Zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn_(2)S_(4)),a novel photocatalyst,has attracted considerable attention and been extensively studied over the past few years owing to its various advantages such as nontoxicity,structural stabil...Zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn_(2)S_(4)),a novel photocatalyst,has attracted considerable attention and been extensively studied over the past few years owing to its various advantages such as nontoxicity,structural stability,easy availability,suitable band gap and fascinating photocatalytic activity.This review mainly focuses on the recent state-of-art progress of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based photocatalysts.First,we briefly introduced preparation methods of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) with diverse morphological structures.Then,considering the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnIn_(2)S_(4) would be confined by rapid recombination of photo-generated electronhole pairs and limited light absorption range,different modulation strategies such as layer and size control,doping,vacancy engineering and hetero-nanostructures were expounded in detail.Afterwards,the applications of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) in various fields such as H_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction,value-added products synthesis,pollutant purification and N_(2) fixation are clearly summarized.In the end,we sorted out the conclusions and outlook,aiming to provide some new insights for this fascinating material.展开更多
In the application of persistent scatterer interferometry(PSI),deformation information is extracted from persistent scatterer(PS)points.Thus,the density and position of PS points are critical for PSI.To increase the P...In the application of persistent scatterer interferometry(PSI),deformation information is extracted from persistent scatterer(PS)points.Thus,the density and position of PS points are critical for PSI.To increase the PS density,a time-series InSAR chain termed as"super-resolution persistent scatterer interferometry"(SR-PSI)is proposed.In this study,we investigate certain important properties of SR-PSI.First,we review the main workflow and dataflow of SR-PSI.It is shown that in the implementation of the Capon algorithm,the diagonal loading(DL)approach should be only used when the condition number of the covariance matrix is sufficiently high to reduce the discontinuities between the joint images.We then discuss the density and positioning accuracy of PS when compared with traditional PSI.The theory and experimental results indicate that SR-PSI can increase the PS density in urban areas.However,it is ineffective for the rural areas,which should be an important consideration for the engineering application of SR-PSI.Furthermore,we validate that the positioning accuracy of PS can be improved by SRPSI via simulations.展开更多
Expression of estrogen receptors is correlated with breast cancer risk,but inconsistent results have been reported.To clarify potential estrogen receptor（ESR）-related breast cancer risk,we analyzed genetic variants ...Expression of estrogen receptors is correlated with breast cancer risk,but inconsistent results have been reported.To clarify potential estrogen receptor（ESR）-related breast cancer risk,we analyzed genetic variants of ESR1 in association with breast cancer susceptibility.We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between rs2234693,rs1801132,and rs2046210（single nucleotide polymorphisms of ESR1）,and breast cancer risk.Our analysis included 44 case-control studies.For rs2234693,the CC genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer compared to the TT or CT genotype.For rs2046210,the AA,GA,or GA ＋ GG genotype had a much higher risk compared to the GG genotype.No significant association was found for the rs 1801132 polymorphism with breast cancer risk.This meta-analysis demonstrates association between the rs2234693 and rs2046210 polymorphisms of ESR1 and breast cancer risk.The correlation strength between rs2234693 and breast cancer susceptibility differs in subgroup assessment by ethnicity.展开更多
Characterizing the trajectory of the healthy aging brain and exploring age-related structural changes in the brain can help deepen our understanding of the mechanism of brain aging.Currently,most structural magnetic r...Characterizing the trajectory of the healthy aging brain and exploring age-related structural changes in the brain can help deepen our understanding of the mechanism of brain aging.Currently,most structural magnetic resonance imaging literature explores brain aging merely from the perspective of morphological features,which cannot fully utilize the grayscale values containing important intrinsic information about brain structure.In this study,we propose the construction of two-dimensional horizontal visibility graphs based on the pixel intensity values of the gray matter slices directly.Normalized network structure entropy(NNSE)is then introduced to quantify the overall heterogeneities of these graphs.The results demonstrate a decrease in the NNSEs of gray matter with age.Compared with the middle-aged and the elderly,the larger values of the NNSE in the younger group may indicate more homogeneous network structures,smaller differences in importance between nodes and thus a more powerful ability to tolerate intrusion.In addition,the hub nodes of different adult age groups are primarily located in the precuneus,cingulate gyrus,superior temporal gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,insula,precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus.Our study can provide a new perspective for understanding and exploring the structural mechanism of brain aging.展开更多
The number of urban vitality assessment studies is rising continuously,owing to the emergence of geographic data.The current literature focuses primarily on evaluation,rather than implementation,of urban vitality.Henc...The number of urban vitality assessment studies is rising continuously,owing to the emergence of geographic data.The current literature focuses primarily on evaluation,rather than implementation,of urban vitality.Hence,a scoping review and research agenda are needed for urban vitality research to be more practical.This study aims to fill the research gap by exploring the content and methods of vitality assessment that can make urban vitality research more compatible with policy,planning,and design practice.We chose the neighborhood scale,which is the most practical initiative unit for vitality enhancement.We discovered that the gaps between the current research and practice primarily lie in the diversity of research subjects,the authenticity and comprehensiveness of vitality measurement,and the multi-domain of impact factor analysis.On this basis,we classified the following expandable aspects:(1) multi-type,multi-dimensional,multi-temporal,and implementation-adaptive vitality evaluation;(2) methods reflecting high-quality social interactions and the perceptions of vulnerable groups;(3) how design and urban management impacts vitality;and(4) the synergistic effects of multiple indicators on vitality.Overall,the research content and methodology presented in this paper can help neighborhood-scale vitality assessment to provide more meaningful insights for policy makers and practitioners.展开更多
There are many new and potential drug targets in G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)without sufficient ligand associations,and accurately predicting and interpreting ligand bioactivities is vital for screening and opti...There are many new and potential drug targets in G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)without sufficient ligand associations,and accurately predicting and interpreting ligand bioactivities is vital for screening and optimizing hit compounds targeting these GPCRs.To efficiently address the lack of labeled training samples,we proposed a multi-task regression learning with incoherent sparse and low-rank patterns(MTR-ISLR)to model ligand bioactivities and identify their key substructures associated with these GPCRs targets.That is,MTR-ISLR intends to enhance the performance and interpretability of models under a small size of available training data by introducing homologous GPCR tasks.Meanwhile,the low-rank constraint term encourages to catch the underlying relationship among homologous GPCR tasks for greater model generalization,and the entry-wise sparse regularization term ensures to recognize essential discriminative substructures from each task for explanative modeling.We examined MTR-ISLR on a set of 31 important human GPCRs datasets from 9 subfamilies,each with less than 400 ligand associations.The results show that MTR-ISLR reaches better performance when compared with traditional single-task learning,deep multi-task learning and multi-task learning with joint feature learning-based models on most cases,where MTR-ISLR obtains an average improvement of 7%in correlation coefficient(r2)and 12%in root mean square error(RMSE)against the runner-up predictors.The MTR-ISLR web server appends freely all source codes and data for academic usages.^(1))展开更多
Traditional geographic information system models for map representation use superposition of layers to model physical reality,neglecting the integrity of the environment and limiting the ability to express interaction...Traditional geographic information system models for map representation use superposition of layers to model physical reality,neglecting the integrity of the environment and limiting the ability to express interactions between features in complex phenomenon.This results in limitations regarding dynamic simulation and geographic causality reasoning.In this paper,we extend the framework of the geographic scene by formalizing the relationship between geographic processes and events to construct a dynamic data model:the process-event-centred dynamic data model.The key element of this data model is relationships between processes,events,and states of the natural or man-made phenomenon of interest.The identified relationships can be translated into a network of hierarchical,developmental,and causal graphs and realized in the Neo4j graph database.The implementation in the graph database supports spatio-temporal reasoning in geographic scenes and achieves an organizational framework for simulating spatio-temporal dynamics and complex calculations.The example of a 2019 mega-typhoon process is used to demonstrate the introduced process-event-centred model and its implementation in the graph database.A series of queries to the graph database show the capabilities of the data model for spatial reasoning and dynamic modeling.展开更多
Synthetic lethality describes an interaction whereby the co-occurrence of two mutations leads to cell death but one mutation alone does not,which can be exploited for cancer therapeutics.1 Due to lacking effective non...Synthetic lethality describes an interaction whereby the co-occurrence of two mutations leads to cell death but one mutation alone does not,which can be exploited for cancer therapeutics.1 Due to lacking effective nonsurgical treatment and early clinical diagnosis markers,patients have high mortality and low overall survival rates in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA).展开更多
Point clouds are widely used in Earth surface research but usually exhibit gaps of missing data.Previous point cloud restoration methods used in terrain modelling have not fully considered complex terrain characterist...Point clouds are widely used in Earth surface research but usually exhibit gaps of missing data.Previous point cloud restoration methods used in terrain modelling have not fully considered complex terrain characteristics,which can be summarised as the controlling role of topographic features in shaping terrain surfaces and the inherent similarities observed among these surfaces.This work introduces a novel method that integrates Topographic Features and Patch Matching(TFPM)into point cloud restoration processes for terrain modelling.The method mainly contains three steps.First,identifying gap boundary points.Second,topographic feature points are extracted and subsequently interpolated into the identified gaps.Third,searching other parts of the raw point cloud for patches resembling the gaps,and the identified patches are used as templates to restore the point cloud.The proposed method is benchmarked against three state-of-the-art point cloud restoration methods.The experimental results demonstrate that the TFPM method consistently exhibits superior accuracy in terrain modelling and analysis,as evidenced by low values of the root mean square error,average elevation difference,and average slope difference.This work endeavours to incorporate topographic features into point cloud restoration processes and can benefit future research related to terrain modelling and analysis.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (No. 61825503)the Natural Science of China (Nos. 51902101, 61775101 and 61804082)+1 种基金Natural Science of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20201381)Science of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (No. NY219144)。
文摘Zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn_(2)S_(4)),a novel photocatalyst,has attracted considerable attention and been extensively studied over the past few years owing to its various advantages such as nontoxicity,structural stability,easy availability,suitable band gap and fascinating photocatalytic activity.This review mainly focuses on the recent state-of-art progress of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based photocatalysts.First,we briefly introduced preparation methods of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) with diverse morphological structures.Then,considering the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnIn_(2)S_(4) would be confined by rapid recombination of photo-generated electronhole pairs and limited light absorption range,different modulation strategies such as layer and size control,doping,vacancy engineering and hetero-nanostructures were expounded in detail.Afterwards,the applications of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) in various fields such as H_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction,value-added products synthesis,pollutant purification and N_(2) fixation are clearly summarized.In the end,we sorted out the conclusions and outlook,aiming to provide some new insights for this fascinating material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62101284)the State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering and Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial Information Technology of Ministry of Natural Resources+4 种基金China Academy of Surveying and Mapping(2021-03-11)the Natural Science Project of Jiangsu Province(21KJB420003)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Start-up Fund(NY221033,NY220168)the Foundation of Jiangsu Province Shuangchuang Doctor Grant(JSSCBS20210543)Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering(20210215)。
文摘In the application of persistent scatterer interferometry(PSI),deformation information is extracted from persistent scatterer(PS)points.Thus,the density and position of PS points are critical for PSI.To increase the PS density,a time-series InSAR chain termed as"super-resolution persistent scatterer interferometry"(SR-PSI)is proposed.In this study,we investigate certain important properties of SR-PSI.First,we review the main workflow and dataflow of SR-PSI.It is shown that in the implementation of the Capon algorithm,the diagonal loading(DL)approach should be only used when the condition number of the covariance matrix is sufficiently high to reduce the discontinuities between the joint images.We then discuss the density and positioning accuracy of PS when compared with traditional PSI.The theory and experimental results indicate that SR-PSI can increase the PS density in urban areas.However,it is ineffective for the rural areas,which should be an important consideration for the engineering application of SR-PSI.Furthermore,we validate that the positioning accuracy of PS can be improved by SRPSI via simulations.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(No.81373102 to YZ,No.61301251 to LG)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.12KJB310003)+2 种基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(PAPD)Flagship Major Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionssupported by the Qing-lan Project of Jiangsu Province and the Excellent Young Teach Project of Nanjing Medical University
文摘Expression of estrogen receptors is correlated with breast cancer risk,but inconsistent results have been reported.To clarify potential estrogen receptor（ESR）-related breast cancer risk,we analyzed genetic variants of ESR1 in association with breast cancer susceptibility.We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between rs2234693,rs1801132,and rs2046210（single nucleotide polymorphisms of ESR1）,and breast cancer risk.Our analysis included 44 case-control studies.For rs2234693,the CC genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer compared to the TT or CT genotype.For rs2046210,the AA,GA,or GA ＋ GG genotype had a much higher risk compared to the GG genotype.No significant association was found for the rs 1801132 polymorphism with breast cancer risk.This meta-analysis demonstrates association between the rs2234693 and rs2046210 polymorphisms of ESR1 and breast cancer risk.The correlation strength between rs2234693 and breast cancer susceptibility differs in subgroup assessment by ethnicity.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20190736)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81701346 and 61603198)Qinglan Team of Universities in Jiangsu Province(Jiangsu Teacher Letter[2020]10 and Jiangsu Teacher Letter[2021]11).
文摘Characterizing the trajectory of the healthy aging brain and exploring age-related structural changes in the brain can help deepen our understanding of the mechanism of brain aging.Currently,most structural magnetic resonance imaging literature explores brain aging merely from the perspective of morphological features,which cannot fully utilize the grayscale values containing important intrinsic information about brain structure.In this study,we propose the construction of two-dimensional horizontal visibility graphs based on the pixel intensity values of the gray matter slices directly.Normalized network structure entropy(NNSE)is then introduced to quantify the overall heterogeneities of these graphs.The results demonstrate a decrease in the NNSEs of gray matter with age.Compared with the middle-aged and the elderly,the larger values of the NNSE in the younger group may indicate more homogeneous network structures,smaller differences in importance between nodes and thus a more powerful ability to tolerate intrusion.In addition,the hub nodes of different adult age groups are primarily located in the precuneus,cingulate gyrus,superior temporal gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,insula,precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus.Our study can provide a new perspective for understanding and exploring the structural mechanism of brain aging.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51908495。
文摘The number of urban vitality assessment studies is rising continuously,owing to the emergence of geographic data.The current literature focuses primarily on evaluation,rather than implementation,of urban vitality.Hence,a scoping review and research agenda are needed for urban vitality research to be more practical.This study aims to fill the research gap by exploring the content and methods of vitality assessment that can make urban vitality research more compatible with policy,planning,and design practice.We chose the neighborhood scale,which is the most practical initiative unit for vitality enhancement.We discovered that the gaps between the current research and practice primarily lie in the diversity of research subjects,the authenticity and comprehensiveness of vitality measurement,and the multi-domain of impact factor analysis.On this basis,we classified the following expandable aspects:(1) multi-type,multi-dimensional,multi-temporal,and implementation-adaptive vitality evaluation;(2) methods reflecting high-quality social interactions and the perceptions of vulnerable groups;(3) how design and urban management impacts vitality;and(4) the synergistic effects of multiple indicators on vitality.Overall,the research content and methodology presented in this paper can help neighborhood-scale vitality assessment to provide more meaningful insights for policy makers and practitioners.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61872198,61971216,81771478,81973512)the Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province(BK20201378)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(18KJB416005)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY218092).
文摘There are many new and potential drug targets in G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)without sufficient ligand associations,and accurately predicting and interpreting ligand bioactivities is vital for screening and optimizing hit compounds targeting these GPCRs.To efficiently address the lack of labeled training samples,we proposed a multi-task regression learning with incoherent sparse and low-rank patterns(MTR-ISLR)to model ligand bioactivities and identify their key substructures associated with these GPCRs targets.That is,MTR-ISLR intends to enhance the performance and interpretability of models under a small size of available training data by introducing homologous GPCR tasks.Meanwhile,the low-rank constraint term encourages to catch the underlying relationship among homologous GPCR tasks for greater model generalization,and the entry-wise sparse regularization term ensures to recognize essential discriminative substructures from each task for explanative modeling.We examined MTR-ISLR on a set of 31 important human GPCRs datasets from 9 subfamilies,each with less than 400 ligand associations.The results show that MTR-ISLR reaches better performance when compared with traditional single-task learning,deep multi-task learning and multi-task learning with joint feature learning-based models on most cases,where MTR-ISLR obtains an average improvement of 7%in correlation coefficient(r2)and 12%in root mean square error(RMSE)against the runner-up predictors.The MTR-ISLR web server appends freely all source codes and data for academic usages.^(1))
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41631175,42077003].
文摘Traditional geographic information system models for map representation use superposition of layers to model physical reality,neglecting the integrity of the environment and limiting the ability to express interactions between features in complex phenomenon.This results in limitations regarding dynamic simulation and geographic causality reasoning.In this paper,we extend the framework of the geographic scene by formalizing the relationship between geographic processes and events to construct a dynamic data model:the process-event-centred dynamic data model.The key element of this data model is relationships between processes,events,and states of the natural or man-made phenomenon of interest.The identified relationships can be translated into a network of hierarchical,developmental,and causal graphs and realized in the Neo4j graph database.The implementation in the graph database supports spatio-temporal reasoning in geographic scenes and achieves an organizational framework for simulating spatio-temporal dynamics and complex calculations.The example of a 2019 mega-typhoon process is used to demonstrate the introduced process-event-centred model and its implementation in the graph database.A series of queries to the graph database show the capabilities of the data model for spatial reasoning and dynamic modeling.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171236 and 61771251)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu,China(No.BK20171443)+2 种基金sponsored by NUPTSF,China(No.NY220041)the Qinglan Project in Jiangsu Provincethe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(PAPD),China.
文摘Synthetic lethality describes an interaction whereby the co-occurrence of two mutations leads to cell death but one mutation alone does not,which can be exploited for cancer therapeutics.1 Due to lacking effective nonsurgical treatment and early clinical diagnosis markers,patients have high mortality and low overall survival rates in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant[41971333,41930102,42371407]Priority Academic Programme Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions under Grant[164320H116]The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)Big Science Program.
文摘Point clouds are widely used in Earth surface research but usually exhibit gaps of missing data.Previous point cloud restoration methods used in terrain modelling have not fully considered complex terrain characteristics,which can be summarised as the controlling role of topographic features in shaping terrain surfaces and the inherent similarities observed among these surfaces.This work introduces a novel method that integrates Topographic Features and Patch Matching(TFPM)into point cloud restoration processes for terrain modelling.The method mainly contains three steps.First,identifying gap boundary points.Second,topographic feature points are extracted and subsequently interpolated into the identified gaps.Third,searching other parts of the raw point cloud for patches resembling the gaps,and the identified patches are used as templates to restore the point cloud.The proposed method is benchmarked against three state-of-the-art point cloud restoration methods.The experimental results demonstrate that the TFPM method consistently exhibits superior accuracy in terrain modelling and analysis,as evidenced by low values of the root mean square error,average elevation difference,and average slope difference.This work endeavours to incorporate topographic features into point cloud restoration processes and can benefit future research related to terrain modelling and analysis.
