A self-learning fractal interpolation algorithm to construct synthetic fields with statistical properties close to real turbulence is proposed.Different from our previous work[Phys.Rev.E 84(2011)026328,82(2010)036311]...A self-learning fractal interpolation algorithm to construct synthetic fields with statistical properties close to real turbulence is proposed.Different from our previous work[Phys.Rev.E 84(2011)026328,82(2010)036311],the position mapping and stretching factors between the adjacent large and small scales are learned from the initial information.Using this method,a turbulence-like field with K41 spectra and without dissipation is constructed well through a coarse grid velocity signal from one experiment's data.After filtering the interpolated signal appropriately,the probability distribution of velocity,velocity structure functions and the anomalous scaling law of the synthetic field are close to those of the original signal.展开更多
Pathogenic African swine fever virus(ASFV)remains a lethal causative agent in the domestic pig industry,which poses a burden on the swine market and causes substantial socioeconomic losses worldwide.Currently,there ar...Pathogenic African swine fever virus(ASFV)remains a lethal causative agent in the domestic pig industry,which poses a burden on the swine market and causes substantial socioeconomic losses worldwide.Currently,there are no commercially efcacious vaccines or specifc treatments available for ASF prevention and control.Unfortunately,little is known about the swine immune response upon ASFV infection.Here,we investigated the host immune response discrepancy induced by the feld moderately virulent strain ASFV HB-2208 among healthy,diseased and asymptomatic pigs.In the peripheral blood of diseased swine,lymphopenia is caused by the massive loss of bystander lymphocytes,such asγδT cells,B cells and CD4^(+)T cells.Conversely,ASFV has a strong tropism for the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)and partial dendritic cells(DCs),whose antigen-presenting ability is impeded by the downregulation of CD80 and MHC I.However,no signifcant diference in the number of CD8α^(high) T cells was detected,whereas the frequencies of NK cells,NKT cells,and regulatory T cells(Tregs)were signifcantly increased.Additionally,an in vitro model was established with a coculture of primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs)and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),which signifcantly reducedγδT cells,B cells and CD4^(+)T cells and increased Tregs.The diferentiated immune response might aid in enhancing the understanding of ASFV pathogenesis in suids and provide insights into the mechanism of ASFV-induced lymphopenia for further studies.展开更多
The golden mushroom(Floccularia luteovirens),a nutritionally valuable edible fungus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,exhibits significant quality heterogeneity across different geographical origins.This study empl...The golden mushroom(Floccularia luteovirens),a nutritionally valuable edible fungus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,exhibits significant quality heterogeneity across different geographical origins.This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/ToFMS)-based metabolomics integrated with multivariate analyses to authenticate specimens from Ganzi(Sichuan,SC),Haibei(Qinghai,QH),and Naqu(Xizang,XZ).Principal component analysis(PCA;Q^(2)>0.98,R2Y>0.99)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA;Q^(2)>0.98,R2Y>0.98)confirmed robust geographical discrimination,identifying 52 lipid-dominated markers as critical discriminators.Region-specific markers included triacylglycerols(TG)(54:6),phosphatidylinositols(PI)(18:2/18:2),phosphatidic acids(PA)(18:2/18:2),diacylglycerols(DG)(33:3),and bioactive compounds(e.g.,N-linoleoyl-γ-aminobutyric acid,epoxymurin A)in XZ;phosphatidylcholines(PC)(16:0/18:2),lysophosphatidylserines(LysoPS)(16:0),ergocalciferol,and hydroxylated fatty acids((9Z,12Z)-15,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid(dihydroxyoctadecadienoic acid,DiHODE),2-β-methoxy-1-α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)in QH;and cerebrosides,ceramides(Cer)(t20:0/22:0(2OH)),and saturated lipid derivatives(PA)(24:0/24:0)in SC.Nutritional profiling revealed that XZ had the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(49.94%)and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity(18.34%/mg),whereas QH exhibited superior 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)inhibition(87.62%/mg).Lipidomics analysis indicated that XZ’s lipid profile was enriched in polyunsaturated species(e.g.,9-hexadecenoic acid,tricosanoic acid),while QH was characterized by omega-3 fatty acids(9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid)and SC by medium-chain fatty acids(decanoic acid).Key biochemical differences included peak crude and soluble protein levels in XZ(433.5 mg/g and 83.96 mg/g,respectively),whereas QH exhibited the highest free amino acid content(37.58 mg/g).Hydrolyzed amino acid composition varied by region,with SC displaying the lowest leucine(Leu)and alanine(Ala)concentrations.In terms of polysaccharide and polyphenol contents,SC contained the highest polysaccharide levels(116.72 mg/g),whereas QH had the highest polyphenol content(3.64 mg/g).Antioxidant assays further validated origin-dependent bioactivity,with XZ exhibiting the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,while SC displayed the lowest DPPH/ABTS activities(73.91%/mg;0.2 nM trolox/mg)and FRAP values(0.31 mM FeSO4/mg).This metabolomics-driven framework establishes a reliable tool for geographical authentication,supporting quality control and the sustainable utilization of golden mushroom resources in functional food industries.展开更多
High-capacity anode materials,such as SiO and Si/C,are considered promising candidates for high-energydensity lithium-ion batteries.However,the low initial Coulombic efficiency of these anode materials induced by side...High-capacity anode materials,such as SiO and Si/C,are considered promising candidates for high-energydensity lithium-ion batteries.However,the low initial Coulombic efficiency of these anode materials induced by side reactions(forming Li_(2)O and lithium silicate)and the formation of solid electrolyte interface film reduces the active Liions and causes low-discharge capacity.Adding a Li-compensation material in the cathode or anode is an effective strategy to overcome this problem.The most used Li-compensation material is the stabilized lithium metal powder.However,this strategy has high safety risks,high costs,and is challenging to quantify.Herein,the Li-compensation material of Li_(6)CoO_(4) is synthesized and investigated.The preparation conditions,stability in the air,delithiation mechanism,and structural transformation are analyzed and discussed.Electrochemical tests reveal that the discharge capacity and capacity retention of the full pouch cells(3-Ah)with Li_(6)CoO_(4) additive is significantly improved.Also,the reason for such improvement is investigated.This work provides an effective strategy of Li-compensating technology to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Metropolitan areas have become very important subjects at political,social and economic levels.They draw information from sources of data and official statistics aimed to operate classification in a quite static way.I...Metropolitan areas have become very important subjects at political,social and economic levels.They draw information from sources of data and official statistics aimed to operate classification in a quite static way.In parallel,the idea of a smart city has been largely promoted in recent years,becoming a paradigm of continuous transformation.However,cities have been called smart in so many ways that it is almost impossible to formulate any generally accepted prioritization.Owing to the role of social media,which is now dominant in modern societies,we evaluate the impact of urban networks in the metropolitan area context.In particular,we revisit the latter in light of the functions of networks referred to transportation systems and‘big data’associated to them.We measure the impact of both transportation networks and big data networks,establishing their centrality and addressing the current needs.展开更多
Accurate influent flow rate prediction is important for operators and managers at wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),as it is closely related to wastewater characteristics such as biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),total ...Accurate influent flow rate prediction is important for operators and managers at wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),as it is closely related to wastewater characteristics such as biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),total suspend solids(TSS),and pH.Previous studies have been conducted to predict influent flow rate,and it was proved that data-driven models are effective tools.However,most of these studies have focused on batch learning,which is inadequate for wastewater prediction in the era of COVID-19 as the influent pattern changed significantly.Online learning,which has distinct advantages of dealing with stream data,large data set,and changing data pattern,has a potential to address this issue.In this study,the performance of conventional batch learning models Random Forest(RF),K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),and their respective online learning models Adaptive Random Forest(aRF),Adaptive K-Nearest Neighbors(aKNN),and Adaptive Multi-Layer Perceptron(aMLP),were compared for predicting influent flow rate at two Canadian WWTPs.Online learning models achieved the highest R2,the lowest MAPE,and the lowest RMSE compared to conventional batch learning models in all scenarios.The R2 values on testing data set for 24-h ahead prediction of the aRF,aKNN,and aMLP at Plant A were 0.90,0.73,and 0.87,respectively;these values at Plant B were 0.75,0.78,and 0.56,respectively.The proposed online learning models are effective in making reliable predictions under changing data patterns,and they are efficient in dealing with continuous and large influent data streams.They can be used to provide robust decision support for wastewater treatment and management in the changing era of COVID-19 and also under other unprecedented emergencies that could change influent patterns.展开更多
Despite of the advances in clinical imaging and applied research in proteomic biomarkers,liver cancer,especially hepatocellular carcinoma remains detected at the very late and advanced stages when curable treatments a...Despite of the advances in clinical imaging and applied research in proteomic biomarkers,liver cancer,especially hepatocellular carcinoma remains detected at the very late and advanced stages when curable treatments are unavailable and ineffective.In this regard,there are still huge unmet medical needs in developing and clinically validating those high-potential protein biomarkers preferably in liquid biopsy samples.This review provides a glimpse of emerging biomarkers together with detection tools and techniques which are potentially commercially available to the markets.We also discuss several diagnostic biomarkers having therapeutic potential for developing first-in-class medicines.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2009CB724100.
文摘A self-learning fractal interpolation algorithm to construct synthetic fields with statistical properties close to real turbulence is proposed.Different from our previous work[Phys.Rev.E 84(2011)026328,82(2010)036311],the position mapping and stretching factors between the adjacent large and small scales are learned from the initial information.Using this method,a turbulence-like field with K41 spectra and without dissipation is constructed well through a coarse grid velocity signal from one experiment's data.After filtering the interpolated signal appropriately,the probability distribution of velocity,velocity structure functions and the anomalous scaling law of the synthetic field are close to those of the original signal.
基金support provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172873 and 31941005)the National Programme on Key Research Project of China(2021YFD1800105-2)National Natural Sciences Foundation of China,32172873,Min Cui,31941005,Min Cui,National Programme on Key Research Project of China,2021YFD1800105-2,Min Cui。
文摘Pathogenic African swine fever virus(ASFV)remains a lethal causative agent in the domestic pig industry,which poses a burden on the swine market and causes substantial socioeconomic losses worldwide.Currently,there are no commercially efcacious vaccines or specifc treatments available for ASF prevention and control.Unfortunately,little is known about the swine immune response upon ASFV infection.Here,we investigated the host immune response discrepancy induced by the feld moderately virulent strain ASFV HB-2208 among healthy,diseased and asymptomatic pigs.In the peripheral blood of diseased swine,lymphopenia is caused by the massive loss of bystander lymphocytes,such asγδT cells,B cells and CD4^(+)T cells.Conversely,ASFV has a strong tropism for the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)and partial dendritic cells(DCs),whose antigen-presenting ability is impeded by the downregulation of CD80 and MHC I.However,no signifcant diference in the number of CD8α^(high) T cells was detected,whereas the frequencies of NK cells,NKT cells,and regulatory T cells(Tregs)were signifcantly increased.Additionally,an in vitro model was established with a coculture of primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs)and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),which signifcantly reducedγδT cells,B cells and CD4^(+)T cells and increased Tregs.The diferentiated immune response might aid in enhancing the understanding of ASFV pathogenesis in suids and provide insights into the mechanism of ASFV-induced lymphopenia for further studies.
基金supported by Young Scholar Innovation Project from Xizang Autonomous Region(QC 2015-76,QCZ 2016-83)Program for Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Construction in Universities of Xizang Autonomous Region(Xizang Vocational Technical College 2014-2017).
文摘The golden mushroom(Floccularia luteovirens),a nutritionally valuable edible fungus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,exhibits significant quality heterogeneity across different geographical origins.This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/ToFMS)-based metabolomics integrated with multivariate analyses to authenticate specimens from Ganzi(Sichuan,SC),Haibei(Qinghai,QH),and Naqu(Xizang,XZ).Principal component analysis(PCA;Q^(2)>0.98,R2Y>0.99)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA;Q^(2)>0.98,R2Y>0.98)confirmed robust geographical discrimination,identifying 52 lipid-dominated markers as critical discriminators.Region-specific markers included triacylglycerols(TG)(54:6),phosphatidylinositols(PI)(18:2/18:2),phosphatidic acids(PA)(18:2/18:2),diacylglycerols(DG)(33:3),and bioactive compounds(e.g.,N-linoleoyl-γ-aminobutyric acid,epoxymurin A)in XZ;phosphatidylcholines(PC)(16:0/18:2),lysophosphatidylserines(LysoPS)(16:0),ergocalciferol,and hydroxylated fatty acids((9Z,12Z)-15,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid(dihydroxyoctadecadienoic acid,DiHODE),2-β-methoxy-1-α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)in QH;and cerebrosides,ceramides(Cer)(t20:0/22:0(2OH)),and saturated lipid derivatives(PA)(24:0/24:0)in SC.Nutritional profiling revealed that XZ had the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(49.94%)and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity(18.34%/mg),whereas QH exhibited superior 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)inhibition(87.62%/mg).Lipidomics analysis indicated that XZ’s lipid profile was enriched in polyunsaturated species(e.g.,9-hexadecenoic acid,tricosanoic acid),while QH was characterized by omega-3 fatty acids(9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid)and SC by medium-chain fatty acids(decanoic acid).Key biochemical differences included peak crude and soluble protein levels in XZ(433.5 mg/g and 83.96 mg/g,respectively),whereas QH exhibited the highest free amino acid content(37.58 mg/g).Hydrolyzed amino acid composition varied by region,with SC displaying the lowest leucine(Leu)and alanine(Ala)concentrations.In terms of polysaccharide and polyphenol contents,SC contained the highest polysaccharide levels(116.72 mg/g),whereas QH had the highest polyphenol content(3.64 mg/g).Antioxidant assays further validated origin-dependent bioactivity,with XZ exhibiting the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,while SC displayed the lowest DPPH/ABTS activities(73.91%/mg;0.2 nM trolox/mg)and FRAP values(0.31 mM FeSO4/mg).This metabolomics-driven framework establishes a reliable tool for geographical authentication,supporting quality control and the sustainable utilization of golden mushroom resources in functional food industries.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0100500)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Tianjin(TJSQNTJ-2017-05)。
文摘High-capacity anode materials,such as SiO and Si/C,are considered promising candidates for high-energydensity lithium-ion batteries.However,the low initial Coulombic efficiency of these anode materials induced by side reactions(forming Li_(2)O and lithium silicate)and the formation of solid electrolyte interface film reduces the active Liions and causes low-discharge capacity.Adding a Li-compensation material in the cathode or anode is an effective strategy to overcome this problem.The most used Li-compensation material is the stabilized lithium metal powder.However,this strategy has high safety risks,high costs,and is challenging to quantify.Herein,the Li-compensation material of Li_(6)CoO_(4) is synthesized and investigated.The preparation conditions,stability in the air,delithiation mechanism,and structural transformation are analyzed and discussed.Electrochemical tests reveal that the discharge capacity and capacity retention of the full pouch cells(3-Ah)with Li_(6)CoO_(4) additive is significantly improved.Also,the reason for such improvement is investigated.This work provides an effective strategy of Li-compensating technology to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries.
文摘Metropolitan areas have become very important subjects at political,social and economic levels.They draw information from sources of data and official statistics aimed to operate classification in a quite static way.In parallel,the idea of a smart city has been largely promoted in recent years,becoming a paradigm of continuous transformation.However,cities have been called smart in so many ways that it is almost impossible to formulate any generally accepted prioritization.Owing to the role of social media,which is now dominant in modern societies,we evaluate the impact of urban networks in the metropolitan area context.In particular,we revisit the latter in light of the functions of networks referred to transportation systems and‘big data’associated to them.We measure the impact of both transportation networks and big data networks,establishing their centrality and addressing the current needs.
文摘Accurate influent flow rate prediction is important for operators and managers at wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),as it is closely related to wastewater characteristics such as biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),total suspend solids(TSS),and pH.Previous studies have been conducted to predict influent flow rate,and it was proved that data-driven models are effective tools.However,most of these studies have focused on batch learning,which is inadequate for wastewater prediction in the era of COVID-19 as the influent pattern changed significantly.Online learning,which has distinct advantages of dealing with stream data,large data set,and changing data pattern,has a potential to address this issue.In this study,the performance of conventional batch learning models Random Forest(RF),K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),and their respective online learning models Adaptive Random Forest(aRF),Adaptive K-Nearest Neighbors(aKNN),and Adaptive Multi-Layer Perceptron(aMLP),were compared for predicting influent flow rate at two Canadian WWTPs.Online learning models achieved the highest R2,the lowest MAPE,and the lowest RMSE compared to conventional batch learning models in all scenarios.The R2 values on testing data set for 24-h ahead prediction of the aRF,aKNN,and aMLP at Plant A were 0.90,0.73,and 0.87,respectively;these values at Plant B were 0.75,0.78,and 0.56,respectively.The proposed online learning models are effective in making reliable predictions under changing data patterns,and they are efficient in dealing with continuous and large influent data streams.They can be used to provide robust decision support for wastewater treatment and management in the changing era of COVID-19 and also under other unprecedented emergencies that could change influent patterns.
基金Chia TS and Wong KF are partly supported by the Postdoctoral Hub Programme of the Innovation and Technology Commission of the Government of HKSAR
文摘Despite of the advances in clinical imaging and applied research in proteomic biomarkers,liver cancer,especially hepatocellular carcinoma remains detected at the very late and advanced stages when curable treatments are unavailable and ineffective.In this regard,there are still huge unmet medical needs in developing and clinically validating those high-potential protein biomarkers preferably in liquid biopsy samples.This review provides a glimpse of emerging biomarkers together with detection tools and techniques which are potentially commercially available to the markets.We also discuss several diagnostic biomarkers having therapeutic potential for developing first-in-class medicines.
