The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.T...The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones,photoperiod,light,and various factors,in addition to genetic influences.In autumn,plants undergo morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter.Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance.Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause significant damage to plants,making it essential to adapt in autumn to survive winter conditions.While the general process of acclimatization is similar across many plant species,variations exist depending on the specific type of plant and regional conditions.Different plant organs exhibit varying degrees of damage from cold stress,and by applying agricultural principles,potential damage can be largely controlled.Timely reinforcement and stress prevention can minimize cold-related damage.Research has shown that in temperate climates,low temperatures restrict plant growth and yield.However,the intricate structural systems involved remain poorly understood.Over the past decade,studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to and resist cold stress.The gene signaling system is believed to play a crucial role in cold adaptation,and researchers have prioritized this area in their investigations.This study critically examines plant responses to cold stress through physiological adaptations,including calcium signaling dynamics,membrane lipid modifications,and adjustments in antioxidant systems.These mechanisms activate downstream gene expression and molecular functions,leading to key resistance strategies.Additionally,we explore the regulatory roles of endogenous phytohormones and secondary metabolites in cold stress responses.This review aims to enhance our foundational understanding of the mechanisms behind plant cold adaptation.展开更多
The improvement of soybean seed carotenoid contents is very important due to the beneficial role of carotenoids in human health and nutrition. However, the genetic architecture underlying soybean carotenoid biosynthes...The improvement of soybean seed carotenoid contents is very important due to the beneficial role of carotenoids in human health and nutrition. However, the genetic architecture underlying soybean carotenoid biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we employed next generation sequencing-based bulked-segregant analysis to identify new genomic regions governing seed carotenoids in 1,551 natural soybean accessions. The genomic DNA samples of individual plants with extreme phenotypes were pooled to form two bulks with high(50 accessions) and low(50 accessions) carotenoid contents for Illumina sequencing. A total of 125.09 Gb of clean bases and 89.82% of Q30 were obtained, and the average alignment efficiency was 99.45% with an average coverage depth of 62.20× and 99.75% genome coverage. Based on the G prime statistic algorithm(G') method analysis, 16 candidate genomic loci with a total length 20.41 Mb were found to be related to the trait. Of these loci, the most significant regions displaying the highest elevated G' values were found in chromosome 06 at a position of 18.53–22.67 Mb, and chromosome 19 at genomic region intervals of 8.36–10.94, 12.06–13.79 and 18.45–20.26 Mb. These regions were then used to identify the key candidate genes. In these regions, 250 predicted genes were found and analyzed to obtain 90 significantly enriched(P<0.05) Gene Ontology(GO) terms. Based on ANNOVAR analysis, 50 genes with non-synonymous and stopgained mutations were preferentially selected as potential candidate genes. Of those 50 genes, following their gene annotation functions and high significant haplotype variations in various environments,five genes were identified as the most promising candidate genes regulating soybean seed carotenoid accumulation, and they should be investigated in further functional validation studies. Collectively, understanding the genetic basis of carotenoid pigments and identifying genes underpinning carotenoid accumulation via a bulked-segregant analysis-based sequencing(BSA-seq) approach provide new insights for exploring future molecular breeding efforts to produce soybean cultivars with high carotenoid content.展开更多
Background:With advancements in burn treatment and intensive care leading to decreased mortality rates,a growing cohort of burn survivors is emerging.These individuals may be susceptible to frailty,characterized by re...Background:With advancements in burn treatment and intensive care leading to decreased mortality rates,a growing cohort of burn survivors is emerging.These individuals may be susceptible to frailty,characterized by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors commonly associated with aging,which significantly complicates their recovery process.To date,no study has investigated burns as a potential risk factor for frailty.This study aimed to determine the short-term prevalence of frailty among burn survivors’months after injury and compare it with that of the general population.Methods:A post hoc analysis was conducted on the Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine to Minimize the Effects of Burn Injury(RE-ENERGIZE)trial,an international randomized-controlled trial involving 1200 burn injury patients with partial-or full-thickness burns.Participants who did not complete the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)questionnaire were excluded.Data for the general population were obtained from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey(NHIS).Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL(Fatigue,Resistance,Ambulation,Illness,Loss of weight)scale.Due to lack of data on loss of weight,for the purposes of this study,malnutrition was used as the fifth variable.Illness and malnutrition were based on admission data,while fatigue,resistance,and ambulation were determined from post-discharge responses to the SF-36.The burn cohort and general population groups were matched using propensity score matching and compared in terms of frailty status.Within the burn group,patients were divided into different subgroups based on their frailty status,and the differences in their(instrumental)activities of daily living(iADL and ADL)were compared.A multivariable analysis was performed within the burn cohort to identify factors predisposing to frailty as well as compromised iADL and ADL.Results:Out of the 1200 burn patients involved in the study,600 completed the required questionnaires[follow-up time:(5.5±2.3)months]and were matched to 1200 adults from the general population in the U.S.In comparison to the general population,burn patients exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of being pre-frail(42.3%vs.19.8%,P<0.0001),or frail(13.0%vs.1.0%,P<0.0001).When focusing on specific components,burn patients were more prone to experiencing fatigue(25.8%vs.13.5%,P<0.0001),limited resistance(34.0%vs.2.7%,P<0.0001),and restricted ambulation(41.8%vs.3.8%,P<0.0001).Conversely,the incidence rate of illness was observed to be higher in the general population(1.2%vs.2.8%,P=0.03),while no significant difference was detected regarding malnutrition(2.3%vs.2.6%,P=0.75).Furthermore,in comparison with robust burn patients,it was significantly more likely for pre-frail and frail patients to disclose compromise in ADL and iADL.The frail cohort reported the most pronounced limitation.Conclusions:Our findings suggest a higher incidence of post-discharge frailty among burn survivors in the short-term following injury.Burn survivors experience compromised fatigue,resistance,and ambulation,while rates of illness and malnutrition were lower or unchanged,respectively.These results underscore the critical need for early identification of frailty after a burn injury,with timely and comprehensive involvement of a multidisciplinary team including burn and pain specialists,community physicians,physiotherapists,nutritionists,and social workers.This collaborative effort can ensure holistic care to address and mitigate frailty in this patient population.展开更多
The design of collaboration decision of C2 system is one of the puzzles which dicision science studies in complex system. To solve the contravention between the theory of collaboration decision design and development ...The design of collaboration decision of C2 system is one of the puzzles which dicision science studies in complex system. To solve the contravention between the theory of collaboration decision design and development requirement in distributed C2 system,three-stage design approach is proposed to research coherence and optimization by which decision-maker carries out decision regulations. First,getting information and decision process are described; decision indexes and regulation models of collaboration are established. And then,a test circumstance is designed and established for measuring various decision-maker’s capabilities of carrying out decision regulation by simulation and getting their load capability parameters. Finally,the obtained parameters from the experiment are disposed and substituted into the original models for proving the coherence of decision regulations. As a result,it is feasible for three-stage approach to design collaboration decision,and decision regulations can satisfy various decision-maker requirements.展开更多
The digestive tract of termite(Microcerotermes diversus) contains a variety of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria with exocellulases enzyme activity, not found in the rumen, which could potentially improve fiber degrad...The digestive tract of termite(Microcerotermes diversus) contains a variety of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria with exocellulases enzyme activity, not found in the rumen, which could potentially improve fiber degradation in the rumen. The objectives of the current study were to determine the effect of inoculation of rumen fluid(RF) with three species of bacteria isolated from termite digestive tract, Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium, and Microbacterium paludicola, on in vitro gas production(IVGP), fermentation parameters, nutrient disappearance, microbial populations, and hydrolytic enzyme activities with fibrous wheat straw(WS) and date leaf(DL) as incubation substrate. Inoculation of RF with either of three termite bacteria increased(P<0.05) ammonia-N concentration compared with the control group(free of termite gut bacteria). Termite bacteria inoculation had no effect(P>0.05) on gas production characteristics, dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance, pH, and concentration and composition of volatile fatty acids. Population of proteolytic bacteria and protozoa, but not cellulolytic bacteria, were increased(P<0.05) when RF was inoculated with termite bacteria with both WS and DL substrates. Inoculation of RF with termite bacteria increased protease activity, while activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase, microcrystalline-cellulase, α-amylase and filter paper degrading activity remained unchanged(P>0.05). Overall, the results of this study indicated that transferring lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, isolated from digestive tract of termite, to rumen liquid increased protozoa and proteolytic bacteria population and consequently increased protease activity and ammonia-N concentration in vitro, however, no effect on fermentation and fiber degradation parameters were detected. These results suggest that the termite bacteria might be rapidly lysed by the rumen microbes before beneficial effects on the rumen fermentation process could occur.展开更多
With the polarization of quantum-dot cell and quantum phase serving as state variables, this paper does both theoretical analysis and simulation for the complex nonlinear dynamical behaviour of a three-cell-coupled Qu...With the polarization of quantum-dot cell and quantum phase serving as state variables, this paper does both theoretical analysis and simulation for the complex nonlinear dynamical behaviour of a three-cell-coupled Quantum Cellular Neural Network （QCNN）, including equilibrium points, bifurcation and chaotic behaviour. Different phenomena, such as quasi-periodic, chaotic and hyper-chaotic states as well as bifurcations are revealed. The system＇s bifurcation and chaotic behaviour under the influence of the different coupling parameters are analysed. And it finds that the unbalanced cells coupled QCNN is easy to cause chaotic oscillation and the system response enters into chaotic state from quasi-periodic state by quasi-period bifurcation; however, the balanced cells coupled QCNN also can be chaotic when coupling parameters is in some region. Additionally, both the unbalanced and balanced cells coupled QCNNs can possess hyper-chaotic behaviour. It provides valuable information about QCNNs for future application in high-parallel signal processing and novel ultra-small chaotic generators.展开更多
Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment.This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids a...Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment.This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids and chlorophylls and revealed their associations with other nutritional quality traits in a genetically diverse set of Chinese soybean accessions comprised of cultivars and landraces.Genotype,planting year,accession type,seed cotyledon color,and ecoregion of origin significantly influenced the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls.The mean total carotenoid content was in the range of 8.15–14.72μg g–1 across the ecoregions.The total carotenoid content was 1.2-fold higher in the landraces than in the cultivars.Soybeans with green cotyledons had higher contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls than those with yellow cotyledons.Remarkably,lutein was the most abundant carotenoid in all the germplasms,ranging from 1.35–37.44μg g–1.Carotenoids and chlorophylls showed significant correlations with other quality traits,which will help to set breeding strategies for enhancing soybean carotenoids without affecting the other components.Collectively,our results demonstrate that carotenoids are adequately accumulated in soybean seeds,however,they are strongly influenced by genetic factors,accession type,and germplasm origin.We identified novel germplasms with the highest total carotenoid contents across the various ecoregions of China that could serve as the genetic materials for soybean carotenoid breeding programs,and thereby as the raw materials for food sectors,pharmaceuticals,and the cosmetic industry.展开更多
Plasmid DNA, an effective vaccine vector, can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, plasmid DNA raises issues concerning potential genomic integration after injection. This issue should be consid...Plasmid DNA, an effective vaccine vector, can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, plasmid DNA raises issues concerning potential genomic integration after injection. This issue should be considered in preclinical studies. Tiantan vaccinia virus (TV) has been most widely utilized in eradicating smallpox in China. This virus has also been considered as a successful vaccine vector against a few infectious diseases. Potent T cell responses through T-cell receptor (TCR) could be induced by three injections of the DNA prime vaccine followed by a single injection of recombinant vaccinia vaccine. To develop a safer immunization strategy, a single DNA prime followed by a single recombinant Tiantan vaccinia (rTV) AIDS vaccine was used to immunize mice. Our data demonstrated that one DNA prime/rTV boost regimen induced mature TCR activation with high functional avidity, preferential T cell Vβ receptor usage and high sensitivity to anti-CD3 antibody stimulation. No differences in T cell responses were observed among one, two or three DNA prime/rTV boost regimens. This study shows that one DNA prime/rTV boost regimen is sufficient to induce potent T cell responses against HIV.展开更多
Now,daoyin has developed into a complete set of conventional movement patterns,such as Baduanjin,Yijinjing,and Wuqinxi.However,the original meaning and the connotation of daoyin is ignored by people gradually,which wi...Now,daoyin has developed into a complete set of conventional movement patterns,such as Baduanjin,Yijinjing,and Wuqinxi.However,the original meaning and the connotation of daoyin is ignored by people gradually,which will hinder the development of daoyin and make the specific application difficult.In this article,we will explore the basic composition of the daoyin–“movement”and its intrinsic basis–“essential qi”to think about the original meaning and connotation of daoyin.展开更多
This article is investigating analysis and chemical composition of ceramic pegmatite minerals obtained from the Terek deposit in Toktogul district of Kyrgyzstan. Several methods such as mineralogical studies, magnetic...This article is investigating analysis and chemical composition of ceramic pegmatite minerals obtained from the Terek deposit in Toktogul district of Kyrgyzstan. Several methods such as mineralogical studies, magnetic and gravitational enrichments, silicate and chemical analyses of ceramic pegmatite minerals, quartz-feldspathic concentrate and sludge removal have been performed for determination of pegmatite mineral applicability for production of porcelain and earthenware.展开更多
The article is considering the third kind of nonlinear Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations with the solution by Lavrentyev regularizing operator. A uniqueness theorem was proved, and a regularization parameter was c...The article is considering the third kind of nonlinear Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations with the solution by Lavrentyev regularizing operator. A uniqueness theorem was proved, and a regularization parameter was chosen. This can be used in further development of the theory of the integral equations in non-standard problems, classes in the numerical solution of third kind Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations, and when solving specific problems that lead to equations of the third kind.展开更多
In the modern science, priority is given for the search of biological active compounds with specific properties. As a result of experimental data, it was found that in the reaction between N-(β-D-glycopyranosyl)-semi...In the modern science, priority is given for the search of biological active compounds with specific properties. As a result of experimental data, it was found that in the reaction between N-(β-D-glycopyranosyl)-semicarbazide and the Lawesson reagent (2,4-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide) at the ratio 1:1 in pyridine when boiling under reflux in a water bath for 20 - 35 minutes, a new synthetic compound N-(β-D-glycopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide is formed. The individuality and structure of the target products were confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. For the synthesized new compounds of N-(β-D-glycopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazides, the probability of pharmacological and toxic effects were predicted by the computer method in silico. From the synthesized compounds N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide, the probability of antibacterial (antibacterial) activity is predicted (Pa/Pi 0.544/0.013). The antibacterial activity of the compound (4) was confirmed in a test for salmonella infection of lambs, salmonellosis of calves, and colipathogenic E. coli serotypes. An experimental study by the in vitro method made it possible to conclude that the new synthetic compound N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide in the studied concentrations has a pronounced bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect. The synthetic new compound N-(β-D-glyco- pyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide is a promising compound for further study.展开更多
Al2O3/YSZ composite ceramics was fabricated with combustion synthesis technology, and the influences of mechanical vibration on its microstructures and properties were investigated. It is found that under the mechanic...Al2O3/YSZ composite ceramics was fabricated with combustion synthesis technology, and the influences of mechanical vibration on its microstructures and properties were investigated. It is found that under the mechanical vibration of ever-increasing frequency, increasing combustion temperature, accelerating ceramics/metal liquid-liquid separation and quickening ceramic solidification could not only reduce the average diameter and the size distribution of aligned ZrO2 nano-micron fibers in rod-shaped Al2O3 matrix grains, but also make the randomly-oriented rod-shaped grains finer and increase their aspect ratios. As a result, a remarkable increase in flexural strength and fracture toughness of the ceramics can be observed.展开更多
Intensification of magnetic susceptibility of the zeolite ensures not only quick and reliable separation of the zeolite from waste medium by using a magnetic separation but also efficient micro-wave heating of the zeo...Intensification of magnetic susceptibility of the zeolite ensures not only quick and reliable separation of the zeolite from waste medium by using a magnetic separation but also efficient micro-wave heating of the zeolite.Thus, reinforcement of magnetic susceptibility of the zeolite has been attempted.In this study,a composite material has been synthesized by adding magnetite during a synthesis process of the zeolite.And the composite was evaluated by using XRD and SEM.It was composed of zeolite and magnetite.And,its shape was polygonal with a few micrometers size under the synthesis time of 4 weeks.Its magnetization in magnitude was about 400 times larger than that of the normally synthesized zeolite.And the mass ratio of the zeolite and the magnetite in the synthesized material was estimated at about 7.8:1.展开更多
Root activity has an important impact on soil development but we have little knowledge of the interaction of the root zone and soil genetic horizons.The aim of this investigation was to study the interactions between ...Root activity has an important impact on soil development but we have little knowledge of the interaction of the root zone and soil genetic horizons.The aim of this investigation was to study the interactions between soil chemical characteristics and root zone processes in a declining Persian oak forest(Quercus brantii Lindl.).A randomized complete block design was used to investigate the long-term eff ect of Persian oak on soil horizons,and the chemical and biological properties in two soil zones(under and outside the canopy).Results indicate that the rhizosphere zone had signifi cantly higher total organic carbon(TOC)than outside the canopy soil in the upper soil horizons.In subsurface horizons,water-extractable organic carbon values were signifi cantly higher in rhizosphere than in non-rhizospheric zone.Microbial biomass carbon(MBC)values in the rhizospheric zone decreased from the fi rst to the second horizon.The MBC/TOC ratio indicated signifi-cant diff erences between the rhizosphere and soils outside of the canopy,with the exception of the subsurface horizon.In the subsurface horizon of the rhizosphere,there was greater respiration of organic carbon(ΣCO 2/TOC)than in outside of canopy soil.In addition,root processes infl uenced pH,nitrogen fractions,and availability of phosphorus,potassium,iron,zinc and manganese.Diff erences in soil characteristics between rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric zones were signifi cant in surface horizons due to higher root density than in deeper soil layers.The fi ndings indicate that Persian oak(Quercus brantii Lindl.)roots infl uenced the main soil chemical properties,even in calcareous soils.展开更多
Background:Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)is vital to the physical,mental,and social well-being of children.Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic included the clos...Background:Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)is vital to the physical,mental,and social well-being of children.Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic included the closure of schools and physical activity(PA)amenities across the US.This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on the PA and play behavior of U.S.children and to provide evidencebased recommendations to improve their PA.Methods:A cross-sectional,online,parent-reported survey was conducted of children aged 318 years between April and June 2020 to assess light PA and MVPA using a modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire.Additional items included family/child socioeconomic demographics,child adaptability to the pandemic,and community access.The survey was shared through social media and snowball sampling distribution.Results:Analysis of 1310 surveys indicated child PA scores declined significantly during the pandemic(from 56.6 to 44.6,max 119,p<0.001).Specifically,MVPA score decreased(from 46.7 to 34.7,max 98,p<0.001)while light PA remained the same.Age-based changes were seen in the quantity,variety,and intensity of PA,with the lowest pandemic-related impact seen in preschoolers and the highest in high schoolers(4.7 vs.17.2,p<0.001).Community-based peer PA decreased across all age groups.Conclusion:This study shows decreased PA levels in U.S.children,according to parent reporting,during the COVID-19 pandemic.Recommendations for community leaders,educators,and parents to improve PA in children are provided.With continued spread of COVID-19,these results and recommendations may be imperative to the physical well-being of U.S.children.展开更多
Subinertial fluctuation of a strong northward deep current, which is referred to the Dokdo Abyssal Current （DAC） by Chang et al. （2009）, is investigated from current records for about 16.5 and 8.0 months in the Ul...Subinertial fluctuation of a strong northward deep current, which is referred to the Dokdo Abyssal Current （DAC） by Chang et al. （2009）, is investigated from current records for about 16.5 and 8.0 months in the Ulle- ung Interplain Gap of the East/lapan Sea. The current below 300 m is bottom-intensified and has nearly depth-independent flow. Near bottom, the spectral peaks of the current were found near 10, 20, and 60 d. The DAC variability near 10 d and 20 d is reasonably consistent with the linear theory of topographic Rossby waves （TRWs） in the following aspects： （1） The motion is columnar and bottom-intensified; （2） the theo- retical cutoff frequency is similar to the observation; （3） The observation-based angles of the wavenumber vector are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The wavelengths of the TRWs with periods of near 10 d and 20 d near Dokdo are significantly shorter than those with similar timescales in the open oceans （100-250 km）. It is primarily due to the weak stratification below 300 m in the East Sea. The deep cur- rent fluctuations with periods of near 10 d and 20 d were accompanied by warm events in the upper layer resulting from eddying processes and/or meandering of the Tsushima Warm Current.展开更多
It is well known that air in industrial cities contains a significant amount of dust particles, smoke, and toxic gases. The increased number of vehicles has a direct impact on air quality resulting in the emission of ...It is well known that air in industrial cities contains a significant amount of dust particles, smoke, and toxic gases. The increased number of vehicles has a direct impact on air quality resulting in the emission of exhaust gases, and the increase of dust concentration in air. In this article, we are describing the dust retention ability of plants depending on their leaf structure. Plant species were classified into three groups according to their dust-holding capacities. Dust retaining ability of plant species in conditions of high, average and low dust conditions described.展开更多
A S45C carbon steel has been solidified trader different electromagnetic conditions to investigate the effect of the electromagnetic force imposition and its imposing period on the solidified structure in this study.F...A S45C carbon steel has been solidified trader different electromagnetic conditions to investigate the effect of the electromagnetic force imposition and its imposing period on the solidified structure in this study.For excitation of the electromagnetic force,a static magnetic field and a direct electric current were simultaneously imposed on a sample under a certain period of the solidification.After the solidification,the microstructures were observed and compared each other. As the results,microstructure of the S45C steel under the simultaneous imposition of a static magnetic field of 1T and a direct electric current of 20A in the latter stage of its solidification was dendritic while it was globular if the electromagnetic force was imposed during the whole solidification period.展开更多
This article is presenting history of stone casting and analysis of basalt raw materials assessment from other countries for stone casting technology and various basalts compositions were considered. Analytical method...This article is presenting history of stone casting and analysis of basalt raw materials assessment from other countries for stone casting technology and various basalts compositions were considered. Analytical methods for calculating composition of charge require a long calculation time and plotting diagrams, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. As a research significance, we have proposed an experimental calculation method for calculating raw materials after charging. Analysis of the composition, structure of basalts and charging materials were used in the stone casting technology. According to the comparison method, the required amount of charging materials was calculated for the Suluu-Terek 1, Suluu-Terek 2 and Berestovetsk deposits. The calculated data was confirmed by experimental melts in the process of stone casting.展开更多
文摘The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones,photoperiod,light,and various factors,in addition to genetic influences.In autumn,plants undergo morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter.Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance.Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause significant damage to plants,making it essential to adapt in autumn to survive winter conditions.While the general process of acclimatization is similar across many plant species,variations exist depending on the specific type of plant and regional conditions.Different plant organs exhibit varying degrees of damage from cold stress,and by applying agricultural principles,potential damage can be largely controlled.Timely reinforcement and stress prevention can minimize cold-related damage.Research has shown that in temperate climates,low temperatures restrict plant growth and yield.However,the intricate structural systems involved remain poorly understood.Over the past decade,studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to and resist cold stress.The gene signaling system is believed to play a crucial role in cold adaptation,and researchers have prioritized this area in their investigations.This study critically examines plant responses to cold stress through physiological adaptations,including calcium signaling dynamics,membrane lipid modifications,and adjustments in antioxidant systems.These mechanisms activate downstream gene expression and molecular functions,leading to key resistance strategies.Additionally,we explore the regulatory roles of endogenous phytohormones and secondary metabolites in cold stress responses.This review aims to enhance our foundational understanding of the mechanisms behind plant cold adaptation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32161143033, 32272178, and 32001574)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1201605)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of CAAS。
文摘The improvement of soybean seed carotenoid contents is very important due to the beneficial role of carotenoids in human health and nutrition. However, the genetic architecture underlying soybean carotenoid biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we employed next generation sequencing-based bulked-segregant analysis to identify new genomic regions governing seed carotenoids in 1,551 natural soybean accessions. The genomic DNA samples of individual plants with extreme phenotypes were pooled to form two bulks with high(50 accessions) and low(50 accessions) carotenoid contents for Illumina sequencing. A total of 125.09 Gb of clean bases and 89.82% of Q30 were obtained, and the average alignment efficiency was 99.45% with an average coverage depth of 62.20× and 99.75% genome coverage. Based on the G prime statistic algorithm(G') method analysis, 16 candidate genomic loci with a total length 20.41 Mb were found to be related to the trait. Of these loci, the most significant regions displaying the highest elevated G' values were found in chromosome 06 at a position of 18.53–22.67 Mb, and chromosome 19 at genomic region intervals of 8.36–10.94, 12.06–13.79 and 18.45–20.26 Mb. These regions were then used to identify the key candidate genes. In these regions, 250 predicted genes were found and analyzed to obtain 90 significantly enriched(P<0.05) Gene Ontology(GO) terms. Based on ANNOVAR analysis, 50 genes with non-synonymous and stopgained mutations were preferentially selected as potential candidate genes. Of those 50 genes, following their gene annotation functions and high significant haplotype variations in various environments,five genes were identified as the most promising candidate genes regulating soybean seed carotenoid accumulation, and they should be investigated in further functional validation studies. Collectively, understanding the genetic basis of carotenoid pigments and identifying genes underpinning carotenoid accumulation via a bulked-segregant analysis-based sequencing(BSA-seq) approach provide new insights for exploring future molecular breeding efforts to produce soybean cultivars with high carotenoid content.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Defense(W81XWH-09-2-0194 for the pilot phase)the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(MCT-94834 for the pilot phase and 14238 for the definitive phase).
文摘Background:With advancements in burn treatment and intensive care leading to decreased mortality rates,a growing cohort of burn survivors is emerging.These individuals may be susceptible to frailty,characterized by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors commonly associated with aging,which significantly complicates their recovery process.To date,no study has investigated burns as a potential risk factor for frailty.This study aimed to determine the short-term prevalence of frailty among burn survivors’months after injury and compare it with that of the general population.Methods:A post hoc analysis was conducted on the Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine to Minimize the Effects of Burn Injury(RE-ENERGIZE)trial,an international randomized-controlled trial involving 1200 burn injury patients with partial-or full-thickness burns.Participants who did not complete the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)questionnaire were excluded.Data for the general population were obtained from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey(NHIS).Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL(Fatigue,Resistance,Ambulation,Illness,Loss of weight)scale.Due to lack of data on loss of weight,for the purposes of this study,malnutrition was used as the fifth variable.Illness and malnutrition were based on admission data,while fatigue,resistance,and ambulation were determined from post-discharge responses to the SF-36.The burn cohort and general population groups were matched using propensity score matching and compared in terms of frailty status.Within the burn group,patients were divided into different subgroups based on their frailty status,and the differences in their(instrumental)activities of daily living(iADL and ADL)were compared.A multivariable analysis was performed within the burn cohort to identify factors predisposing to frailty as well as compromised iADL and ADL.Results:Out of the 1200 burn patients involved in the study,600 completed the required questionnaires[follow-up time:(5.5±2.3)months]and were matched to 1200 adults from the general population in the U.S.In comparison to the general population,burn patients exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of being pre-frail(42.3%vs.19.8%,P<0.0001),or frail(13.0%vs.1.0%,P<0.0001).When focusing on specific components,burn patients were more prone to experiencing fatigue(25.8%vs.13.5%,P<0.0001),limited resistance(34.0%vs.2.7%,P<0.0001),and restricted ambulation(41.8%vs.3.8%,P<0.0001).Conversely,the incidence rate of illness was observed to be higher in the general population(1.2%vs.2.8%,P=0.03),while no significant difference was detected regarding malnutrition(2.3%vs.2.6%,P=0.75).Furthermore,in comparison with robust burn patients,it was significantly more likely for pre-frail and frail patients to disclose compromise in ADL and iADL.The frail cohort reported the most pronounced limitation.Conclusions:Our findings suggest a higher incidence of post-discharge frailty among burn survivors in the short-term following injury.Burn survivors experience compromised fatigue,resistance,and ambulation,while rates of illness and malnutrition were lower or unchanged,respectively.These results underscore the critical need for early identification of frailty after a burn injury,with timely and comprehensive involvement of a multidisciplinary team including burn and pain specialists,community physicians,physiotherapists,nutritionists,and social workers.This collaborative effort can ensure holistic care to address and mitigate frailty in this patient population.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China (70671105)
文摘The design of collaboration decision of C2 system is one of the puzzles which dicision science studies in complex system. To solve the contravention between the theory of collaboration decision design and development requirement in distributed C2 system,three-stage design approach is proposed to research coherence and optimization by which decision-maker carries out decision regulations. First,getting information and decision process are described; decision indexes and regulation models of collaboration are established. And then,a test circumstance is designed and established for measuring various decision-maker’s capabilities of carrying out decision regulation by simulation and getting their load capability parameters. Finally,the obtained parameters from the experiment are disposed and substituted into the original models for proving the coherence of decision regulations. As a result,it is feasible for three-stage approach to design collaboration decision,and decision regulations can satisfy various decision-maker requirements.
基金Lorestan University,Iran,for its financial support。
文摘The digestive tract of termite(Microcerotermes diversus) contains a variety of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria with exocellulases enzyme activity, not found in the rumen, which could potentially improve fiber degradation in the rumen. The objectives of the current study were to determine the effect of inoculation of rumen fluid(RF) with three species of bacteria isolated from termite digestive tract, Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium, and Microbacterium paludicola, on in vitro gas production(IVGP), fermentation parameters, nutrient disappearance, microbial populations, and hydrolytic enzyme activities with fibrous wheat straw(WS) and date leaf(DL) as incubation substrate. Inoculation of RF with either of three termite bacteria increased(P<0.05) ammonia-N concentration compared with the control group(free of termite gut bacteria). Termite bacteria inoculation had no effect(P>0.05) on gas production characteristics, dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance, pH, and concentration and composition of volatile fatty acids. Population of proteolytic bacteria and protozoa, but not cellulolytic bacteria, were increased(P<0.05) when RF was inoculated with termite bacteria with both WS and DL substrates. Inoculation of RF with termite bacteria increased protease activity, while activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase, microcrystalline-cellulase, α-amylase and filter paper degrading activity remained unchanged(P>0.05). Overall, the results of this study indicated that transferring lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, isolated from digestive tract of termite, to rumen liquid increased protozoa and proteolytic bacteria population and consequently increased protease activity and ammonia-N concentration in vitro, however, no effect on fermentation and fiber degradation parameters were detected. These results suggest that the termite bacteria might be rapidly lysed by the rumen microbes before beneficial effects on the rumen fermentation process could occur.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No 2005F20)the Innovation Funds of the College of Science,Air Force University of Engineering (2007B003)
文摘With the polarization of quantum-dot cell and quantum phase serving as state variables, this paper does both theoretical analysis and simulation for the complex nonlinear dynamical behaviour of a three-cell-coupled Quantum Cellular Neural Network （QCNN）, including equilibrium points, bifurcation and chaotic behaviour. Different phenomena, such as quasi-periodic, chaotic and hyper-chaotic states as well as bifurcations are revealed. The system＇s bifurcation and chaotic behaviour under the influence of the different coupling parameters are analysed. And it finds that the unbalanced cells coupled QCNN is easy to cause chaotic oscillation and the system response enters into chaotic state from quasi-periodic state by quasi-period bifurcation; however, the balanced cells coupled QCNN also can be chaotic when coupling parameters is in some region. Additionally, both the unbalanced and balanced cells coupled QCNNs can possess hyper-chaotic behaviour. It provides valuable information about QCNNs for future application in high-parallel signal processing and novel ultra-small chaotic generators.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143033 and 32001574)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(2060203-2).
文摘Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment.This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids and chlorophylls and revealed their associations with other nutritional quality traits in a genetically diverse set of Chinese soybean accessions comprised of cultivars and landraces.Genotype,planting year,accession type,seed cotyledon color,and ecoregion of origin significantly influenced the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls.The mean total carotenoid content was in the range of 8.15–14.72μg g–1 across the ecoregions.The total carotenoid content was 1.2-fold higher in the landraces than in the cultivars.Soybeans with green cotyledons had higher contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls than those with yellow cotyledons.Remarkably,lutein was the most abundant carotenoid in all the germplasms,ranging from 1.35–37.44μg g–1.Carotenoids and chlorophylls showed significant correlations with other quality traits,which will help to set breeding strategies for enhancing soybean carotenoids without affecting the other components.Collectively,our results demonstrate that carotenoids are adequately accumulated in soybean seeds,however,they are strongly influenced by genetic factors,accession type,and germplasm origin.We identified novel germplasms with the highest total carotenoid contents across the various ecoregions of China that could serve as the genetic materials for soybean carotenoid breeding programs,and thereby as the raw materials for food sectors,pharmaceuticals,and the cosmetic industry.
基金supported by the China Comprehensive Integrated Programs for Research on AIDS(CIPRA, U19AI51915)by the National Key Projects on Major Infectious Diseases (Grant No. 2008ZX10001-010,2012ZX10001-008)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000413)
文摘Plasmid DNA, an effective vaccine vector, can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, plasmid DNA raises issues concerning potential genomic integration after injection. This issue should be considered in preclinical studies. Tiantan vaccinia virus (TV) has been most widely utilized in eradicating smallpox in China. This virus has also been considered as a successful vaccine vector against a few infectious diseases. Potent T cell responses through T-cell receptor (TCR) could be induced by three injections of the DNA prime vaccine followed by a single injection of recombinant vaccinia vaccine. To develop a safer immunization strategy, a single DNA prime followed by a single recombinant Tiantan vaccinia (rTV) AIDS vaccine was used to immunize mice. Our data demonstrated that one DNA prime/rTV boost regimen induced mature TCR activation with high functional avidity, preferential T cell Vβ receptor usage and high sensitivity to anti-CD3 antibody stimulation. No differences in T cell responses were observed among one, two or three DNA prime/rTV boost regimens. This study shows that one DNA prime/rTV boost regimen is sufficient to induce potent T cell responses against HIV.
基金This is a budget Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2016YSN77).
文摘Now,daoyin has developed into a complete set of conventional movement patterns,such as Baduanjin,Yijinjing,and Wuqinxi.However,the original meaning and the connotation of daoyin is ignored by people gradually,which will hinder the development of daoyin and make the specific application difficult.In this article,we will explore the basic composition of the daoyin–“movement”and its intrinsic basis–“essential qi”to think about the original meaning and connotation of daoyin.
文摘This article is investigating analysis and chemical composition of ceramic pegmatite minerals obtained from the Terek deposit in Toktogul district of Kyrgyzstan. Several methods such as mineralogical studies, magnetic and gravitational enrichments, silicate and chemical analyses of ceramic pegmatite minerals, quartz-feldspathic concentrate and sludge removal have been performed for determination of pegmatite mineral applicability for production of porcelain and earthenware.
文摘The article is considering the third kind of nonlinear Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations with the solution by Lavrentyev regularizing operator. A uniqueness theorem was proved, and a regularization parameter was chosen. This can be used in further development of the theory of the integral equations in non-standard problems, classes in the numerical solution of third kind Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations, and when solving specific problems that lead to equations of the third kind.
文摘In the modern science, priority is given for the search of biological active compounds with specific properties. As a result of experimental data, it was found that in the reaction between N-(β-D-glycopyranosyl)-semicarbazide and the Lawesson reagent (2,4-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide) at the ratio 1:1 in pyridine when boiling under reflux in a water bath for 20 - 35 minutes, a new synthetic compound N-(β-D-glycopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide is formed. The individuality and structure of the target products were confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. For the synthesized new compounds of N-(β-D-glycopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazides, the probability of pharmacological and toxic effects were predicted by the computer method in silico. From the synthesized compounds N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide, the probability of antibacterial (antibacterial) activity is predicted (Pa/Pi 0.544/0.013). The antibacterial activity of the compound (4) was confirmed in a test for salmonella infection of lambs, salmonellosis of calves, and colipathogenic E. coli serotypes. An experimental study by the in vitro method made it possible to conclude that the new synthetic compound N-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide in the studied concentrations has a pronounced bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect. The synthetic new compound N-(β-D-glyco- pyranosyl)-thiosemicarbazide is a promising compound for further study.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50672131)
文摘Al2O3/YSZ composite ceramics was fabricated with combustion synthesis technology, and the influences of mechanical vibration on its microstructures and properties were investigated. It is found that under the mechanical vibration of ever-increasing frequency, increasing combustion temperature, accelerating ceramics/metal liquid-liquid separation and quickening ceramic solidification could not only reduce the average diameter and the size distribution of aligned ZrO2 nano-micron fibers in rod-shaped Al2O3 matrix grains, but also make the randomly-oriented rod-shaped grains finer and increase their aspect ratios. As a result, a remarkable increase in flexural strength and fracture toughness of the ceramics can be observed.
基金Item Sponsored by JSPS Asian Core Program"Construction of the World Center on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials"
文摘Intensification of magnetic susceptibility of the zeolite ensures not only quick and reliable separation of the zeolite from waste medium by using a magnetic separation but also efficient micro-wave heating of the zeolite.Thus, reinforcement of magnetic susceptibility of the zeolite has been attempted.In this study,a composite material has been synthesized by adding magnetite during a synthesis process of the zeolite.And the composite was evaluated by using XRD and SEM.It was composed of zeolite and magnetite.And,its shape was polygonal with a few micrometers size under the synthesis time of 4 weeks.Its magnetization in magnitude was about 400 times larger than that of the normally synthesized zeolite.And the mass ratio of the zeolite and the magnetite in the synthesized material was estimated at about 7.8:1.
基金The managing director of Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center is highly appreciated for their cooperation in conducting this investigation.
文摘Root activity has an important impact on soil development but we have little knowledge of the interaction of the root zone and soil genetic horizons.The aim of this investigation was to study the interactions between soil chemical characteristics and root zone processes in a declining Persian oak forest(Quercus brantii Lindl.).A randomized complete block design was used to investigate the long-term eff ect of Persian oak on soil horizons,and the chemical and biological properties in two soil zones(under and outside the canopy).Results indicate that the rhizosphere zone had signifi cantly higher total organic carbon(TOC)than outside the canopy soil in the upper soil horizons.In subsurface horizons,water-extractable organic carbon values were signifi cantly higher in rhizosphere than in non-rhizospheric zone.Microbial biomass carbon(MBC)values in the rhizospheric zone decreased from the fi rst to the second horizon.The MBC/TOC ratio indicated signifi-cant diff erences between the rhizosphere and soils outside of the canopy,with the exception of the subsurface horizon.In the subsurface horizon of the rhizosphere,there was greater respiration of organic carbon(ΣCO 2/TOC)than in outside of canopy soil.In addition,root processes infl uenced pH,nitrogen fractions,and availability of phosphorus,potassium,iron,zinc and manganese.Diff erences in soil characteristics between rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric zones were signifi cant in surface horizons due to higher root density than in deeper soil layers.The fi ndings indicate that Persian oak(Quercus brantii Lindl.)roots infl uenced the main soil chemical properties,even in calcareous soils.
文摘Background:Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)is vital to the physical,mental,and social well-being of children.Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic included the closure of schools and physical activity(PA)amenities across the US.This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on the PA and play behavior of U.S.children and to provide evidencebased recommendations to improve their PA.Methods:A cross-sectional,online,parent-reported survey was conducted of children aged 318 years between April and June 2020 to assess light PA and MVPA using a modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire.Additional items included family/child socioeconomic demographics,child adaptability to the pandemic,and community access.The survey was shared through social media and snowball sampling distribution.Results:Analysis of 1310 surveys indicated child PA scores declined significantly during the pandemic(from 56.6 to 44.6,max 119,p<0.001).Specifically,MVPA score decreased(from 46.7 to 34.7,max 98,p<0.001)while light PA remained the same.Age-based changes were seen in the quantity,variety,and intensity of PA,with the lowest pandemic-related impact seen in preschoolers and the highest in high schoolers(4.7 vs.17.2,p<0.001).Community-based peer PA decreased across all age groups.Conclusion:This study shows decreased PA levels in U.S.children,according to parent reporting,during the COVID-19 pandemic.Recommendations for community leaders,educators,and parents to improve PA in children are provided.With continued spread of COVID-19,these results and recommendations may be imperative to the physical well-being of U.S.children.
基金The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs of Korean Govenment as part of the EAST-I (East Asian Seas Time-series,East/Japan Sea) and OCCAPA (Ocean Chimate Change-Analyses, Projections and Adaptation), through KIOST Project under contract No. PE98742as part of the Development of Technology for CO2 Marine Geological Storage project under contract No. PMS246B
文摘Subinertial fluctuation of a strong northward deep current, which is referred to the Dokdo Abyssal Current （DAC） by Chang et al. （2009）, is investigated from current records for about 16.5 and 8.0 months in the Ulle- ung Interplain Gap of the East/lapan Sea. The current below 300 m is bottom-intensified and has nearly depth-independent flow. Near bottom, the spectral peaks of the current were found near 10, 20, and 60 d. The DAC variability near 10 d and 20 d is reasonably consistent with the linear theory of topographic Rossby waves （TRWs） in the following aspects： （1） The motion is columnar and bottom-intensified; （2） the theo- retical cutoff frequency is similar to the observation; （3） The observation-based angles of the wavenumber vector are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The wavelengths of the TRWs with periods of near 10 d and 20 d near Dokdo are significantly shorter than those with similar timescales in the open oceans （100-250 km）. It is primarily due to the weak stratification below 300 m in the East Sea. The deep cur- rent fluctuations with periods of near 10 d and 20 d were accompanied by warm events in the upper layer resulting from eddying processes and/or meandering of the Tsushima Warm Current.
文摘It is well known that air in industrial cities contains a significant amount of dust particles, smoke, and toxic gases. The increased number of vehicles has a direct impact on air quality resulting in the emission of exhaust gases, and the increase of dust concentration in air. In this article, we are describing the dust retention ability of plants depending on their leaf structure. Plant species were classified into three groups according to their dust-holding capacities. Dust retaining ability of plant species in conditions of high, average and low dust conditions described.
文摘A S45C carbon steel has been solidified trader different electromagnetic conditions to investigate the effect of the electromagnetic force imposition and its imposing period on the solidified structure in this study.For excitation of the electromagnetic force,a static magnetic field and a direct electric current were simultaneously imposed on a sample under a certain period of the solidification.After the solidification,the microstructures were observed and compared each other. As the results,microstructure of the S45C steel under the simultaneous imposition of a static magnetic field of 1T and a direct electric current of 20A in the latter stage of its solidification was dendritic while it was globular if the electromagnetic force was imposed during the whole solidification period.
文摘This article is presenting history of stone casting and analysis of basalt raw materials assessment from other countries for stone casting technology and various basalts compositions were considered. Analytical methods for calculating composition of charge require a long calculation time and plotting diagrams, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. As a research significance, we have proposed an experimental calculation method for calculating raw materials after charging. Analysis of the composition, structure of basalts and charging materials were used in the stone casting technology. According to the comparison method, the required amount of charging materials was calculated for the Suluu-Terek 1, Suluu-Terek 2 and Berestovetsk deposits. The calculated data was confirmed by experimental melts in the process of stone casting.
