This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0...This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.1)Mo_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(B S CNM_(0.05)),Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.05)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BSCNM_(0.1)),and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Mo_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCM)—with Mo doping contents of 5mol%,10mol%,and15mol%,respectively,were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method.The effects of Mo doping on the crystal structure,conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis,thermally induced characterization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and single-cell performance tests.The results revealed that Mo doping could improve the conductivity of the materials,suppress their thermal expansion effects,and significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Surface chemical state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that 5mol%Mo doping could facilitate a high adsorbed oxygen concentration leading to enhanced ORR activity in the materials.Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Mo doping promoted the ORR activity in the materials.At an operating temperature of 600℃,the BSCNM_(0.05)cathode material exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical impedance characteristics,with a reduced area specific resistance of 0.048Ω·cm~2,which was lower than that of the undoped BSCN matrix material by 32.39%.At the same operating temperature,an anode-supported single cell using a BSCNM_(0.05)cathode achieved a peak power density of 1477 mW·cm^(-2),which was 30.71%,56.30%,and 171.50%higher than those of BSCN,BSCNM_(0.1),and B SCM,respectively.The improved ORR activity and electrochemical performance of BSCNM_(0.05)indicate that it can be used as a cathode material in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.展开更多
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and environment-friendly source for renewable energy production.The value and application of biochar,which is obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass,is increasing...Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and environment-friendly source for renewable energy production.The value and application of biochar,which is obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass,is increasing rapidly because of its high carbon content and porosity.The property of biochar,such as surface area,porosity,and number of functional groups,can be improved by controlling the conditions of biomass conversion,biochar activation,and functionalization methods.The production and activation of biochar as well as its potential use for soil remediation,pollutant adsorption,and biorefinery have been reviewed extensively over recent decades.This paper provides a conceptual approach for biochar production and activation together with its application as a catalyst for biorefineries and the removal of environmental contaminants.展开更多
A series of multi-hydroxyl bis-(quaternary ammonium)ionic liquids(Ils1‒7)was prepared as bifunctional catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO_(2).All these ionic liquid compounds were efficient for the catalytic syn...A series of multi-hydroxyl bis-(quaternary ammonium)ionic liquids(Ils1‒7)was prepared as bifunctional catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO_(2).All these ionic liquid compounds were efficient for the catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones via the cycloaddition reactions between CO_(2) and epoxides or aziridines with excellent yield and high selectivity in the absence of co-catalyst,metal and solvent.Due to the synergistic effects of hydroxyl groups and halogen anion,the cycloaddition reactions proceeded smoothly either at atmospheric pressure or room temperature.The selectivity for substituted oxazolidinones at 5-and 4-positions can be tuned via changing the reaction conditions.Finally,possible mechanisms including the activation of both CO_(2) and epoxide or aziridines were proposed based on the literatures and experimental results.展开更多
The catalytic direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)from CO_(2)and methanol is a crucial approach to utilizing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals.However,the high stability of the CO_(2)molecule imposes the...The catalytic direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)from CO_(2)and methanol is a crucial approach to utilizing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals.However,the high stability of the CO_(2)molecule imposes thermodynamic limitations on this reaction pathway,along with challenges related to insufficient catalyst activity and stability.Currently,solutions primarily focus on developing efficient catalyst.Herein,La-doped CeO_(2)nanoflower catalysts(La_(x)CeO_(2))were synthesized via hydrothermal method.Characterization reveals that La doping optimizes the pore structure and enriched oxygen vacancies,thereby enhancing catalytic performance.Notably,La_(0.1)CeO_(2)exhibits the largest pore size and highest oxygen vacancy content,achieving a remarkable DMC productivity of 9.42 mmol/g under 140℃,4 MPa of CO_(2),and 3 h of reactio n,surpassing pure CeO_(2)nano flowers.Based on experimental findings and in-situ diffuse infrared Fourier transform analysis,a plausible reaction pathway was proposed.This work underscores the potential of La_(x)CeO_(2)nano flowers as efficient catalysts for sustainable CO_(2)conversion to DMC.展开更多
By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox ...By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox reactions in supercapacitors.Through a gentle biomineralization process and subsequent thermal reduction strategy,we successfully prepared the graphene oxide(GO)wrapping mixed-valence manganese oxides(MnO_(x))and S,P self-codoped carbon matrix porous composite(MnO_(x)@SPC@reduced graphene oxide(RGO)).During the biomineralization process of engineered Pseudomonas sp.(Ml)cells,GO nanosheets functioned as the'soil'to adsorb Mn^(2+)ion and uniformly disperse biogenic Mn oxides(BMO).After undergoing annealing,the MnO_(x) nanoparticles were evenly wrapped with graphene,resulting in the creation of the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 composite.This composite possesses strong C—O—Mn bond interfaces,numerous electroactive sites,and a uniform pore structure.By optimizing the synergistic interaction between the highly conductive graphene and the remarkable surface capacitance of MnO_(x),the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 electrode,with its intercalation Faraday reactions mechanism of■transformations,exhibits an outstanding specific capacity(448.3 F·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1)),multiplying performance(340.5 F·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1)),and cycling stability(93.8%retention after 5000 cycles).Moreover,the asymmetric all-solidstate supercapacitors of MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3//PC exhibit an exceptional energy density of 64.8 W·h·kg^(-1)and power density of 350 W·kg^(-1),as well as a long lifespan with capacitance retention of 92.5%after10000 cycles.In conclusion,the synthetic route utilizing biomineralization and thermal reduction exhibits significant potential for exploiting high-performance electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitor applications.展开更多
The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a hi...The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a high-temperature calcination method to enhance the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH).The experimental results demonstrated that the band gap of ZnO/HNTs decreased to 3.12 eV,compared to 3.21 eV for pure ZnO.The observed removal rate(k_(obs))of TCH in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system was 1.90×10^(-2) min^(-1),significantly higher than the rates in the HNTs/vis(1.25×10^(-3)min^(-1))and ZnO/vis(1.13×10^(-2) min^(-1))systems.Additionally,ZnO/HNTs exhibited strong resistance to coexisting natural organic and inorganic matter,maintaining high pollutant removal efficiency in natural water samples.The ZnO/HNTs/vis system also effectively removed other common organic pollutants,such as ciprofloxacin and methylene blue.Cycle tests indicated that the ZnO/HNTs/vis system retained 65.57%of its original efficiency,demonstrating good reusability and versatility.Scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments identified that h+was the primary species in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system,with other species playing auxiliary roles in TCH degradation.This study provides valuable insights into the design of novel ZnO-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in water.展开更多
This study explores,for the first time,the influence of various C1 gases,such as methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and biogas(CH4+CO_(2)),on catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste(polypropylene)to evaluate their po...This study explores,for the first time,the influence of various C1 gases,such as methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and biogas(CH4+CO_(2)),on catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste(polypropylene)to evaluate their potential in producing aromatic hydrocarbons.Also,this study used the 0.5 wt%,1 wt%,3 wt%,and 5 wt%Ga-modified ZSM-5 catalyst and its reduction-oxidation processed catalysts owing to their promising catalytic properties.According to the results,the highest yield(39.5 wt%)of BTEX(benzene,toluene,xylene,and ethylbenzene)was achieved under CH4 over RO-GHZ(1)catalyst among all tested conditions.The reduction-oxidation process not only promotes a significant reduction of the Ga-size but also induces its diffusion inside the pore,compared to GHZ(1).This leads to the formation of highly active GaO^(+)ionic species,balancing the Lewis/Brönsted ratio,thereby accelerating the aromatization reaction.The effect of Ga loading on the RO-GHZ catalyst was also evaluated systematically,which showed a negative impact on the BTEX yield owing to the lowering in the concentration of active GaO+species.A detailed catalyst characterization supports the experimental results well.展开更多
Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC...Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4))were fabricated to achieve the efficient photocatalytic degradation and detoxification of ciprofloxacin(CIP)under simulated solar light.NaNbO_(3)nanocubes were in-situ transformed from Na_(2)Nb_(2)O_(6)·H_(2)O via thermal dehydration at the interface of g-C_(3)N_(4).The optimized NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)-1 was a type-I heterojunction,which showed a high conduction band(CB)level of−1.68 eV,leading to the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons to O_(2) to produce primary reactive species,•O_(2)^(-).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations of the density of states indicated that C 2p and Nb 3d contributed to the CB,and 0.37 e^(-)transferred from NaNbO_(3)to g-C_(3)N_(4)in NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)based on the Mulliken population analysis of the built-in electric field intensity.NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)-1 had 3.3-and 2.3-fold of CIP degradation rate constants(k_(1)=0.173 min^(−1))compared with those of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4)and NaNbO_(3),respectively.In addition,N24,N19,and C5 in CIP with a high Fukui index were reactive sites for electrophilic attack by•O_(2)^(-),resulting in the defluorination and ring-opening of the piperazine moiety of the dominant degradation pathways.Intermediate/product identification,integrated with computational toxicity evaluation,further indicated a substantial detoxification effect during CIP degradation in the photocatalysis system.展开更多
Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation...Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.展开更多
CeO2/γ-Al2O3, La203/γ-Al2O3, CeO2-La203/γ-Al2O3 and CeO2-La2O3, which were prepared by impregnating in certain ratio, were used as the catalysts for the reduction of SO2 and NO by CO. Separate and simultaneous remo...CeO2/γ-Al2O3, La203/γ-Al2O3, CeO2-La203/γ-Al2O3 and CeO2-La2O3, which were prepared by impregnating in certain ratio, were used as the catalysts for the reduction of SO2 and NO by CO. Separate and simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO over LaEO3/γ-Al2O3, CeOE/γ-Al2O3, CeOE-LaEO3/γ-Al2O3 were investigated. The phase characteristics of catalysts were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The result shows that the conversions of SO2 and NO are above 98 % over CeOE/γ-Al2O3 and CeOE-LaEO3/γ-Al2O3. After SO2 is added in the NO-CO-N2 system （NO ：SO2 = 1：2 - 1 ： 3）, the conversions of SO2 and NO are both above 98%. Furthermore, it is found that CeO2-La2O3 with various ratios has different activity for the simultaneous reduction of SO2 and NO.展开更多
We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity i...We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity is at its highest when the following conditions are met:slime water concentration 27.42 g/L;coagulant aid(CaCl_2) mass concentration 5.0 g/L;two-segment stirrings:the first at a stirring speed of 60 r/min for 180 s and the second 180 r/min for 60 s;a pH of 11 and a flocculant concentration of 15 mL/L.The flocculation activity can be up to 98.71%of bioflocculants at the time.Further experiments indicate that most of the flocculation active material is found outside the mycelium cells.This is the extracellular secretion produced by mycelium cells during the fermentation process.This flocculant has strong thermal stability.Many kinds of cations have a flocculation function to assist bioflocculants.This aid-flocculation effect of the divalent cation Ca^(2+) is obvious in the bioflocculant produced by the white-rot fungus.Therefore,this is of great value when applied to control engineering in the battle against water pollution.展开更多
Recently,heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS) to oxidatively degrade organic pollutants has been a hotspot.In the present work,copper ferrite-graphite oxide hybrid(CuFe2 O4@GO)was prepared and used as ca...Recently,heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS) to oxidatively degrade organic pollutants has been a hotspot.In the present work,copper ferrite-graphite oxide hybrid(CuFe2 O4@GO)was prepared and used as catalyst to activate PMS for degradation of methylene blue(MB) in aqueous solution.A high degradation efficiency(93.3%) was achieved at the experimental conditions of20 mg/L MB,200 mg/L CuFe2 O4@GO,0.8 mmol/L PMS,and 25℃temperature.Moreover,CuFe2 O4@GO showed an excellent reusability and stability.The effects of various operational parameters including pollutant type,solution pH,catalyst dosage,PMS dosage,pollutant concentration,temperature,natural organic matter(NOM),and inorganic anions on the catalytic degradation process were comprehensively investigated and elucidated.The further mechanistic study revealed the Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ) redox couple on CuFe2 O4@GO played the dominant role in PMS activation,where both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were generated and proceeded the degradation of pollutants.In general,CuFe2 O4@GO is a promising heterocatalyst for PMS-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) in wastewater treatment.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system in the deeolodzation of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater.The Acid ...The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system in the deeolodzation of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater.The Acid Orange 7-degrading microbial from anaerobic sequencing batch reactor which treating the azo dye-containing wastewater for more than 200 d was immobilized on spent granular activated carbon(GAC)through attachment.The GAC-biofilm configured packed column system showed the ability to decolorize 10...展开更多
Antibiotic pollution has become a global eco-environmental issue.To reduce sulfonamide antibiotics in water and improve resource utilization of solid wastes,phosphogypsummodified biochar composite(PMBC)was prepared vi...Antibiotic pollution has become a global eco-environmental issue.To reduce sulfonamide antibiotics in water and improve resource utilization of solid wastes,phosphogypsummodified biochar composite(PMBC)was prepared via facile one-step from distillers grains,wood chips,and phosphogypsum.The physicochemical properties of PMBCwere characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Zeta potential,X-ray diffraction(XRD),etc.The influencing factors,adsorption behaviors,and mechanisms of sulfadiazine(SD)and sulfamethazine(SMT)onto PMBC were studied by batch and fixed bed column adsorption experiments.The results showed that the removal rates of SD and SMT increased with the increase of phosphogypsum proportion,while decreased with the increase of solution pH.The maximum adsorption capacities of modified distillers grain and wood chips biochars for SD were 2.98 and 4.18 mg/g,and for SMT were 4.40 and 8.91mg/g,respectively,which was 9.0–22.3 times that of pristine biochar.Fixed bed column results demonstrated that PMBC had good adsorption capacities for SD and SMT.When the solution flow rate was 2.0 mL/min and the dosage of PMBC was 5.0 g,the removal rates of SD and SMT by modified wood chips biochar were both higher than 50%in 4 hr.The main mechanisms of SD and SMT removal by PMBC are hydrogen bonding,π-πdonor-acceptor,electrostatic interaction,and hydrophobic interaction.This study provides an effective method for the removal of antibiotics in water and the resource utilization of phosphogypsum.展开更多
Hybrid growth microorganisms in sequencing batch reactors have proven effective for treating the toxic compound phenol, but the toxicity effect under different toxicity conditions has rarely been discussed. Therefore,...Hybrid growth microorganisms in sequencing batch reactors have proven effective for treating the toxic compound phenol, but the toxicity effect under different toxicity conditions has rarely been discussed. Therefore, the performance of the HG-SBR under toxic, acute and chronic organic loading can provide the overall operating conditions of the system. Toxic organic loading(TOL) was monitored during the first 7 hr while introducing50 mg/L phenol to the system. The system was adversely affected with the sudden introduction of phenol to the virgin activated sludge, which caused a low degradation rate and high dissolved oxygen consumption during TOL. Acute organic loading(AOL) had significant effects at high phenol concentrations(600, 800 1000 mg/L). The specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) gradually decreased to 4.9 mg O_2/(g MLVSS·hr) at 1000 mg/L of phenol compared to 12.74 mg O_2/(g MLVSS·hr) for 200 mg/L of phenol. The HG-SBR was further monitored during chronic organic loading(COL) over 67 days. The effects of organic loading were more apparent at 800 mg/L and 1000 mg/L phenol concentrations, as the removal range was between 22%–30% and 18%–46% respectively, which indicated the severe effects of COL.展开更多
A precondition for correctly analyzing the stability of a slope and designing its bracing structure is to study and determine the influence of excavation blasting on the properties of weak intercalation in the layered...A precondition for correctly analyzing the stability of a slope and designing its bracing structure is to study and determine the influence of excavation blasting on the properties of weak intercalation in the layered rock slope. On the basis of in-situ stratification-cracking blasting tests, the properties of weak intercalation were investigated using the LS-DYNA3D program. The displacement distribution and compactness of weak intercalation at different positions away from the charge center and their various laws are discussed. The critical displacement of stratification-cracking （0.1 mm） was obtained, and an approximate expression of compactness were deduced. Furthermore, through the simulation of a layered rock blasting under the same geological conditions, the stratification-cracking effect of deep-hole blasting on the properties of weak intercalation was compared with that of short-hole blasting, and the influencing differences, in addition to their causes, were analyzed. The results indicated that the blasting cavity of weak intercalation in short-hole blasting with a radius of 40 mm was nearly a circle, whose radius was about 28.7 cm; whereas in deep-hole blasting with a radius of 150 mm, the shape of the blasting cavity was different from that in short-hole blasting, the radius of the cavity behind the charge （89.1 cm） was further smaller than those of the other three （138.7 cm）, and there were sharp crinkles on the surface of weak intercalation. When the distance from the charge center （DCC） was less than 40 and 150 cm in short-hole and deep-hole blasting, respectively, the displacement of weak intercalation was reduced remarkably with the increase in DCC.展开更多
Many types of plastic products,including polystyrene,have long been used in commercial and industrial applications.Microplastics and nanoplastics,plastic particles derived from these plastic products,are emerging as e...Many types of plastic products,including polystyrene,have long been used in commercial and industrial applications.Microplastics and nanoplastics,plastic particles derived from these plastic products,are emerging as environmental pollutants that can pose health risks to a wide variety of living organisms,including humans.However,it is not well understood how microplastics and nanoplastics affect cellular functions and induce stress responses.Humans can be exposed to polystyrene-microplastics and polystyrene-nanoplastics through ingestion,inhalation,or skin contact.Most ingested plastics are excreted from the body,but inhaled plastics may accumulate in the lungs and can even reach the brain via the nose-to-brain route.Small-sized polystyrene-nanoplastics can enter cells by endocytosis,accumulate in the cytoplasm,and cause various cellular stresses,such as inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production,oxidative stress with generation of reactive oxygen species,and mitochondrial dysfunction.They induce autophagy activation and autophagosome formation,but autophagic flux may be impaired due to lysosomal dysfunction.Unless permanently exposed to polystyrene-nanoplastics,they can be removed from cells by exocytosis and subsequently restore cellular function.However,neurons are very susceptible to this type of stress,thus even acute exposure can lead to neurodegeneration without recovery.This review focuses specifically on recent advances in research on polystyrene-nanoplastic-induced cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity.Furthermore,in this review,based on mechanistic studies of polystyrene-nanoplastics at the cellular level other than neurons,future directions for overcoming the negative effects of polystyrene-nanoplastics on neurons were suggested.展开更多
The vibrations induced by the passage of high-speed trains(HSTs)are considered a crucial issue in the field of environmental and geotechnical engineering.Several wave barriers have been investigated to reduce the detr...The vibrations induced by the passage of high-speed trains(HSTs)are considered a crucial issue in the field of environmental and geotechnical engineering.Several wave barriers have been investigated to reduce the detrimental effects of HST-induced vibrations.This study is focused on the potential implementation of an innovative mitigation technique to alleviate the developed vibrations.In particular,the use of expanded polystyrene(EPS)blocks as partial fill material of embankment slopes was examined.The efficiency of the proposed mitigation technique was numerically investigated.More specifically,a 3 D soil-track model was developed to study the cross-section of a railway track,embankment,and the underlying soil layers.The passage of the HST,Thalys,was simulated using a moving load method,and the soil response was calculated at several distances from the track.Several parameters influenced the effectiveness of the examined mitigation measure.Therefore,to ensure an optimal design,a robust procedure is necessary which considers the impact of these factors.Hence,the implementation of EPS blocks on several embankments with different geometry,in terms of height and slope angle,was investigated.展开更多
Thermogravimetric study of rubber compositions （operating glove and catheter） in medical waste was carried out using the thermogravimetric analyser （TGA）,at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min in a stream of N2.The resu...Thermogravimetric study of rubber compositions （operating glove and catheter） in medical waste was carried out using the thermogravimetric analyser （TGA）,at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min in a stream of N2.The results indicate that the decomposition process of operating glove appears an obvious mass loss stage at 250-485 ℃,while catheter has two obvious stages at 240-510 ℃ and 655-800 ℃,respectively; both samples present endothermic pyrolysis reaction; the decomposition of operating glove and the first mass loss stage of catheter are in agreement with natural rubber pyrolysis; the second mass loss stage of catheter corresponds to CaCO3 decomposition.Based on the experimental results,a novel two-step four-reaction model was established to simulate the whole continuous processes,which could more satisfactorily describe and predict the pyrolysis processes of rubber compositions,being more mechanistic and conveniently serving for the engineering.展开更多
Fish scale （FS） loaded TiO2 composites were investigated as photocatalysts in degradation of Methyl Orange under solar light irradiation. Composites were prepared through sol-gel method by varying mass ratio of TiO2...Fish scale （FS） loaded TiO2 composites were investigated as photocatalysts in degradation of Methyl Orange under solar light irradiation. Composites were prepared through sol-gel method by varying mass ratio of TiO2/FS at 90：10, 70：30 and 50：50, respectively. The catalysts prepared in this study were characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR and nitrogen sorption. The effects of solar irradiation, mass ratio of TiO//FS composites, irradiation time and catalyst loadings were studied. Synergistic effect was found in TiO2/FS of 90：10 composite which performed higher photocatalytic degradation than synthesized TiO2 under solar light irradiation. However, further increasing fish scale content in the composites reduced the photocatalytic activity drastically. Under solar light irradiation, all the catalysts in this study exhibited photocatalytic activity, except TiO2/FS of 50：50 composite that only acted as a weak biosorbent without performing any photocatalytic property. Photocatalytic degradation increased with increasing catalyst loading and irradiation time but decreased with increased of initial dye concentration.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309067)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,China(No.KL21-05)the Marine Equipment and Technology Institute,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,China(No.XTCX202404)。
文摘This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.1)Mo_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(B S CNM_(0.05)),Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.05)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BSCNM_(0.1)),and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Mo_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCM)—with Mo doping contents of 5mol%,10mol%,and15mol%,respectively,were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method.The effects of Mo doping on the crystal structure,conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis,thermally induced characterization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and single-cell performance tests.The results revealed that Mo doping could improve the conductivity of the materials,suppress their thermal expansion effects,and significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Surface chemical state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that 5mol%Mo doping could facilitate a high adsorbed oxygen concentration leading to enhanced ORR activity in the materials.Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Mo doping promoted the ORR activity in the materials.At an operating temperature of 600℃,the BSCNM_(0.05)cathode material exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical impedance characteristics,with a reduced area specific resistance of 0.048Ω·cm~2,which was lower than that of the undoped BSCN matrix material by 32.39%.At the same operating temperature,an anode-supported single cell using a BSCNM_(0.05)cathode achieved a peak power density of 1477 mW·cm^(-2),which was 30.71%,56.30%,and 171.50%higher than those of BSCN,BSCNM_(0.1),and B SCM,respectively.The improved ORR activity and electrochemical performance of BSCNM_(0.05)indicate that it can be used as a cathode material in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.
基金supported by the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT(No. 2017MIA2A2086839)supported by Nano-Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korean(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(No.NRF-2015M3A7B4049714)
文摘Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and environment-friendly source for renewable energy production.The value and application of biochar,which is obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass,is increasing rapidly because of its high carbon content and porosity.The property of biochar,such as surface area,porosity,and number of functional groups,can be improved by controlling the conditions of biomass conversion,biochar activation,and functionalization methods.The production and activation of biochar as well as its potential use for soil remediation,pollutant adsorption,and biorefinery have been reviewed extensively over recent decades.This paper provides a conceptual approach for biochar production and activation together with its application as a catalyst for biorefineries and the removal of environmental contaminants.
文摘A series of multi-hydroxyl bis-(quaternary ammonium)ionic liquids(Ils1‒7)was prepared as bifunctional catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO_(2).All these ionic liquid compounds were efficient for the catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones via the cycloaddition reactions between CO_(2) and epoxides or aziridines with excellent yield and high selectivity in the absence of co-catalyst,metal and solvent.Due to the synergistic effects of hydroxyl groups and halogen anion,the cycloaddition reactions proceeded smoothly either at atmospheric pressure or room temperature.The selectivity for substituted oxazolidinones at 5-and 4-positions can be tuned via changing the reaction conditions.Finally,possible mechanisms including the activation of both CO_(2) and epoxide or aziridines were proposed based on the literatures and experimental results.
基金supported by Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Plan Special Fund(BZ2022053)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42476239)+1 种基金Natural Science Research Projects of Universities in Jiangsu Province(24KJD530004)the Dean/Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology(2021K008)。
文摘The catalytic direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)from CO_(2)and methanol is a crucial approach to utilizing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals.However,the high stability of the CO_(2)molecule imposes thermodynamic limitations on this reaction pathway,along with challenges related to insufficient catalyst activity and stability.Currently,solutions primarily focus on developing efficient catalyst.Herein,La-doped CeO_(2)nanoflower catalysts(La_(x)CeO_(2))were synthesized via hydrothermal method.Characterization reveals that La doping optimizes the pore structure and enriched oxygen vacancies,thereby enhancing catalytic performance.Notably,La_(0.1)CeO_(2)exhibits the largest pore size and highest oxygen vacancy content,achieving a remarkable DMC productivity of 9.42 mmol/g under 140℃,4 MPa of CO_(2),and 3 h of reactio n,surpassing pure CeO_(2)nano flowers.Based on experimental findings and in-situ diffuse infrared Fourier transform analysis,a plausible reaction pathway was proposed.This work underscores the potential of La_(x)CeO_(2)nano flowers as efficient catalysts for sustainable CO_(2)conversion to DMC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900005)the Fund of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(242102231001,242102320362,242102320157)+1 种基金the Fund of Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province(23IRTSTHN009)Fund of Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(22A150048)。
文摘By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox reactions in supercapacitors.Through a gentle biomineralization process and subsequent thermal reduction strategy,we successfully prepared the graphene oxide(GO)wrapping mixed-valence manganese oxides(MnO_(x))and S,P self-codoped carbon matrix porous composite(MnO_(x)@SPC@reduced graphene oxide(RGO)).During the biomineralization process of engineered Pseudomonas sp.(Ml)cells,GO nanosheets functioned as the'soil'to adsorb Mn^(2+)ion and uniformly disperse biogenic Mn oxides(BMO).After undergoing annealing,the MnO_(x) nanoparticles were evenly wrapped with graphene,resulting in the creation of the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 composite.This composite possesses strong C—O—Mn bond interfaces,numerous electroactive sites,and a uniform pore structure.By optimizing the synergistic interaction between the highly conductive graphene and the remarkable surface capacitance of MnO_(x),the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 electrode,with its intercalation Faraday reactions mechanism of■transformations,exhibits an outstanding specific capacity(448.3 F·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1)),multiplying performance(340.5 F·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1)),and cycling stability(93.8%retention after 5000 cycles).Moreover,the asymmetric all-solidstate supercapacitors of MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3//PC exhibit an exceptional energy density of 64.8 W·h·kg^(-1)and power density of 350 W·kg^(-1),as well as a long lifespan with capacitance retention of 92.5%after10000 cycles.In conclusion,the synthetic route utilizing biomineralization and thermal reduction exhibits significant potential for exploiting high-performance electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitor applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52270149,51908528,2200013)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.242300421443)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Key Project of Henan Province,China(No.242102321073)Doctoral Fund Project of Henan University of Technology,China(Nos.2020BS005,2023BS004).
文摘The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a high-temperature calcination method to enhance the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH).The experimental results demonstrated that the band gap of ZnO/HNTs decreased to 3.12 eV,compared to 3.21 eV for pure ZnO.The observed removal rate(k_(obs))of TCH in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system was 1.90×10^(-2) min^(-1),significantly higher than the rates in the HNTs/vis(1.25×10^(-3)min^(-1))and ZnO/vis(1.13×10^(-2) min^(-1))systems.Additionally,ZnO/HNTs exhibited strong resistance to coexisting natural organic and inorganic matter,maintaining high pollutant removal efficiency in natural water samples.The ZnO/HNTs/vis system also effectively removed other common organic pollutants,such as ciprofloxacin and methylene blue.Cycle tests indicated that the ZnO/HNTs/vis system retained 65.57%of its original efficiency,demonstrating good reusability and versatility.Scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments identified that h+was the primary species in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system,with other species playing auxiliary roles in TCH degradation.This study provides valuable insights into the design of novel ZnO-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in water.
文摘This study explores,for the first time,the influence of various C1 gases,such as methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and biogas(CH4+CO_(2)),on catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste(polypropylene)to evaluate their potential in producing aromatic hydrocarbons.Also,this study used the 0.5 wt%,1 wt%,3 wt%,and 5 wt%Ga-modified ZSM-5 catalyst and its reduction-oxidation processed catalysts owing to their promising catalytic properties.According to the results,the highest yield(39.5 wt%)of BTEX(benzene,toluene,xylene,and ethylbenzene)was achieved under CH4 over RO-GHZ(1)catalyst among all tested conditions.The reduction-oxidation process not only promotes a significant reduction of the Ga-size but also induces its diffusion inside the pore,compared to GHZ(1).This leads to the formation of highly active GaO^(+)ionic species,balancing the Lewis/Brönsted ratio,thereby accelerating the aromatization reaction.The effect of Ga loading on the RO-GHZ catalyst was also evaluated systematically,which showed a negative impact on the BTEX yield owing to the lowering in the concentration of active GaO+species.A detailed catalyst characterization supports the experimental results well.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFA1202500 and 2022YFF1303004)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220531093205013)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52100069,52270053 and 52200084)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232035),the Beijing Nova Program(No.20220484215)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(No.BNLMS2023011)Emerging Engineering Interdisciplinary-Young Scholars Project(Peking University),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities are greatly acknowledgedsupported by the High-Performance Computing Platform of Peking Universitythe National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(EarthLab)are also acknowledgedsupported by the program of“Research on Advanced Treatment Technology of New Pollutants in Domestic Sewage of Residential District”.
文摘Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4))were fabricated to achieve the efficient photocatalytic degradation and detoxification of ciprofloxacin(CIP)under simulated solar light.NaNbO_(3)nanocubes were in-situ transformed from Na_(2)Nb_(2)O_(6)·H_(2)O via thermal dehydration at the interface of g-C_(3)N_(4).The optimized NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)-1 was a type-I heterojunction,which showed a high conduction band(CB)level of−1.68 eV,leading to the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons to O_(2) to produce primary reactive species,•O_(2)^(-).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations of the density of states indicated that C 2p and Nb 3d contributed to the CB,and 0.37 e^(-)transferred from NaNbO_(3)to g-C_(3)N_(4)in NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)based on the Mulliken population analysis of the built-in electric field intensity.NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)-1 had 3.3-and 2.3-fold of CIP degradation rate constants(k_(1)=0.173 min^(−1))compared with those of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4)and NaNbO_(3),respectively.In addition,N24,N19,and C5 in CIP with a high Fukui index were reactive sites for electrophilic attack by•O_(2)^(-),resulting in the defluorination and ring-opening of the piperazine moiety of the dominant degradation pathways.Intermediate/product identification,integrated with computational toxicity evaluation,further indicated a substantial detoxification effect during CIP degradation in the photocatalysis system.
基金supported by the introduction of Talent Research Fund in Nanjing Institute of Technology(YKJ202204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52401282 and 52300206)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230701 and BK20230705).
文摘Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.
基金Project supportd bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China (50237010)
文摘CeO2/γ-Al2O3, La203/γ-Al2O3, CeO2-La203/γ-Al2O3 and CeO2-La2O3, which were prepared by impregnating in certain ratio, were used as the catalysts for the reduction of SO2 and NO by CO. Separate and simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO over LaEO3/γ-Al2O3, CeOE/γ-Al2O3, CeOE-LaEO3/γ-Al2O3 were investigated. The phase characteristics of catalysts were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The result shows that the conversions of SO2 and NO are above 98 % over CeOE/γ-Al2O3 and CeOE-LaEO3/γ-Al2O3. After SO2 is added in the NO-CO-N2 system （NO ：SO2 = 1：2 - 1 ： 3）, the conversions of SO2 and NO are both above 98%. Furthermore, it is found that CeO2-La2O3 with various ratios has different activity for the simultaneous reduction of SO2 and NO.
基金the Shenhuo Mining Group Co.Ltd.,China for its financial support.At the same time,we also thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40373044)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.05KJD610209) for their supportthe Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering for its technical support.
文摘We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity is at its highest when the following conditions are met:slime water concentration 27.42 g/L;coagulant aid(CaCl_2) mass concentration 5.0 g/L;two-segment stirrings:the first at a stirring speed of 60 r/min for 180 s and the second 180 r/min for 60 s;a pH of 11 and a flocculant concentration of 15 mL/L.The flocculation activity can be up to 98.71%of bioflocculants at the time.Further experiments indicate that most of the flocculation active material is found outside the mycelium cells.This is the extracellular secretion produced by mycelium cells during the fermentation process.This flocculant has strong thermal stability.Many kinds of cations have a flocculation function to assist bioflocculants.This aid-flocculation effect of the divalent cation Ca^(2+) is obvious in the bioflocculant produced by the white-rot fungus.Therefore,this is of great value when applied to control engineering in the battle against water pollution.
基金the Collaborative Innovation Plan of Hubei Province for Key Technologies in the Eco-Ramie Industryfinancially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China (No.2018CFB515)the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41701541)
文摘Recently,heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS) to oxidatively degrade organic pollutants has been a hotspot.In the present work,copper ferrite-graphite oxide hybrid(CuFe2 O4@GO)was prepared and used as catalyst to activate PMS for degradation of methylene blue(MB) in aqueous solution.A high degradation efficiency(93.3%) was achieved at the experimental conditions of20 mg/L MB,200 mg/L CuFe2 O4@GO,0.8 mmol/L PMS,and 25℃temperature.Moreover,CuFe2 O4@GO showed an excellent reusability and stability.The effects of various operational parameters including pollutant type,solution pH,catalyst dosage,PMS dosage,pollutant concentration,temperature,natural organic matter(NOM),and inorganic anions on the catalytic degradation process were comprehensively investigated and elucidated.The further mechanistic study revealed the Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ) redox couple on CuFe2 O4@GO played the dominant role in PMS activation,where both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were generated and proceeded the degradation of pollutants.In general,CuFe2 O4@GO is a promising heterocatalyst for PMS-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) in wastewater treatment.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system in the deeolodzation of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater.The Acid Orange 7-degrading microbial from anaerobic sequencing batch reactor which treating the azo dye-containing wastewater for more than 200 d was immobilized on spent granular activated carbon(GAC)through attachment.The GAC-biofilm configured packed column system showed the ability to decolorize 10...
基金supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(No.ZK(2022)016)the Special Research Fund of Natural Science(Special Post)of Guizhou University(No.(2020)01)the Key Cultivation Program of Guizhou University(No.2019(08)).
文摘Antibiotic pollution has become a global eco-environmental issue.To reduce sulfonamide antibiotics in water and improve resource utilization of solid wastes,phosphogypsummodified biochar composite(PMBC)was prepared via facile one-step from distillers grains,wood chips,and phosphogypsum.The physicochemical properties of PMBCwere characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Zeta potential,X-ray diffraction(XRD),etc.The influencing factors,adsorption behaviors,and mechanisms of sulfadiazine(SD)and sulfamethazine(SMT)onto PMBC were studied by batch and fixed bed column adsorption experiments.The results showed that the removal rates of SD and SMT increased with the increase of phosphogypsum proportion,while decreased with the increase of solution pH.The maximum adsorption capacities of modified distillers grain and wood chips biochars for SD were 2.98 and 4.18 mg/g,and for SMT were 4.40 and 8.91mg/g,respectively,which was 9.0–22.3 times that of pristine biochar.Fixed bed column results demonstrated that PMBC had good adsorption capacities for SD and SMT.When the solution flow rate was 2.0 mL/min and the dosage of PMBC was 5.0 g,the removal rates of SD and SMT by modified wood chips biochar were both higher than 50%in 4 hr.The main mechanisms of SD and SMT removal by PMBC are hydrogen bonding,π-πdonor-acceptor,electrostatic interaction,and hydrophobic interaction.This study provides an effective method for the removal of antibiotics in water and the resource utilization of phosphogypsum.
文摘Hybrid growth microorganisms in sequencing batch reactors have proven effective for treating the toxic compound phenol, but the toxicity effect under different toxicity conditions has rarely been discussed. Therefore, the performance of the HG-SBR under toxic, acute and chronic organic loading can provide the overall operating conditions of the system. Toxic organic loading(TOL) was monitored during the first 7 hr while introducing50 mg/L phenol to the system. The system was adversely affected with the sudden introduction of phenol to the virgin activated sludge, which caused a low degradation rate and high dissolved oxygen consumption during TOL. Acute organic loading(AOL) had significant effects at high phenol concentrations(600, 800 1000 mg/L). The specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) gradually decreased to 4.9 mg O_2/(g MLVSS·hr) at 1000 mg/L of phenol compared to 12.74 mg O_2/(g MLVSS·hr) for 200 mg/L of phenol. The HG-SBR was further monitored during chronic organic loading(COL) over 67 days. The effects of organic loading were more apparent at 800 mg/L and 1000 mg/L phenol concentrations, as the removal range was between 22%–30% and 18%–46% respectively, which indicated the severe effects of COL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50574076 and No.50838006)
文摘A precondition for correctly analyzing the stability of a slope and designing its bracing structure is to study and determine the influence of excavation blasting on the properties of weak intercalation in the layered rock slope. On the basis of in-situ stratification-cracking blasting tests, the properties of weak intercalation were investigated using the LS-DYNA3D program. The displacement distribution and compactness of weak intercalation at different positions away from the charge center and their various laws are discussed. The critical displacement of stratification-cracking （0.1 mm） was obtained, and an approximate expression of compactness were deduced. Furthermore, through the simulation of a layered rock blasting under the same geological conditions, the stratification-cracking effect of deep-hole blasting on the properties of weak intercalation was compared with that of short-hole blasting, and the influencing differences, in addition to their causes, were analyzed. The results indicated that the blasting cavity of weak intercalation in short-hole blasting with a radius of 40 mm was nearly a circle, whose radius was about 28.7 cm; whereas in deep-hole blasting with a radius of 150 mm, the shape of the blasting cavity was different from that in short-hole blasting, the radius of the cavity behind the charge （89.1 cm） was further smaller than those of the other three （138.7 cm）, and there were sharp crinkles on the surface of weak intercalation. When the distance from the charge center （DCC） was less than 40 and 150 cm in short-hole and deep-hole blasting, respectively, the displacement of weak intercalation was reduced remarkably with the increase in DCC.
基金supported by the Basic Study and Interdisciplinary R&D Foundation of the University of Seoul(2019)grants,Nos.201910021035202006251003(both to KYR and JC)。
文摘Many types of plastic products,including polystyrene,have long been used in commercial and industrial applications.Microplastics and nanoplastics,plastic particles derived from these plastic products,are emerging as environmental pollutants that can pose health risks to a wide variety of living organisms,including humans.However,it is not well understood how microplastics and nanoplastics affect cellular functions and induce stress responses.Humans can be exposed to polystyrene-microplastics and polystyrene-nanoplastics through ingestion,inhalation,or skin contact.Most ingested plastics are excreted from the body,but inhaled plastics may accumulate in the lungs and can even reach the brain via the nose-to-brain route.Small-sized polystyrene-nanoplastics can enter cells by endocytosis,accumulate in the cytoplasm,and cause various cellular stresses,such as inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production,oxidative stress with generation of reactive oxygen species,and mitochondrial dysfunction.They induce autophagy activation and autophagosome formation,but autophagic flux may be impaired due to lysosomal dysfunction.Unless permanently exposed to polystyrene-nanoplastics,they can be removed from cells by exocytosis and subsequently restore cellular function.However,neurons are very susceptible to this type of stress,thus even acute exposure can lead to neurodegeneration without recovery.This review focuses specifically on recent advances in research on polystyrene-nanoplastic-induced cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity.Furthermore,in this review,based on mechanistic studies of polystyrene-nanoplastics at the cellular level other than neurons,future directions for overcoming the negative effects of polystyrene-nanoplastics on neurons were suggested.
基金Project supported by Greece and the European Union(European Social Fund)through the Operational Programme“Human Resources Development,Education,and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020”in the Context of the Project“Strengthening Human Resources Research Potential via Doctorate Research-2nd Cycle”(No.MIS 5000432)。
文摘The vibrations induced by the passage of high-speed trains(HSTs)are considered a crucial issue in the field of environmental and geotechnical engineering.Several wave barriers have been investigated to reduce the detrimental effects of HST-induced vibrations.This study is focused on the potential implementation of an innovative mitigation technique to alleviate the developed vibrations.In particular,the use of expanded polystyrene(EPS)blocks as partial fill material of embankment slopes was examined.The efficiency of the proposed mitigation technique was numerically investigated.More specifically,a 3 D soil-track model was developed to study the cross-section of a railway track,embankment,and the underlying soil layers.The passage of the HST,Thalys,was simulated using a moving load method,and the soil response was calculated at several distances from the track.Several parameters influenced the effectiveness of the examined mitigation measure.Therefore,to ensure an optimal design,a robust procedure is necessary which considers the impact of these factors.Hence,the implementation of EPS blocks on several embankments with different geometry,in terms of height and slope angle,was investigated.
基金Project(50378062)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(09JCYBJC08100)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality,ChinaProject supported by Key Laboratory Program of the Ministry of Education,China
文摘Thermogravimetric study of rubber compositions （operating glove and catheter） in medical waste was carried out using the thermogravimetric analyser （TGA）,at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min in a stream of N2.The results indicate that the decomposition process of operating glove appears an obvious mass loss stage at 250-485 ℃,while catheter has two obvious stages at 240-510 ℃ and 655-800 ℃,respectively; both samples present endothermic pyrolysis reaction; the decomposition of operating glove and the first mass loss stage of catheter are in agreement with natural rubber pyrolysis; the second mass loss stage of catheter corresponds to CaCO3 decomposition.Based on the experimental results,a novel two-step four-reaction model was established to simulate the whole continuous processes,which could more satisfactorily describe and predict the pyrolysis processes of rubber compositions,being more mechanistic and conveniently serving for the engineering.
文摘Fish scale （FS） loaded TiO2 composites were investigated as photocatalysts in degradation of Methyl Orange under solar light irradiation. Composites were prepared through sol-gel method by varying mass ratio of TiO2/FS at 90：10, 70：30 and 50：50, respectively. The catalysts prepared in this study were characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR and nitrogen sorption. The effects of solar irradiation, mass ratio of TiO//FS composites, irradiation time and catalyst loadings were studied. Synergistic effect was found in TiO2/FS of 90：10 composite which performed higher photocatalytic degradation than synthesized TiO2 under solar light irradiation. However, further increasing fish scale content in the composites reduced the photocatalytic activity drastically. Under solar light irradiation, all the catalysts in this study exhibited photocatalytic activity, except TiO2/FS of 50：50 composite that only acted as a weak biosorbent without performing any photocatalytic property. Photocatalytic degradation increased with increasing catalyst loading and irradiation time but decreased with increased of initial dye concentration.
