to unravel the intertwined problems in this field and provide direction for its development due to the complex reaction mechanism and multidisciplinary aspects such as photochemistry,catalysis,interface science,and technology.This review focuses on capturing the latest advances in photocatalytic nitrogen-to-ammonia conversion,delving into fundamental principles regarding the process,efficient photocatalysts for practical ammonia synthesis,and well-designed catalytic environments.Besides,this article provides insightful guidelines for analyzing complicated reaction mechanisms and identifying key bottlenecks or specific rate-determining steps,such as reactant activation,interfacial reaction engineering,and hydrogen evolution side reactions.By integrating perspectives from atomic mechanisms,nanoscale photocatalysts,microscale interfacial engineering,and macroscale reaction system design,this review advances the development of nitrogen photoreduction from proof-of-concept discoveries to viable solar-to-chemical conversion technologies,while also providing a valuable entry point for researchers into this burgeoning field.展开更多
Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequat...Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequate mechanical robustness,self-healing,and recyclability,hindering their practical implementation.Herein,we present a high-performance azobenzene-functionalized polyurethane(AzoPU)elastomer actuator designed via molecular engineering of photoactive azobenzene moieties and dynamic disulfide bonds.AzoPU exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with retained performance after multiple reshaping cycles,enabled by well-engineered hard-soft segments and synergistic stress dissipation from weak covalent bonds/hierarchical hydrogen bonds.It achieves over 93%self-healing efficiency at room temperature owing to the synergistic interplay of disulfide bonds in the polymer backbone and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.Furthermore,it demonstrates remarkable light-triggered actuation behavior,achieving a phototropic bending angle exceeding 180°toward the light source within 45 s.To showcase its practical potential,proof-of-concept photoactuated devices with flower-,hook-,and gripper-like and local-orientation processed strip-shaped structures were fabricated,which exhibited rapid and reversible light-triggered deformation.This study proposes a novel strategy for the development of intelligent polymeric materials that integrate light responsiveness,self-healing,and recyclability,thus holding great promise for applications in flexible electronics,smart actuators,and sustainable functional materials.展开更多
Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challeng...Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challenges such as structural phase transitions,Na^(+)/vacancy ordering,and Jahn–Teller distortion effect,resulting in severe capacity decay and sluggish ion kinetics.We develop a novel Cu/Y dual-doping strategy that leads to the formation of"Na–Y"interlayer aggregates,which act as structural pillars within alkali metal layers,enhancing structural stability and disrupting the ordered arrangement of Na^(+)/vacancies.This disruption leads to a unique coexistence of ordered and disordered Na^(+)/vacancy states with near-zero strain,which significantly improves Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.This structural innovation not only mitigates the unfavorable P2–O2 phase transition but also facilitates rapid ion transport.As a result,the doped material demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,including an ultra-long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 10 C and an outstanding high-rate capability of~70 mAh g^(−1)at 50 C.The discovery of this novel interlayer pillar,along with its role in modulating Na^(+)/vacancy arrangements,provides a fresh perspective on engineering layered oxides.It opens up promising new pathways for the structural design of advanced cathode materials toward efficient,stable,and high-rate SIBs.展开更多
This study aims to prepare ternary all-solid-waste cementitious materials to completely replace ordinary Portland cement(OPC).Ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS),carbide slag(CS),sulfate solid waste phosphogyps...This study aims to prepare ternary all-solid-waste cementitious materials to completely replace ordinary Portland cement(OPC).Ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS),carbide slag(CS),sulfate solid waste phosphogypsum(PG),electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)and desulfurized gypsum(DG)were used as raw materials to prepare GGBS-PG-CS(GPC),GGBS-EMR-CS(GEC)and GGBS-DG-CS(GDC)ternary all-solid-waste cementitious materials.Macro and microscopic tests were carried out to reveal the mechanical properties and microscopic characteristics,as well as to quantitatively evaluate the environmental and economic benefits.The results show that the optimal ratios of GPC,GEC and GDC are 80:18:2,60:36:4 and 80:18:2,respectively.The corresponding 28 d-unconfined compressive strength(UCS)are 1.62,1.22 and 1.01 times that of OPC,respectively.Carbon emissions and costs per unit strength can be reduced by more than 97%and 57%,respectively.Microscopic analysis shows that the incorporation of sulfate solid waste can synergistically activate GGBS with CS to induce the growth of more needle-like ettringite(AFt),which filled the internal pores and improved the strength of the cementitious material.The better mechanical properties of solidified engineering sediment waste(ESW)also confirm the feasibility of replacing OPC.In summary,this study developed all-solid-waste cementitious materials with excellent mechanical performance,low costs and carbon emissions,which provided a sustainable and economic solution for ESW stabilization.展开更多
High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by t...High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.展开更多
The practical deployment of aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)is critically challenged by uncontrolled dendrite formation and parasitic side reactions,both arising from unstable interfacial chemistry.Herein,we propos...The practical deployment of aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)is critically challenged by uncontrolled dendrite formation and parasitic side reactions,both arising from unstable interfacial chemistry.Herein,we propose a dual-region interfacial engineering strategy that concurrently regulates both the outer and inner Helmholtz planes(OHP/IHP)by introducing the N,N-dimethylethanolamine(DMEA)into the ZnSO_(4) electrolyte.In the OHP,DMEA coordinates with Zn^(2+)to reshape the solvation structure and attenuate Zn^(2+)-H_(2)O interactions,thereby lowering water activity and suppressing hydrogen evolution.Meanwhile,DMEA molecules chemisorb onto the Zn surface within the IHP,forming a robust organic interphase that homogenizes the electric field and promotes uniform Zn nucleation.This dual functionality guides crystallographic evolution toward the thermodynamically favorable(101)facet,which supports lateral Zn growth and effectively mitigates dendrite propagation.Benefiting from the interfacial-crystallographic synergy,Zn‖Zn symmetric cells exhibit ultralong cycling stability over5000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain dendrite-free operation for over 1000 h at 5 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,Zn‖NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver high specific capacities with 80.06%capacity retention after1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).This work offers a mechanistically guided and scalable electrolyte design that bridges solvation chemistry with crystallographic control,providing a promising route toward dendrite-free,high-efficiency AZMBs.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region inter...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region interfacial modulation framework by molecularly reconfiguring the Helmholtz double layer via trace methyl methacrylate(MMA).Exploiting its amphiphilic and functionally asymmetric architecture,MMA enables a coordinated interfacial reconstruction that disrupts Zn^(2+)solvation in the outer Helmholtz plane,builds a chemisorbed coordination layer in the inner plane,and modulates local interfacial chemistry with spatial precision.This dualregion regulation collectively suppresses water reactivity,facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation,and drives crystallo-graphically preferred deposition along the(101)plane,promoting lateral growth and mitigating dendrite for-mation.As a result,symmetric Zn||Zn cells exhibit over 4200 h of stable cycling at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain 1100 h of operation at 2 mA cm^(-2),even at 0℃.Zn||Ti half-cells achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%,while Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver 93.92%capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and preserve 85.3%after 300 cycles at 0℃.This work demonstrates a scalable,mechanism-driven electrolyte design paradigm for dendrite-free and high-performance aqueous Zn metal batteries.展开更多
The integration of machine learning(ML)into geohazard assessment has successfully instigated a paradigm shift,leading to the production of models that possess a level of predictive accuracy previously considered unatt...The integration of machine learning(ML)into geohazard assessment has successfully instigated a paradigm shift,leading to the production of models that possess a level of predictive accuracy previously considered unattainable.However,the black-box nature of these systems presents a significant barrier,hindering their operational adoption,regulatory approval,and full scientific validation.This paper provides a systematic review and synthesis of the emerging field of explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)as applied to geohazard science(GeoXAI),a domain that aims to resolve the long-standing trade-off between model performance and interpretability.A rigorous synthesis of 87 foundational studies is used to map the intellectual and methodological contours of this rapidly expanding field.The analysis reveals that current research efforts are concentrated predominantly on landslide and flood assessment.Methodologically,tree-based ensembles and deep learning models dominate the literature,with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)frequently adopted as the principal post-hoc explanation technique.More importantly,the review further documents how the role of XAI has shifted:rather than being used solely as a tool for interpreting models after training,it is increasingly integrated into the modeling cycle itself.Recent applications include its use in feature selection,adaptive sampling strategies,and model evaluation.The evidence also shows that GeoXAI extends beyond producing feature rankings.It reveals nonlinear thresholds and interaction effects that generate deeper mechanistic insights into hazard processes and mechanisms.Nevertheless,several key challenges remain unresolved within the field.These persistent issues are especially pronounced when considering the crucial necessity for interpretation stability,the demanding scholarly task of reliably distinguishing correlation from causation,and the development of appropriate methods for the treatment of complex spatio-temporal dynamics.展开更多
基金The Innovation Fund of Postgraduate,Sichuan University of Science&Engineering(Grant Number:y2020102)。
文摘China has entered the era of post-poverty alleviation,which effectively links poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization strategies.In the era of post-poverty alleviation,in order to effectively promote the sustainable development of poor rural areas,local colleges and universities should actively nurture the self-development skills of the needy.Local colleges and universities should guide the transformation of ideas and concepts,scientifically optimize the allocation of poverty alleviation resources,improve the interest linkage mechanism between colleges and universities,strengthen the investigation and analysis of poverty alleviation projects,improve the convergence of assistance and practice,actively create a good spiritual and cultural environment,uphold the mission of helping cadres,attach importance to the support for the development of characteristic industries,and lastly,promote the convergence of rural revitalization strategies.
文摘Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)launched its first issue in September 2022 as a quarterly journal.So far,it has published 106 articles with nine issues and online early view.The volume of received manuscripts increases by 50%each year and over 200 manuscripts were received by 28th of November 2024.In the early period,DUSE authorship came from five countries and now reaches 29 countries.DUSE articles have been downloaded over 97000 times by readers from 170 countries/regions.It is indeed encouraging to note that DUSE has been admitted to different indices,including ESCI(August 2024),EI(March 2024),Scopus(July 2023),and DOAJ(May 2023).Its CiteScore in Scopus was 2.2 in 2023 and increased to 5.1 at the mid-November 2024.Its first impact factor from the Web of Science will be available in 2025.DUSE is growing to be a rapidly recognized international journal by readers in deep underground research and practice.
基金supported by the School of Emergency Management and the Emergency Science and Engineering Research Centre of Henan Polytechnic University(Jiaozuo,China).
文摘The uncertainty and destructiveness of major emergencies have resulted in China attaching unprecedented importance to emergency management.Ineffective response to emergencies also exposes the shortage of emergency management personnel and professionals,highlighting the necessity and urgency of emergency science education.Based on the actual needs of the state and society for emergency disciplines,this paper analyzes the logical possibilities of the emergency science and engineering discipline system design and gives a design framework.The study also puts forth measures to support implementation,such as conducting interdisciplinary pilot research and exploring the school's tradition of emergency science education.Including emergency science and engineering disciplines in interdisciplinary disciplines is conducive to enhancing resource investment,condensing academic consensus,accurately cultivating emergency personnel,achieving emergency technology breakthroughs,and providing a reference for the development of emergency science education in China.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022ME052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22404153)+4 种基金the TaiShan Scholars of Shandong China(No.tsqn202306113 and tsqn202408081)the Excellent Youth Science Fund Project of Shandong China(No.2025HWYQ-032)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M753044)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240693)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(No.24-4-4-zrjj-9-jch)。
文摘Photoelectrochemical seawater splitting is promising for renewable hydrogen,yet severe chloride corrosion remains a roadblock.Although amorphous catalysts improve hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode activity,their defect-enabled functionality inherently accelerates structural degradation,exacerbating chloride-induced corrosion.Here,a synergistic dual-functional nano-armor is designed by anchoring phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-))to active sites on amorphous NiMoO_(4)(a-NiMoO_(4)@PO_(4)^(3-)),achieving dual activitystability enhancement.Detailed physicochemical characterization and density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that the successful and stable anchoring of phosphate is highly dependent on the amorphous structural properties of a-NiMoO_(4).Its rich disordered coordination environment provides sufficient highly reactive sites,allowing PO_(4)^(3-)to be firmly bound through strong coordination bonds,which is the key for the dual role of PO_(4)^(3-)coordination.As a dynamic Cl-shield,PO_(4)^(3-)coordinates unsaturated Ni sites,forming an anionic layer that resists Cl-via steric-electrostatic blocking.As an electronic modulator,PO_(4)^(3-)triggers metal-to-ligand charge transfer at Ni sites,depleting electron density to optimize the intermediate adsorption of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and reduce kinetic barriers.Simultaneously,this charge redistribution induces a built-in electric field that accelerates holeselective transport.Benefiting from these dual effects,the Fe_(2)O_(3)/a-NiMoO_(4)@PO_(4)^(3-)achieves 4 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V_(RHE) with exceptional stability in seawater.This work leverages the unique coordination flexibility of amorphous structures to construct a phosphate-coordinated bifunctional nano-armor on hematite photoanodes,which simultaneously enables efficient chloride exclusion and electronic structure optimization.The synergistic mechanism,rooted in strong phosphate anchoring on amorphous carriers,establishes a new design paradigm for photoelectrochemical systems that integrate high activity with extreme environmental stability,providing an efficient pathway toward corrosion-resistant seawater splitting.
文摘Frugal innovation stands as an imperative cog in the wheel of sustainable development.In the pursuit of simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and environmental compatibility,waste tire rubber and polyurethane-coated rubber(PUcR)emerge as pivotal components in sustainable practices.These materials are advocated for various purposes,including protecting utility tunnels,serving as railway subgrades,and enhancing structural resilience through geotechnical seismic isolation(GSI).Their inherent characteristics,such as modest shear modulus(G)and robust damping ratio(D),make them well-suited for such endeavors,contributing to sustainability goals by repurposing substantial quantities of non-biodegradable waste.For practicality,leveraging artificial intelligence(AI)-based modern computing techniques for recycled material applications is imperative.In this regard,gene expression programming(GEP)was utilized to develop models for predicting the G and D of rubber–soil mixtures(RSMs)and polyurethane-coated RSMs(PUcRSMs).Employing laboratory testing data from 63 samples across three soil types,the newly proposed models demonstrated exceptional accuracy,with correlation coefficient(R^(2))values of 0.91 and 0.97 for G-prediction of RSM and PUcRSM,and 0.9 and 0.86 for D-prediction,respectively.Using AI-based methods,such as GEP to predict mixtures’dynamic response can cut laboratory costs and optimize mix designs,thereby advancing sustainable material applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42461160293 and 42230710)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20221250).
文摘Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the principles,applications,and future potential of infrared thermal imaging technology in the field.Key applications include measuring soil and rock properties,conducting geotechnical surveys,and monitoring geological hazards.Infrared thermal imaging technology has proven effective in detecting thermal anomalies,assessing geotechnical material characteristics,and monitoring hazards such as landslides and rockfalls.Despite its broad applications,challenges persist,including thermal interference,limitations in data processing,and complexities in technology integration.This review outlines advancements needed in algorithm optimization,integration with complementary technologies,and the expansion of applications into emerging areas such as ecological geotechnical engineering and heritage preservation.Addressing these challenges will unlock the full potential of infrared thermal imaging technology,positioning it as an essential tool for enhancing the safety,efficiency,and sustainability of geotechnical engineering practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51778618 and 52070192)the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017ZX07102).
文摘Algal blooms in eutrophic water often produce microcystins,which can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and even mortality in many organisms.Therefore,the elimination of microcystins in water is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.Herein,we develop a dual defect engineering strategy to construct graphite-like carbon nitride with N vacancies and-C≡N groups(NgCN)nanosheets for microcystin-LR(MC-LR)photodegradation.According to our theoretical calculations and actual findings,the NgCN nanosheets enhanced recyclability for the removal of MC-LR while also demonstrating outstanding photocatalytic efficacy,significantly surpassing the graphite-like carbon nitride under visible light,which is ascribed to efficient charge separation as well as narrowing the bandgap.Impressively,the water quality after photodegradation has been proven to be safe based on International Organization for Standardization(ISO)standards.This finding provides meaningful insights into understanding the relationship between defect engineering and photodegradation performance to design photocatalytic materials with higher activity for environmental remediation.
基金CHINA POSTDOCTORAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION(Grant No.2025M771925)Young Scientists Fund(C Class)(Grant No.32501636)Special Fund of Fundamental Scientific Research Business Expense for Higher School of Central Government(Grant No.2572025JT04).
文摘This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Zaozhuang city,China(2024GH12)the Zaozhuang Gathering of Talents Program。
文摘Developing advanced cathode modification strategies to address the inherent high charge density of Al^(3+) is essential for achieving high-energy-density and long-cycle-life rechargeable aluminum batteries(RABs).Herein,we engineer tetraethylammonium(TEA)cation intercalation as a dual-function strategy that concurrently enables interlayer distance enlargement and electrostatic shielding effects,resolving Al^(3+) polarization-induced sluggish kinetics and cathode degradation in RABs.TEA intercalation triggers exceptional V2O5 interlayer expansion from 4.37 to 13.10Å,while the modulated charge distribution generates an electrostatic shielding effect that significantly weakens the Coulombic interactions between Al^(3+) and V2O5 frameworks.This dual mechanism collectively enhances ion diffusion kinetics and suppresses lattice stress accumulation.Ex situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirm that the“molecular pillar effect”of TEA enables minimal and highly reversible structural deformation of the cathode(<2.0%volume change after 200 cycles),demonstrating zero-strain aluminum-storage behavior.The optimized cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 258 mAh g^(−1) at 0.5 A g^(−1),maintains 99%capacity retention at 5.0 A g^(−1),and exhibits an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.01%per cycle over 6000 cycles.This work opens new pathways for designing stable high-performance RAB cathodes through synergistic modulation of electronic and lattice structures.
基金economically supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474102)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2024CXGC010302)。
文摘Back-contacted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been demonstrated with merits of low material cost and weak ion migration,while the inferior buried surface restricts their performance and bifacial response.Herein,polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with similar thermal expansion coefficient to perovskites and low tensile modulus is introduced at the substrate/crystal interface to release interface lattice strain and enhance crystallinity.Besides,PVDF can release free fluoride ions to interact with bare Pb^(2+)ions,reducing interface charge trap density and nonradiative recombination.As a result,an impressive efficiency of 13.37%is obtained,setting a new efficiency benchmark for back-contacted PSCs.Moreover,the PVDF-modified devices retain 100%of their initial efficiency after 1,200 h of maximum power point tracking at 60℃.Finally,a high bifaciality factor of 0.96 is obtained,leading to obvious increase of power output under simulated circumstance with reflected light.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20240937)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QE187)+2 种基金the Shandong Higher Education“Young Entrepreneurship Talents Introduction and Cultivation Program”Project(Grant No.ZXQT20221228001)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42502273)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022RC4028).
文摘1.Introduction Artificial intelligence(AI)is rapidly reshaping geoscience,from Earth observation interpretation and hazard forecasting to subsurface characterisation and Earth system modelling(Kochupillai et al.,2022;Sun et al.,2024).These capabilities emerge at a time when geoscientific evidence is increasingly informing high-stakes decisions about climate adaptation,resource development,and disaster risk reduction(McGovern et al.,2022).
基金financially supported by the National Energy Green Hydrogen Refining Research&Development Center,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22476222)Natural Science Funds of Guangdong for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2022B1515020098).
文摘Green ammonia,produced by harnessing renewable solar energy to split nitrogen,plays a pivotal role in both agricultural practices and forthcoming energy configurations,driving the sustainable development of human society with zero-carbon emissions.However,nitrogen photoreduction currently faces the challenges of poor activation ability and low yield,and it is still challenging to unravel the intertwined problems in this field and provide direction for its development due to the complex reaction mechanism and multidisciplinary aspects such as photochemistry,catalysis,interface science,and technology.This review focuses on capturing the latest advances in photocatalytic nitrogen-to-ammonia conversion,delving into fundamental principles regarding the process,efficient photocatalysts for practical ammonia synthesis,and well-designed catalytic environments.Besides,this article provides insightful guidelines for analyzing complicated reaction mechanisms and identifying key bottlenecks or specific rate-determining steps,such as reactant activation,interfacial reaction engineering,and hydrogen evolution side reactions.By integrating perspectives from atomic mechanisms,nanoscale photocatalysts,microscale interfacial engineering,and macroscale reaction system design,this review advances the development of nitrogen photoreduction from proof-of-concept discoveries to viable solar-to-chemical conversion technologies,while also providing a valuable entry point for researchers into this burgeoning field.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52503154)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2022MB034 and ZR2025QC512)。
文摘Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequate mechanical robustness,self-healing,and recyclability,hindering their practical implementation.Herein,we present a high-performance azobenzene-functionalized polyurethane(AzoPU)elastomer actuator designed via molecular engineering of photoactive azobenzene moieties and dynamic disulfide bonds.AzoPU exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with retained performance after multiple reshaping cycles,enabled by well-engineered hard-soft segments and synergistic stress dissipation from weak covalent bonds/hierarchical hydrogen bonds.It achieves over 93%self-healing efficiency at room temperature owing to the synergistic interplay of disulfide bonds in the polymer backbone and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.Furthermore,it demonstrates remarkable light-triggered actuation behavior,achieving a phototropic bending angle exceeding 180°toward the light source within 45 s.To showcase its practical potential,proof-of-concept photoactuated devices with flower-,hook-,and gripper-like and local-orientation processed strip-shaped structures were fabricated,which exhibited rapid and reversible light-triggered deformation.This study proposes a novel strategy for the development of intelligent polymeric materials that integrate light responsiveness,self-healing,and recyclability,thus holding great promise for applications in flexible electronics,smart actuators,and sustainable functional materials.
基金supported by the “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang Province of China (No. 2024C01056)the support from London South Bank University
文摘Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challenges such as structural phase transitions,Na^(+)/vacancy ordering,and Jahn–Teller distortion effect,resulting in severe capacity decay and sluggish ion kinetics.We develop a novel Cu/Y dual-doping strategy that leads to the formation of"Na–Y"interlayer aggregates,which act as structural pillars within alkali metal layers,enhancing structural stability and disrupting the ordered arrangement of Na^(+)/vacancies.This disruption leads to a unique coexistence of ordered and disordered Na^(+)/vacancy states with near-zero strain,which significantly improves Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.This structural innovation not only mitigates the unfavorable P2–O2 phase transition but also facilitates rapid ion transport.As a result,the doped material demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,including an ultra-long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 10 C and an outstanding high-rate capability of~70 mAh g^(−1)at 50 C.The discovery of this novel interlayer pillar,along with its role in modulating Na^(+)/vacancy arrangements,provides a fresh perspective on engineering layered oxides.It opens up promising new pathways for the structural design of advanced cathode materials toward efficient,stable,and high-rate SIBs.
基金support from the Key R&D Program Project of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2023BCB074)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42307232).
文摘This study aims to prepare ternary all-solid-waste cementitious materials to completely replace ordinary Portland cement(OPC).Ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS),carbide slag(CS),sulfate solid waste phosphogypsum(PG),electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)and desulfurized gypsum(DG)were used as raw materials to prepare GGBS-PG-CS(GPC),GGBS-EMR-CS(GEC)and GGBS-DG-CS(GDC)ternary all-solid-waste cementitious materials.Macro and microscopic tests were carried out to reveal the mechanical properties and microscopic characteristics,as well as to quantitatively evaluate the environmental and economic benefits.The results show that the optimal ratios of GPC,GEC and GDC are 80:18:2,60:36:4 and 80:18:2,respectively.The corresponding 28 d-unconfined compressive strength(UCS)are 1.62,1.22 and 1.01 times that of OPC,respectively.Carbon emissions and costs per unit strength can be reduced by more than 97%and 57%,respectively.Microscopic analysis shows that the incorporation of sulfate solid waste can synergistically activate GGBS with CS to induce the growth of more needle-like ettringite(AFt),which filled the internal pores and improved the strength of the cementitious material.The better mechanical properties of solidified engineering sediment waste(ESW)also confirm the feasibility of replacing OPC.In summary,this study developed all-solid-waste cementitious materials with excellent mechanical performance,low costs and carbon emissions,which provided a sustainable and economic solution for ESW stabilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52474397)the High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.242017127)+1 种基金the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB),Nos.FRF-TP-2021-04C1 and 06500135)supported by USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.
基金the financial support from the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department of China(No.JYTQN2023289)the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Joint Plan(Fund)Project(No.2023BSBA-259)+4 种基金the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University(No.202404)the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402279)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Funding(Grant No.T2025T180002)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation General Program(Grant No.2024M751753)the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology(Yanshan University)(No.202401)。
文摘The practical deployment of aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)is critically challenged by uncontrolled dendrite formation and parasitic side reactions,both arising from unstable interfacial chemistry.Herein,we propose a dual-region interfacial engineering strategy that concurrently regulates both the outer and inner Helmholtz planes(OHP/IHP)by introducing the N,N-dimethylethanolamine(DMEA)into the ZnSO_(4) electrolyte.In the OHP,DMEA coordinates with Zn^(2+)to reshape the solvation structure and attenuate Zn^(2+)-H_(2)O interactions,thereby lowering water activity and suppressing hydrogen evolution.Meanwhile,DMEA molecules chemisorb onto the Zn surface within the IHP,forming a robust organic interphase that homogenizes the electric field and promotes uniform Zn nucleation.This dual functionality guides crystallographic evolution toward the thermodynamically favorable(101)facet,which supports lateral Zn growth and effectively mitigates dendrite propagation.Benefiting from the interfacial-crystallographic synergy,Zn‖Zn symmetric cells exhibit ultralong cycling stability over5000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain dendrite-free operation for over 1000 h at 5 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,Zn‖NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver high specific capacities with 80.06%capacity retention after1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).This work offers a mechanistically guided and scalable electrolyte design that bridges solvation chemistry with crystallographic control,providing a promising route toward dendrite-free,high-efficiency AZMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52125405 and U22A20108)Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University,National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)and Chulalongkorn University(N42A660383).D.D.Zhang would like to thank the financial support from the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department of China(No.JYTQN2023289)+3 种基金Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Joint Plan(Fund)Project(No.2023-BSBA-259)and the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University(No.202404).J.Cao would like to acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402279)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Funding(Grant Nos.2025T180002,2024M751753)the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology(Yanshan University)(No.202401).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region interfacial modulation framework by molecularly reconfiguring the Helmholtz double layer via trace methyl methacrylate(MMA).Exploiting its amphiphilic and functionally asymmetric architecture,MMA enables a coordinated interfacial reconstruction that disrupts Zn^(2+)solvation in the outer Helmholtz plane,builds a chemisorbed coordination layer in the inner plane,and modulates local interfacial chemistry with spatial precision.This dualregion regulation collectively suppresses water reactivity,facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation,and drives crystallo-graphically preferred deposition along the(101)plane,promoting lateral growth and mitigating dendrite for-mation.As a result,symmetric Zn||Zn cells exhibit over 4200 h of stable cycling at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain 1100 h of operation at 2 mA cm^(-2),even at 0℃.Zn||Ti half-cells achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%,while Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver 93.92%capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and preserve 85.3%after 300 cycles at 0℃.This work demonstrates a scalable,mechanism-driven electrolyte design paradigm for dendrite-free and high-performance aqueous Zn metal batteries.
文摘The integration of machine learning(ML)into geohazard assessment has successfully instigated a paradigm shift,leading to the production of models that possess a level of predictive accuracy previously considered unattainable.However,the black-box nature of these systems presents a significant barrier,hindering their operational adoption,regulatory approval,and full scientific validation.This paper provides a systematic review and synthesis of the emerging field of explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)as applied to geohazard science(GeoXAI),a domain that aims to resolve the long-standing trade-off between model performance and interpretability.A rigorous synthesis of 87 foundational studies is used to map the intellectual and methodological contours of this rapidly expanding field.The analysis reveals that current research efforts are concentrated predominantly on landslide and flood assessment.Methodologically,tree-based ensembles and deep learning models dominate the literature,with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)frequently adopted as the principal post-hoc explanation technique.More importantly,the review further documents how the role of XAI has shifted:rather than being used solely as a tool for interpreting models after training,it is increasingly integrated into the modeling cycle itself.Recent applications include its use in feature selection,adaptive sampling strategies,and model evaluation.The evidence also shows that GeoXAI extends beyond producing feature rankings.It reveals nonlinear thresholds and interaction effects that generate deeper mechanistic insights into hazard processes and mechanisms.Nevertheless,several key challenges remain unresolved within the field.These persistent issues are especially pronounced when considering the crucial necessity for interpretation stability,the demanding scholarly task of reliably distinguishing correlation from causation,and the development of appropriate methods for the treatment of complex spatio-temporal dynamics.
