Interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)has been widely used to measure ground displacements related to geophysical and anthropic activities over the past three decades.Satellite SAR systems use microwave signa...Interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)has been widely used to measure ground displacements related to geophysical and anthropic activities over the past three decades.Satellite SAR systems use microwave signals that interact with the ionosphere when they travel through it during the imaging processes.In this context,ionospheric variations can significantly contaminate SAR imagery,which in turn affects spaceborne InSAR measurements.This bias also leads to a decrease in the coherence and accuracy of InSAR measurements,especially for the low-frequency SAR systems.In this paper,we give an overview of the latest methods for mitigating the ionospheric contributions in InSAR,including Faraday rotation method,azimuth shift method,and range split-spectrum method,and only focus on the single pair of InSAR interferograms.The current challenges and future perspectives are outlined at the end of this paper.展开更多
In this work,the removal of 2,4,6-tribromophenol(TBP)by ferric ion-activated sulfite[Fe(Ⅲ)/S(Ⅳ)]process was systematically investigated with determining the intermediate products and evaluating the influences of som...In this work,the removal of 2,4,6-tribromophenol(TBP)by ferric ion-activated sulfite[Fe(Ⅲ)/S(Ⅳ)]process was systematically investigated with determining the intermediate products and evaluating the influences of some operational conditions and water matrices.Our results show that batching addition of S(Ⅳ)benefits the S(Ⅳ)utilization efficiency and TBP removal,with SO_(4)^(-)being the primary reactive radical accounting for TBA degradation.The maximum TBP removal in the Fe(Ⅲ)/S(Ⅳ)process was observed at pH 4.0 and oxygen is essential in this process.With increasing Fe(Ⅲ)and S(Ⅳ)dosages from 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/L to 0.2 and 2.0 mmol/L,respectively,TBP removal followed trends of first increase then decrease.As the acute toxicity of the TBP solution was significantly reduced,the Fe(Ⅲ)/S(Ⅳ)process was believed to be a good choice in the treatment of TBP.展开更多
Introduction The Annual Meeting of the Rural Planning Practice Committee of the Universities Alliance for Rural Development,along with the 2024 Rural Planning Practice Forum was successfully held at the Wang Zesheng L...Introduction The Annual Meeting of the Rural Planning Practice Committee of the Universities Alliance for Rural Development,along with the 2024 Rural Planning Practice Forum was successfully held at the Wang Zesheng Lecture Hall of the School of Architecture,Tsinghua University on Dec.15,2024.The annual theme“New Era,New Village,and New Planning”has brought together experts and scholars from 96 universities and research institutions across China.The discussions focused on rural planning practices and case studies in three distinct regions:metropolitan areas,major producing areas for agricultural products,and ecological conservation areas,in the context of national policies and socio-economic transformations in the new era.China City Planning Review(CCPR)has compiled the 11 distinguished experts'presentations to foster further discussions on these critical topics.展开更多
Humanities and Social Sciences(HSS) are undergoing the transformation of spatialization and quantification. Geo-computation, with geoinformatics(including RS: Remote Sensing;GIS: Geographical Information System;GNSS: ...Humanities and Social Sciences(HSS) are undergoing the transformation of spatialization and quantification. Geo-computation, with geoinformatics(including RS: Remote Sensing;GIS: Geographical Information System;GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System), provides effective computational and spatialization methods and tools for HSS. Spatial Humanities and Geo-computation for Social Sciences(SH&GSS) is a field coupling geo-computation, and geoinformatics, with HSS. This special issue accepted a set of contributions highlighting recent advances in methodologies and applications of SH&GSS, which are related to sentiment spatial analysis from social media data, emotional change spatial analysis from news data, spatial analysis of social media related to COVID-19, crime spatiotemporal analysis, “double evaluation” for Land Use/Land Cover(LUCC), Specially Protected Natural Areas(SPNA) analysis, editing behavior analysis of Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI), electricity consumption anomaly detection, First and Last Mile Problem(FLMP) of public transport, and spatial interaction network analysis for crude oil trade network. Based on these related researches, we aim to present an overview of SH&GSS, and propose some future research directions for SH&HSS.展开更多
The Third Front construction played a crucial role in China’s socialist development,resulting in an excess of stock space after four decades of evolution. This study focuses on 113Third Front plants and mines in west...The Third Front construction played a crucial role in China’s socialist development,resulting in an excess of stock space after four decades of evolution. This study focuses on 113Third Front plants and mines in western Hubei to explore their contemporary reuse potential.Through field research and statistical analysis, the study examines the layout and conditions ofthese sites, utilizing the concept of “smart shrinkage” to assess their reuse value. Tools likethe minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, network analysis, and cluster analysis areemployed to develop a reuse value assessment model. The study finds that The Third Frontconstruction plants and mines were concentrated in the transition zone from the plains tothe mountains, and idleness and inefficiency became a common problem. These sites exhibita unique “non-urban, non-rural” layout and possess heritage, asset, and ecological values. Thestudy identifies various reuse strategies, including heritage preservation, property rights transformation, and ecological restoration through rewilding. These measures aim to revitalize theThird Front construction plants and mines, offering theoretical and methodological support fortheir sustainable development and potential recognition as world cultural heritage.展开更多
In China,traditional village layouts are dynamic,harmoniously integrated with the natural environment,and rich in unique cultural characteristics.However,rapidly constructed villages often lack professional design,res...In China,traditional village layouts are dynamic,harmoniously integrated with the natural environment,and rich in unique cultural characteristics.However,rapidly constructed villages often lack professional design,resulting in overly simple layouts and causing the villages to lose their traditional characteristics.Artiflcial intelligence holds the potential to alleviate this speciflc challenge.This study employs CGAN to generate comprehensive village layouts based on archetypal traditional villages,while also exploring parameters and network architectures to enhance result quality.The research address on traditional villages in southwestern Hubei,reflning generative factors,introducing image-based geographic scales,and employing machine vision to address data scarcity.The key flndings of this study includes:1)The research explores a class of AI-generated evaluation metrics suitable for village layout generation.2)It conflrms that the combination of the Unet_256 generator with the LSGAN architecture yields the best results in image generation.3)It is observed that the optimal generation results are achieved when the equivalent geographic scale of the image is 150 m×150 m.The study validates that GANs can be effectively applied in the village layout,producing layout results that incorporate traditional local experiences.This provides a novel approach to village layout.展开更多
The bifacial photovoltaic green facade(BPVGF)system was introduced to maximize the energy and environmental advantages offered by photovoltaic buildings and vertical greening technologies,thereby contributing to the r...The bifacial photovoltaic green facade(BPVGF)system was introduced to maximize the energy and environmental advantages offered by photovoltaic buildings and vertical greening technologies,thereby contributing to the realization of the zero-carbon target in the construction sector.This system involves the vertical installation of bifacial photovoltaic panels on building facades,which are overlaid with climbing vegetation or modular plant systems.Solar radiation incident upon these facades is partially harnessed as electricity by the bifacial photovoltaic panels,while the remainder is absorbed by the plants,beneficial for summer thermal insulation.Meanwhile,the plants aid in cooling the photovoltaic materials through evapotranspiration,thereby enhancing the solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency.In this study,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model of the BPVGF was developed to evaluate its thermal performance.The findings indicate that the incorporation of vertical greening with varying parameters can significantly mitigate the temperatures of both the interior and exterior walls,as well as the bifacial PV panels.Specifically,with a greening thickness of 80 mm,the maximum temperature reductions for the interior and exterior wall surfaces,and the bifacial PV panels were recorded at 2.59℃,5.29℃,and 4.72℃,respectively.Moreover,the photovoltaic efficiency of the bifacial PV panels experienced an increase of 2.5%.This study highlights the dual potential of vertical greening in optimizing thermal environments and elevating PV conversion efficiency.展开更多
Both practice and research of accessible design in China are still in the initial stage,while the regulations and standardization of accessibility is taking shape.Under the framework of engineering standards based on ...Both practice and research of accessible design in China are still in the initial stage,while the regulations and standardization of accessibility is taking shape.Under the framework of engineering standards based on instrumental rationality,to present the core value of humanism and to define the limitations of universal design in the standards are the key issues worth discussing continuously.By comparing the standards of China and abroad,this paper attempts to clarify the approaches for compiling the Accessibility Design Standards for Shenzhen.At the same time,it provides materials for discussion by showing the difficulties and assumptions during the compilation.展开更多
Formulating criteria for the assessment system of historic settlements is challenging due to complex geographical conditions and evaluator knowledge limitations, leading to subjective bias in the assessment process. T...Formulating criteria for the assessment system of historic settlements is challenging due to complex geographical conditions and evaluator knowledge limitations, leading to subjective bias in the assessment process. To address this issue, this study proposes a data-driven method for assessing the features of historical settlements to carry out scientific and refined assessment and result analysis. Focusing on Northeast Hubei as the study area, this paper selects 3 historical settlements for validation and analysis. The results of the study show that (1) the data-driven method expands the methodological chain of assessing historical settlement features, and improves the assessment efficiency and scientificity of the assessment results by applying it to the new assessment process;(2) Through comparing the assessment results of the validation cases and data samples, the study establishes a comprehensive quantitative ranking of the assessment of historical settlement features and identifies the main influencing factors, thus enhancing the precision of result analysis;(3) By comparing the resulting assessment framework with the current assessment system, this study confirms the advantages of the proposed framework in identifying nuanced features and aligning with geographical conditions, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the data-driven method.展开更多
This study exams the impact of climate change on outdoor design conditions and peak loads of five Chinese cities over the five major climate zones for the winter and summer conditions.The design dry-bulb temperature(D...This study exams the impact of climate change on outdoor design conditions and peak loads of five Chinese cities over the five major climate zones for the winter and summer conditions.The design dry-bulb temperature(DDBT)and the coincident wet-bulb temperature(CWBT)for two 30-year periods;1971–2000 and 1984–2013 were analysed.It was found that the DDBT of the period 1984–2013 was higher than that of the period 1971–2000,whereas the CWBT and the corresponding outdoor enthalpy of the period 1984–2013 was lower than that of 1971–2000 at the various cumulative frequencies.This trend implies that the increment in conductive heat gain through the building envelope due to the rising temperature can be lower than the reduction in fresh air load due to the lower outdoor air enthalpy.In this case,the peak cooling loads may reduce in all five cities under study,and this is different from the widely held view that global warming will lead to more stringent outdoor design conditions,higher peak cooling loads and larger heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)plants than the current or historical status.The implications to the“free-cooling”of HVAC systems with enthalpy control are discussed as well.展开更多
In this paper,we describe a new method to improve fast-light transmission,which uses cascades.We design a simple plasmonic device that enables plasmonic-induced absorption(PIA).It consists mainly of two parallel recta...In this paper,we describe a new method to improve fast-light transmission,which uses cascades.We design a simple plasmonic device that enables plasmonic-induced absorption(PIA).It consists mainly of two parallel rectangular cavities.The numerical results simulated by using the finite element method(FEM)confirm its function.The corresponding group delay-time can reach-0.146 ps for the PIA window.Based on this result,we propose a cascade device,with the dual-rectangular cavity system as building block,to improve fast-light transmission even more.The results indicate that the cascade scheme can increase the group delay-time to-0.456 ps,which means the fast-light feature is substantially enhanced compared with the non-cascading approach.The effect of the distance between two cascade resonators and other structural parameters is also investigated.Finally,we use this design concept to build a refractive-index sensor with a sensitivity of 701 nm/RIU.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC1512001)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515011427)+6 种基金the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Projects PolyU 152232/17E,PolyU 152164/18Eand PolyU152233/19E)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(Grants 41790445,41974006,42074040 and 41941019)the Shenzhen Scientific Research and Development Funding Program(Nos.20200807110745001,KQJSCX20180328093453763and20200812164904001)the Department of Education of Guangdong(218KTSCX196)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(300102269207)the Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development(RISUD)(BBWB)the Innovation and Technology Fund of Hong Kong(ITP/019/20LP).
文摘Interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)has been widely used to measure ground displacements related to geophysical and anthropic activities over the past three decades.Satellite SAR systems use microwave signals that interact with the ionosphere when they travel through it during the imaging processes.In this context,ionospheric variations can significantly contaminate SAR imagery,which in turn affects spaceborne InSAR measurements.This bias also leads to a decrease in the coherence and accuracy of InSAR measurements,especially for the low-frequency SAR systems.In this paper,we give an overview of the latest methods for mitigating the ionospheric contributions in InSAR,including Faraday rotation method,azimuth shift method,and range split-spectrum method,and only focus on the single pair of InSAR interferograms.The current challenges and future perspectives are outlined at the end of this paper.
基金The support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51878308)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province。
文摘In this work,the removal of 2,4,6-tribromophenol(TBP)by ferric ion-activated sulfite[Fe(Ⅲ)/S(Ⅳ)]process was systematically investigated with determining the intermediate products and evaluating the influences of some operational conditions and water matrices.Our results show that batching addition of S(Ⅳ)benefits the S(Ⅳ)utilization efficiency and TBP removal,with SO_(4)^(-)being the primary reactive radical accounting for TBA degradation.The maximum TBP removal in the Fe(Ⅲ)/S(Ⅳ)process was observed at pH 4.0 and oxygen is essential in this process.With increasing Fe(Ⅲ)and S(Ⅳ)dosages from 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/L to 0.2 and 2.0 mmol/L,respectively,TBP removal followed trends of first increase then decrease.As the acute toxicity of the TBP solution was significantly reduced,the Fe(Ⅲ)/S(Ⅳ)process was believed to be a good choice in the treatment of TBP.
基金funded by Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program(No.2024JC-YBMS-289)Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan:Research and Promotion of Common Technologies for Model Villages Under Shaanxi’s Green Rural Revival Program(No.2025NCYBXM-323)。
文摘Introduction The Annual Meeting of the Rural Planning Practice Committee of the Universities Alliance for Rural Development,along with the 2024 Rural Planning Practice Forum was successfully held at the Wang Zesheng Lecture Hall of the School of Architecture,Tsinghua University on Dec.15,2024.The annual theme“New Era,New Village,and New Planning”has brought together experts and scholars from 96 universities and research institutions across China.The discussions focused on rural planning practices and case studies in three distinct regions:metropolitan areas,major producing areas for agricultural products,and ecological conservation areas,in the context of national policies and socio-economic transformations in the new era.China City Planning Review(CCPR)has compiled the 11 distinguished experts'presentations to foster further discussions on these critical topics.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171448)。
文摘Humanities and Social Sciences(HSS) are undergoing the transformation of spatialization and quantification. Geo-computation, with geoinformatics(including RS: Remote Sensing;GIS: Geographical Information System;GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System), provides effective computational and spatialization methods and tools for HSS. Spatial Humanities and Geo-computation for Social Sciences(SH&GSS) is a field coupling geo-computation, and geoinformatics, with HSS. This special issue accepted a set of contributions highlighting recent advances in methodologies and applications of SH&GSS, which are related to sentiment spatial analysis from social media data, emotional change spatial analysis from news data, spatial analysis of social media related to COVID-19, crime spatiotemporal analysis, “double evaluation” for Land Use/Land Cover(LUCC), Specially Protected Natural Areas(SPNA) analysis, editing behavior analysis of Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI), electricity consumption anomaly detection, First and Last Mile Problem(FLMP) of public transport, and spatial interaction network analysis for crude oil trade network. Based on these related researches, we aim to present an overview of SH&GSS, and propose some future research directions for SH&HSS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51778252,52278018)the Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20YJCZH192).
文摘The Third Front construction played a crucial role in China’s socialist development,resulting in an excess of stock space after four decades of evolution. This study focuses on 113Third Front plants and mines in western Hubei to explore their contemporary reuse potential.Through field research and statistical analysis, the study examines the layout and conditions ofthese sites, utilizing the concept of “smart shrinkage” to assess their reuse value. Tools likethe minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, network analysis, and cluster analysis areemployed to develop a reuse value assessment model. The study finds that The Third Frontconstruction plants and mines were concentrated in the transition zone from the plains tothe mountains, and idleness and inefficiency became a common problem. These sites exhibita unique “non-urban, non-rural” layout and possess heritage, asset, and ecological values. Thestudy identifies various reuse strategies, including heritage preservation, property rights transformation, and ecological restoration through rewilding. These measures aim to revitalize theThird Front construction plants and mines, offering theoretical and methodological support fortheir sustainable development and potential recognition as world cultural heritage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51978295)。
文摘In China,traditional village layouts are dynamic,harmoniously integrated with the natural environment,and rich in unique cultural characteristics.However,rapidly constructed villages often lack professional design,resulting in overly simple layouts and causing the villages to lose their traditional characteristics.Artiflcial intelligence holds the potential to alleviate this speciflc challenge.This study employs CGAN to generate comprehensive village layouts based on archetypal traditional villages,while also exploring parameters and network architectures to enhance result quality.The research address on traditional villages in southwestern Hubei,reflning generative factors,introducing image-based geographic scales,and employing machine vision to address data scarcity.The key flndings of this study includes:1)The research explores a class of AI-generated evaluation metrics suitable for village layout generation.2)It conflrms that the combination of the Unet_256 generator with the LSGAN architecture yields the best results in image generation.3)It is observed that the optimal generation results are achieved when the equivalent geographic scale of the image is 150 m×150 m.The study validates that GANs can be effectively applied in the village layout,producing layout results that incorporate traditional local experiences.This provides a novel approach to village layout.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010709,No.2023A1515011134)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Project No.JCYJ20210324093209025).
文摘The bifacial photovoltaic green facade(BPVGF)system was introduced to maximize the energy and environmental advantages offered by photovoltaic buildings and vertical greening technologies,thereby contributing to the realization of the zero-carbon target in the construction sector.This system involves the vertical installation of bifacial photovoltaic panels on building facades,which are overlaid with climbing vegetation or modular plant systems.Solar radiation incident upon these facades is partially harnessed as electricity by the bifacial photovoltaic panels,while the remainder is absorbed by the plants,beneficial for summer thermal insulation.Meanwhile,the plants aid in cooling the photovoltaic materials through evapotranspiration,thereby enhancing the solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency.In this study,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model of the BPVGF was developed to evaluate its thermal performance.The findings indicate that the incorporation of vertical greening with varying parameters can significantly mitigate the temperatures of both the interior and exterior walls,as well as the bifacial PV panels.Specifically,with a greening thickness of 80 mm,the maximum temperature reductions for the interior and exterior wall surfaces,and the bifacial PV panels were recorded at 2.59℃,5.29℃,and 4.72℃,respectively.Moreover,the photovoltaic efficiency of the bifacial PV panels experienced an increase of 2.5%.This study highlights the dual potential of vertical greening in optimizing thermal environments and elevating PV conversion efficiency.
基金supported by the General Program of Shenzhen Academic Institutions Development Supporting Project(No.20200810191652001)。
文摘Both practice and research of accessible design in China are still in the initial stage,while the regulations and standardization of accessibility is taking shape.Under the framework of engineering standards based on instrumental rationality,to present the core value of humanism and to define the limitations of universal design in the standards are the key issues worth discussing continuously.By comparing the standards of China and abroad,this paper attempts to clarify the approaches for compiling the Accessibility Design Standards for Shenzhen.At the same time,it provides materials for discussion by showing the difficulties and assumptions during the compilation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52278018).
文摘Formulating criteria for the assessment system of historic settlements is challenging due to complex geographical conditions and evaluator knowledge limitations, leading to subjective bias in the assessment process. To address this issue, this study proposes a data-driven method for assessing the features of historical settlements to carry out scientific and refined assessment and result analysis. Focusing on Northeast Hubei as the study area, this paper selects 3 historical settlements for validation and analysis. The results of the study show that (1) the data-driven method expands the methodological chain of assessing historical settlement features, and improves the assessment efficiency and scientificity of the assessment results by applying it to the new assessment process;(2) Through comparing the assessment results of the validation cases and data samples, the study establishes a comprehensive quantitative ranking of the assessment of historical settlement features and identifies the main influencing factors, thus enhancing the precision of result analysis;(3) By comparing the resulting assessment framework with the current assessment system, this study confirms the advantages of the proposed framework in identifying nuanced features and aligning with geographical conditions, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the data-driven method.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51838011)the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(No.2021S141)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Project No.ZDSYS20210623101534001).Moreover,the authors would like to thank Dr.Joseph C.Lam for the valuable and constructive discussion about the topic.
文摘This study exams the impact of climate change on outdoor design conditions and peak loads of five Chinese cities over the five major climate zones for the winter and summer conditions.The design dry-bulb temperature(DDBT)and the coincident wet-bulb temperature(CWBT)for two 30-year periods;1971–2000 and 1984–2013 were analysed.It was found that the DDBT of the period 1984–2013 was higher than that of the period 1971–2000,whereas the CWBT and the corresponding outdoor enthalpy of the period 1984–2013 was lower than that of 1971–2000 at the various cumulative frequencies.This trend implies that the increment in conductive heat gain through the building envelope due to the rising temperature can be lower than the reduction in fresh air load due to the lower outdoor air enthalpy.In this case,the peak cooling loads may reduce in all five cities under study,and this is different from the widely held view that global warming will lead to more stringent outdoor design conditions,higher peak cooling loads and larger heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)plants than the current or historical status.The implications to the“free-cooling”of HVAC systems with enthalpy control are discussed as well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61367007)the Natural Science Fund of Gansu Province of China(Grant Nos.17JR5RA123 and 17JR5RA132)the HongLiu First-Class disciplines Development Program of Lanzhou University of Technology.
文摘In this paper,we describe a new method to improve fast-light transmission,which uses cascades.We design a simple plasmonic device that enables plasmonic-induced absorption(PIA).It consists mainly of two parallel rectangular cavities.The numerical results simulated by using the finite element method(FEM)confirm its function.The corresponding group delay-time can reach-0.146 ps for the PIA window.Based on this result,we propose a cascade device,with the dual-rectangular cavity system as building block,to improve fast-light transmission even more.The results indicate that the cascade scheme can increase the group delay-time to-0.456 ps,which means the fast-light feature is substantially enhanced compared with the non-cascading approach.The effect of the distance between two cascade resonators and other structural parameters is also investigated.Finally,we use this design concept to build a refractive-index sensor with a sensitivity of 701 nm/RIU.
