The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,...The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,the main research is focused on developing advanced materials and revealing the indepth electrochemical mechanism of LMBs,while there is a significant lagging behind of attention to the safety evaluation.This review aims to emphasize the fire safety challenges faced by LMBs and summarize advanced strategies for improving intrinsic safety.Firstly,the basic chemical composition and working principle of LMBs were introduced compared with lithium-ion batteries.Moreover,we reviewed the thermal runaway problem of LMBs from the aspects of material activity,interfacial stability triggering conditions,thermal runaway behavior and mechanism,the special thermal runaway characteristics,and new safety challenges of Li-S,Li-O_(2),and the solid-state LMBs were discussed in detail.Based on the analysis of the thermal runaway mechanism,we summarized the advanced strategies,including electrolyte design,interphase film construction,separator,and anode design for improving the intrinsic safety of LMBs.Finally,we proposed the fire safety challenge at the battery level and emphasized the necessity of designing safe materials based on the thermal runaway mechanism.Blocking the thermal coupling reaction and conducting multi-strategy collaborative optimization is the key point to restrain thermal runaway.展开更多
Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In ...Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In order to obtain high-quality HMX@PDA-based PBX explosives with high sphericity and a narrow particle size distribution,composite microspheres were prepared using co-axial droplet microfluidic technology.The formation mechanism,thermal behavior,mechanical sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,compressive strength,and combustion performance of the microspheres were investigated.The results show that PDA can effectively enhance the interfacial interaction between the explosive particles and the binder under the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and the physical"mechanical interlocking"structure.Interface reinforcement causes the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample microspheres to move to a higher temperature,with the sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic sparks(for S-1)increasing by 12.5%,31.3%,and 81.5%respectively,and the compressive strength also increased by 30.7%,effectively enhancing the safety performance of the microspheres.Therefore,this study provides an effective and universal strategy for preparing high-quality functional explosives,and also provides some reference for the safe use of energetic materials in practical applications.展开更多
With the anticipated growth in air traffic complexity in the coming years,future civil aviation transportation system(CATS)is transforming into a complex cyber–physical–social system,surpassing all previous experien...With the anticipated growth in air traffic complexity in the coming years,future civil aviation transportation system(CATS)is transforming into a complex cyber–physical–social system,surpassing all previous experiences in the history of civil aviation safety management.Therefore,a new safety concept based on a system-of-systems(SoS)perspective is proposed for the next-generation aviation.This article begins by elucidating the complexity of existing aviation risks and emphasizing the necessity for an updated safety concept.It then presents the challenges of current safety management and potential solutions from the new SoS perspective.To address future risks,the concept of SoS safety is introduced with the inspiration of the human immune system in terms of capability,logic,and architecture,which can serve as a guiding framework and methodology for safety engineering in complex large-scale CATS.This concept indicates the transition from“process and outcome-oriented”to“capability-oriented”intelligent safety management.Our research highlights the development directions and potential technological areas that need to be addressed at different stages of SoS safety.The integration of SoS design and operation through rapid iterations enabled by artificial intelligence(AI)will ultimately achieve endogenous SoS safety.展开更多
Purpose–To systematically characterize and objectively evaluate basic railway safety management capability,creating a closed-loop management approach which allows continuous improvement and optimization.Design/method...Purpose–To systematically characterize and objectively evaluate basic railway safety management capability,creating a closed-loop management approach which allows continuous improvement and optimization.Design/methodology/approach–A basic railway safety management capability evaluation index system based on a comprehensive analysis of national safety management standards,railway safety rules and regulations and existing safety data from railway transport enterprises is presented.The system comprises a guideline layer including safety committee formation,work safety responsibility,safety management organization and safety rules and regulations as its components,along with an index layer consisting of 12 quantifiable indexes.Game theory combination weighting is utilized to integrate subjective and objective weight values derived using AHP and CRITIC methods and further combined using the TOPSIS method in order to construct a comprehensive basic railway safety management capability evaluation model.Findings–The case study presented demonstrates that this evaluation index system and comprehensive evaluation model are capable of effectively characterizing and evaluating basic railway safety management capability and providing directional guidance for its sustained improvement.Originality/value–Construction of an evaluation index system that is quantifiable,generalizable and accessible,accurately reflects the main aspects of railway transportation enterprises’basic safety management capability and provides interoperability across various railway transportation enterprises.The application of the game theoretic combination weighting method to derive composite weights which combine experts’subjective evaluations with the objectivity of data.展开更多
Structural properties of the ship container logistics network of China(SCLNC)are studied in the light of recent investigations of complex networks.SCLNC is composed of a set of routes and ports located along the sea o...Structural properties of the ship container logistics network of China(SCLNC)are studied in the light of recent investigations of complex networks.SCLNC is composed of a set of routes and ports located along the sea or river.Network properties including the degree distribution,degree correlations,clustering,shortest path length,centrality and betweenness are studied in different definition of network topology.It is found that geographical constraint plays an important role in the network topology of SCLNC.We also study the traffic flow of SCLNC based on the weighted network representation,and demonstrate the weight distribution can be described by power law or exponential function depending on the assumed definition of network topology.Other features related to SCLNC are also investigated.展开更多
Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of r...Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of relevant regulations and standards for long-distance pipelines in China and those of EU countries.By means of literature review and standard comparison,the differences in key indicators such as design coefficient,regional grade classification.展开更多
Process safety for synthesis of tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP) by tert-butyl alcohol(TBA) to react with H_(2)O_(2) was studied in this paper.On-line Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography jointed analysis method wa...Process safety for synthesis of tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP) by tert-butyl alcohol(TBA) to react with H_(2)O_(2) was studied in this paper.On-line Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography jointed analysis method was researched to monitor and analyze the changes of each components during the process to study reaction mechanism.The reaction kinetics was reproduced by apparent thermodynamics study and simulation for whole process,and the kinetics model of TBHP synthesis was obtained and with the first reported.The process safety parameter of the maximum temperature of the synthesis reaction(MTSR) and yield were predicted by response surface methodology(RSM) method and go through experimental verification further.It was found that the sulfuric acid and the concentration of TBA had great influences to reaction selectivity and yield.According to our research results,we supposed that the mechanism of TBHP synthesis would be followed by SN_(1)+SN_(2).Focus on process safety,process risk assessment was done and pipe reaction to optimize TBHP synthesis was developed to change the batch process to pipe continuously.The yield of TBHP was 91.1%,conversion of TBA was 93.1%,and the selectivity of TBHP was 97.8%.The process safety parameters of heat accumulation and MTSR decreased40.5% and 37.7% respectively comparison of the pipe continuous reaction and batch process.This study will provide guidance for intrinsic safety improvement of peroxidation reactions.展开更多
Initiating explosive devices(IEDs)are crucial in both military and civilian applications for improving the accuracy of controlled detonations.However,the safety of semiconductor bridge(SCB)wire IEDs,which are the most...Initiating explosive devices(IEDs)are crucial in both military and civilian applications for improving the accuracy of controlled detonations.However,the safety of semiconductor bridge(SCB)wire IEDs,which are the most widely used,is increasingly threatened by complex electromagnetic environments.Although protective devices such as thermistors and zener diodes are commonly employed to enhance safety,traditional discrete components can compromise compactness and provide only marginal improvements.The metal-insulator transition properties of vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))present an innovative approach to enhancing the safety performance of IEDs.Nevertheless,the functional relevance of the VO_(2) phase transition in relation to IEDs has garnered limited scientific attention.The VO_(2) film fabricated via 3D printing demonstrated resistivity modulation ranging from 2 to 5 orders of magnitude,achieving a stable metallic-state resistance of 1.2Ω.The results show that this process increases the 5-min safe current threshold by 90%,from 1 A to 1.9 A,and reduces the temperature generated by the current by approximately 40%when below the safe current threshold.Integrating VO_(2) film into IEDs via semiconductor processes significantly enhances safety performance while maintaining detonation capability,demonstrating its effectiveness as a safety modulator in pyrotechnic engineering.展开更多
Vegetables are essential and important foods in people s daily production,which are closely related to human health.Focusing on the present situation of vegetable nutrition and safety quality detection from detection ...Vegetables are essential and important foods in people s daily production,which are closely related to human health.Focusing on the present situation of vegetable nutrition and safety quality detection from detection indexes and detection methods,this paper discussed the selection of detection indexes and detection methods for vegetable nutrition and safety quality,and put forward the main research direction of vegetable nutrition and safety quality detection in the future,providing guidance and reference for improving vegetable nutrition and safety quality evaluation.展开更多
Objective:Patient safety culture is a concern in every healthcare organization,therefore,the healthcare leadership is encountering issues related to patient safety across the globe.In India,there is limited research a...Objective:Patient safety culture is a concern in every healthcare organization,therefore,the healthcare leadership is encountering issues related to patient safety across the globe.In India,there is limited research and information about patient safety culture among healthcare stakeholders and there is relatively little qualitative research available that captures the factors of patient safety culture.Hence,this study aims to explore the perception of healthcare professionals on patient safety culture.Methods:An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted in a tertiary care hospital.Structured focus group discussion(FGD)(n=4)among healthcare professionals and two in-depth interview focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed.Two coders reviewed transcripts using the editing approach and organized codes into themes.The data were analyzed through MAXQDA 2022(VERBI Software GmbH,Berlin,Germany),qualitative data analysis software,and descriptive analysis technique.The main codes and themes were generated using inductive and deductive method and smart coding was done.Results:Overall,there were 190 unique mentions of codes related to patient safety culture from 4 FGDs.They were categorized into 6 major themes and subcodes were derived via smart coding using the MAXQDA software.“Resources and constraints”was the most prominent code,followed by management support,manpower shortage,burnout,and lack of personnel commitment.Conclusions:The study highlights significant gaps in patient safety culture within the healthcare setting,with resource constraints,management support,and manpower shortages emerging as critical challenges.Burnout and lack of personnel commitment further exacerbate these issues,underscoring the need for targeted interventions.展开更多
Coal mine underground reservoir(CMUR) technology mitigates water scarcity in China's coal-rich western regions but lacks tailored solutions for steeply inclined coal seams.This study develops a novel framework of ...Coal mine underground reservoir(CMUR) technology mitigates water scarcity in China's coal-rich western regions but lacks tailored solutions for steeply inclined coal seams.This study develops a novel framework of steeply inclined coal mine underground reservoirs(SICMUR),which is a paradigm shift from conventional CMUR that the coal seam itself serves as the reservoir floor,challenging conventional designs due to depth-dependent permeability and mechanical constraints.Triaxial mechanical-seepage tests on Xinjiang Wudong coal samples(100,200,300 m depths) revealed a 3.5 MPa triaxial strength increase per 100 m depth and a 58-fold post-peak permeability surge at 300 versus 100 m.Similar model simulations revealed mining-induced stress redistribution and significant deformation effects,particularly subsidence and water-conducting fractures during lower coal seam mining.Results indicate a minimum 40 m safety distance between reservoirs and lower coal seams.Critical construction parameters were investigated for Wudong mine SICMUR as collapse zone heights(9.9–12.31 m) and waterconducting fracture zone heights(31.96–37.40 m).This work systematically bridges SICMUR concepts to field implementation,offering a framework for water preservation in steeply inclined mining while addressing safety concerns,providing a new approach for water reservation in steeply inclined coal mining.展开更多
The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential adverse effects of diacylglycerol microemulsion （DAGM） in rats/mice. Acute safety evaluation was carried out by giving intragastrically with 20 mL 25% DAG...The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential adverse effects of diacylglycerol microemulsion （DAGM） in rats/mice. Acute safety evaluation was carried out by giving intragastrically with 20 mL 25% DAG kg-1 body weight of DAGM or water with two groups of mice. Chronic safety evaluation with 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats was carried out by setting a control group and 3 different dose groups （n=10 male＋10 female） administered with DAGM with 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Relevant parameters of liver and kidney function and biochemistry were determined by standard methods at end point. Acute toxicity study revealed the maximum tolerated dose （MTD） of DAGM was 20 mL kg-1 body weight in mice. No death was observed at the dose of 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Chronic safety evaluation did not show significant changes on hematological, histopathologic, clinical, and biochemical tests when administered at levels of 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day to rats for 30 d. No significant body weight changes were observed in different dosages in both male and female rats. Our results suggested that acute and chronic adverse effects were not observed in histology and clinical parameters in both mice and rats. The results suggested that DAGM is safe at the experimental levels.展开更多
Based on the integration analysis of goods and shortcomings of various methods used in safety assessment of coal mines, combining nonlinear feature of mine safety sub-system, this paper establishes the neural network ...Based on the integration analysis of goods and shortcomings of various methods used in safety assessment of coal mines, combining nonlinear feature of mine safety sub-system, this paper establishes the neural network assessment model of mine safety, analyzes the ability of artificial neural network to evaluate mine safety state, and lays the theoretical foundation of artificial neural network using in the systematic optimi- zation of mine safety assessment and getting reasonable accurate safety assessment result.展开更多
Based on the rigorous situation of safety production in coal mines, the paper analyzed the statistical data of recent accidents indexes in Henan's coal mines. Using investigation and comparison analysis methods, a...Based on the rigorous situation of safety production in coal mines, the paper analyzed the statistical data of recent accidents indexes in Henan's coal mines. Using investigation and comparison analysis methods, a specified analysis on mining conditions,technical facility level, safety input and vocational quality of workers in Henan's coal mines was conducted. The result indicates that there have been existing such main safety production problems as weak safety management, low-level facilities, inadequate safety input and poor vocational quality and so on. Finally it proposes such reference solutions as to establish and perfect coal mining supervision and management system, to increase safety investment into techniques and facilities and to strengthen workers' safety education and introduction of more high-level professional talents.展开更多
Food safety,specifically in restaurants,is becoming a key public health priority because of the increased number of meals eaten outside the home.Foodborne illness prevention thus is a significant concern and a public ...Food safety,specifically in restaurants,is becoming a key public health priority because of the increased number of meals eaten outside the home.Foodborne illness prevention thus is a significant concern and a public health priority in the United Arab Emirates,particularly Dubai,because of the extensive tourism industry.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using demonstrations in training sessions to improve food safety knowledge and practices amongst food handlers.A descriptive and quantitative approach has been applied to collect the quantifiable information related to the research study.This has been further analyzed using the correlation tests to gather the required data.On comparison of the pre-test scores between the intervention and the control group,the t-test analysis showed significant difference in the level of food safety knowledge between the two groups.Pre-test score for the control group was 78.33 and post-test score was 104.66.In the case of the intervention group,pre-test score was 91.37 and post-test score was 130.75.The scores of food handlers’food safety practice for control group:pre-treatment score was 470 and post-treatment score was 646.For intervention group:pre-test score was 723 and post-test score was 1,056.The study concluded that training with demonstration techniques is an effective way of improving compliance with food safety guidelines.It has been understood that training helps in improving the performance of the employees while reducing the foodborne diseases and maintaining hygiene in the food.The study recommends every restaurant needs to provide regular trainings to the employees so that the restaurants can maintain hygiene and food safety practices.展开更多
It is the rational and exact computation of the safety economy contribution rate that has the far-reaching realistic meaning to the improvement of society cognition to safety and the investment to the nation safety an...It is the rational and exact computation of the safety economy contribution rate that has the far-reaching realistic meaning to the improvement of society cognition to safety and the investment to the nation safety and the national macro-safety decision-makings. The accurate function between safety inputs and outputs was obtained through a founded econometric model. Then the forecasted safety economy contribution rate is 3.01% and the forecasted ratio between safety inputs and outputs is 1：1.81 in China in 2005. And the model accords with the practice of China and the results are sarisfying.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Since bleedings in surgery are infrequent and inexperienced, we always try to proceed with surgery assuming a crisis situation, adhere to routine procedures and its standardiza...<strong>Background:</strong> Since bleedings in surgery are infrequent and inexperienced, we always try to proceed with surgery assuming a crisis situation, adhere to routine procedures and its standardization. We focus on the bleeding accidents and reveal how to implement a resilient healthcare theory. By clarifying the Safety-I and Safety-II, we developed a system to support surgical safety based on the surgeon’s individual, team, and organization. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> We searched 25 cases of bleeding incidents in thoracic surgery, which were obtained from the database of the Project to Collect Medical Near-Miss/Adverse Event Information of the Japan Council of Quality Health Care in April 2018. Retrospectively, we analyzed 13 hemorrhage cases in our department between July 2002 and March 2020. We studied their surgical factors such as procedures, sites and causes of bleeding, response, treatment, and outcomes. <strong>Results:</strong> The causes of bleeding included damage of the adhesion detachment, insertions of automatic sutures and forceps, detachment of ultrasonic scalpel, vascular taping, removal of resected lung, lymph node dissection, exfoliation of the infiltrated adventitia of vessels, pull-out of vessel, gauze attachment with staple cut-line of vessel, thoracoscopic collision, infectious vascular rupture, detachment of vascular ligature, and suction tube hit. We summarized the variation in the usual controllable and unexpected uncontrollable bleeding and learned how to respond and treat them. We built up the balanced combination of Safety-I and Safety-II in the daily routine work in normal surgery, the patient’s individual factors, the massive bleeding, and its life-threatening crisis. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> We can learn how to prevent and respond to bleeding accidents by developing a system to support surgical safety (Safety-I and Safety-II). We can flexibly respond to unexpected bleeding disturbances under constraints by adjusting the surgeon’s individuals, team, and organization.展开更多
The conventional cathode processing utilizes a polyvinylidene fluoride/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(PVDF/NMP)binder system,which is afflicted by its toxic and mutagenic characteristics,as well as inadequate binding strength...The conventional cathode processing utilizes a polyvinylidene fluoride/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(PVDF/NMP)binder system,which is afflicted by its toxic and mutagenic characteristics,as well as inadequate binding strength.Furthermore,the protracted drying rate of NMP results in uneven accumulation and gradient distribution of cathode materials throughout the extended drying process,thereby adversely impacting electron and ion transport as well as the integrity of the interface structure.This study introduces polyethyleneimine(PEI)as an aqueous multifunctional binder,which enhances the adhesion between electrode materials,improves mechanical stability,and reduces material detachment and damage,thereby extending the lifespan of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP).Concurrently,PEI can regulate the particle distribution and structure of electrodes,optimize the porosity and charge transport pathways,and improve the energy density and cycling stability of NVP.Furthermore,PEI exhibits superior thermal stability at elevated temperatures,enhancing the reliability of battery performance in high-temperature environments.Leveraging these advantages,the application of PEI as a binder in this study has the potential to augment the energy density,cycle life,and safety of batteries,thereby offering a novel approach for optimizing sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and advancing the development of battery technology.展开更多
The paper defines the Safety Capacity of Chemical Industrial Park(SCCIP) from the perspective of acceptable regional risk. For the purpose of exploring the evaluation model for the SCCIP, a method based on quantitativ...The paper defines the Safety Capacity of Chemical Industrial Park(SCCIP) from the perspective of acceptable regional risk. For the purpose of exploring the evaluation model for the SCCIP, a method based on quantitative risk assessment was adopted for evaluating transport risk and to confirm reasonable safety transport capacity of chemical industrial park, and then by combining with the safety storage capacity, a SCCIP evaluation model was put forward. The SCCIP was decided by the smaller one between the largest safety storage capacity and the maximum safety transport capacity, or else, the regional risk of the park will exceed the acceptable level.The developed method was applied to a chemical industrial park in Guangdong province to obtain the maximum safety transport capacity and the SCCIP. The results can be realized in the regional risk control of the park effectively.展开更多
Coal mine safety is a complex system, which is controlled by a number of interrelated factors and is difficult to estimate. This paper proposes an index system of safety assessment based on correlated factors involved...Coal mine safety is a complex system, which is controlled by a number of interrelated factors and is difficult to estimate. This paper proposes an index system of safety assessment based on correlated factors involved in coal mining and a comprehensive evaluation model that combines the advantages of the AHP and a grey clustering method to guarantee the accuracy and objectivity of weight coefficients. First, we confirmed the weight of every index using the AHP, then did a general safety assessment by means of a grey clustering method. This model analyses the status of mining safety both qualitatively and quantitatively. It keeps management and technical groups informed of the situation of the coal production line in real time, which aids in making correct decisions based on practical safety issues. A case study in the application of the model is presented. The results show that the method is applicable and realistic with regard to the core of a coal mine's safety management. Consequently, the safe production of a mine and the awareness of advanced safe production management is accelerated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204248)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202408191)。
文摘The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,the main research is focused on developing advanced materials and revealing the indepth electrochemical mechanism of LMBs,while there is a significant lagging behind of attention to the safety evaluation.This review aims to emphasize the fire safety challenges faced by LMBs and summarize advanced strategies for improving intrinsic safety.Firstly,the basic chemical composition and working principle of LMBs were introduced compared with lithium-ion batteries.Moreover,we reviewed the thermal runaway problem of LMBs from the aspects of material activity,interfacial stability triggering conditions,thermal runaway behavior and mechanism,the special thermal runaway characteristics,and new safety challenges of Li-S,Li-O_(2),and the solid-state LMBs were discussed in detail.Based on the analysis of the thermal runaway mechanism,we summarized the advanced strategies,including electrolyte design,interphase film construction,separator,and anode design for improving the intrinsic safety of LMBs.Finally,we proposed the fire safety challenge at the battery level and emphasized the necessity of designing safe materials based on the thermal runaway mechanism.Blocking the thermal coupling reaction and conducting multi-strategy collaborative optimization is the key point to restrain thermal runaway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005275).
文摘Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In order to obtain high-quality HMX@PDA-based PBX explosives with high sphericity and a narrow particle size distribution,composite microspheres were prepared using co-axial droplet microfluidic technology.The formation mechanism,thermal behavior,mechanical sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,compressive strength,and combustion performance of the microspheres were investigated.The results show that PDA can effectively enhance the interfacial interaction between the explosive particles and the binder under the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and the physical"mechanical interlocking"structure.Interface reinforcement causes the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample microspheres to move to a higher temperature,with the sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic sparks(for S-1)increasing by 12.5%,31.3%,and 81.5%respectively,and the compressive strength also increased by 30.7%,effectively enhancing the safety performance of the microspheres.Therefore,this study provides an effective and universal strategy for preparing high-quality functional explosives,and also provides some reference for the safe use of energetic materials in practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72225012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4302901)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72288101,71822101,and 62201577)the Safety Capability Building Fund of the Civil Aviation Administration of China(ASSA2023/19).
文摘With the anticipated growth in air traffic complexity in the coming years,future civil aviation transportation system(CATS)is transforming into a complex cyber–physical–social system,surpassing all previous experiences in the history of civil aviation safety management.Therefore,a new safety concept based on a system-of-systems(SoS)perspective is proposed for the next-generation aviation.This article begins by elucidating the complexity of existing aviation risks and emphasizing the necessity for an updated safety concept.It then presents the challenges of current safety management and potential solutions from the new SoS perspective.To address future risks,the concept of SoS safety is introduced with the inspiration of the human immune system in terms of capability,logic,and architecture,which can serve as a guiding framework and methodology for safety engineering in complex large-scale CATS.This concept indicates the transition from“process and outcome-oriented”to“capability-oriented”intelligent safety management.Our research highlights the development directions and potential technological areas that need to be addressed at different stages of SoS safety.The integration of SoS design and operation through rapid iterations enabled by artificial intelligence(AI)will ultimately achieve endogenous SoS safety.
基金supported by the China National Railway Group Co.,Ltd.Research and Development Project(P2023T002).
文摘Purpose–To systematically characterize and objectively evaluate basic railway safety management capability,creating a closed-loop management approach which allows continuous improvement and optimization.Design/methodology/approach–A basic railway safety management capability evaluation index system based on a comprehensive analysis of national safety management standards,railway safety rules and regulations and existing safety data from railway transport enterprises is presented.The system comprises a guideline layer including safety committee formation,work safety responsibility,safety management organization and safety rules and regulations as its components,along with an index layer consisting of 12 quantifiable indexes.Game theory combination weighting is utilized to integrate subjective and objective weight values derived using AHP and CRITIC methods and further combined using the TOPSIS method in order to construct a comprehensive basic railway safety management capability evaluation model.Findings–The case study presented demonstrates that this evaluation index system and comprehensive evaluation model are capable of effectively characterizing and evaluating basic railway safety management capability and providing directional guidance for its sustained improvement.Originality/value–Construction of an evaluation index system that is quantifiable,generalizable and accessible,accurately reflects the main aspects of railway transportation enterprises’basic safety management capability and provides interoperability across various railway transportation enterprises.The application of the game theoretic combination weighting method to derive composite weights which combine experts’subjective evaluations with the objectivity of data.
基金supported by Youth Foundation for Research of the Waterborne Transportation Institute.
文摘Structural properties of the ship container logistics network of China(SCLNC)are studied in the light of recent investigations of complex networks.SCLNC is composed of a set of routes and ports located along the sea or river.Network properties including the degree distribution,degree correlations,clustering,shortest path length,centrality and betweenness are studied in different definition of network topology.It is found that geographical constraint plays an important role in the network topology of SCLNC.We also study the traffic flow of SCLNC based on the weighted network representation,and demonstrate the weight distribution can be described by power law or exponential function depending on the assumed definition of network topology.Other features related to SCLNC are also investigated.
基金Soft Science Research Project of the Special Equipment Safety and Energy Conservation Technology Committee of the State Administration for Market Regulation“Comparative Study of Special Equipment Supervision and Inspection Modes at Home and Abroad(AJW-2024-06)”Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of National Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Group Co.,Ltd.“Benchmarking of Pressure Pipeline(Long-Distance Pipeline)Regulatory System and Research on In-Service Pipeline Safety Management Technology(J-24-D08)”。
文摘Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of relevant regulations and standards for long-distance pipelines in China and those of EU countries.By means of literature review and standard comparison,the differences in key indicators such as design coefficient,regional grade classification.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of 14th Five-Year Plan,China(2021YFC3001101)。
文摘Process safety for synthesis of tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP) by tert-butyl alcohol(TBA) to react with H_(2)O_(2) was studied in this paper.On-line Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography jointed analysis method was researched to monitor and analyze the changes of each components during the process to study reaction mechanism.The reaction kinetics was reproduced by apparent thermodynamics study and simulation for whole process,and the kinetics model of TBHP synthesis was obtained and with the first reported.The process safety parameter of the maximum temperature of the synthesis reaction(MTSR) and yield were predicted by response surface methodology(RSM) method and go through experimental verification further.It was found that the sulfuric acid and the concentration of TBA had great influences to reaction selectivity and yield.According to our research results,we supposed that the mechanism of TBHP synthesis would be followed by SN_(1)+SN_(2).Focus on process safety,process risk assessment was done and pipe reaction to optimize TBHP synthesis was developed to change the batch process to pipe continuously.The yield of TBHP was 91.1%,conversion of TBA was 93.1%,and the selectivity of TBHP was 97.8%.The process safety parameters of heat accumulation and MTSR decreased40.5% and 37.7% respectively comparison of the pipe continuous reaction and batch process.This study will provide guidance for intrinsic safety improvement of peroxidation reactions.
文摘Initiating explosive devices(IEDs)are crucial in both military and civilian applications for improving the accuracy of controlled detonations.However,the safety of semiconductor bridge(SCB)wire IEDs,which are the most widely used,is increasingly threatened by complex electromagnetic environments.Although protective devices such as thermistors and zener diodes are commonly employed to enhance safety,traditional discrete components can compromise compactness and provide only marginal improvements.The metal-insulator transition properties of vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))present an innovative approach to enhancing the safety performance of IEDs.Nevertheless,the functional relevance of the VO_(2) phase transition in relation to IEDs has garnered limited scientific attention.The VO_(2) film fabricated via 3D printing demonstrated resistivity modulation ranging from 2 to 5 orders of magnitude,achieving a stable metallic-state resistance of 1.2Ω.The results show that this process increases the 5-min safe current threshold by 90%,from 1 A to 1.9 A,and reduces the temperature generated by the current by approximately 40%when below the safe current threshold.Integrating VO_(2) film into IEDs via semiconductor processes significantly enhances safety performance while maintaining detonation capability,demonstrating its effectiveness as a safety modulator in pyrotechnic engineering.
基金Supported by Construction Project of High-quality Vegetable Quality Characteristic Index System in Hebei Province.
文摘Vegetables are essential and important foods in people s daily production,which are closely related to human health.Focusing on the present situation of vegetable nutrition and safety quality detection from detection indexes and detection methods,this paper discussed the selection of detection indexes and detection methods for vegetable nutrition and safety quality,and put forward the main research direction of vegetable nutrition and safety quality detection in the future,providing guidance and reference for improving vegetable nutrition and safety quality evaluation.
文摘Objective:Patient safety culture is a concern in every healthcare organization,therefore,the healthcare leadership is encountering issues related to patient safety across the globe.In India,there is limited research and information about patient safety culture among healthcare stakeholders and there is relatively little qualitative research available that captures the factors of patient safety culture.Hence,this study aims to explore the perception of healthcare professionals on patient safety culture.Methods:An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted in a tertiary care hospital.Structured focus group discussion(FGD)(n=4)among healthcare professionals and two in-depth interview focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed.Two coders reviewed transcripts using the editing approach and organized codes into themes.The data were analyzed through MAXQDA 2022(VERBI Software GmbH,Berlin,Germany),qualitative data analysis software,and descriptive analysis technique.The main codes and themes were generated using inductive and deductive method and smart coding was done.Results:Overall,there were 190 unique mentions of codes related to patient safety culture from 4 FGDs.They were categorized into 6 major themes and subcodes were derived via smart coding using the MAXQDA software.“Resources and constraints”was the most prominent code,followed by management support,manpower shortage,burnout,and lack of personnel commitment.Conclusions:The study highlights significant gaps in patient safety culture within the healthcare setting,with resource constraints,management support,and manpower shortages emerging as critical challenges.Burnout and lack of personnel commitment further exacerbate these issues,underscoring the need for targeted interventions.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.8254049)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52374139)the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2024ZD1004505)。
文摘Coal mine underground reservoir(CMUR) technology mitigates water scarcity in China's coal-rich western regions but lacks tailored solutions for steeply inclined coal seams.This study develops a novel framework of steeply inclined coal mine underground reservoirs(SICMUR),which is a paradigm shift from conventional CMUR that the coal seam itself serves as the reservoir floor,challenging conventional designs due to depth-dependent permeability and mechanical constraints.Triaxial mechanical-seepage tests on Xinjiang Wudong coal samples(100,200,300 m depths) revealed a 3.5 MPa triaxial strength increase per 100 m depth and a 58-fold post-peak permeability surge at 300 versus 100 m.Similar model simulations revealed mining-induced stress redistribution and significant deformation effects,particularly subsidence and water-conducting fractures during lower coal seam mining.Results indicate a minimum 40 m safety distance between reservoirs and lower coal seams.Critical construction parameters were investigated for Wudong mine SICMUR as collapse zone heights(9.9–12.31 m) and waterconducting fracture zone heights(31.96–37.40 m).This work systematically bridges SICMUR concepts to field implementation,offering a framework for water preservation in steeply inclined mining while addressing safety concerns,providing a new approach for water reservation in steeply inclined coal mining.
基金supported by a grant from the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, N20080753)
文摘The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential adverse effects of diacylglycerol microemulsion （DAGM） in rats/mice. Acute safety evaluation was carried out by giving intragastrically with 20 mL 25% DAG kg-1 body weight of DAGM or water with two groups of mice. Chronic safety evaluation with 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats was carried out by setting a control group and 3 different dose groups （n=10 male＋10 female） administered with DAGM with 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Relevant parameters of liver and kidney function and biochemistry were determined by standard methods at end point. Acute toxicity study revealed the maximum tolerated dose （MTD） of DAGM was 20 mL kg-1 body weight in mice. No death was observed at the dose of 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Chronic safety evaluation did not show significant changes on hematological, histopathologic, clinical, and biochemical tests when administered at levels of 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day to rats for 30 d. No significant body weight changes were observed in different dosages in both male and female rats. Our results suggested that acute and chronic adverse effects were not observed in histology and clinical parameters in both mice and rats. The results suggested that DAGM is safe at the experimental levels.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50274060) and State Administration of Work Safety(03-103)
文摘Based on the integration analysis of goods and shortcomings of various methods used in safety assessment of coal mines, combining nonlinear feature of mine safety sub-system, this paper establishes the neural network assessment model of mine safety, analyzes the ability of artificial neural network to evaluate mine safety state, and lays the theoretical foundation of artificial neural network using in the systematic optimi- zation of mine safety assessment and getting reasonable accurate safety assessment result.
文摘Based on the rigorous situation of safety production in coal mines, the paper analyzed the statistical data of recent accidents indexes in Henan's coal mines. Using investigation and comparison analysis methods, a specified analysis on mining conditions,technical facility level, safety input and vocational quality of workers in Henan's coal mines was conducted. The result indicates that there have been existing such main safety production problems as weak safety management, low-level facilities, inadequate safety input and poor vocational quality and so on. Finally it proposes such reference solutions as to establish and perfect coal mining supervision and management system, to increase safety investment into techniques and facilities and to strengthen workers' safety education and introduction of more high-level professional talents.
文摘Food safety,specifically in restaurants,is becoming a key public health priority because of the increased number of meals eaten outside the home.Foodborne illness prevention thus is a significant concern and a public health priority in the United Arab Emirates,particularly Dubai,because of the extensive tourism industry.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using demonstrations in training sessions to improve food safety knowledge and practices amongst food handlers.A descriptive and quantitative approach has been applied to collect the quantifiable information related to the research study.This has been further analyzed using the correlation tests to gather the required data.On comparison of the pre-test scores between the intervention and the control group,the t-test analysis showed significant difference in the level of food safety knowledge between the two groups.Pre-test score for the control group was 78.33 and post-test score was 104.66.In the case of the intervention group,pre-test score was 91.37 and post-test score was 130.75.The scores of food handlers’food safety practice for control group:pre-treatment score was 470 and post-treatment score was 646.For intervention group:pre-test score was 723 and post-test score was 1,056.The study concluded that training with demonstration techniques is an effective way of improving compliance with food safety guidelines.It has been understood that training helps in improving the performance of the employees while reducing the foodborne diseases and maintaining hygiene in the food.The study recommends every restaurant needs to provide regular trainings to the employees so that the restaurants can maintain hygiene and food safety practices.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50274060) State Administration of Work Safety(03-103)
文摘It is the rational and exact computation of the safety economy contribution rate that has the far-reaching realistic meaning to the improvement of society cognition to safety and the investment to the nation safety and the national macro-safety decision-makings. The accurate function between safety inputs and outputs was obtained through a founded econometric model. Then the forecasted safety economy contribution rate is 3.01% and the forecasted ratio between safety inputs and outputs is 1：1.81 in China in 2005. And the model accords with the practice of China and the results are sarisfying.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Since bleedings in surgery are infrequent and inexperienced, we always try to proceed with surgery assuming a crisis situation, adhere to routine procedures and its standardization. We focus on the bleeding accidents and reveal how to implement a resilient healthcare theory. By clarifying the Safety-I and Safety-II, we developed a system to support surgical safety based on the surgeon’s individual, team, and organization. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> We searched 25 cases of bleeding incidents in thoracic surgery, which were obtained from the database of the Project to Collect Medical Near-Miss/Adverse Event Information of the Japan Council of Quality Health Care in April 2018. Retrospectively, we analyzed 13 hemorrhage cases in our department between July 2002 and March 2020. We studied their surgical factors such as procedures, sites and causes of bleeding, response, treatment, and outcomes. <strong>Results:</strong> The causes of bleeding included damage of the adhesion detachment, insertions of automatic sutures and forceps, detachment of ultrasonic scalpel, vascular taping, removal of resected lung, lymph node dissection, exfoliation of the infiltrated adventitia of vessels, pull-out of vessel, gauze attachment with staple cut-line of vessel, thoracoscopic collision, infectious vascular rupture, detachment of vascular ligature, and suction tube hit. We summarized the variation in the usual controllable and unexpected uncontrollable bleeding and learned how to respond and treat them. We built up the balanced combination of Safety-I and Safety-II in the daily routine work in normal surgery, the patient’s individual factors, the massive bleeding, and its life-threatening crisis. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> We can learn how to prevent and respond to bleeding accidents by developing a system to support surgical safety (Safety-I and Safety-II). We can flexibly respond to unexpected bleeding disturbances under constraints by adjusting the surgeon’s individuals, team, and organization.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12202410,51906238 and 52202051)Key Research and Development(R&D)Projects of Shanxi Province(202202040201005)+7 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202303021211145)Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160734 and 2023M733935)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ40726)supported by the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2022-139)Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province(20220012)Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2208277)Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory in North University of China(DXMBJJ2023-03)Graduate Innovation Project of Shanxi Province(2023SJ230)。
文摘The conventional cathode processing utilizes a polyvinylidene fluoride/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(PVDF/NMP)binder system,which is afflicted by its toxic and mutagenic characteristics,as well as inadequate binding strength.Furthermore,the protracted drying rate of NMP results in uneven accumulation and gradient distribution of cathode materials throughout the extended drying process,thereby adversely impacting electron and ion transport as well as the integrity of the interface structure.This study introduces polyethyleneimine(PEI)as an aqueous multifunctional binder,which enhances the adhesion between electrode materials,improves mechanical stability,and reduces material detachment and damage,thereby extending the lifespan of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP).Concurrently,PEI can regulate the particle distribution and structure of electrodes,optimize the porosity and charge transport pathways,and improve the energy density and cycling stability of NVP.Furthermore,PEI exhibits superior thermal stability at elevated temperatures,enhancing the reliability of battery performance in high-temperature environments.Leveraging these advantages,the application of PEI as a binder in this study has the potential to augment the energy density,cycle life,and safety of batteries,thereby offering a novel approach for optimizing sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and advancing the development of battery technology.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province(2009A030302001)
文摘The paper defines the Safety Capacity of Chemical Industrial Park(SCCIP) from the perspective of acceptable regional risk. For the purpose of exploring the evaluation model for the SCCIP, a method based on quantitative risk assessment was adopted for evaluating transport risk and to confirm reasonable safety transport capacity of chemical industrial park, and then by combining with the safety storage capacity, a SCCIP evaluation model was put forward. The SCCIP was decided by the smaller one between the largest safety storage capacity and the maximum safety transport capacity, or else, the regional risk of the park will exceed the acceptable level.The developed method was applied to a chemical industrial park in Guangdong province to obtain the maximum safety transport capacity and the SCCIP. The results can be realized in the regional risk control of the park effectively.
文摘Coal mine safety is a complex system, which is controlled by a number of interrelated factors and is difficult to estimate. This paper proposes an index system of safety assessment based on correlated factors involved in coal mining and a comprehensive evaluation model that combines the advantages of the AHP and a grey clustering method to guarantee the accuracy and objectivity of weight coefficients. First, we confirmed the weight of every index using the AHP, then did a general safety assessment by means of a grey clustering method. This model analyses the status of mining safety both qualitatively and quantitatively. It keeps management and technical groups informed of the situation of the coal production line in real time, which aids in making correct decisions based on practical safety issues. A case study in the application of the model is presented. The results show that the method is applicable and realistic with regard to the core of a coal mine's safety management. Consequently, the safe production of a mine and the awareness of advanced safe production management is accelerated.
