Background:Patients with cancer are confronted not only with physical changes and pain but also with significant psychological challenges,including distress,anxiety,and depression,as a consequence of their diagnosis a...Background:Patients with cancer are confronted not only with physical changes and pain but also with significant psychological challenges,including distress,anxiety,and depression,as a consequence of their diagnosis and treatment.This study aimed to identify the factors influencing anxiety or depression in patientswith cancer,examine the relationship between the duration since cancer diagnosis and psychological state,and explore the association between these factors and the use of Korean medicine(KM).Methods:This study utilized data from the 2018 Korea Health Panel spanning 2008 to 2018.The analysis focused on adult participants(aged 19 and above)diagnosed with cancer who responded to their psychological state(i.e.,anxiety or depression)and the duration since their cancer diagnosis.The dependent variables were the presence of anxiety or depression and the utilization of KM.Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate factors influencing these variables.Results:A total of 773 participants were included in the final analysis,of whom 214 reported prior KM experience.Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the likelihood of experiencing anxiety or depression decreased as the duration since cancer diagnosis increased.Factors associated with anxiety or depression in patients with cancer included sex(odds ratio[OR]=2.06),number of chronic diseases(OR=1.17),Charlson Comorbidity Index score(CCI score of 2:OR=1.60),and EQ-5D(EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire)index(OR<0.001).Cancer patients without anxiety or depression were more likely to use KM if they had been diagnosed within three years,were female(OR=2.11),and had a higher number of chronic conditions(OR=1.20).In contrast,patients with anxiety or depression were more likely to utilizeKMif theyhadbeendiagnosed formore thanfive years(OR=6.30)and resided in urban areas.Conclusions:The results suggest that patterns of KM utilization among patients with cancer are associated with their psychological state.Future research should focus on identifying direct correlations between psychological factors and KM use in patients with cancer.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We searched four representing databases, including Pub Med...Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We searched four representing databases, including Pub Med, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies(CAMARADE) checklist. Results: A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. Conclusions: This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of San-Huang-Xie-XinTang(SHXXT), a herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine, on gastrointestinal(GI) motility in mice.METHODS: The in vivo effects of SHXXT on GI motility wer...AIM: To investigate the effects of San-Huang-Xie-XinTang(SHXXT), a herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine, on gastrointestinal(GI) motility in mice.METHODS: The in vivo effects of SHXXT on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates(ITRs) using Evans blue in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD).RESULTS: In normal ICR mice, ITRs were significantly and dose-dependently increased by SHXXT(0.1-1 g/kg). GMD was induced by injecting acetic acid or streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The ITRs of GMD mice were significantly reduced compared to normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by SHXXT(0.1-1 g/kg).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SHXXT is a novel candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent that may prevent or alleviate GMD.展开更多
Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong ...Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,a traditional Chinese medicine formula,on gastrointestinal motility in mice.METHODS The in vivo effects of Lizhong Tang on GI motility were investigated by measuring the ...AIM To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,a traditional Chinese medicine formula,on gastrointestinal motility in mice.METHODS The in vivo effects of Lizhong Tang on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates(ITRs) and gastric emptying(GE) values in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD).RESULTS In normal ICR mice,the ITR and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by Lizhong Tang(ITR values: 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 65.2% ± 1.8%,P < 0.01 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 83.8% ± 1.9%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang; GE values: 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 66.8% ± 2.1%,P < 0.05 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 72.5% ± 1.7%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang). The ITRs of the GMD mice were significantly reduced compared with those of the normal mice,which were significantly and dose-dependently reversed by Lizhong Tang. Additionally,in loperamide- and cisplatin-induced models of GE delay,Lizhong Tang administration reversed the GE deficits.CONCLUSION These results suggest that Lizhong Tang may be a novel candidate for development as a prokinetic treatment for the GI tract.展开更多
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus plays a major role in cognitive ability of animals including learning and memory.Korean red ginseng (KRG) has long been known as a medicinal herb with the potential to improve lea...Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus plays a major role in cognitive ability of animals including learning and memory.Korean red ginseng (KRG) has long been known as a medicinal herb with the potential to improve learning and memory;however,the mechanisms are still elusive.Therefore,we evaluated whether KRG can promote cognitive function and enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampus.Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice received 50 mg/kg of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) intraperitoneally and 100 mg/kg of KRG or vehicle orally once a day for 14 days.Pole,Rotarod and Morris water maze tests were performed and the brains were collected after the last behavioral test.Changes in the numbers of BrdU- and BrdU/ doublecortin (DCX;a marker for neuronal precursor cells and immature neurons)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and the gene expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a marker for cell differentiation),cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus were then investigated.KRG-treated mice came down the pole significantly faster and stood on the rotarod longer than vehicle-treated mice.The Morris water maze test showed that KRG administration enhanced the learning and memory abilities significantly.KRG also significantly increased BrdU- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus as well as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen,cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus compared to vehicle.Administration of KRG promotes learning and memory abilities,possibly by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis.This study was approved by the Pusan National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No.PNU-2016-1071) on January 19,2016.展开更多
Neural/glial antigen 2(NG2)-expressing cells has multipotent stem cell activity under cerebral ischemia.Our study examined the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)therapy(2 Hz,1 or 3 mA,20 minutes)at the Sishencong acupo...Neural/glial antigen 2(NG2)-expressing cells has multipotent stem cell activity under cerebral ischemia.Our study examined the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)therapy(2 Hz,1 or 3 mA,20 minutes)at the Sishencong acupoint on motor function after ischemic insult in the brain by investigating the rehabilitative potential of NG2-derived cells in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.EA stimulation alleviated motor deficits caused by ischemic stroke,and 1 mA EA stimulation was more efficacious than 3 mA EA stimulation or positive control treatment with edaravone,a free radical scavenger.The properties of NG2-expressing cells were altered with 1 mA EA stimulation,enhancing their survival in perilesional brain tissue via reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression.EA stimulation robustly activated signaling pathways related to proliferation and survival of NG2-expressing cells and increased the expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor,tumor growth factor beta,and neurotrophin 3.In the perilesional striatum,EA stimulation greatly increased the number of NG2-expressing cells double-positive for oligodendrocyte,endothelial cell,and microglia/macrophage markers(CC1,CD31,and CD68).EA therapy also greatly activated brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta signaling.Our results indicate that EA therapy may prevent functional loss at the perilesional site by enhancing survival and differentiation of NG2-expressing cells via the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced signaling,subsequently ameliorating motor dysfunction.The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Pusan National University(approval Nos.PNU2019-2199 and PNU2019-2884)on April 8,2019 and June 19,2019.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effects of a water extract of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHTE) on the pacemaker potentials of mouse interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS We dissociated ICCs from small intestines and cultured. IC...AIM To investigate the effects of a water extract of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHTE) on the pacemaker potentials of mouse interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS We dissociated ICCs from small intestines and cultured. ICCs were immunologically identified using an antic-kit antibody. We used the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration to record the pacemaker potentials generated by cultured ICCs under the current clamp mode(I = 0). All experiments were performed at 30 ℃-32 ℃RESULTS HHTE dose-dependently depolarized ICC pacemaker potentials. Pretreatment with a 5-HT_3 receptor anta-gonist(Y25130) or a 5-HT_4 receptor antagonist(RS39604) blocked HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations, whereas pretreatment with a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist(SB269970) did not. Intracellular GDPβS inhibited HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization and pretreatment with a Ca^(2+)-free solution or thapsigargin abolished the pacemaker potentials. In the presence of a Ca^(2+)-free solution or thapsigargin, HHTE did not depolarize ICC pacemaker potentials. In addition, HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization was unaffected by a PKC inhibitor(calphostin C) or a Rho kinase inhibitor(Y27632). Of the four ingredients of HHT, Coptidis Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus more effectively inhibited pacemaker potential depolarization.CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHTE dose-dependently depolarizes ICC pacemaker potentials through 5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4 receptors via external and internal Ca^(2+) regulation and via G protein-, PKC-and Rho kinase-independent pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND： In patients with depression, as well as in patients with schizophrenia, both mood and working memory performance are often impaired. Both issues can only be addressed and improved with medication to some ...BACKGROUND： In patients with depression, as well as in patients with schizophrenia, both mood and working memory performance are often impaired. Both issues can only be addressed and improved with medication to some extent. OBJECTIVE： This study investigates the mood and the working memory performance in patients with depression or schizophrenia and whether acupuncture can improve these. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： A pragmatic clinical trial design was used The study was conducted in a psychiatric clinic. Fifty patients with depression and 50 with schizophrenia were randomly divided into an experimental and a waiting-list group. Additionally, 25 healthy control participants were included. Twelve weeks of individualized acupuncture treatment was used as the clinical intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： All patients were tested before （T1） and after （T2） acupuncture treatment on a mood scale （Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II）, a simple working memory task （digit span）, and a complex working memory task （letter-number sequencing）; the healthy controls were tested at T1 only. RESULTS： Patients with depression scored worse than the others on the BDI-II, and patients with schizophrenia scored worse than the healthy controls. On the digit span, patients with schizophrenia did not differ from healthy controls whereas they scored worse of all on the letter-number sequencing. With respect to the acupuncture findings, first, the present study showed that the use of acupuncture to treat patients with schizophrenia was both practical and safe. Moreover, acupuncture had a positive effect on the BDI-II for the depression group, but acupuncture had no effect on the digit span and on the letter- number sequencing performance for the two clinical groups. CONCLUSION： The clinical improvement in patients with depression after acupuncture treatment was not accompanied by any significant change in a simple working memory task or in a more complex working memory task; the same was true for the patients with schizophrenia.展开更多
Objective:Mitophagy is known to contribute towards progression of Parkinson’s disease.Korean red ginseng(KRG)is a widely used medicinal herb in East Asia,and recent studies have reported that KRG prevents 1-methyl-4-...Objective:Mitophagy is known to contribute towards progression of Parkinson’s disease.Korean red ginseng(KRG)is a widely used medicinal herb in East Asia,and recent studies have reported that KRG prevents 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP^(+))-induced cell death.This study was undertaken to investigate whether KRG suppresses MPP^(+)-induced apoptosis and mitophagy.Methods:SH-SY5 Y cells were incubated with KRG for 24 h,and subsequently exposed to MPP^(+).The MPP^(+)-induced cell death was confirmed with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay,and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end-labeling assay.Changes in the structure and function of mitochondria were confirmed using mitotracker,Mito SOX red mitochondrial superoxide indicator,parkin,and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)immunofluorescent staining.Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related factors in whole cells,including Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3,and mitophagy-related factors in the mitochondrial fraction,including cytochrome c,parkin,PINK1,translocase of the outer membrane 20(TOM20),p62 and Beclin 1.Results:MPP^(+)induced cell death by cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation;however,this effect was suppressed by KRG’s regulation of the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax.Moreover,MPP^(+)exposure increased the mitochondrial expressions of parkin,PINK1,Beclin 1 and p62,and decreased TOM20,cytochrome c and Bcl-2 expressions.These MPP^(+)-induced changes in the mitochondrial fraction were attenuated by treatment with KRG.Conclusion:KRG effectively prevents MPP^(+)-induced SH-SY5 Y cell death by regulating cytochrome c release from mitochondria and PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy,through regulation of the Bcl-2 family.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,an herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine,on mouse small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS:Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICC...AIM:To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,an herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine,on mouse small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS:Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from mouse small intestine tissues.The ICCs were morphologically distinct from other cell types in culture and were identified using phase contrast microscopy after verification with anti c-kit antibody.A whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials(current clamp) from cultured ICCs.All of the experiments were performed at 30-32 ℃.RESULTS:ICCs generated pacemaker potentials,and Lizhong Tang produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode.The application of flufenamic acid(a nonselective cation channel blocker) abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by Lizhong Tang.Pretreatment with thapsigargin(a Ca 2+-ATPase inhibi-tor in the endoplasmic reticulum) also abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by Lizhong Tang.However,pacemaker potentials were completely abolished in the presence of an external Ca 2+-free solution,and under this condition,Lizhong Tang induced membrane depolarizations.Furthermore,When GDPβ-S(1 mmol/L) was in the pipette solution,Lizhong Tang still induced membrane depolarizations.In addition,membrane depolarizations were not inhibited by chelerythrine or calphostin C,which are protein kinase C inhibitors,but were inhibited by U-73122,an active phospholipase C inhibitors.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that Lizhong Tang might affect gastrointestinal motility by modulating pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the characteristics of slow electrical waves and the presence of transient receptor potential melastatin-type 7 （TRPM7） in the human gastrointestinal （GI） tract. METHODS： Conventional microel...AIM： To investigate the characteristics of slow electrical waves and the presence of transient receptor potential melastatin-type 7 （TRPM7） in the human gastrointestinal （GI） tract. METHODS： Conventional microelectrode techniques were used to record intracellular electrical responses from human GI smooth muscle tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify TRPM7 channels in interstitial cells of Cajat （ICCs）. RESULTS： The human GI tract generated slow electrical waves and had ICCs which functioned as pacemak er cells. Flufenamic acid, a nonselective cation channel blocker, and 2-APB （2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate） and La3＋, TRPM7 channel blockers, inhibited the slowwaves. Also, TRPM7 channels were expressed in ICCs in human tissue. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that the human GI tract generates slow waves and that TRPM7 channels expressed in the ICCs may be involved in the gen- eration of the slow waves.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To find out the combination of the extracts from Paeonia lactiflora Pallas(PL), Rehmannia Glutinosa var. Purpurea Makino(RG), Perilla Frutescens var. Acuta Kudo(PF) to increase endometrial receptivity.METHO...OBJECTIVE: To find out the combination of the extracts from Paeonia lactiflora Pallas(PL), Rehmannia Glutinosa var. Purpurea Makino(RG), Perilla Frutescens var. Acuta Kudo(PF) to increase endometrial receptivity.METHODS: Herbal medicines were extracted with boiling water and polysaccharides were removed.We examined the effect of PL, RG, and PF(PRP), a most effective herbal formula deduced from constitutive ingredient herbs of Antai Yin which is composed of PRP, on the leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF) expression and endometrial receptivity.RESULTS: The combination of the extracts from PRP induced the LIF expression in Ishikawa cells and increased the adhesion between Ishikawa and JAr cells. In addition, PRP-induced attachment of JAr cells onto Ishikawa cells and expression of adhesion molecules, ITGAV, ITGB5, CD44 s, and Lselectin, are significantly reduced by knock-down of LIF expression.CONCLUSION: Induced by the combination of the PRP extracts, the adhesion between trophoblast and endometrial cells are mediated by expression of LIF and adhesion molecules. Thus, we suggest the combination of the PRP extracts may be a novel therapy for enhancing embryo implantation rate.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) on gastrointestinal(GI) motility in mice.METHODS The effects of a boiling water extract of HHT(HHTE) on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent ...AIM To investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) on gastrointestinal(GI) motility in mice.METHODS The effects of a boiling water extract of HHT(HHTE) on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates(ITR%) and gastric emptying(GE) values using Evans Blue and phenol red, respectively, in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD). In addition, the effects of the four components of HHT, that is, Gardeniae Fructus(GF), Scutellariae Radix(SR), Coptidis Rhizoma(CR), and Phellodendri Cortex(PC), on GI motility were also investigated.RESULTS In normal ICR mice, ITR% and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by the intragastric administration of HHTE(0.1-1 g/kg). The ITR% values of GMD mice were significantly lower than those of normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by HHTE(0.1-1 g/kg). Additionally, GF, CR, and PC dosedependently increased ITR% and GE values in normal and GMD mice.CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHT is a novel candidate for the development of a gastroprokinetic agent for the GI tract.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular effect of Socheongryong Tang(SCRT,Xiaoqinglong Tang in Chinese)on whole genome level in asthma mouse model by microarray technology.METHODS:Asthma was induced by intranasal insti...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular effect of Socheongryong Tang(SCRT,Xiaoqinglong Tang in Chinese)on whole genome level in asthma mouse model by microarray technology.METHODS:Asthma was induced by intranasal instillation of ovalbumin in mouse.After administration of SCRT on asthma-induced mouse,the expression of genes in lung tissue was measured using whole genome microarray.The functional implication of differentially expressed genes was performed using ontological analysis and the similarity of promoter structure of genes was also analyzed.RESULTS:Treatment of SCRT restored expression level of many up-or down-regulated genes in asthma model,and this recovery rate means SCRT could regulate a set of genes having specific TFBS binding sites.CONCLUSION:In this study,we identified a set of genes subjected to similar regulation by SCRT in asthma model in mice.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and molecular targets of Schisandrae Fructus(SF)methanol extract(SFme)in mice with hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet.METHODS:We observed changes in body weight,blood serum co...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and molecular targets of Schisandrae Fructus(SF)methanol extract(SFme)in mice with hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet.METHODS:We observed changes in body weight,blood serum content of total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol,and triglyceride.The extent of accumulation of lipid peroxide due to lipid metabolism disorder also evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA)level.In addition,after getting gene expression in hepatic tissues,target protein of SFme was identified using a protein interaction database.RESULTS:SFme significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels without alteration of body weight in mice,and the livercontent of MDA was statistically decreased by SFme.And expression changes of cyclindependent kinase 1(Cdk1)and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(Lrrk2)were restored by SFme.CONCLUSION:The effect of SFme on the highfat-diet induced hyperlipidemia via decreasing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels may involve the expression of Cdk1 and Lrrk2 proteins.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining popularity in the treatment of psychiatric disorders that can be described and treated from either an Eastern or a Western perspective. In Eastern medicine, the disorders ...Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining popularity in the treatment of psychiatric disorders that can be described and treated from either an Eastern or a Western perspective. In Eastern medicine, the disorders are described according to five diagnostic methods that are used in TCM: inspection, auscultation, olfaction, inquiry, and palpation, including tongue and pulse diagnosis.展开更多
Objective： To obtain fundamental information for the standardization of herbal medicine in Korea. Methods： We analyzed the herbal medicine prescription data of patients at the Pusan National University Korean Medici...Objective： To obtain fundamental information for the standardization of herbal medicine in Korea. Methods： We analyzed the herbal medicine prescription data of patients at the Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital from March 2010 to February 2013. We used the Dongui-Bogam （Dong Yi Bao Jian） to classify prescribed herbal medicines. Results： The study revealed that the most frequently prescribed herbal medicine was ‘Liuwei Dihuang Pill （LWDHP, 六味地黄丸）＇ which was used for invigorating ‘Shen （Kidndy）-yin＇. ‘LWDHP＇ was most frequently prescribed to male patients aged 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and 80-89 years, and ‘Xionggui Tiaoxue Decoction （XGTXD, 芎归调血饮）＇ was most frequently prescribed to female patients aged 30-39 and 40-49 years. According to the International Classification of Diseases （ICD） codes,‘Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue＇ showed the highest prevalence. ‘LWDHP＇ and ＇XGTXD＇ was the most frequently prescribed in categories 5 and 3, respectively. Based on the percentage of prescriptions for each sex, ‘Ziyin Jianghuo Decoction （滋阴降火汤）＇ was prescribed to mainly male patients, and ‘XGTXD＇ with ‘Guima Geban Decoction （桂麻各半汤）＇ were prescribed to mainly female patients. Conclusion： This study analysis successfully determined the frequency of a variety of herbal medicines, and many restorative herbal medicines were identified and frequently administered.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resol...BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve,several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood(AWB)injection,as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.A 29-year-old female patient visited the dermatology clinic complaining of skin depression on her right buttock area,which had appeared six months earlier.There had been only subtle improvement at the margins after fractional CO_(2) laser treatment;therefore,after obtaining informed consent from the patient,AWB treatment was initiated.One month after the first AWB injection,the size and depth of the lesion had noticeably improved,and a slight improvement was also observed in discoloration.CONCLUSION Close observation is the initial treatment of choice for steroid induced skin atrophy;however,for patients in need of immediate cosmetic improvement,AWB injection may be a safe and cost-effective alternative.展开更多
Objectives:Petasites japonicus(PJ)is a traditional medicinal herb widely used in East Asia for treating diverse ailments.However,its anticancer properties and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated.This study ...Objectives:Petasites japonicus(PJ)is a traditional medicinal herb widely used in East Asia for treating diverse ailments.However,its anticancer properties and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated.This study investigated the anticancer potential and molecular mechanisms of the methanol extract of Petasites japonicus(PJE)in human adenocarcinoma gastric stomach(AGS)cells.Methods:AGS cells were treated with various concentrations of PJE,and cell viability was measured using MTT and CCK-8 assays.Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by the cell cycle,caspase-3 and-9 activity assays,and western blotting.To elucidate the underlying signaling mechanisms,we also examined the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK).Results:PJE significantly decreased AGS cell viability and increased the sub-G1 population,indicating apoptosis.PJE upregulated Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)expression while downregulating B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and surviving.Increased cleavage of caspase-3,caspase-9,and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)-1 confirmed the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.Moreover,PJE induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and induced a dose-dependent increase in ROS generation.Conclusions:PJE triggers apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through ROS-dependent mitochondrial and MAPK signaling,leading to potent anticancer effects.These findings highlight PJ as a promising natural source for developing new therapeutic agents for gastric cancer.展开更多
基金supported by a grant of the R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(grant number:RS-2023-KH139376).
文摘Background:Patients with cancer are confronted not only with physical changes and pain but also with significant psychological challenges,including distress,anxiety,and depression,as a consequence of their diagnosis and treatment.This study aimed to identify the factors influencing anxiety or depression in patientswith cancer,examine the relationship between the duration since cancer diagnosis and psychological state,and explore the association between these factors and the use of Korean medicine(KM).Methods:This study utilized data from the 2018 Korea Health Panel spanning 2008 to 2018.The analysis focused on adult participants(aged 19 and above)diagnosed with cancer who responded to their psychological state(i.e.,anxiety or depression)and the duration since their cancer diagnosis.The dependent variables were the presence of anxiety or depression and the utilization of KM.Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate factors influencing these variables.Results:A total of 773 participants were included in the final analysis,of whom 214 reported prior KM experience.Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the likelihood of experiencing anxiety or depression decreased as the duration since cancer diagnosis increased.Factors associated with anxiety or depression in patients with cancer included sex(odds ratio[OR]=2.06),number of chronic diseases(OR=1.17),Charlson Comorbidity Index score(CCI score of 2:OR=1.60),and EQ-5D(EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire)index(OR<0.001).Cancer patients without anxiety or depression were more likely to use KM if they had been diagnosed within three years,were female(OR=2.11),and had a higher number of chronic conditions(OR=1.20).In contrast,patients with anxiety or depression were more likely to utilizeKMif theyhadbeendiagnosed formore thanfive years(OR=6.30)and resided in urban areas.Conclusions:The results suggest that patterns of KM utilization among patients with cancer are associated with their psychological state.Future research should focus on identifying direct correlations between psychological factors and KM use in patients with cancer.
基金Project supported by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(Nos.K18041(SSY)and K18043(MSL))the Basic Science Research Program Through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(Nos.NRF-2015R1D1A1A02062410(SSY)and NRF-2017R1A2B4005357(JYC))
文摘Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We searched four representing databases, including Pub Med, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies(CAMARADE) checklist. Results: A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. Conclusions: This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.
基金Supported by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government,No.2014R1A5A2009936
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of San-Huang-Xie-XinTang(SHXXT), a herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine, on gastrointestinal(GI) motility in mice.METHODS: The in vivo effects of SHXXT on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates(ITRs) using Evans blue in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD).RESULTS: In normal ICR mice, ITRs were significantly and dose-dependently increased by SHXXT(0.1-1 g/kg). GMD was induced by injecting acetic acid or streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The ITRs of GMD mice were significantly reduced compared to normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by SHXXT(0.1-1 g/kg).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SHXXT is a novel candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent that may prevent or alleviate GMD.
文摘Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.
基金Supported by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korea Government,No.2014R1A5A2009936
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,a traditional Chinese medicine formula,on gastrointestinal motility in mice.METHODS The in vivo effects of Lizhong Tang on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates(ITRs) and gastric emptying(GE) values in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD).RESULTS In normal ICR mice,the ITR and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by Lizhong Tang(ITR values: 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 65.2% ± 1.8%,P < 0.01 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 83.8% ± 1.9%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang; GE values: 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 66.8% ± 2.1%,P < 0.05 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 72.5% ± 1.7%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang). The ITRs of the GMD mice were significantly reduced compared with those of the normal mice,which were significantly and dose-dependently reversed by Lizhong Tang. Additionally,in loperamide- and cisplatin-induced models of GE delay,Lizhong Tang administration reversed the GE deficits.CONCLUSION These results suggest that Lizhong Tang may be a novel candidate for development as a prokinetic treatment for the GI tract.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2016R1D1A3B03930920 to SK)the MSIP(No.NRF-2014R1A5A2009936 to SK)
文摘Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus plays a major role in cognitive ability of animals including learning and memory.Korean red ginseng (KRG) has long been known as a medicinal herb with the potential to improve learning and memory;however,the mechanisms are still elusive.Therefore,we evaluated whether KRG can promote cognitive function and enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampus.Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice received 50 mg/kg of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) intraperitoneally and 100 mg/kg of KRG or vehicle orally once a day for 14 days.Pole,Rotarod and Morris water maze tests were performed and the brains were collected after the last behavioral test.Changes in the numbers of BrdU- and BrdU/ doublecortin (DCX;a marker for neuronal precursor cells and immature neurons)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and the gene expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a marker for cell differentiation),cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus were then investigated.KRG-treated mice came down the pole significantly faster and stood on the rotarod longer than vehicle-treated mice.The Morris water maze test showed that KRG administration enhanced the learning and memory abilities significantly.KRG also significantly increased BrdU- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus as well as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen,cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus compared to vehicle.Administration of KRG promotes learning and memory abilities,possibly by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis.This study was approved by the Pusan National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No.PNU-2016-1071) on January 19,2016.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning(2018R1A2A2A05018926)(to BTC)。
文摘Neural/glial antigen 2(NG2)-expressing cells has multipotent stem cell activity under cerebral ischemia.Our study examined the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)therapy(2 Hz,1 or 3 mA,20 minutes)at the Sishencong acupoint on motor function after ischemic insult in the brain by investigating the rehabilitative potential of NG2-derived cells in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.EA stimulation alleviated motor deficits caused by ischemic stroke,and 1 mA EA stimulation was more efficacious than 3 mA EA stimulation or positive control treatment with edaravone,a free radical scavenger.The properties of NG2-expressing cells were altered with 1 mA EA stimulation,enhancing their survival in perilesional brain tissue via reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression.EA stimulation robustly activated signaling pathways related to proliferation and survival of NG2-expressing cells and increased the expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor,tumor growth factor beta,and neurotrophin 3.In the perilesional striatum,EA stimulation greatly increased the number of NG2-expressing cells double-positive for oligodendrocyte,endothelial cell,and microglia/macrophage markers(CC1,CD31,and CD68).EA therapy also greatly activated brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta signaling.Our results indicate that EA therapy may prevent functional loss at the perilesional site by enhancing survival and differentiation of NG2-expressing cells via the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced signaling,subsequently ameliorating motor dysfunction.The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Pusan National University(approval Nos.PNU2019-2199 and PNU2019-2884)on April 8,2019 and June 19,2019.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIP),No.2014R1A5A2009936
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of a water extract of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHTE) on the pacemaker potentials of mouse interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS We dissociated ICCs from small intestines and cultured. ICCs were immunologically identified using an antic-kit antibody. We used the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration to record the pacemaker potentials generated by cultured ICCs under the current clamp mode(I = 0). All experiments were performed at 30 ℃-32 ℃RESULTS HHTE dose-dependently depolarized ICC pacemaker potentials. Pretreatment with a 5-HT_3 receptor anta-gonist(Y25130) or a 5-HT_4 receptor antagonist(RS39604) blocked HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations, whereas pretreatment with a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist(SB269970) did not. Intracellular GDPβS inhibited HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization and pretreatment with a Ca^(2+)-free solution or thapsigargin abolished the pacemaker potentials. In the presence of a Ca^(2+)-free solution or thapsigargin, HHTE did not depolarize ICC pacemaker potentials. In addition, HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization was unaffected by a PKC inhibitor(calphostin C) or a Rho kinase inhibitor(Y27632). Of the four ingredients of HHT, Coptidis Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus more effectively inhibited pacemaker potential depolarization.CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHTE dose-dependently depolarizes ICC pacemaker potentials through 5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4 receptors via external and internal Ca^(2+) regulation and via G protein-, PKC-and Rho kinase-independent pathways.
文摘BACKGROUND： In patients with depression, as well as in patients with schizophrenia, both mood and working memory performance are often impaired. Both issues can only be addressed and improved with medication to some extent. OBJECTIVE： This study investigates the mood and the working memory performance in patients with depression or schizophrenia and whether acupuncture can improve these. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： A pragmatic clinical trial design was used The study was conducted in a psychiatric clinic. Fifty patients with depression and 50 with schizophrenia were randomly divided into an experimental and a waiting-list group. Additionally, 25 healthy control participants were included. Twelve weeks of individualized acupuncture treatment was used as the clinical intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： All patients were tested before （T1） and after （T2） acupuncture treatment on a mood scale （Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II）, a simple working memory task （digit span）, and a complex working memory task （letter-number sequencing）; the healthy controls were tested at T1 only. RESULTS： Patients with depression scored worse than the others on the BDI-II, and patients with schizophrenia scored worse than the healthy controls. On the digit span, patients with schizophrenia did not differ from healthy controls whereas they scored worse of all on the letter-number sequencing. With respect to the acupuncture findings, first, the present study showed that the use of acupuncture to treat patients with schizophrenia was both practical and safe. Moreover, acupuncture had a positive effect on the BDI-II for the depression group, but acupuncture had no effect on the digit span and on the letter- number sequencing performance for the two clinical groups. CONCLUSION： The clinical improvement in patients with depression after acupuncture treatment was not accompanied by any significant change in a simple working memory task or in a more complex working memory task; the same was true for the patients with schizophrenia.
基金financially supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2019R1A2C1085130)。
文摘Objective:Mitophagy is known to contribute towards progression of Parkinson’s disease.Korean red ginseng(KRG)is a widely used medicinal herb in East Asia,and recent studies have reported that KRG prevents 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP^(+))-induced cell death.This study was undertaken to investigate whether KRG suppresses MPP^(+)-induced apoptosis and mitophagy.Methods:SH-SY5 Y cells were incubated with KRG for 24 h,and subsequently exposed to MPP^(+).The MPP^(+)-induced cell death was confirmed with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay,and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end-labeling assay.Changes in the structure and function of mitochondria were confirmed using mitotracker,Mito SOX red mitochondrial superoxide indicator,parkin,and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)immunofluorescent staining.Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related factors in whole cells,including Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3,and mitophagy-related factors in the mitochondrial fraction,including cytochrome c,parkin,PINK1,translocase of the outer membrane 20(TOM20),p62 and Beclin 1.Results:MPP^(+)induced cell death by cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation;however,this effect was suppressed by KRG’s regulation of the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax.Moreover,MPP^(+)exposure increased the mitochondrial expressions of parkin,PINK1,Beclin 1 and p62,and decreased TOM20,cytochrome c and Bcl-2 expressions.These MPP^(+)-induced changes in the mitochondrial fraction were attenuated by treatment with KRG.Conclusion:KRG effectively prevents MPP^(+)-induced SH-SY5 Y cell death by regulating cytochrome c release from mitochondria and PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy,through regulation of the Bcl-2 family.
基金Supported by The Traditonal Korean Medicine R and D Project,Ministry of Health and Welfare,South Korea,No.B120008
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,an herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine,on mouse small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS:Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from mouse small intestine tissues.The ICCs were morphologically distinct from other cell types in culture and were identified using phase contrast microscopy after verification with anti c-kit antibody.A whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials(current clamp) from cultured ICCs.All of the experiments were performed at 30-32 ℃.RESULTS:ICCs generated pacemaker potentials,and Lizhong Tang produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode.The application of flufenamic acid(a nonselective cation channel blocker) abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by Lizhong Tang.Pretreatment with thapsigargin(a Ca 2+-ATPase inhibi-tor in the endoplasmic reticulum) also abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by Lizhong Tang.However,pacemaker potentials were completely abolished in the presence of an external Ca 2+-free solution,and under this condition,Lizhong Tang induced membrane depolarizations.Furthermore,When GDPβ-S(1 mmol/L) was in the pipette solution,Lizhong Tang still induced membrane depolarizations.In addition,membrane depolarizations were not inhibited by chelerythrine or calphostin C,which are protein kinase C inhibitors,but were inhibited by U-73122,an active phospholipase C inhibitors.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that Lizhong Tang might affect gastrointestinal motility by modulating pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal.
基金Supported by The Creative Research Initiative Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle of the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology (MEST) in Korea
文摘AIM： To investigate the characteristics of slow electrical waves and the presence of transient receptor potential melastatin-type 7 （TRPM7） in the human gastrointestinal （GI） tract. METHODS： Conventional microelectrode techniques were used to record intracellular electrical responses from human GI smooth muscle tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify TRPM7 channels in interstitial cells of Cajat （ICCs）. RESULTS： The human GI tract generated slow electrical waves and had ICCs which functioned as pacemak er cells. Flufenamic acid, a nonselective cation channel blocker, and 2-APB （2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate） and La3＋, TRPM7 channel blockers, inhibited the slowwaves. Also, TRPM7 channels were expressed in ICCs in human tissue. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that the human GI tract generates slow waves and that TRPM7 channels expressed in the ICCs may be involved in the gen- eration of the slow waves.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MIST)Korea Government(No.2014R1A5A20009936)by a grant of the Traditional Korean Medicine R&D Project,Ministry of Health&Welfare(No.HI13C0502)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To find out the combination of the extracts from Paeonia lactiflora Pallas(PL), Rehmannia Glutinosa var. Purpurea Makino(RG), Perilla Frutescens var. Acuta Kudo(PF) to increase endometrial receptivity.METHODS: Herbal medicines were extracted with boiling water and polysaccharides were removed.We examined the effect of PL, RG, and PF(PRP), a most effective herbal formula deduced from constitutive ingredient herbs of Antai Yin which is composed of PRP, on the leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF) expression and endometrial receptivity.RESULTS: The combination of the extracts from PRP induced the LIF expression in Ishikawa cells and increased the adhesion between Ishikawa and JAr cells. In addition, PRP-induced attachment of JAr cells onto Ishikawa cells and expression of adhesion molecules, ITGAV, ITGB5, CD44 s, and Lselectin, are significantly reduced by knock-down of LIF expression.CONCLUSION: Induced by the combination of the PRP extracts, the adhesion between trophoblast and endometrial cells are mediated by expression of LIF and adhesion molecules. Thus, we suggest the combination of the PRP extracts may be a novel therapy for enhancing embryo implantation rate.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIP)No.2014R1A5A2009936
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) on gastrointestinal(GI) motility in mice.METHODS The effects of a boiling water extract of HHT(HHTE) on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates(ITR%) and gastric emptying(GE) values using Evans Blue and phenol red, respectively, in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD). In addition, the effects of the four components of HHT, that is, Gardeniae Fructus(GF), Scutellariae Radix(SR), Coptidis Rhizoma(CR), and Phellodendri Cortex(PC), on GI motility were also investigated.RESULTS In normal ICR mice, ITR% and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by the intragastric administration of HHTE(0.1-1 g/kg). The ITR% values of GMD mice were significantly lower than those of normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by HHTE(0.1-1 g/kg). Additionally, GF, CR, and PC dosedependently increased ITR% and GE values in normal and GMD mice.CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHT is a novel candidate for the development of a gastroprokinetic agent for the GI tract.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular effect of Socheongryong Tang(SCRT,Xiaoqinglong Tang in Chinese)on whole genome level in asthma mouse model by microarray technology.METHODS:Asthma was induced by intranasal instillation of ovalbumin in mouse.After administration of SCRT on asthma-induced mouse,the expression of genes in lung tissue was measured using whole genome microarray.The functional implication of differentially expressed genes was performed using ontological analysis and the similarity of promoter structure of genes was also analyzed.RESULTS:Treatment of SCRT restored expression level of many up-or down-regulated genes in asthma model,and this recovery rate means SCRT could regulate a set of genes having specific TFBS binding sites.CONCLUSION:In this study,we identified a set of genes subjected to similar regulation by SCRT in asthma model in mice.
基金Supported by the 2019 Post-Doc.Development Program of Pusan National University
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and molecular targets of Schisandrae Fructus(SF)methanol extract(SFme)in mice with hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet.METHODS:We observed changes in body weight,blood serum content of total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol,and triglyceride.The extent of accumulation of lipid peroxide due to lipid metabolism disorder also evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA)level.In addition,after getting gene expression in hepatic tissues,target protein of SFme was identified using a protein interaction database.RESULTS:SFme significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels without alteration of body weight in mice,and the livercontent of MDA was statistically decreased by SFme.And expression changes of cyclindependent kinase 1(Cdk1)and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(Lrrk2)were restored by SFme.CONCLUSION:The effect of SFme on the highfat-diet induced hyperlipidemia via decreasing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels may involve the expression of Cdk1 and Lrrk2 proteins.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining popularity in the treatment of psychiatric disorders that can be described and treated from either an Eastern or a Western perspective. In Eastern medicine, the disorders are described according to five diagnostic methods that are used in TCM: inspection, auscultation, olfaction, inquiry, and palpation, including tongue and pulse diagnosis.
基金Supported by a grant to Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy Aging from the National Research Foundation of Korean government(No.2014R1A5A2009936)
文摘Objective： To obtain fundamental information for the standardization of herbal medicine in Korea. Methods： We analyzed the herbal medicine prescription data of patients at the Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital from March 2010 to February 2013. We used the Dongui-Bogam （Dong Yi Bao Jian） to classify prescribed herbal medicines. Results： The study revealed that the most frequently prescribed herbal medicine was ‘Liuwei Dihuang Pill （LWDHP, 六味地黄丸）＇ which was used for invigorating ‘Shen （Kidndy）-yin＇. ‘LWDHP＇ was most frequently prescribed to male patients aged 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and 80-89 years, and ‘Xionggui Tiaoxue Decoction （XGTXD, 芎归调血饮）＇ was most frequently prescribed to female patients aged 30-39 and 40-49 years. According to the International Classification of Diseases （ICD） codes,‘Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue＇ showed the highest prevalence. ‘LWDHP＇ and ＇XGTXD＇ was the most frequently prescribed in categories 5 and 3, respectively. Based on the percentage of prescriptions for each sex, ‘Ziyin Jianghuo Decoction （滋阴降火汤）＇ was prescribed to mainly male patients, and ‘XGTXD＇ with ‘Guima Geban Decoction （桂麻各半汤）＇ were prescribed to mainly female patients. Conclusion： This study analysis successfully determined the frequency of a variety of herbal medicines, and many restorative herbal medicines were identified and frequently administered.
基金Supported by The New Faculty Research Grant of Pusan National University,2023The Research Grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2023.
文摘BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve,several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood(AWB)injection,as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.A 29-year-old female patient visited the dermatology clinic complaining of skin depression on her right buttock area,which had appeared six months earlier.There had been only subtle improvement at the margins after fractional CO_(2) laser treatment;therefore,after obtaining informed consent from the patient,AWB treatment was initiated.One month after the first AWB injection,the size and depth of the lesion had noticeably improved,and a slight improvement was also observed in discoloration.CONCLUSION Close observation is the initial treatment of choice for steroid induced skin atrophy;however,for patients in need of immediate cosmetic improvement,AWB injection may be a safe and cost-effective alternative.
基金supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University。
文摘Objectives:Petasites japonicus(PJ)is a traditional medicinal herb widely used in East Asia for treating diverse ailments.However,its anticancer properties and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated.This study investigated the anticancer potential and molecular mechanisms of the methanol extract of Petasites japonicus(PJE)in human adenocarcinoma gastric stomach(AGS)cells.Methods:AGS cells were treated with various concentrations of PJE,and cell viability was measured using MTT and CCK-8 assays.Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by the cell cycle,caspase-3 and-9 activity assays,and western blotting.To elucidate the underlying signaling mechanisms,we also examined the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK).Results:PJE significantly decreased AGS cell viability and increased the sub-G1 population,indicating apoptosis.PJE upregulated Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)expression while downregulating B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and surviving.Increased cleavage of caspase-3,caspase-9,and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)-1 confirmed the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.Moreover,PJE induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and induced a dose-dependent increase in ROS generation.Conclusions:PJE triggers apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through ROS-dependent mitochondrial and MAPK signaling,leading to potent anticancer effects.These findings highlight PJ as a promising natural source for developing new therapeutic agents for gastric cancer.
