Against the backdrop of the Healthy China strategy,the insurance behavior of young consumers presents new characteristics such as enhanced autonomy,a shift toward proactive risk management,stronger personalized demand...Against the backdrop of the Healthy China strategy,the insurance behavior of young consumers presents new characteristics such as enhanced autonomy,a shift toward proactive risk management,stronger personalized demands,and higher expectations for online experiences.In response to changes in young consumers'risk awareness and consumption philosophy,this paper analyzes influencing factors from four dimensions:economic income,risk perception,social environment,and internet penetration.It proposes that insurance companies should focus on digital innovation,precise product development,social platform marketing,and popularization of insurance education,to promote the transformation of young people’s insurance demand from passive risk transfer to proactive long-term planning,and to help the insurance industry and young groups achieve win-win development.展开更多
Driven by both market demand and policies,the drone insurance industry is facing new development opportunities.This study focuses on exploring an innovative hybrid data integration method,which uses public datasets of...Driven by both market demand and policies,the drone insurance industry is facing new development opportunities.This study focuses on exploring an innovative hybrid data integration method,which uses public datasets of drones and small manned aircraft for hybrid data integration and severity scaling,and conducts simulation tests to ensure the reproducibility of the method.A two-part hybrid model approach is adopted to separate the frequency model from the severity model,and a hierarchical modeling method is used for each part to deal with the occurrence of extreme losses.Monte Carlo simulation is performed on the fused data to calculate the net premium.Innovatively,a no-claim discount system is introduced,and the impact of operators'behaviors on claim frequency is quantified,with comprehensive consideration given to the inclusion and quantification of risk factors.The application of Tweedie GLM in total loss modeling is constructed and analyzed,and the advantages and disadvantages of different modeling methods are compared,aiming to provide more comprehensive decision-making basis for insurance companies.This report is intended to construct and evaluate a robust actuarial rate-making model for the rapidly developing drone insurance market,and to develop more accurate,fair and market-competitive drone insurance products.展开更多
Against the backdrop of increasing consumer complaints about out-of-school education and training and the difficulty of refunding fees caused by the closure of training institutions,this paper analyses the development...Against the backdrop of increasing consumer complaints about out-of-school education and training and the difficulty of refunding fees caused by the closure of training institutions,this paper analyses the development of China's education and training industry in the last decade and the risks it is currently facing,and designs an innovative after-school tutoring pre-paid consumption perfomance bond insurance based on 218 questionnaires collected.The product uses a big data platform to connect three different ports of the APP,drawing on the new model of“commercial insurance and e-CNY and platform supervision”.It uses credit rating to determine the cost,a credit level transfer matrix to calculate the probability of risk events and the average cumulative default rate to achieve reasonable pricing over a long period of time,and nearly a dozen calculation formulas to determine the balance of the advance receipts,which provides consumers with more comprehensive and flexible risk protection.At the same time,we have studied the user experience optimisation and marketing strategy of this insurance product,aiming to achieve a virtuous cycle for the insurance company.As an innovative insurance product,the product fills a gap in the market and is highly competitive in terms of future market demand.We hope that insurance can effectively protect the legitimate rights and we expect to provide realistic help for those of us who aspire to education and provide reference for other consumer protection.展开更多
With China being gradually transformed into an open society where population can flow freely,it deserves more attention that interregional population flow will bring about the interactive growth of insurance.Based on ...With China being gradually transformed into an open society where population can flow freely,it deserves more attention that interregional population flow will bring about the interactive growth of insurance.Based on the traditional insurance growth theory,this paper focuses on the internal mechanism how interregional population flow can affect insurance growth,uses the provincial panel data from 2012 to 2015 to construct a flow spatial weighting matrix based on the interregional population flow scale,and sets up a spatial econometric model for empirical analysis.Results show that,if the population flow increases by 1 percentage point,the region's insurance industry will grow 0.0794 percentage points,and other regions'insurance will grow 0.184 percentage points,making the national insurance industry increase by 0.264 percentage points.,which is to say,the indirect effects of spatial knowledge spillover on insurance growth account for more than two thirds of the overall effects.This conclusion provides the policy enlightenment for promoting the interregional population flow,adjusting the product structure and marketing strategy in time by insurance companies,and promoting the balanced and coordinative development of the insurance industry in China.展开更多
Poverty alleviation of the rural poor is the most arduous task in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China, and agricultural insurance is an important financial tool for this task. Due to diff...Poverty alleviation of the rural poor is the most arduous task in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China, and agricultural insurance is an important financial tool for this task. Due to different capital levels, individual farmer will adopt production technology with different efficiency. In the case of uncertain price of agricultural products, this paper establishes a series of multiple equilibrium models based on agricultural risk and agricultural insurance. Under the catastrophe risk, the probability of falling into the poverty trap is calculated, and the effects of agricultural insurance on poverty alleviation are discussed respectively. It is found that agricultural insurance can effectively reduce the probability of falling into the poverty trap for the farmers whose initial capital is greater than a certain critical value. While the government subsidizes the premium of agricultural insurance by a certain proportion, the effect on poverty alleviation will be further improved.展开更多
This study examines the sustainability of China's pension funds in a context of negative population growth,analyzing how demographic shifts,economic fluctuations,and institutional flaws impact fund operations.The ...This study examines the sustainability of China's pension funds in a context of negative population growth,analyzing how demographic shifts,economic fluctuations,and institutional flaws impact fund operations.The research reveals that declining working-age populations and accelerating aging are causing imbalances in fund revenues and expenditures.Slower economic growth and inflation further erode contribution capacity and investment returns,while the drawbacks of the Pay-as-you-go system and provincial-level pooling models exacerbate regional risks.Pension funds face multiple challenges including revenue-expenditure imbalances,investment volatility,systemic design flaws,and population mobility-induced risks.The study proposes comprehensive optimization strategies encompassing population structure improvement,diversified funding channels,expenditure control,enhanced investment management,and institutional reforms.These measures aim to provide theoretical and practical references for addressing the sustainability challenges of pension funds under negative population growth.展开更多
Against the backdrop of uneven pressure on the three-pillar pension system and a mismatch between pension funds and the demographic structure,a large number of employees in new forms of employment remain outside the p...Against the backdrop of uneven pressure on the three-pillar pension system and a mismatch between pension funds and the demographic structure,a large number of employees in new forms of employment remain outside the pension security system,facing relatively high pension risks.Due to their high job mobility,weak long-term planning ability,and large income fluctuations,on the basis of maintaining the balance of the three-pillar pension system,individual pension schemes may become a breakthrough point for improving the pension situation of employees in new forms of employment.In line with the national goal of building a multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system,to study the supplementary role of the third-pillar individual pension policy for employees in new forms of employment,this article constructs an evaluation system using the analytic hierarchy process and designs a questionnaire.After conducting a questionnaire survey in six cities in Shandong Province,the collected data are analyzed.It is found that the short-term effect of the current policy is that residents'awareness of pension issues is gradually improving,and the participation rate is increasing,but the behavior is short-term,and residents generally tend to avoid pension risks.Therefore,regarding the deepening of the individual pension system,the article puts forward three suggestions:(1)Conduct comprehensive publicity through multiple channels and with emphasis on key points;(2)Enhance the system's attractiveness according to the characteristics of the target population;(3)Improve the public's awareness of pension planning and financial literacy;(4)Strengthen the connection and transformation among different pillars of the pension system.展开更多
Under the background of the Healthy China strategy,the construction of teaching cases in the field of medical care and health is of great significance.This paper systematically analyzes the urgency,feasibility,challen...Under the background of the Healthy China strategy,the construction of teaching cases in the field of medical care and health is of great significance.This paper systematically analyzes the urgency,feasibility,challenges and future development paths of the construction of teaching cases in the field of medical care and health.With the intensification of the global aging trend and the continuous growth of the number of patients with chronic diseases,the field of medical care and health urgently needs professionals with interdisciplinary knowledge and practical ability.However,the current teaching case resources are scarce and the update is lagging behind,which is difficult to meet the needs of cultivating high-quality talents.Therefore,this paper proposes to use the popularization of network technology,the diversification of multimedia technology and big data technology to broaden the channels for case collection,improve the authenticity and timeliness of cases,and establish a scientific quality assessment and update mechanism.At the same time,specific solutions are proposed for bottleneck problems such as data integration and copyright interest distribution.Looking forward to the future,by strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation and improving the practicality and pertinence of cases,it will help promote the continuous improvement of the quality of education in the field of medical care and health,and provide strong support for coping with the challenges of population aging.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research...The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research results on flexible employment personnel and analyzing and interpreting the urban-rural residents'pension insurance policy of Zhuhai,we take the flexible employment personnel of Zhuhai City as the object of the study,combined with questionnaire survey method,and analyze the difficulties of the flexible employment personnel's participation in the insurance by analyzing the collected data,and find out that Zhuhai's flexibly employed people have cognitive bias towards urban and rural residents'pension insurance,the government's business personnel have a vague understanding of the insurance,and some of the flexibly employed people think that the subsidy is low,etc.The government of Zhuhai City has provided the suggestions of expanding the scope of the publicity of the urban and rural residents'pension insurance,increasing publicity efforts,and providing regular training for the counterpart service personnel in order to increase the rate of the flexibly employed people's participation in the insurance,and improve the inherent bad impression of the insurance by the flexibly employed people.personnel's inherent bad impression of insurance,and further improve China's insurance system.展开更多
Henry Hub as an important transaction hub for natural gas sets the gas price standard in the USA. In this paper, the factors influencing Henry Hub natural gas prices are analyzed, and the major factors determining the...Henry Hub as an important transaction hub for natural gas sets the gas price standard in the USA. In this paper, the factors influencing Henry Hub natural gas prices are analyzed, and the major factors determining the price levels in the period between January 1997 and December 2016 are studied. It is found that economic conditions, total energy demand, US dollar exchange rate and gas consumption are the major factors. The mechanism of each factor influencing the Henry Hub natural gas price is also explored in the paper.展开更多
The high-tech industry is highlighted for advanced techniques,substantial capital investment,and smart talents.But their effective combination can not be achieved in the development of high-tech industry,which impedes...The high-tech industry is highlighted for advanced techniques,substantial capital investment,and smart talents.But their effective combination can not be achieved in the development of high-tech industry,which impedes its industrialization.Meanwhile,an effective mechanism is needed to develop the high-tech industry healthily.The aim of this paper is to explore the integration model of base,project,and talent which is presented and served as a new road for high-tech industry development as well as prove this model rational.Some results of the model are appealing.Firstly,start-ups in the park have the higher success probabilities;secondly,higher expected return attracts talents to join into start-ups in park;thirdly,side payment is the inner incentive to initiate this high-tech industry integration model.展开更多
The resistivity of Hg<sub>0.89</sub>Mn<sub>0.11</sub>Te has been measured by the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer in the temperature range from 5 to 200 K under the appl...The resistivity of Hg<sub>0.89</sub>Mn<sub>0.11</sub>Te has been measured by the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer in the temperature range from 5 to 200 K under the applied magnetic field of 1, 2, 4 and 6.5 Tesla, respectively, compared with that of no-magnetic field. The results show that the resistivity increases with increase applied magnetic field at higher temperature from 80 to 200 K, but decreases at lower temperature from 5 to 25 K. There exists a transitive range from 25 to 80 K, where the variation of the resistivity shows different tendencies depending on the strength of magnetic field. Maximum difference of resistivity under 6.5 Tesla from that without magnetic field in the temperature range from 30 to 200 K is only about 5 Ω·cm, but it increases up to 3 orders of magnitude at 5 K. The analysis shows that the variation of resistivity of Hg<sub>0.89</sub>Mn<sub>0.11</sub>Te under the magnetic field is the algebraic sum of the transverse direction magnetoresistance effect and the sp-d exchange interaction effect. TDRME plays major role in the high temperature range. However, with the decrease of temperature, the effect of sp-d EI on the resistivity gradually exceeds that of the transverse direction magnetoresistance effect through the transitive range, and becomes the dominant effect in the temperature range from 5 to 25 K, which leads to the dramatic decrease of resistivity.展开更多
This paper examines the impacts of information about COVID-19 on pig farmers'production willingness by using endorsement experiments and follow-up surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021 in China.Our results show that,...This paper examines the impacts of information about COVID-19 on pig farmers'production willingness by using endorsement experiments and follow-up surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021 in China.Our results show that,first,farmers were less willing to scale up production when they received information about COVID-19.The information in 2020 that the second wave of COVID-19 might occur without a vaccine reduced farmers'willingness to scale up by 13.4%,while the information in 2021 that COVID-19 might continue to spread despite the introduction of vaccine reduced farmers'willingness by 4.4%.Second,farmers whose production was affected by COVID-19 were considerably less willing to scale up,given the access to COVID-19 information.Third,farmers'production willingness can predict their actual production behavior.展开更多
Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are typically constructed by incorporating random effects into the linear predictor. The random effects are usually assumed to be normally distributed with mean zero and varianc...Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are typically constructed by incorporating random effects into the linear predictor. The random effects are usually assumed to be normally distributed with mean zero and variance-covariance identity matrix. In this paper, we propose to release random effects to non-normal distributions and discuss how to model the mean and covariance structures in GLMMs simultaneously. Parameter estimation is solved by using Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method through iterative Newton-Raphson (NR) algorithm very well in terms of accuracy and stabilization, which is demonstrated by real binary salamander mating data analysis and simulation studies.展开更多
The magnetization of Hg0.89Mn0.11 Te single crystal grown by vertical Bridgman method was studied by using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer（SQUID Magnetometer）. First, magnetization measureme...The magnetization of Hg0.89Mn0.11 Te single crystal grown by vertical Bridgman method was studied by using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer（SQUID Magnetometer）. First, magnetization measurements were done under various magnetic fi eld strengths from-20 kOe to 20 kOe at 5 K, 15 K, and 77 K, respectively. Then, the magnetizations were measured with continuous changes of temperature in the range from 5 K to 300 K under the magnetic field of 0.1 kOe and 10 kOe, respectively. The modifi ed Brillouin function was well fitted with the data of magnetization vs. magnetic field strength. The analysis indicated that there was an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling among Mn^2＋ ions. The results of reciprocal susceptibility vs. temperature fi t Curie-Weiss law very well at the temperatures above 40 K, but deviate from the law from 5 Kto 40 K, which shows that the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling among Mn^2＋ ions increases in the lower temperature range below 40 K. The experimental result was explained by extending higher-order terms in the calculation of susceptibility and fitted by a power law function. The measurements reveal that Hg0.89Mn0.11 Te possesses paramagnetic properties at temperatures from 5 K to 300 K.展开更多
This study analyzes how Foreign Direct Investment affects the rate of economic development among nations in the EAC with the empirical evidence of Burundi.The paper indicates that there is a link between foreign direc...This study analyzes how Foreign Direct Investment affects the rate of economic development among nations in the EAC with the empirical evidence of Burundi.The paper indicates that there is a link between foreign direct investment(FDI),gross domestic product(GDP),human capital,and openness with support of yearly time-series data from 1989 to 2017.The results from the Vector Error Correction Model(VECM)analysis technics discover that all the variables in long-term they move together.The findings also discovered that there is short-term causality running from GDP and human capital to FDI and no short-run causality found from openness to FDI as a result of Burundi’s policies that do not implement market seeker FDI.For VECM validation,the paper went through some post estimation diagnostic tests such as Lagrange multiplier tests and Jarque-Bera test,the results did not indicate any autocorrelation among the variables as the residuals were normally distributed.Openness being an important factor to attracting foreign investors,it is very crucial for Burundi to revise its trade policies and encourage a conducive environment that promotes foreign investment penetration by promoting and encouraging both domestic and foreign investors and keep improving human capital for more FDI attraction as a goal for Burundi economic growth.展开更多
The recent economic and financial hardship has resuscitated controversies over the role of Foreign Capital in economic growth and welfare enhancement in emerging nations,particularly in Guinea.The literature tha...The recent economic and financial hardship has resuscitated controversies over the role of Foreign Capital in economic growth and welfare enhancement in emerging nations,particularly in Guinea.The literature that scrutinizes the causal interaction among FDI and poverty alleviation is relatively abundant,the fundamental statement shared by these empirical studies is that GDP growth is assumed to be relevant proxy of people well-being.However,Guinea and its FDI attraction policies have not been well approached by some of these paper.This empirical study examines the interaction between FDI inflows and poverty alleviation in Guinea from 1990 to 2017.The Human Development Index(HDI)and the per capita FDI net inflows are respectively employed as key welfare and FDI indicators.The findings from the Error Correction Model(ECM)confirm that,in the long term the variables converge in the same direction.The outcomes also exhibit that per capita FDI in the long run,negatively impacts welfare but not significantly,while Inflation’s coefficient remains positive and significant.With trade openness,we still found the same positive interaction but not significant.The results from the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model(ARDL)exhibit that per capita FDI flows[current value and L2.]have positive but not significant impact on HDI whereas FDI[L1]has a negative interaction with welfare at 10%significance level.The trade openness variable[current value]is negatively but not significantly associated with HDI,while inflation[L1 and L2]influence on human advancement is positive and significant.Overall,Foreign direct investment in Guinea is still resource seeking investment which impact on the domestic economy is very limited.Hence,government should introduce new policies and incentives in order to attract more market seeking or other types of FDI that may promote inclusive growth and alleviate poverty.展开更多
Applying the slacks-based measure （SBM）-Tobit two-stage model, this paper analyzes energy efficiency in eastern China. First, the SBM model featured in taking non- desired output in calculation was employed to evalu...Applying the slacks-based measure （SBM）-Tobit two-stage model, this paper analyzes energy efficiency in eastern China. First, the SBM model featured in taking non- desired output in calculation was employed to evaluate the energy efficiency in eastern China from 1995 to 2010. The results show that Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangdong have the highest energy efficiency while Hebei has the lowest. Next, we used the panel Tobit model to perform a regression on factors affecting energy efficiency. Our results show that optimizing industrial structure, improving energy structure and enhancing the level of economic reform can contribute to improving energy efficiency. Government influence and technological progress, on the other hand, affect energy efficiency insignificantly. The influence of socio-economic development on the energy efficiency goes from negative to positive, which adheres to the Kuznets curve hypothesis. Our findings are that the socio-economic development in eastern China has not yet passed the ＂turning point of the Kuznets curve ＂.展开更多
文摘Against the backdrop of the Healthy China strategy,the insurance behavior of young consumers presents new characteristics such as enhanced autonomy,a shift toward proactive risk management,stronger personalized demands,and higher expectations for online experiences.In response to changes in young consumers'risk awareness and consumption philosophy,this paper analyzes influencing factors from four dimensions:economic income,risk perception,social environment,and internet penetration.It proposes that insurance companies should focus on digital innovation,precise product development,social platform marketing,and popularization of insurance education,to promote the transformation of young people’s insurance demand from passive risk transfer to proactive long-term planning,and to help the insurance industry and young groups achieve win-win development.
基金funded by the National College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202410456025)supported by the China Center of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Hong Kong Institute of Humanities and Natural Sciences and Technology.
文摘Driven by both market demand and policies,the drone insurance industry is facing new development opportunities.This study focuses on exploring an innovative hybrid data integration method,which uses public datasets of drones and small manned aircraft for hybrid data integration and severity scaling,and conducts simulation tests to ensure the reproducibility of the method.A two-part hybrid model approach is adopted to separate the frequency model from the severity model,and a hierarchical modeling method is used for each part to deal with the occurrence of extreme losses.Monte Carlo simulation is performed on the fused data to calculate the net premium.Innovatively,a no-claim discount system is introduced,and the impact of operators'behaviors on claim frequency is quantified,with comprehensive consideration given to the inclusion and quantification of risk factors.The application of Tweedie GLM in total loss modeling is constructed and analyzed,and the advantages and disadvantages of different modeling methods are compared,aiming to provide more comprehensive decision-making basis for insurance companies.This report is intended to construct and evaluate a robust actuarial rate-making model for the rapidly developing drone insurance market,and to develop more accurate,fair and market-competitive drone insurance products.
基金funded by the National College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202410456025)supported by the China Center of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Hong Kong Institute of Humanities and Natural Sciences and Technology.
文摘Against the backdrop of increasing consumer complaints about out-of-school education and training and the difficulty of refunding fees caused by the closure of training institutions,this paper analyses the development of China's education and training industry in the last decade and the risks it is currently facing,and designs an innovative after-school tutoring pre-paid consumption perfomance bond insurance based on 218 questionnaires collected.The product uses a big data platform to connect three different ports of the APP,drawing on the new model of“commercial insurance and e-CNY and platform supervision”.It uses credit rating to determine the cost,a credit level transfer matrix to calculate the probability of risk events and the average cumulative default rate to achieve reasonable pricing over a long period of time,and nearly a dozen calculation formulas to determine the balance of the advance receipts,which provides consumers with more comprehensive and flexible risk protection.At the same time,we have studied the user experience optimisation and marketing strategy of this insurance product,aiming to achieve a virtuous cycle for the insurance company.As an innovative insurance product,the product fills a gap in the market and is highly competitive in terms of future market demand.We hope that insurance can effectively protect the legitimate rights and we expect to provide realistic help for those of us who aspire to education and provide reference for other consumer protection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China"Research on the transmission mechanism,welfare effect and path optimization of long-term care insurance embedded in the rural medical and health service system(No.:72274107)""Special Funds for Shandong Taishan Scholars Project(No.:tsqn202312226)"+1 种基金"Shandong Province Youth Entrepreneurship Science and Technology Support Plan for Higher Education Institutions(No.2022RW044)"Shandong University of Finance and Economics 2024 Experimental Teaching Reform Research Project(zb202401):"Research on the Construction of Health and Medical Big Data Experimental Teaching Courses","Typical Cases of Embedding Long-term Care Insurance into the Medical and Health Service System to Promote Chinese Modernization","Digital Intelligence Empowerment Cross-integration-Health and Medical Big Data"Course Construction,"Insurance"Smart Course Construction,Research on the Education Model of Modern Financial and Economic Colleges under the"One Construction and Three Chains"Integration Path,"12456"Postgraduate Joint Training Base Quality Improvement System Construction,and the Ministry of Education Degree Center Theme Case"Digital Empowerment of Healthy China Construction:Innovative Practice of Social Security Robots"Interim Results.
文摘With China being gradually transformed into an open society where population can flow freely,it deserves more attention that interregional population flow will bring about the interactive growth of insurance.Based on the traditional insurance growth theory,this paper focuses on the internal mechanism how interregional population flow can affect insurance growth,uses the provincial panel data from 2012 to 2015 to construct a flow spatial weighting matrix based on the interregional population flow scale,and sets up a spatial econometric model for empirical analysis.Results show that,if the population flow increases by 1 percentage point,the region's insurance industry will grow 0.0794 percentage points,and other regions'insurance will grow 0.184 percentage points,making the national insurance industry increase by 0.264 percentage points.,which is to say,the indirect effects of spatial knowledge spillover on insurance growth account for more than two thirds of the overall effects.This conclusion provides the policy enlightenment for promoting the interregional population flow,adjusting the product structure and marketing strategy in time by insurance companies,and promoting the balanced and coordinative development of the insurance industry in China.
文摘Poverty alleviation of the rural poor is the most arduous task in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China, and agricultural insurance is an important financial tool for this task. Due to different capital levels, individual farmer will adopt production technology with different efficiency. In the case of uncertain price of agricultural products, this paper establishes a series of multiple equilibrium models based on agricultural risk and agricultural insurance. Under the catastrophe risk, the probability of falling into the poverty trap is calculated, and the effects of agricultural insurance on poverty alleviation are discussed respectively. It is found that agricultural insurance can effectively reduce the probability of falling into the poverty trap for the farmers whose initial capital is greater than a certain critical value. While the government subsidizes the premium of agricultural insurance by a certain proportion, the effect on poverty alleviation will be further improved.
文摘This study examines the sustainability of China's pension funds in a context of negative population growth,analyzing how demographic shifts,economic fluctuations,and institutional flaws impact fund operations.The research reveals that declining working-age populations and accelerating aging are causing imbalances in fund revenues and expenditures.Slower economic growth and inflation further erode contribution capacity and investment returns,while the drawbacks of the Pay-as-you-go system and provincial-level pooling models exacerbate regional risks.Pension funds face multiple challenges including revenue-expenditure imbalances,investment volatility,systemic design flaws,and population mobility-induced risks.The study proposes comprehensive optimization strategies encompassing population structure improvement,diversified funding channels,expenditure control,enhanced investment management,and institutional reforms.These measures aim to provide theoretical and practical references for addressing the sustainability challenges of pension funds under negative population growth.
基金funded by the National College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202410456025)supported by the China Center of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Hong Kong Institute of Humanities and Natural Sciences and Technology.
文摘Against the backdrop of uneven pressure on the three-pillar pension system and a mismatch between pension funds and the demographic structure,a large number of employees in new forms of employment remain outside the pension security system,facing relatively high pension risks.Due to their high job mobility,weak long-term planning ability,and large income fluctuations,on the basis of maintaining the balance of the three-pillar pension system,individual pension schemes may become a breakthrough point for improving the pension situation of employees in new forms of employment.In line with the national goal of building a multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system,to study the supplementary role of the third-pillar individual pension policy for employees in new forms of employment,this article constructs an evaluation system using the analytic hierarchy process and designs a questionnaire.After conducting a questionnaire survey in six cities in Shandong Province,the collected data are analyzed.It is found that the short-term effect of the current policy is that residents'awareness of pension issues is gradually improving,and the participation rate is increasing,but the behavior is short-term,and residents generally tend to avoid pension risks.Therefore,regarding the deepening of the individual pension system,the article puts forward three suggestions:(1)Conduct comprehensive publicity through multiple channels and with emphasis on key points;(2)Enhance the system's attractiveness according to the characteristics of the target population;(3)Improve the public's awareness of pension planning and financial literacy;(4)Strengthen the connection and transformation among different pillars of the pension system.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China general project"Research on the transmission mechanism,welfare effect and path optimization of long-term care insurance embedded in rural medical and health service system(No.:72274107)","Typical case of long-term care insurance embedded in medical and health service system to promote Chinese-style modernization","Digital empowerment crossintegration-health and medical big data"course construction,"Insurance"smart course construction,"One construction and three chains"integration path under the modern financial and economic industrial college education model research,"12456"postgraduate joint training base quality improvement system construction,Shandong Province"Taishan Scholars Project",Shandong Province Youth Entrepreneurship Science and Technology Support Plan,Ministry of Education Degree Center theme case"Digital empowerment of healthy China construction:innovative practice of social security robots".
文摘Under the background of the Healthy China strategy,the construction of teaching cases in the field of medical care and health is of great significance.This paper systematically analyzes the urgency,feasibility,challenges and future development paths of the construction of teaching cases in the field of medical care and health.With the intensification of the global aging trend and the continuous growth of the number of patients with chronic diseases,the field of medical care and health urgently needs professionals with interdisciplinary knowledge and practical ability.However,the current teaching case resources are scarce and the update is lagging behind,which is difficult to meet the needs of cultivating high-quality talents.Therefore,this paper proposes to use the popularization of network technology,the diversification of multimedia technology and big data technology to broaden the channels for case collection,improve the authenticity and timeliness of cases,and establish a scientific quality assessment and update mechanism.At the same time,specific solutions are proposed for bottleneck problems such as data integration and copyright interest distribution.Looking forward to the future,by strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation and improving the practicality and pertinence of cases,it will help promote the continuous improvement of the quality of education in the field of medical care and health,and provide strong support for coping with the challenges of population aging.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research results on flexible employment personnel and analyzing and interpreting the urban-rural residents'pension insurance policy of Zhuhai,we take the flexible employment personnel of Zhuhai City as the object of the study,combined with questionnaire survey method,and analyze the difficulties of the flexible employment personnel's participation in the insurance by analyzing the collected data,and find out that Zhuhai's flexibly employed people have cognitive bias towards urban and rural residents'pension insurance,the government's business personnel have a vague understanding of the insurance,and some of the flexibly employed people think that the subsidy is low,etc.The government of Zhuhai City has provided the suggestions of expanding the scope of the publicity of the urban and rural residents'pension insurance,increasing publicity efforts,and providing regular training for the counterpart service personnel in order to increase the rate of the flexibly employed people's participation in the insurance,and improve the inherent bad impression of the insurance by the flexibly employed people.personnel's inherent bad impression of insurance,and further improve China's insurance system.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China,2015(Grant No.ZDA059)the National Science Foundation of China,2013(Grant Nos.71373014 and 71303045)+3 种基金the Energy Foundation(USA)Projects,2012(Grant No.12YJAZH056)the special fund of the Research on the Generalized Virtual Economy,2011(Grant No.G-1111-15134)the Philosophy Social Planning project of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China,2011(Grant No.GX2011-1017Y)‘‘the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities’’in UIBE(No.15YQ09)
文摘Henry Hub as an important transaction hub for natural gas sets the gas price standard in the USA. In this paper, the factors influencing Henry Hub natural gas prices are analyzed, and the major factors determining the price levels in the period between January 1997 and December 2016 are studied. It is found that economic conditions, total energy demand, US dollar exchange rate and gas consumption are the major factors. The mechanism of each factor influencing the Henry Hub natural gas price is also explored in the paper.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.71173038) Funding Project of Education Ministry for Development of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences,China (No.10YJA790164 )Innovation Foundation of Graduate Research for University of International Business Economics,China (No.A20110109)
文摘The high-tech industry is highlighted for advanced techniques,substantial capital investment,and smart talents.But their effective combination can not be achieved in the development of high-tech industry,which impedes its industrialization.Meanwhile,an effective mechanism is needed to develop the high-tech industry healthily.The aim of this paper is to explore the integration model of base,project,and talent which is presented and served as a new road for high-tech industry development as well as prove this model rational.Some results of the model are appealing.Firstly,start-ups in the park have the higher success probabilities;secondly,higher expected return attracts talents to join into start-ups in park;thirdly,side payment is the inner incentive to initiate this high-tech industry integration model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50336040)
文摘The resistivity of Hg<sub>0.89</sub>Mn<sub>0.11</sub>Te has been measured by the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer in the temperature range from 5 to 200 K under the applied magnetic field of 1, 2, 4 and 6.5 Tesla, respectively, compared with that of no-magnetic field. The results show that the resistivity increases with increase applied magnetic field at higher temperature from 80 to 200 K, but decreases at lower temperature from 5 to 25 K. There exists a transitive range from 25 to 80 K, where the variation of the resistivity shows different tendencies depending on the strength of magnetic field. Maximum difference of resistivity under 6.5 Tesla from that without magnetic field in the temperature range from 30 to 200 K is only about 5 Ω·cm, but it increases up to 3 orders of magnitude at 5 K. The analysis shows that the variation of resistivity of Hg<sub>0.89</sub>Mn<sub>0.11</sub>Te under the magnetic field is the algebraic sum of the transverse direction magnetoresistance effect and the sp-d exchange interaction effect. TDRME plays major role in the high temperature range. However, with the decrease of temperature, the effect of sp-d EI on the resistivity gradually exceeds that of the transverse direction magnetoresistance effect through the transitive range, and becomes the dominant effect in the temperature range from 5 to 25 K, which leads to the dramatic decrease of resistivity.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(23&ZD045)the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(21YJC790087)+1 种基金the Center for Social Welfare and Public Governance of Zhejiang University,Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘This paper examines the impacts of information about COVID-19 on pig farmers'production willingness by using endorsement experiments and follow-up surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021 in China.Our results show that,first,farmers were less willing to scale up production when they received information about COVID-19.The information in 2020 that the second wave of COVID-19 might occur without a vaccine reduced farmers'willingness to scale up by 13.4%,while the information in 2021 that COVID-19 might continue to spread despite the introduction of vaccine reduced farmers'willingness by 4.4%.Second,farmers whose production was affected by COVID-19 were considerably less willing to scale up,given the access to COVID-19 information.Third,farmers'production willingness can predict their actual production behavior.
文摘Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are typically constructed by incorporating random effects into the linear predictor. The random effects are usually assumed to be normally distributed with mean zero and variance-covariance identity matrix. In this paper, we propose to release random effects to non-normal distributions and discuss how to model the mean and covariance structures in GLMMs simultaneously. Parameter estimation is solved by using Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method through iterative Newton-Raphson (NR) algorithm very well in terms of accuracy and stabilization, which is demonstrated by real binary salamander mating data analysis and simulation studies.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50336040)
文摘The magnetization of Hg0.89Mn0.11 Te single crystal grown by vertical Bridgman method was studied by using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer（SQUID Magnetometer）. First, magnetization measurements were done under various magnetic fi eld strengths from-20 kOe to 20 kOe at 5 K, 15 K, and 77 K, respectively. Then, the magnetizations were measured with continuous changes of temperature in the range from 5 K to 300 K under the magnetic field of 0.1 kOe and 10 kOe, respectively. The modifi ed Brillouin function was well fitted with the data of magnetization vs. magnetic field strength. The analysis indicated that there was an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling among Mn^2＋ ions. The results of reciprocal susceptibility vs. temperature fi t Curie-Weiss law very well at the temperatures above 40 K, but deviate from the law from 5 Kto 40 K, which shows that the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling among Mn^2＋ ions increases in the lower temperature range below 40 K. The experimental result was explained by extending higher-order terms in the calculation of susceptibility and fitted by a power law function. The measurements reveal that Hg0.89Mn0.11 Te possesses paramagnetic properties at temperatures from 5 K to 300 K.
文摘This study analyzes how Foreign Direct Investment affects the rate of economic development among nations in the EAC with the empirical evidence of Burundi.The paper indicates that there is a link between foreign direct investment(FDI),gross domestic product(GDP),human capital,and openness with support of yearly time-series data from 1989 to 2017.The results from the Vector Error Correction Model(VECM)analysis technics discover that all the variables in long-term they move together.The findings also discovered that there is short-term causality running from GDP and human capital to FDI and no short-run causality found from openness to FDI as a result of Burundi’s policies that do not implement market seeker FDI.For VECM validation,the paper went through some post estimation diagnostic tests such as Lagrange multiplier tests and Jarque-Bera test,the results did not indicate any autocorrelation among the variables as the residuals were normally distributed.Openness being an important factor to attracting foreign investors,it is very crucial for Burundi to revise its trade policies and encourage a conducive environment that promotes foreign investment penetration by promoting and encouraging both domestic and foreign investors and keep improving human capital for more FDI attraction as a goal for Burundi economic growth.
文摘The recent economic and financial hardship has resuscitated controversies over the role of Foreign Capital in economic growth and welfare enhancement in emerging nations,particularly in Guinea.The literature that scrutinizes the causal interaction among FDI and poverty alleviation is relatively abundant,the fundamental statement shared by these empirical studies is that GDP growth is assumed to be relevant proxy of people well-being.However,Guinea and its FDI attraction policies have not been well approached by some of these paper.This empirical study examines the interaction between FDI inflows and poverty alleviation in Guinea from 1990 to 2017.The Human Development Index(HDI)and the per capita FDI net inflows are respectively employed as key welfare and FDI indicators.The findings from the Error Correction Model(ECM)confirm that,in the long term the variables converge in the same direction.The outcomes also exhibit that per capita FDI in the long run,negatively impacts welfare but not significantly,while Inflation’s coefficient remains positive and significant.With trade openness,we still found the same positive interaction but not significant.The results from the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model(ARDL)exhibit that per capita FDI flows[current value and L2.]have positive but not significant impact on HDI whereas FDI[L1]has a negative interaction with welfare at 10%significance level.The trade openness variable[current value]is negatively but not significantly associated with HDI,while inflation[L1 and L2]influence on human advancement is positive and significant.Overall,Foreign direct investment in Guinea is still resource seeking investment which impact on the domestic economy is very limited.Hence,government should introduce new policies and incentives in order to attract more market seeking or other types of FDI that may promote inclusive growth and alleviate poverty.
文摘Applying the slacks-based measure （SBM）-Tobit two-stage model, this paper analyzes energy efficiency in eastern China. First, the SBM model featured in taking non- desired output in calculation was employed to evaluate the energy efficiency in eastern China from 1995 to 2010. The results show that Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangdong have the highest energy efficiency while Hebei has the lowest. Next, we used the panel Tobit model to perform a regression on factors affecting energy efficiency. Our results show that optimizing industrial structure, improving energy structure and enhancing the level of economic reform can contribute to improving energy efficiency. Government influence and technological progress, on the other hand, affect energy efficiency insignificantly. The influence of socio-economic development on the energy efficiency goes from negative to positive, which adheres to the Kuznets curve hypothesis. Our findings are that the socio-economic development in eastern China has not yet passed the ＂turning point of the Kuznets curve ＂.
