The 2nd Natural Product Synthesis-Young Investigator Forum(NPS-YIF)was held in Peking University Health Science Cen-ter,on June 16–19,2013,Beijing,China.The forum was hosted by the Division of Organic Chemistry,Chine...The 2nd Natural Product Synthesis-Young Investigator Forum(NPS-YIF)was held in Peking University Health Science Cen-ter,on June 16–19,2013,Beijing,China.The forum was hosted by the Division of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Chemical Society,organized by the State Key Laboratory ofNatural and Biomimetic Drugs,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University.In the symposiums,five domestic specialistsin natural product synthesis were invited to give plenary lectures,and 16 young investigators delivered excellent invited lectures.There were more than 60 distinguished young scholars from famous universities and research institutes and nearly 60 graduatestudents attended the event.展开更多
Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical neuroepithelium.One such signaling center is the cortical hem,...Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical neuroepithelium.One such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in mice.The cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)proteins.The cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).展开更多
The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)is the first space science satellite jointly developed on the Chinese mainland and in Macao region.It comprises two satellites,named MSS-1A and MSS-1B,and holds considerable importa...The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)is the first space science satellite jointly developed on the Chinese mainland and in Macao region.It comprises two satellites,named MSS-1A and MSS-1B,and holds considerable importance in China’s space exploration endeavors.Among these,MSS-1A is the world’s first high-precision scientific satellite dedicated to exploring the geomagnetic field and space environment at low latitudes.Equipped with two high-precision vector magnetometers and one scalar magnetometer,which are integrally installed on a highly stable nonmagnetic optical bench,the MSS-1A enables simultaneous high-precision measurements of both the Earth’s vector magnetic field and its scalar components.Its design integrates several state-of-the-art technologies,including arc-second-level thermal stability control,nonmagnetic thermal control for the optical bench,and ultra-high magnetic cleanliness control.These innovations effectively minimize magnetic interference originating from the satellite itself,thereby substantially improving the precision of geomagnetic field measurements and establishing a robust technical foundation for future magnetic survey satellite constellations.展开更多
Since the beginning of the 21st century,advances in big data and artificial intelligence have driven a paradigm shift in the geosciences,moving the field from qualitative descriptions toward quantitative analysis,from...Since the beginning of the 21st century,advances in big data and artificial intelligence have driven a paradigm shift in the geosciences,moving the field from qualitative descriptions toward quantitative analysis,from observing phenomena to uncovering underlying mechanisms,from regional-scale investigations to global perspectives,and from experience-based inference toward data-and model-enabled intelligent prediction.AlphaEarth Foundations(AEF)is a next-generation geospatial intelligence platform that addresses these changes by introducing a unified 64-dimensional shared embedding space,enabling-for the first time-standardized representation and seamless integration of 12 distinct types of Earth observation data,including optical,radar,and lidar.This framework significantly improves data assimilation efficiency and resolves the persistent problem of“data silos”in geoscience research.AEF is helping redefine research methodologies and fostering breakthroughs,particularly in quantitative Earth system science.This paper systematically examines how AEF’s innovative architecture-featuring multi-source data fusion,high-dimensional feature representation learning,and a scalable computational framework-facilitates intelligent,precise,and realtime data-driven geoscientific research.Using case studies from resource and environmental applications,we demonstrate AEF’s broad potential and identify emerging innovation needs.Our findings show that AEF not only enhances the efficiency of solving traditional geoscientific problems but also stimulates novel research directions and methodological approaches.展开更多
In this paper,we analyse the positioning of traditional science centre–style popular-science venues as a specific type of popular-science infrastructure.We also briefly elaborate on the enlightening role and value of...In this paper,we analyse the positioning of traditional science centre–style popular-science venues as a specific type of popular-science infrastructure.We also briefly elaborate on the enlightening role and value of science-history education for youth based on our own understanding.Through the analysis of these two aspects,we propose a‘reproduction’model of education on science history based on this type of popular-science venue and analyse the basic patterns that should be‘re-enacted’in exhibition design and the methods for selecting related science-history themes.展开更多
This study examined the development of technician teams on large-scale instrument platforms in universities,using the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs in the Peking University School of Pharmaceuti...This study examined the development of technician teams on large-scale instrument platforms in universities,using the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs in the Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences as a case study.Data were collected through questionnaire surveys and interviews conducted in 2017,followed by a questionnaire survey in 2023,offering both subjective and objective insights.The evolution of the platform’s technician team over the past 5 years was analyzed,highlighting key experiences and identifying ongoing challenges.Recommendations to enhance technician team development include recruiting skilled faculty,clearly defining job responsibilities,and refining the assessment and incentive systems.展开更多
Universities serve as pivotal platforms for cultivating postdoctoral talent,particularly in pharmaceutical sciences.This study provided an empirical assessment of the key determinants influencing research productivity...Universities serve as pivotal platforms for cultivating postdoctoral talent,particularly in pharmaceutical sciences.This study provided an empirical assessment of the key determinants influencing research productivity among postdoctoral fellows in this field.We analyzed a cohort of postdoctoral researchers who entered the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Peking University between October 2016 and December 2024,gathering comprehensive data on their demographic characteristics and scholarly accomplishments throughout their fellowship.Indicators of postdoctoral success encompassed securing research funding,publishing scholarly articles,and filing patent applications.To identify the principal factors shaping these outcomes,we employed logistic regression analysis.The findings demonstrated that postdoctoral fellows enrolled in incentive programs exhibited markedly higher success rates in acquiring research grants,especially high-tier funding,as well as in publishing both general and high-impact research articles.Conversely,fellows engaged in interdisciplinary research showed significantly reduced success rates in obtaining both general and high-level grants.Additionally,extended fellowship durations were positively correlated with greater likelihoods of publishing high-impact papers and achieving patents.Notably,postdoctoral fellows specializing in Pharmaceutical Analysis had a significantly higher probability of securing prestigious research grants,while those focusing on Pharmaceutics demonstrated a superior capacity for research publication.Regarding intellectual property,fellows mentored by supervisors with overseas experience were substantially more likely to obtain patents,whereas those guided by tenure-track supervisors exhibited lower patent acquisition rates.In light of these insights,we proposed several recommendations for postdoctoral management bodies within pharmaceutical academic institutions.These included refining selection criteria for postdoctoral candidates,amplifying support through incentive mechanisms,enhancing interdisciplinary fellows’integration into pharmaceutical research paradigms,and optimizing postdoctoral training frameworks to nurture academic excellence and research innovation.展开更多
Introduction:With the incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)increasing year by year,it is particularly important to intervene in the early stage of CKD(stages 1–3).Unfortunately,the effective drug treatment methods...Introduction:With the incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)increasing year by year,it is particularly important to intervene in the early stage of CKD(stages 1–3).Unfortunately,the effective drug treatment methods for CKD(stages 1–3)are lacking.Guben Tongluo Formula(GTF)is the experience formula of Professor Liqun He,a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)doctor in Shanghai.Our previous studies demonstrated that GTF might effectively alleviate CKD via multi-mechanisms.As the first angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist for treating hypertension,losartan potassium(LP)could effectively reduce blood pressure,decrease cardiovascular risk,and delay the occurrence of end-stage renal disease.Thus,we design this clinical protocol of GTF combining LP to observe the efficacy and safety of GTF and try to provide a novel drug treatment method for treating CKD(stages 1–3)patients.Methods and analysis:This is a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.160 participants will be enrolled in this trial and divided into LP group,GTF group,LP+GTF group,and placebo group randomly assigning 1:1:1:1 principle.LP group will receive general treatments combining LP,GTF group will receive general treatments combining GTF,and the GTF+LP group will receive general treatments combining GTF and LP.Placebo group will receive general treatments combining placebo treatment.The primary evaluation index will be the change of serum creatinine after treatment.Secondary evaluation indexes include changes in blood urea nitrogen,serum uric acid,estimated glomerular filtration rate,etc.;immune indicators and renal fibrosis indicators,as well as TCM symptoms.Besides,vital sign indicators and adverse events will be closely observed.Ethics and dissemination:The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(reference number:2024-7th-HIRB-094)and other ethics committees at each center.With the implementation of this clinical trial,it would offer a TCM formula for the treatment of CKD(stages 1–3)and clarify the underlying mechanism of GTF for alleviating CKD.Trial registration:This trial is registered with ChiCTR2400090125 and registered on September 24,2024.展开更多
In this paper,we develop an inexact symmetric proximal alternating direction method of multipliers(ISPADMM)with two convex combinations(ISPADMM-tcc)for solving two-block separable convex optimization problems with lin...In this paper,we develop an inexact symmetric proximal alternating direction method of multipliers(ISPADMM)with two convex combinations(ISPADMM-tcc)for solving two-block separable convex optimization problems with linear equality constraints.Specifically,the convex combination technique is incorporated into the proximal centers of both subproblems.We then approximately solve these two subproblems based on relative error criteria.The global convergence,and O(1/N)ergodic sublinear convergence rate measured by the function value residual and constraint violation are established under some mild conditions,where N denotes the number of iterations.Finally,numerical experiments on solving the l1-regularized analysis sparse recovery and the elastic net regularization regression problems illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
The somatotopic representation of specific body parts is a well-established spatial organizational principle in the primary somatosensory and motor cortices.
Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional proce...Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.展开更多
In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy...In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy as a pharmaceutical field that focuses on the science and practice of rational drug use.展开更多
BACKGROUND The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomic site remain unknown in northern China patients.AIM To analyze gastric cancer features and associated trends based on the anatomical site in northern Chin...BACKGROUND The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomic site remain unknown in northern China patients.AIM To analyze gastric cancer features and associated trends based on the anatomical site in northern China patients.METHODS This cross-sectional study used incident gastric cancer case data from 10 Peking University-affiliated hospitals(2014 to 2018).The clinical and prevailing local features were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 10709 patients were enrolled,including antral(42.97%),cardia(34.30%),and stomach body(18.41%)gastric cancer cases.Cancer in the cardia had the highest male:female ratio,proportion of elderly patients,and patients with complications,including hypertension,diabetes,cerebrovascular,and coronary diseases(P<0.001).gastric cancer involving the antrum showed the lowest proportion of patients from rural areas and accounted for the highest hospitalization rate and cost(each P<0.001).The proportion of patients with cancer involving the cardia increased with an increase in the number of gastroesophageal reflux disease cases during the same period(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor location in the cardia increased the risk of inhospital mortality(P=0.046).Anatomical subsite was not linked to postoperative complications.CONCLUSION The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomical site differ between northern China and other regions,both globally and within the country.Social factors may account for these differences and should affect policy-making and clinical practice.展开更多
Since 2011,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP).A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched,such as Dark Matter Particle Explo...Since 2011,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP).A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched,such as Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS),Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S),Einstein Probe(EP),and significant scientific outcomes have been achieved.In order to plan the future space science missions in China,CAS has organized the Chinese space science community to conduct medium and long-term development strategy studies,and summarized the major scientific frontiers of space science as“One Black,Two Dark,Three Origins and Five Characterizations”.Five main scientific themes have been identified for China’s future breakthroughs,including the Extreme Universe,Space-Time Ripples,the Panoramic View of the Sun and Earth,the Habitable Planets,and Biological&Physical Science in Space.Space science satellite missions to be implemented before 2030 are proposed accordingly.展开更多
Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)offers unparalleled atomic-resolution imaging of complex materials and heterogeneous structures.However,high-energy imaging electrons can induce structural damage,posing a challeng...Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)offers unparalleled atomic-resolution imaging of complex materials and heterogeneous structures.However,high-energy imaging electrons can induce structural damage,posing a challenge for electron-beam-sensitive materials.Cryogenic TEM(Cryo-TEM)has revolutionized structural biology,enabling the visualization of biomolecules in their near-native states at unprecedented detail.The low electron dose imaging and stable cryogenic environment in Cryo-TEM are now being harnessed for the investigation of electron-beam-sensitive materials and low-temperature quantum phenomena.Here,we present a systematic review of the interaction mechanisms between imaging electrons and atomic structures,illustrating the electron beam-induced damage and the mitigating role of Cryo-TEM.This review then explores the advancements in low-dose Cryo-TEM imaging for elucidating the structures of organic-based materials.Furthermore,we showcase the application of Cryo-TEM in the study of strongly correlated quantum materials,including the detection of charge order and novel topological spin textures.Finally,we discuss the future prospects of Cryo-TEM,emphasizing its transformative potential in unraveling the complexities of materials and phenomena across diverse scientific disciplines.展开更多
Tuning the coordination atoms of central metal is an effective means to improve the electrocatalytic activity of atomic catalysts.Herein,iridium(Ir) is proposed to be asymmetrically anchored by sp-N and pyridinic N of...Tuning the coordination atoms of central metal is an effective means to improve the electrocatalytic activity of atomic catalysts.Herein,iridium(Ir) is proposed to be asymmetrically anchored by sp-N and pyridinic N of hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne(HsGDY),and coordinated with OH as an Ir atomic catalyst(Ir_(1)-N-HsGDY).The electron structures,especially the d-band center of Ir atom,are optimized by these specific coordination atoms.Thus,the as-synthesized Ir_(1)-N-HsGDY exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performances for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions in both acidic and alkaline media.Benefiting from the unique structure of HsGDY,IrN_(2)(OH)_(3) has been developed and demonstrated to act as the active site in these electrochemical reactions.All those indicate the fresh role of the sp-N in graphdiyne in producing a new anchor way and contributing to promote the electrocatalytic activity,showing a new strategy to design novel electrochemical catalysts.展开更多
Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)is a clinical syndr-ome that frequently occurs in postmenopausal women,mostly induced by stress factors.It is characterized by chest pain,ST-segment elevation,and/or T-wave changes in electrocar...Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)is a clinical syndr-ome that frequently occurs in postmenopausal women,mostly induced by stress factors.It is characterized by chest pain,ST-segment elevation,and/or T-wave changes in electrocardiogram,along with my-ocardial troponin elevation.[1]TTS can be easily misdia-gnosed as myocardial infarction,and improper treatme-nt may lead to serious consequences.There are few re-ports and research on this disease.[2]展开更多
The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(NSSC,CAS),as the leading institute responsible for the overall management of scientific satellite missions in China,is China’s gateway to space sci...The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(NSSC,CAS),as the leading institute responsible for the overall management of scientific satellite missions in China,is China’s gateway to space science.NSSC is the cradle of China’s first artificial satellite“Dongfanghong-1”(DFH-1).In the course of more than 60 years’development,NSSC has led the implementation of“Double Star Program”,the first science-driven space mission in China,and successively implemented a fleet of scientific missions under the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(Phase I and II),such as the Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE,or Wukong),the Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS,or Micius),the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT,or Insight),the Taiji-1,the Advanced space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S,or Kuafu)and the Einstein Probe(EP).Currently,the space science satellite series has been established,yielding substantial scientific output.For the future,the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE),a China-ESA joint mission,will be launched in 2025.In addition,the newly released National Mid-and Long-term Program for Space Science Development in China(2024-2050),the first of its kind at the national level,has identified five key scientific themes.A fleet of future scientific missions revolving these themes will deepen mankind’s scientific understanding of the universe.展开更多
The article briefly reviews the development history of space science in China,from the preparation period in the 1950s and 1960s,the first science mission Double Star Program(DSP),to the current Strategic Priority Pro...The article briefly reviews the development history of space science in China,from the preparation period in the 1950s and 1960s,the first science mission Double Star Program(DSP),to the current Strategic Priority Program(SPP)on space science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).Both science objectives and payload technologies of the missions are addressed.The key management issues,such as longterm planning and the maximization of science output,are also mentioned.In addition,it also stresses the importance of international cooperation in space science.展开更多
Cloud computing is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field,where the demand for resources fluctuates continuously.This paper delves into the imperative need for adaptability in the allocation of resources to applications...Cloud computing is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field,where the demand for resources fluctuates continuously.This paper delves into the imperative need for adaptability in the allocation of resources to applications and services within cloud computing environments.The motivation stems from the pressing issue of accommodating fluctuating levels of user demand efficiently.By adhering to the proposed resource allocation method,we aim to achieve a substantial reduction in energy consumption.This reduction hinges on the precise and efficient allocation of resources to the tasks that require those most,aligning with the broader goal of sustainable and eco-friendly cloud computing systems.To enhance the resource allocation process,we introduce a novel knowledge-based optimization algorithm.In this study,we rigorously evaluate its efficacy by comparing it to existing algorithms,including the Flower Pollination Algorithm(FPA),Spark Lion Whale Optimization(SLWO),and Firefly Algo-rithm.Our findings reveal that our proposed algorithm,Knowledge Based Flower Pollination Algorithm(KB-FPA),consistently outperforms these conventional methods in both resource allocation efficiency and energy consumption reduction.This paper underscores the profound significance of resource allocation in the realm of cloud computing.By addressing the critical issue of adaptability and energy efficiency,it lays the groundwork for a more sustainable future in cloud computing systems.Our contribution to the field lies in the introduction of a new resource allocation strategy,offering the potential for significantly improved efficiency and sustainability within cloud computing infrastructures.展开更多
文摘The 2nd Natural Product Synthesis-Young Investigator Forum(NPS-YIF)was held in Peking University Health Science Cen-ter,on June 16–19,2013,Beijing,China.The forum was hosted by the Division of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Chemical Society,organized by the State Key Laboratory ofNatural and Biomimetic Drugs,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University.In the symposiums,five domestic specialistsin natural product synthesis were invited to give plenary lectures,and 16 young investigators delivered excellent invited lectures.There were more than 60 distinguished young scholars from famous universities and research institutes and nearly 60 graduatestudents attended the event.
基金supported by R01 NS093009 grant from NIH(to VVC).
文摘Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical neuroepithelium.One such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in mice.The cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)proteins.The cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).
文摘The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)is the first space science satellite jointly developed on the Chinese mainland and in Macao region.It comprises two satellites,named MSS-1A and MSS-1B,and holds considerable importance in China’s space exploration endeavors.Among these,MSS-1A is the world’s first high-precision scientific satellite dedicated to exploring the geomagnetic field and space environment at low latitudes.Equipped with two high-precision vector magnetometers and one scalar magnetometer,which are integrally installed on a highly stable nonmagnetic optical bench,the MSS-1A enables simultaneous high-precision measurements of both the Earth’s vector magnetic field and its scalar components.Its design integrates several state-of-the-art technologies,including arc-second-level thermal stability control,nonmagnetic thermal control for the optical bench,and ultra-high magnetic cleanliness control.These innovations effectively minimize magnetic interference originating from the satellite itself,thereby substantially improving the precision of geomagnetic field measurements and establishing a robust technical foundation for future magnetic survey satellite constellations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Project(No.42050103)Higher Education Disciplinary Innovation Program(No.B25052)+2 种基金the Guangdong Pearl River Talent Program Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team Project(No.2021ZT09H399)the Ministry of Education’s Frontiers Science Center for Deep-Time Digital Earth(DDE)(No.2652023001)Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey(DD20240206201)。
文摘Since the beginning of the 21st century,advances in big data and artificial intelligence have driven a paradigm shift in the geosciences,moving the field from qualitative descriptions toward quantitative analysis,from observing phenomena to uncovering underlying mechanisms,from regional-scale investigations to global perspectives,and from experience-based inference toward data-and model-enabled intelligent prediction.AlphaEarth Foundations(AEF)is a next-generation geospatial intelligence platform that addresses these changes by introducing a unified 64-dimensional shared embedding space,enabling-for the first time-standardized representation and seamless integration of 12 distinct types of Earth observation data,including optical,radar,and lidar.This framework significantly improves data assimilation efficiency and resolves the persistent problem of“data silos”in geoscience research.AEF is helping redefine research methodologies and fostering breakthroughs,particularly in quantitative Earth system science.This paper systematically examines how AEF’s innovative architecture-featuring multi-source data fusion,high-dimensional feature representation learning,and a scalable computational framework-facilitates intelligent,precise,and realtime data-driven geoscientific research.Using case studies from resource and environmental applications,we demonstrate AEF’s broad potential and identify emerging innovation needs.Our findings show that AEF not only enhances the efficiency of solving traditional geoscientific problems but also stimulates novel research directions and methodological approaches.
文摘In this paper,we analyse the positioning of traditional science centre–style popular-science venues as a specific type of popular-science infrastructure.We also briefly elaborate on the enlightening role and value of science-history education for youth based on our own understanding.Through the analysis of these two aspects,we propose a‘reproduction’model of education on science history based on this type of popular-science venue and analyse the basic patterns that should be‘re-enacted’in exhibition design and the methods for selecting related science-history themes.
文摘This study examined the development of technician teams on large-scale instrument platforms in universities,using the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs in the Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences as a case study.Data were collected through questionnaire surveys and interviews conducted in 2017,followed by a questionnaire survey in 2023,offering both subjective and objective insights.The evolution of the platform’s technician team over the past 5 years was analyzed,highlighting key experiences and identifying ongoing challenges.Recommendations to enhance technician team development include recruiting skilled faculty,clearly defining job responsibilities,and refining the assessment and incentive systems.
文摘Universities serve as pivotal platforms for cultivating postdoctoral talent,particularly in pharmaceutical sciences.This study provided an empirical assessment of the key determinants influencing research productivity among postdoctoral fellows in this field.We analyzed a cohort of postdoctoral researchers who entered the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Peking University between October 2016 and December 2024,gathering comprehensive data on their demographic characteristics and scholarly accomplishments throughout their fellowship.Indicators of postdoctoral success encompassed securing research funding,publishing scholarly articles,and filing patent applications.To identify the principal factors shaping these outcomes,we employed logistic regression analysis.The findings demonstrated that postdoctoral fellows enrolled in incentive programs exhibited markedly higher success rates in acquiring research grants,especially high-tier funding,as well as in publishing both general and high-impact research articles.Conversely,fellows engaged in interdisciplinary research showed significantly reduced success rates in obtaining both general and high-level grants.Additionally,extended fellowship durations were positively correlated with greater likelihoods of publishing high-impact papers and achieving patents.Notably,postdoctoral fellows specializing in Pharmaceutical Analysis had a significantly higher probability of securing prestigious research grants,while those focusing on Pharmaceutics demonstrated a superior capacity for research publication.Regarding intellectual property,fellows mentored by supervisors with overseas experience were substantially more likely to obtain patents,whereas those guided by tenure-track supervisors exhibited lower patent acquisition rates.In light of these insights,we proposed several recommendations for postdoctoral management bodies within pharmaceutical academic institutions.These included refining selection criteria for postdoctoral candidates,amplifying support through incentive mechanisms,enhancing interdisciplinary fellows’integration into pharmaceutical research paradigms,and optimizing postdoctoral training frameworks to nurture academic excellence and research innovation.
基金supported by grants from Pudong New Area Traditional Chinese Medicine Brand Multiplication Plan-Chronic Nephropathy(PDZY-2021-0302)Construction of He Liqun’s famous TCM studio(PDZY-2022-0703)+2 种基金Clinical Observation on the Efficacy of Guben Tongluo Formula in Treating Chronic Kidney Disease Phase 1-3(PW2022D-12)Pilot Project of Inheritance,Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pudong New Area(YC-2023-0602)Pudong New Area’s Peak and Plateau Discipline Development in Clinical Medicine for Novel and Special Diseases(2025-PWXZ-15).
文摘Introduction:With the incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)increasing year by year,it is particularly important to intervene in the early stage of CKD(stages 1–3).Unfortunately,the effective drug treatment methods for CKD(stages 1–3)are lacking.Guben Tongluo Formula(GTF)is the experience formula of Professor Liqun He,a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)doctor in Shanghai.Our previous studies demonstrated that GTF might effectively alleviate CKD via multi-mechanisms.As the first angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist for treating hypertension,losartan potassium(LP)could effectively reduce blood pressure,decrease cardiovascular risk,and delay the occurrence of end-stage renal disease.Thus,we design this clinical protocol of GTF combining LP to observe the efficacy and safety of GTF and try to provide a novel drug treatment method for treating CKD(stages 1–3)patients.Methods and analysis:This is a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.160 participants will be enrolled in this trial and divided into LP group,GTF group,LP+GTF group,and placebo group randomly assigning 1:1:1:1 principle.LP group will receive general treatments combining LP,GTF group will receive general treatments combining GTF,and the GTF+LP group will receive general treatments combining GTF and LP.Placebo group will receive general treatments combining placebo treatment.The primary evaluation index will be the change of serum creatinine after treatment.Secondary evaluation indexes include changes in blood urea nitrogen,serum uric acid,estimated glomerular filtration rate,etc.;immune indicators and renal fibrosis indicators,as well as TCM symptoms.Besides,vital sign indicators and adverse events will be closely observed.Ethics and dissemination:The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(reference number:2024-7th-HIRB-094)and other ethics committees at each center.With the implementation of this clinical trial,it would offer a TCM formula for the treatment of CKD(stages 1–3)and clarify the underlying mechanism of GTF for alleviating CKD.Trial registration:This trial is registered with ChiCTR2400090125 and registered on September 24,2024.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12171106)the Guangxi Science and Technology Program(AD23023001)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2023GXNSFBA026029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12401403,12361063)the Research Project of Guangxi Minzu University(2022KJQD03)the Middle-aged and Young Teachers’Basic Ability Promotion Project of Guangxi Province(2023KY0168)the Xiangsihu Young Scholars Innovative Research Team of Guangxi Minzu University(2022GXUNXSHQN04).
文摘In this paper,we develop an inexact symmetric proximal alternating direction method of multipliers(ISPADMM)with two convex combinations(ISPADMM-tcc)for solving two-block separable convex optimization problems with linear equality constraints.Specifically,the convex combination technique is incorporated into the proximal centers of both subproblems.We then approximately solve these two subproblems based on relative error criteria.The global convergence,and O(1/N)ergodic sublinear convergence rate measured by the function value residual and constraint violation are established under some mild conditions,where N denotes the number of iterations.Finally,numerical experiments on solving the l1-regularized analysis sparse recovery and the elastic net regularization regression problems illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘The somatotopic representation of specific body parts is a well-established spatial organizational principle in the primary somatosensory and motor cortices.
文摘Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.
文摘In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy as a pharmaceutical field that focuses on the science and practice of rational drug use.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972702,No.91959110,and No.62173005reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital(Approval No.IRB00006761-M2019387).
文摘BACKGROUND The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomic site remain unknown in northern China patients.AIM To analyze gastric cancer features and associated trends based on the anatomical site in northern China patients.METHODS This cross-sectional study used incident gastric cancer case data from 10 Peking University-affiliated hospitals(2014 to 2018).The clinical and prevailing local features were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 10709 patients were enrolled,including antral(42.97%),cardia(34.30%),and stomach body(18.41%)gastric cancer cases.Cancer in the cardia had the highest male:female ratio,proportion of elderly patients,and patients with complications,including hypertension,diabetes,cerebrovascular,and coronary diseases(P<0.001).gastric cancer involving the antrum showed the lowest proportion of patients from rural areas and accounted for the highest hospitalization rate and cost(each P<0.001).The proportion of patients with cancer involving the cardia increased with an increase in the number of gastroesophageal reflux disease cases during the same period(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor location in the cardia increased the risk of inhospital mortality(P=0.046).Anatomical subsite was not linked to postoperative complications.CONCLUSION The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomical site differ between northern China and other regions,both globally and within the country.Social factors may account for these differences and should affect policy-making and clinical practice.
基金Supported by Consultation and Evaluation Program on Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022-DX02-B-007)。
文摘Since 2011,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP).A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched,such as Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS),Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S),Einstein Probe(EP),and significant scientific outcomes have been achieved.In order to plan the future space science missions in China,CAS has organized the Chinese space science community to conduct medium and long-term development strategy studies,and summarized the major scientific frontiers of space science as“One Black,Two Dark,Three Origins and Five Characterizations”.Five main scientific themes have been identified for China’s future breakthroughs,including the Extreme Universe,Space-Time Ripples,the Panoramic View of the Sun and Earth,the Habitable Planets,and Biological&Physical Science in Space.Space science satellite missions to be implemented before 2030 are proposed accordingly.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11974156)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program (Grant No.2019ZT08C044)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant Nos.KQTD20190929173815000 and 20200925161102001)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (Grant No.ZDSYS20190902092905285)。
文摘Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)offers unparalleled atomic-resolution imaging of complex materials and heterogeneous structures.However,high-energy imaging electrons can induce structural damage,posing a challenge for electron-beam-sensitive materials.Cryogenic TEM(Cryo-TEM)has revolutionized structural biology,enabling the visualization of biomolecules in their near-native states at unprecedented detail.The low electron dose imaging and stable cryogenic environment in Cryo-TEM are now being harnessed for the investigation of electron-beam-sensitive materials and low-temperature quantum phenomena.Here,we present a systematic review of the interaction mechanisms between imaging electrons and atomic structures,illustrating the electron beam-induced damage and the mitigating role of Cryo-TEM.This review then explores the advancements in low-dose Cryo-TEM imaging for elucidating the structures of organic-based materials.Furthermore,we showcase the application of Cryo-TEM in the study of strongly correlated quantum materials,including the detection of charge order and novel topological spin textures.Finally,we discuss the future prospects of Cryo-TEM,emphasizing its transformative potential in unraveling the complexities of materials and phenomena across diverse scientific disciplines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172090,21790051)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2022YFA1204500,2022YFA1204501)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shan-dong Province(ZR2021MB015)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry(SKLEAC202202)the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University。
文摘Tuning the coordination atoms of central metal is an effective means to improve the electrocatalytic activity of atomic catalysts.Herein,iridium(Ir) is proposed to be asymmetrically anchored by sp-N and pyridinic N of hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne(HsGDY),and coordinated with OH as an Ir atomic catalyst(Ir_(1)-N-HsGDY).The electron structures,especially the d-band center of Ir atom,are optimized by these specific coordination atoms.Thus,the as-synthesized Ir_(1)-N-HsGDY exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performances for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions in both acidic and alkaline media.Benefiting from the unique structure of HsGDY,IrN_(2)(OH)_(3) has been developed and demonstrated to act as the active site in these electrochemical reactions.All those indicate the fresh role of the sp-N in graphdiyne in producing a new anchor way and contributing to promote the electrocatalytic activity,showing a new strategy to design novel electrochemical catalysts.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81800250)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M711417)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(MS-2023137)the Yangzhou Science and Technology Plan Social Development Project(YZ2023096).
文摘Takotsubo syndrome(TTS)is a clinical syndr-ome that frequently occurs in postmenopausal women,mostly induced by stress factors.It is characterized by chest pain,ST-segment elevation,and/or T-wave changes in electrocardiogram,along with my-ocardial troponin elevation.[1]TTS can be easily misdia-gnosed as myocardial infarction,and improper treatme-nt may lead to serious consequences.There are few re-ports and research on this disease.[2]
文摘The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(NSSC,CAS),as the leading institute responsible for the overall management of scientific satellite missions in China,is China’s gateway to space science.NSSC is the cradle of China’s first artificial satellite“Dongfanghong-1”(DFH-1).In the course of more than 60 years’development,NSSC has led the implementation of“Double Star Program”,the first science-driven space mission in China,and successively implemented a fleet of scientific missions under the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(Phase I and II),such as the Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE,or Wukong),the Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS,or Micius),the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT,or Insight),the Taiji-1,the Advanced space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S,or Kuafu)and the Einstein Probe(EP).Currently,the space science satellite series has been established,yielding substantial scientific output.For the future,the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE),a China-ESA joint mission,will be launched in 2025.In addition,the newly released National Mid-and Long-term Program for Space Science Development in China(2024-2050),the first of its kind at the national level,has identified five key scientific themes.A fleet of future scientific missions revolving these themes will deepen mankind’s scientific understanding of the universe.
文摘The article briefly reviews the development history of space science in China,from the preparation period in the 1950s and 1960s,the first science mission Double Star Program(DSP),to the current Strategic Priority Program(SPP)on space science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).Both science objectives and payload technologies of the missions are addressed.The key management issues,such as longterm planning and the maximization of science output,are also mentioned.In addition,it also stresses the importance of international cooperation in space science.
基金supported by the Ministerio Espanol de Ciencia e Innovación under Project Number PID2020-115570GB-C22 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the Cátedra de Empresa Tecnología para las Personas(UGR-Fujitsu).
文摘Cloud computing is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field,where the demand for resources fluctuates continuously.This paper delves into the imperative need for adaptability in the allocation of resources to applications and services within cloud computing environments.The motivation stems from the pressing issue of accommodating fluctuating levels of user demand efficiently.By adhering to the proposed resource allocation method,we aim to achieve a substantial reduction in energy consumption.This reduction hinges on the precise and efficient allocation of resources to the tasks that require those most,aligning with the broader goal of sustainable and eco-friendly cloud computing systems.To enhance the resource allocation process,we introduce a novel knowledge-based optimization algorithm.In this study,we rigorously evaluate its efficacy by comparing it to existing algorithms,including the Flower Pollination Algorithm(FPA),Spark Lion Whale Optimization(SLWO),and Firefly Algo-rithm.Our findings reveal that our proposed algorithm,Knowledge Based Flower Pollination Algorithm(KB-FPA),consistently outperforms these conventional methods in both resource allocation efficiency and energy consumption reduction.This paper underscores the profound significance of resource allocation in the realm of cloud computing.By addressing the critical issue of adaptability and energy efficiency,it lays the groundwork for a more sustainable future in cloud computing systems.Our contribution to the field lies in the introduction of a new resource allocation strategy,offering the potential for significantly improved efficiency and sustainability within cloud computing infrastructures.
