BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparosc...BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparoscopic procedures,are well-established in high-income countries and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.Nevertheless,no studies have reported surgical outcomes of RALDN donor nephrectomy from a United Kingdom center to date.AIM To compare surgical outcomes between RALDN and HALDN laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a United Kingdom high-volume living kidney donor transplant program.METHODS A case-control matching analysis was performed based on the following parameters:Sex,age,body mass index,procedure laterality,number of renal arteries,and previous abdominal surgeries.Key surgical outcomes,including primary warm ischemia time,operative duration,and post-operative recovery,were evaluated.RESULTS In this cohort of 140 living donors(70 RALDN vs 70 HALDN),donor and recipient outcomes were equivalent across key metrics:Pain scores,overall complication rates,readmissions,reoperations,and creatinine levels at 30 days and 1 year.Recipient long-term renal function did not differ between groups.Operative time for RALDN decreased significantly over the study period,indicating progressive improvement along the learning curve.Although RALDN was associated with a modestly longer mean warm ischaemia time(3.53 minutes vs 2.76 minutes,P<0.001)and extended hospital stay(4.21 days vs 3.17 days,P<0.001),these did not translate into any disadvantage in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION In this first United Kingdom comparative cohort,RALDN demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy,even in the early phase of our programme,matching the outcomes of the well-established,gold-standard HALDN approach.Moreover,the pronounced learning-curve trajectory suggests considerable potential for further improvements in robotic surgical outcomes as the programme matures.展开更多
We present a new two-dimensional(2D)map of total Galactic extinction,Av,across the entire dust half-layer from the Sun to extragalactic space for Galactic latitudes|b|>13°,as well as a three-dimensional(3D)map...We present a new two-dimensional(2D)map of total Galactic extinction,Av,across the entire dust half-layer from the Sun to extragalactic space for Galactic latitudes|b|>13°,as well as a three-dimensional(3D)map of Av within 2 kpc of the Sun.These maps are based on A_(V)and distance estimates derived from a data set,which utilizes Gaia Data Release 3 parallaxes and multi-band photometry for nearly 100 million dwarf stars.We apply our own corrections to account for significant systematics in this data set.Our 2D map achieves an angular resolution of6'.1,while the 3D map offers a transverse resolution of 3.56 pc—corresponding to variable angular resolution depending on distance—and a radial resolution of 50 pc.In constructing these maps,we pay particular attention to the solar neighborhood(within 200 pc)and to high Galactic latitudes.The 3D map predicts Av from the Sun to any extended object within the Galactic dust layer with an accuracy ofσ(A_(V))=0.1 mag.The 2D map provides Av estimates for the entire dust half-layer up to extragalactic distances with an accuracy ofσ(A_(V))=0.07 mag.We provide A_(V)estimates from our maps for various classes of extended celestial objects with angular size primarily in the range of 2′-40′,including 19,809 galaxies and quasars,170 Galactic globular clusters,458 open clusters,and several hundred molecular clouds from two lists.We also present extinction values for 8293 TypeⅠa supernovae.Comparison of our extinction estimates with those from previous maps and literature sources reveals systematic differences,indicating large-scale spatial variations in the extinction law and suggesting that earlier 2D reddening maps based on infrared dust emission tend to underestimate low extinction values.展开更多
Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Ret...Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) degeneration occurs in blinding diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.展开更多
This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to c...This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to create a demountable house using only flat glass for all components(foundations,slabs,supporting structure,beams,roof,envelope,furnishings,kitchen fixtures,appliances).Secondly,we analyze the thermal and bioclimatic behavior of this demountable all-glass house to evaluate its energy efficiency.We also assess the contribution of Vitrohouse’s bioclimatic design to its sustainability level,using 11 of the most internationally recognized GBRSs(Green Building Rating Systems),demonstrating that it achieves a higher degree of sustainability than a conventional,non-bioclimatic home of the same size.Thirdly,we analyze the contribution of Vitrohouse’s demountable nature,showing that it has a higher level of sustainability than a conventionally built house.Finally,the sustainable analysis of its demountability is quantified using 11 GBRSs.The results show that it is perfectly feasible to construct buildings solely from flat glass,achieving high energy efficiency and sustainability.Furthermore,the glass components can be easily disassembled and reused,or recycled to manufacture new components with minimal energy consumption.展开更多
Shen et al’s retrospective study aims to compare the utility of two separate scoring systems for predicting mortality attributable to gastrointestinal(GI)injury in critically ill patients[the GI Dysfunction Score(GID...Shen et al’s retrospective study aims to compare the utility of two separate scoring systems for predicting mortality attributable to gastrointestinal(GI)injury in critically ill patients[the GI Dysfunction Score(GIDS)and the Acute Gastroin-testinal Injury(AGI)grade].The authors note that this study is the first proposal that suggests an equivalence between the ability of both scores to predict mor-tality at 28 days from intensive care unit(ICU)admission.Shen et al retrospec-tively analysed an ICU cohort of patients utilising two physicians administering both the AGI grade and GIDS score,using electronic healthcare records and ICU flowsheets.Where these physicians disagreed about the scores,the final decision as to the scores was made by an associate chief physician,or chief physician.We note that the primary reason for the development of GIDS was to create a clear score for GI dysfunction,with minimal subjectivity or inter-operator variability.The subjectivity inherent to the older AGI grading system is what ultimately led to the development of GIDS in 2021.By ensuring consensus between physicians administering the AGI,Shen et al have controlled for one of this grading systems biggest issues.We have concerns,however,that this does not represent the real-world challenges associated with applying the AGI compared to the newer GIDS,and wonder if this arbitration process had not been instituted,would the two scoring systems remain equivalent in terms of predicted mortality?展开更多
BACKGROUND Obesity remains a significant global health concern,and intragastric balloons(IGBs)offer a minimally invasive weight loss option for patients who fail lifestyle and pharmacotherapy interventions.IGBs can ca...BACKGROUND Obesity remains a significant global health concern,and intragastric balloons(IGBs)offer a minimally invasive weight loss option for patients who fail lifestyle and pharmacotherapy interventions.IGBs can cause complications ranging from mild symptoms to severe issues like gastric outlet obstruction(GOO).This report discusses a 39-year-old woman who presented with clinical and radiological features of GOO post Silimed IGB placement.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old woman presented to our institution with two-week history of abdominal pain,nausea and vomiting post prandially.This was in the context of a Silimed IGB placement two weeks prior to presentation for weight loss in the context of obesity.A computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated the IGB device in the body and prepyloric region,with proximal dilatation of the body and fundus of the stomach which contained gastric contents.Due to concerns for GOO,the IGB was removed endoscopically with subsequent symptom alleviation.In addition to this,we performed a literature search of cases of IGB related GOO using the PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception date to the August 26,2024.A total of 27 articles were included in the analysis,identifying 29 cases of IGB-related GOO.These patients commonly presented with nausea,vomiting and abdominal pain,with symptom onset varying from 3 days to 18 months post IGB insertion.Abdominal computed tomography was the primary diagnostic tool and endoscopic removal was the standard treatment modality.CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of GOO caused by Silimed IGB.While effective for weight reduction,IGB-related GOO is a rare but serious complication,usually requiring endoscopic retrieval.Future research should aim to identify patient factors linked to this complication to enhance clinical-decision making and outcomes.展开更多
1.Introduction.Twinning is a fundamental mechanism for plastic deformation in many face-centered cubic(FCC)metals having low stacking fault energies(SFEs)[1,2].In particular,twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)alloys hav...1.Introduction.Twinning is a fundamental mechanism for plastic deformation in many face-centered cubic(FCC)metals having low stacking fault energies(SFEs)[1,2].In particular,twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)alloys have excellent tensile properties as a result of the intensive twinning activity[3-5].The twin boundaries also have been proven to contribute to an improved strengthening-toughening effect,mechanical stability and even fatigue performance,relative to high-angle grain boundaries and low-angle grain boundaries[6-11].Therefore,it is of major interest to clarify the twinning mechanism and thereby improve the mechanical properties of metallic materials.展开更多
Forest ecosystems are one of the largest terres-trial carbon(C)reservoirs on Earth and an important sink of anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions.Abiotic and biotic distur-bances such as windfalls,fires,outbreaks of insects ...Forest ecosystems are one of the largest terres-trial carbon(C)reservoirs on Earth and an important sink of anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions.Abiotic and biotic distur-bances such as windfalls,fires,outbreaks of insects or pests may negatively affect C storage in forest ecosystems decreas-ing their role as CO_(2) sink.The objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the impact of large-scale forest ecosystem disturbances caused by windthrow and insect outbreaks on soil C stocks and cycles,and to gather information on the impact of restoration treatments performed in disturbed stands in the context of carbon accumulation in forest soils.Discussed were effects of wind-storms and insect outbreaks as well as impacts of various approaches of forest regeneration after disturbance on C stocks and fluxes.Disturbances decrease C stocks in forest ecosystems and turn them from C sink into C source for a certain time.Regeneration of the disturbed forest restores its role as a CO_(2) sink.In montane forests artificial afforestation seems to shorten the time of achieving C parity.However,no data exists for lowland forests.Hence,there is an urgent need for studies that assess effect of windfalls and insect outbreaks on carbon storage in forests of lowland Europe.展开更多
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic liver disease or hepatic dysfunction with sarcopenia,there is an increased risk of frailty as measured by functional impairment,making frailty a vital predictor of post-transplant m...BACKGROUND In patients with chronic liver disease or hepatic dysfunction with sarcopenia,there is an increased risk of frailty as measured by functional impairment,making frailty a vital predictor of post-transplant mortality.AIM To investigate the effects of frailty on mortality after liver transplantation.METHODS A retrospective review of post-transplant outcomes in liver transplant recipients assessed frailty using Karnofsky Performance Score.Data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database for 37427 liver transplant recipients was used.RESULTS Of 82.7%frail patients,42.7%were severely frail and 40%were moderately frail(P<0.001)at the time of transplantation.Compared with non-frail patients,post-transplant mortality in frail patients was significantly higher at 12 months[odds ratio(OR)=1.94,P=0.02].Secondary analysis of the data revealed that liver grafts from donation after circulatory death(DCD)were more likely to be associated with frail patients at transplant(OR=1.86,P<0.001).Furthermore,a donor history of hypertension was associated with a lower likelihood of frailty in the recipient at the time of transplant(OR=0.65,P=0.03).CONCLUSION Recipient frailty is associated with increased mortality at 12 months following liver transplantation,and liver transplants from donors with DCD are associated with increased frailty of the liver transplant recipient.展开更多
During the most recent years, a variety of new techniques of penile reconstruction have been described in the literature. This paper focuses on the most recent advances in male genital reconstruction after trauma, exc...During the most recent years, a variety of new techniques of penile reconstruction have been described in the literature. This paper focuses on the most recent advances in male genital reconstruction after trauma, excision of benign and malignant disease, in gender reassignment surgery and aphallia with emphasis on surgical technique, cosmetic and functional outcome.展开更多
BACKGROUND Obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement(AVR)face increased surgical risks due to comorbidities.Partial upper sternotomy(PUS),a minimally invasive approach,ma...BACKGROUND Obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement(AVR)face increased surgical risks due to comorbidities.Partial upper sternotomy(PUS),a minimally invasive approach,may reduce complications compared to full median sternotomy(FMS).We hypothesize that PUS improves outcomes over FMS in obese patients undergoing AVR.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of PUS vs FMS in obese patients undergoing isolated AVR.METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines,searching PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases for observational studies comparing PUS vs FMS in obese patients undergoing AVR.Outcomes were analyzed using odds ratios(OR),mean differences(MD),95%confidence intervals(CI),I^(2)statistic,and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment.RESULTS Four observational studies involving 677 patients were analyzed.PUS reduced intensive care unit stay(MD-2.67 days,95%CI:-4.43 to-0.90,P=0.003,I^(2)=78%)but increased cardiopulmonary bypass time(MD 5.62 minutes,95%CI:-0.36 to 11.59,I^(2)=55%).No differences were observed in renal failure(OR 1.13,95%CI:0.63-2.94,I^(2)=0%),atrial fibrillation(OR 0.81,95%CI:0.43-1.54,I^(2)=30%),reexploration(OR 1.09,95%CI:0.48-2.47,I^(2)=0%),postoperative bleeding(OR 1.48,95%CI:0.53-4.15,I^(2)=60%),wound infection(OR 1.23,95%CI:0.70-2.14,I^(2)=0%),hospital stay(MD 0.51 days,95%CI:-4.13 to 5.15,I^(2)=90%),or cross-clamp time(MD 4.03 minutes,95%CI:-0.75 to 8.80,I^(2)=50%).CONCLUSION PUS is safe and effective for obese patients undergoing AVR,reducing intensive care unit stay and enhancing recovery,provided surgical expertise is available.展开更多
The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer...The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer therapy,and bioimaging.Nature has evolved efficient light-harvesting systems and energy conversion mechanisms,which serve as a benchmark for researchers.However,reproducing such complexity and harnessing it for biomedical applications is a daunting task.It requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes and the ability to replicate them synthetically.By utilizing light energy,these photocatalysts can trigger specific chemical reactions,leading to targeted drug release,enhanced tissue regeneration,and precise imaging of biological structures.In this context,addressing the stability,long-term performance,scalability,and costeffectiveness of these materials is crucial for their widespread implementation in biomedical applications.While challenges such as complexity and stability persist,their advantages such as targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine make them a fascinating area of research.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing research,highlighting the advancements,current challenges,advantages,limitations,and future prospects of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts in biomedicine.展开更多
Currently,our understanding of the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's,Parkinson's,and Huntington's diseases,is largely shaped by the amyloid cascade hypothesis.Pa rticula...Currently,our understanding of the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's,Parkinson's,and Huntington's diseases,is largely shaped by the amyloid cascade hypothesis.Pa rticularly,this hypothesis posits that in Alzheimer's disease,the aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide initiates a series of pathological processes leading to neuronal dysfunction and death(Zhang et al.,2024).展开更多
Halide perovskites is a recently emerged platform for the creation of efficient memristors.In turn,single-crystal inorganic perovskite would be new low-cost and flexible memory devices because of their excellent resis...Halide perovskites is a recently emerged platform for the creation of efficient memristors.In turn,single-crystal inorganic perovskite would be new low-cost and flexible memory devices because of their excellent resistive switching(RS)properties,without risk of chemical and mechanical stress-generated degradation,compared with the operational instability of general thin-film perovskite memristors.Moreover,miniaturization of perovskite memristors would be useful for creating high-density memory devices.Here we demonstrate the smallest CsPbBr3 perovskite nanomemristor with volatile unipolar RS characteristics which depends on the size of a single-crystal as a resistive layer due to its overall structural stability and low sensitivity to atmosphere conditions that helps to keep the stable RS switching over 1500 times with the lowest consumption power of 70 nW.To better understand the RS mechanism,we provide a comprehensive simulation of the evolution of mixed ionic-electronic charge carriers under current-voltage(I-V)tests using a one-dimensional drift-diffusion model.Because of the nonreactive nature of the contacts,the main mechanism of resistive state switching is potential barrier modulation of the Schottky contacts through the accumulation of migrating ions at the interfaces.Our findings pave the way for ultracompact memristors as well as shed light on RS mechanism in non-filamentary perovskitebased memory devices.展开更多
Background:The heartwood(HW)proportion in the trunk of mature trees is an important characteristic not only for wood quality but also for assessing the role of forests in carbon sequestration.We have for the first tim...Background:The heartwood(HW)proportion in the trunk of mature trees is an important characteristic not only for wood quality but also for assessing the role of forests in carbon sequestration.We have for the first time studied the proportion of HW in the trunk and the distribution of carbon and extractives in sapwood(SW)and HW of 70–80 year old Pinus sylvestris L.trees under different growing conditions in the pine forests of North-West Russia.Method:We have examined the influence of conditions and tree position in stand(dominant,intermediate and suppressed trees)in the ecological series:blueberry pine forest(Blu)–lingonberry pine forest(Lin)–lichen pine forest(Lic).We have analyzed the influence of climate conditions in the biogeographical series of Lin:the middle taiga subzone–the northern taiga subzone–the transition area of the northern taiga subzone and tundra.Results:We found that the carbon concentration in HW was 1.6%–3.4%higher than in SW,and the difference depended on growing conditions.Carbon concentration in HW increased with a decrease in stand productivity(Blu-Lin-Lic).In medium-productive stands,the carbon concentration in SW was higher in intermediate and supressed trees compared to dominant trees.In the series from south to north,carbon concentration in HW increased by up to 2%,while in SW,it rose by 2.7%–3.8%.Conclusions:Our results once again emphasized the need for an empirical assessment of the accurate carbon content in aboveground wood biomass,including various forest growing conditions,to better understand the role of boreal forests in carbon storage.展开更多
Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital perio...Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital periods,stellar masses,and semimajor axes in astronomical units have been obtained.The eccentricity histogram for binary stars with orbital periods less than 400 yr follows a normal distribution centered at e=0.545+/−0.029.For stars with longer periods,this distribution obeys the law f=2e,with accuracy to errors.The mass-to-luminosity relation for stars with well-determined masses is given by:log L_(⊙)=4.33 logM_(⊙)-0.11,where L_(⊙) and M_(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the star in units of the solar luminosity and mass,respectively.展开更多
Recent research has increasingly highlighted the potential oncogenic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection within the gastrointestinal tract.Growing evidence suggests that SAR...Recent research has increasingly highlighted the potential oncogenic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection within the gastrointestinal tract.Growing evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the development of gastrointestinal malignancies through several mechanisms,including sustained chronic inflammation,disruption of normal cellular homeostasis,and potential viral integration into host cells.These pathological processes have the potential to dysregulate critical cellular pathways,thereby promoting cancer development in vulnerable populations.A thorough understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the development of gastro-intestinal cancer is essential for optimizing patient care and establishing compre-hensive,long-term monitoring protocols.This review highlighted the pressing need for ongoing research into the complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer.展开更多
Unlike most plants, members of the genus Solanum produce cholesterol and use this as a precursor for steroidal glycoalkaloids. The production of the compounds begins as a branch from brassinosteroid biosynthesis, whic...Unlike most plants, members of the genus Solanum produce cholesterol and use this as a precursor for steroidal glycoalkaloids. The production of the compounds begins as a branch from brassinosteroid biosynthesis, which produces cholesterol that is further modified to produce steroidal glycoalkaloids. During the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, genetic engineering could alter the formation of cholesterol from provitamin D3(7-dehydrocholesterol) and produce vitamin D3. Cholesterol is a precursor for many steroidal glycoalkaloids, including a-tomatine and esculeoside A. Alpha-tomatine is consumed by mammals and it can reduce cholesterol content and improve LDL:HDL ratio. When there is a high a-tomatine content, the fruit will have a bitter flavor, which together with other steroidal glycoalkaloids serving as protective and defensive compounds for tomato against insect, fungal, and bacterial pests. These compounds also affect the rhizosphere bacteria by recruiting beneficial bacteria. One of the steroidal glycoalkaloids, esculeoside A increases while fruit ripening. This review focuses on recent studies that uncovered key reactions of the production of cholesterol and steroidal glycoalkaloids in tomato connecting to human health, fruit flavor, and plant defense and the potential application for tomato crop improvement.展开更多
Male gametes are produced in the anthers and are essential for fertilization and seed setting.A transverse section of the anther reveals four layers:the epidermis,endothecium,middle layer,and tapetum.The tapetum,being...Male gametes are produced in the anthers and are essential for fertilization and seed setting.A transverse section of the anther reveals four layers:the epidermis,endothecium,middle layer,and tapetum.The tapetum,being the innermost layer,plays a critical role in supplying nutrients,enzymes,and protection to microspores.Detailed microscopic and ultrastructural analyses have revealed highly active and well-organized structures within the tapetum,referred to as tapetal organelles.Molecular studies have highlighted the significance of tapetal cell death and the nurturing role of the tapetum for microspores.However,the mechanisms by which these processes are mediated by tapetal organelles at the cellular level remain elusive.The discovery of mutants defective in tapetal organelles has enabled further investigations into their structure,morphology,and function.This review discusses the molecular and functional roles of various tapetal organelles,such as plastids(amyloplasts and elaioplasts),mitochondria,tapetosomes,endoplasmic reticulum,and lipid bodies.We provide an overview of their roles,highlight key organelles in the tapetum,and address recent challenges and potential applications of genes regulating tapetal organelles in enhancing crop fertility.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparoscopic procedures,are well-established in high-income countries and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.Nevertheless,no studies have reported surgical outcomes of RALDN donor nephrectomy from a United Kingdom center to date.AIM To compare surgical outcomes between RALDN and HALDN laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a United Kingdom high-volume living kidney donor transplant program.METHODS A case-control matching analysis was performed based on the following parameters:Sex,age,body mass index,procedure laterality,number of renal arteries,and previous abdominal surgeries.Key surgical outcomes,including primary warm ischemia time,operative duration,and post-operative recovery,were evaluated.RESULTS In this cohort of 140 living donors(70 RALDN vs 70 HALDN),donor and recipient outcomes were equivalent across key metrics:Pain scores,overall complication rates,readmissions,reoperations,and creatinine levels at 30 days and 1 year.Recipient long-term renal function did not differ between groups.Operative time for RALDN decreased significantly over the study period,indicating progressive improvement along the learning curve.Although RALDN was associated with a modestly longer mean warm ischaemia time(3.53 minutes vs 2.76 minutes,P<0.001)and extended hospital stay(4.21 days vs 3.17 days,P<0.001),these did not translate into any disadvantage in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION In this first United Kingdom comparative cohort,RALDN demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy,even in the early phase of our programme,matching the outcomes of the well-established,gold-standard HALDN approach.Moreover,the pronounced learning-curve trajectory suggests considerable potential for further improvements in robotic surgical outcomes as the programme matures.
基金financial support from the Russian Science Foundation(grant No.20-72-10052)。
文摘We present a new two-dimensional(2D)map of total Galactic extinction,Av,across the entire dust half-layer from the Sun to extragalactic space for Galactic latitudes|b|>13°,as well as a three-dimensional(3D)map of Av within 2 kpc of the Sun.These maps are based on A_(V)and distance estimates derived from a data set,which utilizes Gaia Data Release 3 parallaxes and multi-band photometry for nearly 100 million dwarf stars.We apply our own corrections to account for significant systematics in this data set.Our 2D map achieves an angular resolution of6'.1,while the 3D map offers a transverse resolution of 3.56 pc—corresponding to variable angular resolution depending on distance—and a radial resolution of 50 pc.In constructing these maps,we pay particular attention to the solar neighborhood(within 200 pc)and to high Galactic latitudes.The 3D map predicts Av from the Sun to any extended object within the Galactic dust layer with an accuracy ofσ(A_(V))=0.1 mag.The 2D map provides Av estimates for the entire dust half-layer up to extragalactic distances with an accuracy ofσ(A_(V))=0.07 mag.We provide A_(V)estimates from our maps for various classes of extended celestial objects with angular size primarily in the range of 2′-40′,including 19,809 galaxies and quasars,170 Galactic globular clusters,458 open clusters,and several hundred molecular clouds from two lists.We also present extinction values for 8293 TypeⅠa supernovae.Comparison of our extinction estimates with those from previous maps and literature sources reveals systematic differences,indicating large-scale spatial variations in the extinction law and suggesting that earlier 2D reddening maps based on infrared dust emission tend to underestimate low extinction values.
文摘Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) degeneration occurs in blinding diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
文摘This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to create a demountable house using only flat glass for all components(foundations,slabs,supporting structure,beams,roof,envelope,furnishings,kitchen fixtures,appliances).Secondly,we analyze the thermal and bioclimatic behavior of this demountable all-glass house to evaluate its energy efficiency.We also assess the contribution of Vitrohouse’s bioclimatic design to its sustainability level,using 11 of the most internationally recognized GBRSs(Green Building Rating Systems),demonstrating that it achieves a higher degree of sustainability than a conventional,non-bioclimatic home of the same size.Thirdly,we analyze the contribution of Vitrohouse’s demountable nature,showing that it has a higher level of sustainability than a conventionally built house.Finally,the sustainable analysis of its demountability is quantified using 11 GBRSs.The results show that it is perfectly feasible to construct buildings solely from flat glass,achieving high energy efficiency and sustainability.Furthermore,the glass components can be easily disassembled and reused,or recycled to manufacture new components with minimal energy consumption.
文摘Shen et al’s retrospective study aims to compare the utility of two separate scoring systems for predicting mortality attributable to gastrointestinal(GI)injury in critically ill patients[the GI Dysfunction Score(GIDS)and the Acute Gastroin-testinal Injury(AGI)grade].The authors note that this study is the first proposal that suggests an equivalence between the ability of both scores to predict mor-tality at 28 days from intensive care unit(ICU)admission.Shen et al retrospec-tively analysed an ICU cohort of patients utilising two physicians administering both the AGI grade and GIDS score,using electronic healthcare records and ICU flowsheets.Where these physicians disagreed about the scores,the final decision as to the scores was made by an associate chief physician,or chief physician.We note that the primary reason for the development of GIDS was to create a clear score for GI dysfunction,with minimal subjectivity or inter-operator variability.The subjectivity inherent to the older AGI grading system is what ultimately led to the development of GIDS in 2021.By ensuring consensus between physicians administering the AGI,Shen et al have controlled for one of this grading systems biggest issues.We have concerns,however,that this does not represent the real-world challenges associated with applying the AGI compared to the newer GIDS,and wonder if this arbitration process had not been instituted,would the two scoring systems remain equivalent in terms of predicted mortality?
文摘BACKGROUND Obesity remains a significant global health concern,and intragastric balloons(IGBs)offer a minimally invasive weight loss option for patients who fail lifestyle and pharmacotherapy interventions.IGBs can cause complications ranging from mild symptoms to severe issues like gastric outlet obstruction(GOO).This report discusses a 39-year-old woman who presented with clinical and radiological features of GOO post Silimed IGB placement.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old woman presented to our institution with two-week history of abdominal pain,nausea and vomiting post prandially.This was in the context of a Silimed IGB placement two weeks prior to presentation for weight loss in the context of obesity.A computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated the IGB device in the body and prepyloric region,with proximal dilatation of the body and fundus of the stomach which contained gastric contents.Due to concerns for GOO,the IGB was removed endoscopically with subsequent symptom alleviation.In addition to this,we performed a literature search of cases of IGB related GOO using the PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception date to the August 26,2024.A total of 27 articles were included in the analysis,identifying 29 cases of IGB-related GOO.These patients commonly presented with nausea,vomiting and abdominal pain,with symptom onset varying from 3 days to 18 months post IGB insertion.Abdominal computed tomography was the primary diagnostic tool and endoscopic removal was the standard treatment modality.CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of GOO caused by Silimed IGB.While effective for weight reduction,IGB-related GOO is a rare but serious complication,usually requiring endoscopic retrieval.Future research should aim to identify patient factors linked to this complication to enhance clinical-decision making and outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001153,52322105,52271121,52130002 and 52321001)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.202119)+2 种基金the IMR Innovation Fund(No.2023-ZD01)the KC Wong Education Foundation(No.GJTD-2020-09)One of the authors was supported by the European Research Council under grant agreement No.267464-SPDMETALS(TGL).
文摘1.Introduction.Twinning is a fundamental mechanism for plastic deformation in many face-centered cubic(FCC)metals having low stacking fault energies(SFEs)[1,2].In particular,twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)alloys have excellent tensile properties as a result of the intensive twinning activity[3-5].The twin boundaries also have been proven to contribute to an improved strengthening-toughening effect,mechanical stability and even fatigue performance,relative to high-angle grain boundaries and low-angle grain boundaries[6-11].Therefore,it is of major interest to clarify the twinning mechanism and thereby improve the mechanical properties of metallic materials.
基金funded by DGLP-General Directorate of the State Forest,Poland,in frame of the grant:“Changes in the carbon fixation potential of forest ecosystems in various regeneration scenarios after large-scale disturbances and stand decay in the context of climate protection and the role of forest management”,Agreement No.MZ.271.3.12.2023.University Grant No.BZ 4436/WL URK.
文摘Forest ecosystems are one of the largest terres-trial carbon(C)reservoirs on Earth and an important sink of anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions.Abiotic and biotic distur-bances such as windfalls,fires,outbreaks of insects or pests may negatively affect C storage in forest ecosystems decreas-ing their role as CO_(2) sink.The objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the impact of large-scale forest ecosystem disturbances caused by windthrow and insect outbreaks on soil C stocks and cycles,and to gather information on the impact of restoration treatments performed in disturbed stands in the context of carbon accumulation in forest soils.Discussed were effects of wind-storms and insect outbreaks as well as impacts of various approaches of forest regeneration after disturbance on C stocks and fluxes.Disturbances decrease C stocks in forest ecosystems and turn them from C sink into C source for a certain time.Regeneration of the disturbed forest restores its role as a CO_(2) sink.In montane forests artificial afforestation seems to shorten the time of achieving C parity.However,no data exists for lowland forests.Hence,there is an urgent need for studies that assess effect of windfalls and insect outbreaks on carbon storage in forests of lowland Europe.
文摘BACKGROUND In patients with chronic liver disease or hepatic dysfunction with sarcopenia,there is an increased risk of frailty as measured by functional impairment,making frailty a vital predictor of post-transplant mortality.AIM To investigate the effects of frailty on mortality after liver transplantation.METHODS A retrospective review of post-transplant outcomes in liver transplant recipients assessed frailty using Karnofsky Performance Score.Data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database for 37427 liver transplant recipients was used.RESULTS Of 82.7%frail patients,42.7%were severely frail and 40%were moderately frail(P<0.001)at the time of transplantation.Compared with non-frail patients,post-transplant mortality in frail patients was significantly higher at 12 months[odds ratio(OR)=1.94,P=0.02].Secondary analysis of the data revealed that liver grafts from donation after circulatory death(DCD)were more likely to be associated with frail patients at transplant(OR=1.86,P<0.001).Furthermore,a donor history of hypertension was associated with a lower likelihood of frailty in the recipient at the time of transplant(OR=0.65,P=0.03).CONCLUSION Recipient frailty is associated with increased mortality at 12 months following liver transplantation,and liver transplants from donors with DCD are associated with increased frailty of the liver transplant recipient.
文摘During the most recent years, a variety of new techniques of penile reconstruction have been described in the literature. This paper focuses on the most recent advances in male genital reconstruction after trauma, excision of benign and malignant disease, in gender reassignment surgery and aphallia with emphasis on surgical technique, cosmetic and functional outcome.
文摘BACKGROUND Obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement(AVR)face increased surgical risks due to comorbidities.Partial upper sternotomy(PUS),a minimally invasive approach,may reduce complications compared to full median sternotomy(FMS).We hypothesize that PUS improves outcomes over FMS in obese patients undergoing AVR.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of PUS vs FMS in obese patients undergoing isolated AVR.METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines,searching PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases for observational studies comparing PUS vs FMS in obese patients undergoing AVR.Outcomes were analyzed using odds ratios(OR),mean differences(MD),95%confidence intervals(CI),I^(2)statistic,and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment.RESULTS Four observational studies involving 677 patients were analyzed.PUS reduced intensive care unit stay(MD-2.67 days,95%CI:-4.43 to-0.90,P=0.003,I^(2)=78%)but increased cardiopulmonary bypass time(MD 5.62 minutes,95%CI:-0.36 to 11.59,I^(2)=55%).No differences were observed in renal failure(OR 1.13,95%CI:0.63-2.94,I^(2)=0%),atrial fibrillation(OR 0.81,95%CI:0.43-1.54,I^(2)=30%),reexploration(OR 1.09,95%CI:0.48-2.47,I^(2)=0%),postoperative bleeding(OR 1.48,95%CI:0.53-4.15,I^(2)=60%),wound infection(OR 1.23,95%CI:0.70-2.14,I^(2)=0%),hospital stay(MD 0.51 days,95%CI:-4.13 to 5.15,I^(2)=90%),or cross-clamp time(MD 4.03 minutes,95%CI:-0.75 to 8.80,I^(2)=50%).CONCLUSION PUS is safe and effective for obese patients undergoing AVR,reducing intensive care unit stay and enhancing recovery,provided surgical expertise is available.
文摘The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer therapy,and bioimaging.Nature has evolved efficient light-harvesting systems and energy conversion mechanisms,which serve as a benchmark for researchers.However,reproducing such complexity and harnessing it for biomedical applications is a daunting task.It requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes and the ability to replicate them synthetically.By utilizing light energy,these photocatalysts can trigger specific chemical reactions,leading to targeted drug release,enhanced tissue regeneration,and precise imaging of biological structures.In this context,addressing the stability,long-term performance,scalability,and costeffectiveness of these materials is crucial for their widespread implementation in biomedical applications.While challenges such as complexity and stability persist,their advantages such as targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine make them a fascinating area of research.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing research,highlighting the advancements,current challenges,advantages,limitations,and future prospects of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts in biomedicine.
基金funded by the Russian Science Foundation(grant No.23-74-10092)(to AIS)。
文摘Currently,our understanding of the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's,Parkinson's,and Huntington's diseases,is largely shaped by the amyloid cascade hypothesis.Pa rticularly,this hypothesis posits that in Alzheimer's disease,the aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide initiates a series of pathological processes leading to neuronal dysfunction and death(Zhang et al.,2024).
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(project number 24-62-00022)for data analysis and by Priority 2030 Federal Academic Leadership Program for samples synthesis.
文摘Halide perovskites is a recently emerged platform for the creation of efficient memristors.In turn,single-crystal inorganic perovskite would be new low-cost and flexible memory devices because of their excellent resistive switching(RS)properties,without risk of chemical and mechanical stress-generated degradation,compared with the operational instability of general thin-film perovskite memristors.Moreover,miniaturization of perovskite memristors would be useful for creating high-density memory devices.Here we demonstrate the smallest CsPbBr3 perovskite nanomemristor with volatile unipolar RS characteristics which depends on the size of a single-crystal as a resistive layer due to its overall structural stability and low sensitivity to atmosphere conditions that helps to keep the stable RS switching over 1500 times with the lowest consumption power of 70 nW.To better understand the RS mechanism,we provide a comprehensive simulation of the evolution of mixed ionic-electronic charge carriers under current-voltage(I-V)tests using a one-dimensional drift-diffusion model.Because of the nonreactive nature of the contacts,the main mechanism of resistive state switching is potential barrier modulation of the Schottky contacts through the accumulation of migrating ions at the interfaces.Our findings pave the way for ultracompact memristors as well as shed light on RS mechanism in non-filamentary perovskitebased memory devices.
基金carried out within the framework of the most important innovative project of state importance“Development of a system of ground-based and remote monitoring of carbon pools and greenhouse gas fluxes on the territory of the Russian Federation,…”(No.123030300031-6)in the northern taiga subzone and on the border of tundra and taiga under the state assignment of the Forest Institute of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences(FMEN-2021-0018)with the partial financial support from RSF(grant no.21-14-00204)。
文摘Background:The heartwood(HW)proportion in the trunk of mature trees is an important characteristic not only for wood quality but also for assessing the role of forests in carbon sequestration.We have for the first time studied the proportion of HW in the trunk and the distribution of carbon and extractives in sapwood(SW)and HW of 70–80 year old Pinus sylvestris L.trees under different growing conditions in the pine forests of North-West Russia.Method:We have examined the influence of conditions and tree position in stand(dominant,intermediate and suppressed trees)in the ecological series:blueberry pine forest(Blu)–lingonberry pine forest(Lin)–lichen pine forest(Lic).We have analyzed the influence of climate conditions in the biogeographical series of Lin:the middle taiga subzone–the northern taiga subzone–the transition area of the northern taiga subzone and tundra.Results:We found that the carbon concentration in HW was 1.6%–3.4%higher than in SW,and the difference depended on growing conditions.Carbon concentration in HW increased with a decrease in stand productivity(Blu-Lin-Lic).In medium-productive stands,the carbon concentration in SW was higher in intermediate and supressed trees compared to dominant trees.In the series from south to north,carbon concentration in HW increased by up to 2%,while in SW,it rose by 2.7%–3.8%.Conclusions:Our results once again emphasized the need for an empirical assessment of the accurate carbon content in aboveground wood biomass,including various forest growing conditions,to better understand the role of boreal forests in carbon storage.
基金support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Contract No.20-02-00563A.
文摘Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities,the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined.The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital periods,stellar masses,and semimajor axes in astronomical units have been obtained.The eccentricity histogram for binary stars with orbital periods less than 400 yr follows a normal distribution centered at e=0.545+/−0.029.For stars with longer periods,this distribution obeys the law f=2e,with accuracy to errors.The mass-to-luminosity relation for stars with well-determined masses is given by:log L_(⊙)=4.33 logM_(⊙)-0.11,where L_(⊙) and M_(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the star in units of the solar luminosity and mass,respectively.
文摘Recent research has increasingly highlighted the potential oncogenic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection within the gastrointestinal tract.Growing evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the development of gastrointestinal malignancies through several mechanisms,including sustained chronic inflammation,disruption of normal cellular homeostasis,and potential viral integration into host cells.These pathological processes have the potential to dysregulate critical cellular pathways,thereby promoting cancer development in vulnerable populations.A thorough understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the development of gastro-intestinal cancer is essential for optimizing patient care and establishing compre-hensive,long-term monitoring protocols.This review highlighted the pressing need for ongoing research into the complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer.
文摘Unlike most plants, members of the genus Solanum produce cholesterol and use this as a precursor for steroidal glycoalkaloids. The production of the compounds begins as a branch from brassinosteroid biosynthesis, which produces cholesterol that is further modified to produce steroidal glycoalkaloids. During the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, genetic engineering could alter the formation of cholesterol from provitamin D3(7-dehydrocholesterol) and produce vitamin D3. Cholesterol is a precursor for many steroidal glycoalkaloids, including a-tomatine and esculeoside A. Alpha-tomatine is consumed by mammals and it can reduce cholesterol content and improve LDL:HDL ratio. When there is a high a-tomatine content, the fruit will have a bitter flavor, which together with other steroidal glycoalkaloids serving as protective and defensive compounds for tomato against insect, fungal, and bacterial pests. These compounds also affect the rhizosphere bacteria by recruiting beneficial bacteria. One of the steroidal glycoalkaloids, esculeoside A increases while fruit ripening. This review focuses on recent studies that uncovered key reactions of the production of cholesterol and steroidal glycoalkaloids in tomato connecting to human health, fruit flavor, and plant defense and the potential application for tomato crop improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32272191 and 32350410428).
文摘Male gametes are produced in the anthers and are essential for fertilization and seed setting.A transverse section of the anther reveals four layers:the epidermis,endothecium,middle layer,and tapetum.The tapetum,being the innermost layer,plays a critical role in supplying nutrients,enzymes,and protection to microspores.Detailed microscopic and ultrastructural analyses have revealed highly active and well-organized structures within the tapetum,referred to as tapetal organelles.Molecular studies have highlighted the significance of tapetal cell death and the nurturing role of the tapetum for microspores.However,the mechanisms by which these processes are mediated by tapetal organelles at the cellular level remain elusive.The discovery of mutants defective in tapetal organelles has enabled further investigations into their structure,morphology,and function.This review discusses the molecular and functional roles of various tapetal organelles,such as plastids(amyloplasts and elaioplasts),mitochondria,tapetosomes,endoplasmic reticulum,and lipid bodies.We provide an overview of their roles,highlight key organelles in the tapetum,and address recent challenges and potential applications of genes regulating tapetal organelles in enhancing crop fertility.
