BACKGROUND Cancer detection is a global research focus,and novel,rapid,and label-free techniques are being developed for routine clinical practice.This has led to the development of new tools and techniques from the b...BACKGROUND Cancer detection is a global research focus,and novel,rapid,and label-free techniques are being developed for routine clinical practice.This has led to the development of new tools and techniques from the bench side to routine clinical practice.In this study,we present a method that uses Raman spectroscopy(RS)to detect cancer in unstained formalin-fixed,resected specimens of the esophagus and stomach.Our method can record a clear Raman-scattered light spectrum in these specimens,confirming that the Raman-scattered light spectrum changes because of the histological differences in the mucosal tissue.AIM To evaluate the use of Raman-scattered light spectrum for detecting endoscopically resected specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and gastric adenocarcinoma(AC).METHODS We created a Raman device that is suitable for observing living tissues,and attempted to acquire Raman-scattered light spectra in endoscopically resected specimens of six esophageal tissues and 12 gastric tissues.We evaluated formalin-fixed tissues using this technique and captured shifts at multiple locations based on feasibility,ranging from six to 19 locations 200 microns apart in the vertical and horizontal directions.Furthermore,a correlation between the obtained Raman scattered light spectra and histopathological diagnosis was performed.RESULTS We successfully obtained Raman scattered light spectra from all six esophageal and 12 gastric specimens.After data capture,the tissue specimens were sent for histopathological analysis for further processing because RS is a label-free methodology that does not cause tissue destruction or alterations.Based on data analysis of molecular-level substrates,we established cut-off values for the diagnosis of esophageal SCC and gastric AC.By analyzing specific Raman shifts,we developed an algorithm to identify the range of esophageal SCC and gastric AC with an accuracy close to that of histopathological diagnoses.CONCLUSION Our technique provides qualitative information for real-time morphological diagnosis.However,further in vivo evaluations require an excitation light source with low human toxicity and large amounts of data for validation.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes...Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.展开更多
Uniaxial tensile testing explored the Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)effect in nickel-based superalloys featuring high Mo/Cr mass ratios,focusing on the influence of variations in the initial microstructure on the deformat...Uniaxial tensile testing explored the Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)effect in nickel-based superalloys featuring high Mo/Cr mass ratios,focusing on the influence of variations in the initial microstructure on the deformation behavior at room and elevated temperatures.Experimental results indicated that the PLC effect was observed solely in the high-temperature tensile curves.However,the deformation mechanisms and characteristics of the PLC effect varied with different initial microstructures.Solid solution(SS)and over-aged(OA)samples exhibited C-type serrations,while under-aged(UA)and peak-aged(PA)specimens,featuring short-and long-range ordered phases,respectively,exhibited A+B type serrations in their tensile curves.Microstructural evolution from the SS to the UA,PA and OA states changed their stacking fault energy(SFE),leading to a sequential transformation in the plastic deformation mechanisms during high-temperature tensile deformation:stacking fault(SF)→nanotwin→microtwin→SF.C-type serrations in the SS samples were associated with high solute-atom contents and SF formation.The PLC effects in the UA and PA samples were predominantly caused by solute atom pinning dislocations.Although precipitates and twins were not the primary drivers of the PLC effect,they impeded dislocation migration,exacerbated solute-atom segregation and enhanced dislocation pinning,generating A+B-shaped serrations.In the OA specimens,precipitated phases induced interfacial mismatch under thermal-force coupling.SF shearing of the precipitated phase and subsequent re-dissolution facilitated the formation of C-type serrations,whose PLC effect was induced by the combined action of dynamic strain aging(DSA),SFs of the matrix and diffusion-controlled pseudo-locking mechanisms.展开更多
Bimetallic catalysts can improve CO2 reduction efficiency via the combined properties of two metals.CuPd shows enhanced CO2 reduction activity compared to copper alone.Using differential electrochemical mass spectrome...Bimetallic catalysts can improve CO2 reduction efficiency via the combined properties of two metals.CuPd shows enhanced CO2 reduction activity compared to copper alone.Using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)and electrochemical infrared(IR)spectroscopy,volatile products and adsorbed intermediates were measured during CO2 and CO reduction on Cu and CuPd.The IR band corresponding to adsorbed CO appears 300 mV more positive on CuPd than that on Cu,indicating acceleration of CO2 reduction to CO.Electrochemical IR spectroscopy measurements in CO-saturated solutions reveal similar potentials for CO adsorption and CO3^2-desorption on CuPd and Cu,indicating that CO adsorption is controlled by desorption of CO3^2-.DEMS measurements carried out during CO reduction at both electrodes showed that the onset potential for reduction of CO to CH4 and CH3OH on CuPd is about 200 mV more positive than that on Cu.We attribute these improvements to interaction of Cu and Pd,which shifts the d-band center of the Cu sites.展开更多
对区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)的规划工作广泛涉及电能、热能、冷能等多类型能源耦合,面临很多挑战。实现多种能源间供给、需求协同互补并计及需求灵活性是综合能源规划过程中必须考虑的问题,因此提出一...对区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)的规划工作广泛涉及电能、热能、冷能等多类型能源耦合,面临很多挑战。实现多种能源间供给、需求协同互补并计及需求灵活性是综合能源规划过程中必须考虑的问题,因此提出一种考虑需求响应的区域综合能源规划方法。首先,分析工业园区、学校、医院和港区四类综合能源典型应用场景的能源配置和负荷需求,给出典型场景设备配置方案;其次,分别建立价格引导的电、热、冷负荷需求响应模型;最后,基于能源集线器(energy hub,EH)模型,建立以设备投资、运行成本和需求响应补偿成本之和最小为目标的综合能源规划模型,并采用线性化的方法对模型进行求解。相关算例表明所提方法能够有效开展典型场景下的综合能源系统规划,并降低规划成本。展开更多
Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer hospital.Methods:Patients with pulmonary nodules 4–25 mm in diameter detected via ...Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer hospital.Methods:Patients with pulmonary nodules 4–25 mm in diameter detected via computed tomography(CT)in 2013 were consecutively included.The analysis was restricted to patients with a histological nodule diagnosis or a 2-year follow-up period without nodule growth confirming benign disease.Patient information was collected from hospital records.Results:Among the 314 nodules examined in 299 patients,212(67.5%)nodules in 206(68.9%)patients were malignant.Compared to benign nodules,malignant nodules were larger(18.0 mm vs.12.5 mm,P<0.001),more often partly solid(16.0%vs.4.7%,P<0.001)and more often spiculated(72.2%vs.41.2%,P<0.001),with higher density in contrast-enhanced CT(67.0 HU vs.57.5 HU,P=0.015).Final diagnosis was based on surgery in 232 out of 314(73.9%)nodules,166 of which were identified as malignant[30(18.1%)stage III or IV]and 66 as benign.In 36 nodules(11.5%),diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and the remainder verified based on stability of nodule size at follow-up imaging(n=46,14.6%).Among 65 nodules subjected to gene(EGFR)mutation analyses,28(43.1%)cases(EGFR19 n=13;EGFR21 n=15)were identified as EGFR mutant and 37(56.9%)as EGFR wild-type.Prior to surgery,the majority of patients[n=194(83.6%)]received a contrast-enhanced CT scan for staging of both malignant[n=140(84.3%)]and benign[n=54(81.8%)]nodules.Usage of positron emission tomography(PET)-CT was relatively uncommon[n=38(16.4%)].Conclusions:CT-derived nodule assessment assists in diagnosis of small to intermediate-sized malignant pulmonary nodules.Currently,contrast-enhanced CT is commonly used as the sole diagnostic confirmation technique for pre-surgical staging,often resulting in surgery for late-stage disease and unnecessary surgery in cases of benign nodules.展开更多
Shaft sinking in frozen soils with adoption of blasting for rocks ripping in some cases leads destruction of freezing columns. Such damages are coincided to rocks interface. At the same time, in case rock stratificati...Shaft sinking in frozen soils with adoption of blasting for rocks ripping in some cases leads destruction of freezing columns. Such damages are coincided to rocks interface. At the same time, in case rock stratification is absent in geological section, rapture of freezing columns never has a place. Physical explanation of this phenomenon is possibly on the base of wave processes, which having place in specific conditions of shaft sinking with adoption of blasting works.展开更多
We present an unusual case of cutaneous carcinosarcoma with the epithelial component closely resembling nodular basal cell carcinoma, and the mesenchymal component composed of cells constituting extended follicular pa...We present an unusual case of cutaneous carcinosarcoma with the epithelial component closely resembling nodular basal cell carcinoma, and the mesenchymal component composed of cells constituting extended follicular papillae. A solitary tumor was excised in an 80-year-old man. Histologic sections revealed an ulcerated, asymmetric, poorly circumscribed neoplasm composed of epithelial cells arranged in lobules with peripheral palisading or in a cribriform pattern. The epithelial cells were darkly basophilic with scant cytoplasm and round or oval nuclei with an indistinct chromatin pattern and nucleoli. Nuclei crowding and mitotic figures were observed. Some lobules contained melanin. There were no shadow cells, sebaceous or apocrine glandular differentiation. Each epithelial nodule was surrounded by multiple rows of cells with pale vesicular nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Smaller epithelial aggregations were encircled by these cells concentrically; in larger ones these cells were aligned across a broad front resembling so-called “continuous papillae”. Additionally, numerous small follicular germ-like structures associated with papillae were seen. The cells composing “continuous papillae”showed nuclear pleomorphism, numerous mitotic figures including atypical ones, and nuclear crowding. At foci, the transition fromthe multilayered arrangement of these cells into their diffuse proliferation in the stroma was seen. There were no transitions between the epithelial and stromal component; both were intermingled as though being mutually dependent, with no areas revealing a high-grade tumor or dedifferentiation. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial cell component stained with cytokeratins. The cells of the mesenchymal component tested positive for vimentin and negative for desmin and cytokeratins. The proliferation index (Ki-67)was high in both components. Therewere also a high number of p53-positive cells in both compartments. We propose the term “low-grade trichoblastic carcinosarcoma”for this neoplasm. We are not aware of a similar tumor published in the English literature.展开更多
This study characterizes the clinicopathological spectrum of lymphoproliferations involving the breast nipple and/or areola. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular-ge-netic, and clinical features of 58 specimens ...This study characterizes the clinicopathological spectrum of lymphoproliferations involving the breast nipple and/or areola. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular-ge-netic, and clinical features of 58 specimens from 56 patients were analyzed. They were re-diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH, n = 44); other benign lymphoid infiltrates (OBLI, n = 8); peripheral T-cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified (n = 1); cases with overlapping features of CLH and B-cell lymphoma (n = 3), one of them composed of spindle cells. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia infiltrates were dense, composed mainly of B cells forming follicles with germinal centers (GC). Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia frequently showed features suggesting a malignancy as coalescing follicles with non-polarized germinal centers lacking mantle zones, and smudged infiltrates of lymphoid cells spreading into collagen (often as “ Indian files” ), smooth muscle, vessel walls, and nerve sheaths. Only two cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias recurred; otherwise all patients are without disease (mean follow-up 62 months) . Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was detected in five, and of T-cell receptor γ gene in two cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the patients fared well too. In 47% of cases Borrelia burgdorferi was detected by polymerase chain reaction and/or serology, of which one was monoclonal. We conclude that cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is the most common lymphoproliferation of the breast nipple, rarely recognized clinically, and often overdiagnosed histologically as lymphoma.展开更多
Objectives: To investigate in a retrospective study the technical aspects of using the in situ bilateral internal mammary arteries(IMAs), with the right IMA(RIMA) used for revascularisation of the circumflex system, a...Objectives: To investigate in a retrospective study the technical aspects of using the in situ bilateral internal mammary arteries(IMAs), with the right IMA(RIMA) used for revascularisation of the circumflex system, and to evaluate early and late outcome. Materials and methods: Between January 1997 and July 2003, 552 consecutive patients underwent grafting of the circumflex artery system with an in situ skeletonised RIMA routed through the transverse sinus(eventually retrocaval). Mean(SD) age was 63.8(11) years. 331(60%) patients underwent total arterial myocardial revascularisation. Mean follow up was 26(9) months. Results: The success rate of skeletonised RIMA grafting to the circumflex branch was 100%. There were 19(3.4%) in-hospital deaths. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 12(2.2%) patients. In 155 patients undergoing postoperative angiography, two had an occluded RIMA and a string-like phenomenon was seen in three RIMA and one left IMA(LIMA). Three RIMA and three LIMA had stenotic lesions. The patency rates of RIMA and LIMA were 94%and 97.4%, respectively. Strong predictors of non-functional IMA grafts were a recipient coronary artery diameter of< 1.5 mm(p=0.022),< 60%stenosis of the recipient coronary artery(p=0.015), diffuse stenotic lesions of the recipient coronary artery(p=0.018), and a small IMA calibre(p=0.0001). Cumulative actuarial survival at three years was 96.4%and event-free cumulative survival was 93.8%. Conclusions: Use of the bilateral IMAs offers the possibility of constructing various configurations, making total arterial myocardial revascularisation possible with a minimum number of arterial conduits. Use of the skeletonised RIMA through the transverse sinus and eventually retrocavally can reach most branches of the circum-flex system and is associated with an excellent patency rate. Patients who received bilateral IMA grafts for left coronary system revascularisation had improved early and late outcomes and decreased risk of death, reoperation, and angioplasty.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to document the differential neonatal morbidity and intrapartum and neonatal mortality of subgroups of preterm delivery. METHODS: This analysis included 38,319 singleton pregnancies, of which 3,...OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to document the differential neonatal morbidity and intrapartum and neonatal mortality of subgroups of preterm delivery. METHODS: This analysis included 38,319 singleton pregnancies, of which 3,304 (8.6%)-were preterm deliveries (less than 37 completed weeks) enrolled in the World Health Organization randomized trial of a new antenatal care model. We classified them as preterm deliveries after spontaneous initiation of labor, either with or without maternal obstetric and medical complications; preterm deliveries after prelabor spontaneous rupture of amniotic membranes (PROM), either with or without obstetric and medical complications; and medically indicated preterm deliveries with maternal obstetric and medical complications. Severe neonatal morbidity and neonatal mortality were the primary outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of all preterm deliveries were spontaneous, without maternal complications. Small for gestational age was increased only among the medically indicated preterm delivery group (22.3%). Very early preterm delivery (less than 32 weeks of gestation) was highest among PROM with complications (37%). For intrapartum fetal death and neonatal death, after adjusting by gestational age and other confounding variables, we found that the obstetric and medical complications preceding preterm delivery predicted the different risk levels. Conversely, for severe neonatal morbidity the clinical presentation, ie, PROM or medically indicated, predicted the increased risk. CONCLUSION: There are differential neonatal outcomes among preterm deliveries according to clinical presentation, pregnancy complications, gestational age at delivery, and its association with small for gestational age. This syndromic nature of the condition should be considered if preterm delivery is to be fully understood and thus reduced.展开更多
A simple hand calculation method based on group theory is proposed to predict the near field maps of finite metallic nanoparticles(MNP)of canonical geometries:prism,cube,hexagon,disk,sphere,etc.corresponding to low or...A simple hand calculation method based on group theory is proposed to predict the near field maps of finite metallic nanoparticles(MNP)of canonical geometries:prism,cube,hexagon,disk,sphere,etc.corresponding to low order localized surface plasmon resonance excitations.In this article,we report the principles of the group theory approach and demonstrate,through several examples,the general character of the group theory method which can be applied to describe the plasmonic response of particles of finite or infinite symmetry point groups.Experimental validation is achieved by collection of high-resolution subwavelength near-field maps by photoemission electron microscopy(PEEM)on a representative set of Au colloidal particles exhibiting either finite(hexagon)or infinite(disk,sphere)symmetry point groups.展开更多
The surface stability of coinage metals is paramount when they are used as electrode materials for functional electronic devices incorporating organic semiconductors. In this work, it is shown that the adsorption of n...The surface stability of coinage metals is paramount when they are used as electrode materials for functional electronic devices incorporating organic semiconductors. In this work, it is shown that the adsorption of non-planar vanadyl phthalocyanine molecules on Cu（110） drastically restructured the metal surface at room temperature, which was further enhanced upon moderate annealing. Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging demonstrated that the surface was restructured at step edges into sawtooth features that gradually replaced the （110） terraces. The edges of the modified steps were preferentially composed of chiral （1×6） kink sites decorated with vanadyl phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed in a tilted configuration with the oxygen atom pointing downwards. These results can have a strong impact on the optimization of the performance of organic devices integrated with phthalocyanine molecules.展开更多
基金Supported by MEXT KAKENHI,JP17K09022 and JP20K07643.
文摘BACKGROUND Cancer detection is a global research focus,and novel,rapid,and label-free techniques are being developed for routine clinical practice.This has led to the development of new tools and techniques from the bench side to routine clinical practice.In this study,we present a method that uses Raman spectroscopy(RS)to detect cancer in unstained formalin-fixed,resected specimens of the esophagus and stomach.Our method can record a clear Raman-scattered light spectrum in these specimens,confirming that the Raman-scattered light spectrum changes because of the histological differences in the mucosal tissue.AIM To evaluate the use of Raman-scattered light spectrum for detecting endoscopically resected specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and gastric adenocarcinoma(AC).METHODS We created a Raman device that is suitable for observing living tissues,and attempted to acquire Raman-scattered light spectra in endoscopically resected specimens of six esophageal tissues and 12 gastric tissues.We evaluated formalin-fixed tissues using this technique and captured shifts at multiple locations based on feasibility,ranging from six to 19 locations 200 microns apart in the vertical and horizontal directions.Furthermore,a correlation between the obtained Raman scattered light spectra and histopathological diagnosis was performed.RESULTS We successfully obtained Raman scattered light spectra from all six esophageal and 12 gastric specimens.After data capture,the tissue specimens were sent for histopathological analysis for further processing because RS is a label-free methodology that does not cause tissue destruction or alterations.Based on data analysis of molecular-level substrates,we established cut-off values for the diagnosis of esophageal SCC and gastric AC.By analyzing specific Raman shifts,we developed an algorithm to identify the range of esophageal SCC and gastric AC with an accuracy close to that of histopathological diagnoses.CONCLUSION Our technique provides qualitative information for real-time morphological diagnosis.However,further in vivo evaluations require an excitation light source with low human toxicity and large amounts of data for validation.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(General Program),Nos.23JCYBJC01390(to RL),22JCYBJC00220(to XC),and 22JCYBJC00210(to QL).
文摘Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.
基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program(No.[2022]052).
文摘Uniaxial tensile testing explored the Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)effect in nickel-based superalloys featuring high Mo/Cr mass ratios,focusing on the influence of variations in the initial microstructure on the deformation behavior at room and elevated temperatures.Experimental results indicated that the PLC effect was observed solely in the high-temperature tensile curves.However,the deformation mechanisms and characteristics of the PLC effect varied with different initial microstructures.Solid solution(SS)and over-aged(OA)samples exhibited C-type serrations,while under-aged(UA)and peak-aged(PA)specimens,featuring short-and long-range ordered phases,respectively,exhibited A+B type serrations in their tensile curves.Microstructural evolution from the SS to the UA,PA and OA states changed their stacking fault energy(SFE),leading to a sequential transformation in the plastic deformation mechanisms during high-temperature tensile deformation:stacking fault(SF)→nanotwin→microtwin→SF.C-type serrations in the SS samples were associated with high solute-atom contents and SF formation.The PLC effects in the UA and PA samples were predominantly caused by solute atom pinning dislocations.Although precipitates and twins were not the primary drivers of the PLC effect,they impeded dislocation migration,exacerbated solute-atom segregation and enhanced dislocation pinning,generating A+B-shaped serrations.In the OA specimens,precipitated phases induced interfacial mismatch under thermal-force coupling.SF shearing of the precipitated phase and subsequent re-dissolution facilitated the formation of C-type serrations,whose PLC effect was induced by the combined action of dynamic strain aging(DSA),SFs of the matrix and diffusion-controlled pseudo-locking mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91545124 and No.21750110437)supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2017PM0049)。
文摘Bimetallic catalysts can improve CO2 reduction efficiency via the combined properties of two metals.CuPd shows enhanced CO2 reduction activity compared to copper alone.Using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)and electrochemical infrared(IR)spectroscopy,volatile products and adsorbed intermediates were measured during CO2 and CO reduction on Cu and CuPd.The IR band corresponding to adsorbed CO appears 300 mV more positive on CuPd than that on Cu,indicating acceleration of CO2 reduction to CO.Electrochemical IR spectroscopy measurements in CO-saturated solutions reveal similar potentials for CO adsorption and CO3^2-desorption on CuPd and Cu,indicating that CO adsorption is controlled by desorption of CO3^2-.DEMS measurements carried out during CO reduction at both electrodes showed that the onset potential for reduction of CO to CH4 and CH3OH on CuPd is about 200 mV more positive than that on Cu.We attribute these improvements to interaction of Cu and Pd,which shifts the d-band center of the Cu sites.
文摘对区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)的规划工作广泛涉及电能、热能、冷能等多类型能源耦合,面临很多挑战。实现多种能源间供给、需求协同互补并计及需求灵活性是综合能源规划过程中必须考虑的问题,因此提出一种考虑需求响应的区域综合能源规划方法。首先,分析工业园区、学校、医院和港区四类综合能源典型应用场景的能源配置和负荷需求,给出典型场景设备配置方案;其次,分别建立价格引导的电、热、冷负荷需求响应模型;最后,基于能源集线器(energy hub,EH)模型,建立以设备投资、运行成本和需求响应补偿成本之和最小为目标的综合能源规划模型,并采用线性化的方法对模型进行求解。相关算例表明所提方法能够有效开展典型场景下的综合能源系统规划,并降低规划成本。
基金supported by a grant from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences(Grant No.PSA_SA_BD_01)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFE0103000)。
文摘Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics and work-up of small to intermediate-sized pulmonary nodules in a Chinese dedicated cancer hospital.Methods:Patients with pulmonary nodules 4–25 mm in diameter detected via computed tomography(CT)in 2013 were consecutively included.The analysis was restricted to patients with a histological nodule diagnosis or a 2-year follow-up period without nodule growth confirming benign disease.Patient information was collected from hospital records.Results:Among the 314 nodules examined in 299 patients,212(67.5%)nodules in 206(68.9%)patients were malignant.Compared to benign nodules,malignant nodules were larger(18.0 mm vs.12.5 mm,P<0.001),more often partly solid(16.0%vs.4.7%,P<0.001)and more often spiculated(72.2%vs.41.2%,P<0.001),with higher density in contrast-enhanced CT(67.0 HU vs.57.5 HU,P=0.015).Final diagnosis was based on surgery in 232 out of 314(73.9%)nodules,166 of which were identified as malignant[30(18.1%)stage III or IV]and 66 as benign.In 36 nodules(11.5%),diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and the remainder verified based on stability of nodule size at follow-up imaging(n=46,14.6%).Among 65 nodules subjected to gene(EGFR)mutation analyses,28(43.1%)cases(EGFR19 n=13;EGFR21 n=15)were identified as EGFR mutant and 37(56.9%)as EGFR wild-type.Prior to surgery,the majority of patients[n=194(83.6%)]received a contrast-enhanced CT scan for staging of both malignant[n=140(84.3%)]and benign[n=54(81.8%)]nodules.Usage of positron emission tomography(PET)-CT was relatively uncommon[n=38(16.4%)].Conclusions:CT-derived nodule assessment assists in diagnosis of small to intermediate-sized malignant pulmonary nodules.Currently,contrast-enhanced CT is commonly used as the sole diagnostic confirmation technique for pre-surgical staging,often resulting in surgery for late-stage disease and unnecessary surgery in cases of benign nodules.
文摘Shaft sinking in frozen soils with adoption of blasting for rocks ripping in some cases leads destruction of freezing columns. Such damages are coincided to rocks interface. At the same time, in case rock stratification is absent in geological section, rapture of freezing columns never has a place. Physical explanation of this phenomenon is possibly on the base of wave processes, which having place in specific conditions of shaft sinking with adoption of blasting works.
文摘We present an unusual case of cutaneous carcinosarcoma with the epithelial component closely resembling nodular basal cell carcinoma, and the mesenchymal component composed of cells constituting extended follicular papillae. A solitary tumor was excised in an 80-year-old man. Histologic sections revealed an ulcerated, asymmetric, poorly circumscribed neoplasm composed of epithelial cells arranged in lobules with peripheral palisading or in a cribriform pattern. The epithelial cells were darkly basophilic with scant cytoplasm and round or oval nuclei with an indistinct chromatin pattern and nucleoli. Nuclei crowding and mitotic figures were observed. Some lobules contained melanin. There were no shadow cells, sebaceous or apocrine glandular differentiation. Each epithelial nodule was surrounded by multiple rows of cells with pale vesicular nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Smaller epithelial aggregations were encircled by these cells concentrically; in larger ones these cells were aligned across a broad front resembling so-called “continuous papillae”. Additionally, numerous small follicular germ-like structures associated with papillae were seen. The cells composing “continuous papillae”showed nuclear pleomorphism, numerous mitotic figures including atypical ones, and nuclear crowding. At foci, the transition fromthe multilayered arrangement of these cells into their diffuse proliferation in the stroma was seen. There were no transitions between the epithelial and stromal component; both were intermingled as though being mutually dependent, with no areas revealing a high-grade tumor or dedifferentiation. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial cell component stained with cytokeratins. The cells of the mesenchymal component tested positive for vimentin and negative for desmin and cytokeratins. The proliferation index (Ki-67)was high in both components. Therewere also a high number of p53-positive cells in both compartments. We propose the term “low-grade trichoblastic carcinosarcoma”for this neoplasm. We are not aware of a similar tumor published in the English literature.
文摘This study characterizes the clinicopathological spectrum of lymphoproliferations involving the breast nipple and/or areola. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular-ge-netic, and clinical features of 58 specimens from 56 patients were analyzed. They were re-diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH, n = 44); other benign lymphoid infiltrates (OBLI, n = 8); peripheral T-cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified (n = 1); cases with overlapping features of CLH and B-cell lymphoma (n = 3), one of them composed of spindle cells. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia infiltrates were dense, composed mainly of B cells forming follicles with germinal centers (GC). Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia frequently showed features suggesting a malignancy as coalescing follicles with non-polarized germinal centers lacking mantle zones, and smudged infiltrates of lymphoid cells spreading into collagen (often as “ Indian files” ), smooth muscle, vessel walls, and nerve sheaths. Only two cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias recurred; otherwise all patients are without disease (mean follow-up 62 months) . Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was detected in five, and of T-cell receptor γ gene in two cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the patients fared well too. In 47% of cases Borrelia burgdorferi was detected by polymerase chain reaction and/or serology, of which one was monoclonal. We conclude that cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is the most common lymphoproliferation of the breast nipple, rarely recognized clinically, and often overdiagnosed histologically as lymphoma.
文摘Objectives: To investigate in a retrospective study the technical aspects of using the in situ bilateral internal mammary arteries(IMAs), with the right IMA(RIMA) used for revascularisation of the circumflex system, and to evaluate early and late outcome. Materials and methods: Between January 1997 and July 2003, 552 consecutive patients underwent grafting of the circumflex artery system with an in situ skeletonised RIMA routed through the transverse sinus(eventually retrocaval). Mean(SD) age was 63.8(11) years. 331(60%) patients underwent total arterial myocardial revascularisation. Mean follow up was 26(9) months. Results: The success rate of skeletonised RIMA grafting to the circumflex branch was 100%. There were 19(3.4%) in-hospital deaths. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 12(2.2%) patients. In 155 patients undergoing postoperative angiography, two had an occluded RIMA and a string-like phenomenon was seen in three RIMA and one left IMA(LIMA). Three RIMA and three LIMA had stenotic lesions. The patency rates of RIMA and LIMA were 94%and 97.4%, respectively. Strong predictors of non-functional IMA grafts were a recipient coronary artery diameter of< 1.5 mm(p=0.022),< 60%stenosis of the recipient coronary artery(p=0.015), diffuse stenotic lesions of the recipient coronary artery(p=0.018), and a small IMA calibre(p=0.0001). Cumulative actuarial survival at three years was 96.4%and event-free cumulative survival was 93.8%. Conclusions: Use of the bilateral IMAs offers the possibility of constructing various configurations, making total arterial myocardial revascularisation possible with a minimum number of arterial conduits. Use of the skeletonised RIMA through the transverse sinus and eventually retrocavally can reach most branches of the circum-flex system and is associated with an excellent patency rate. Patients who received bilateral IMA grafts for left coronary system revascularisation had improved early and late outcomes and decreased risk of death, reoperation, and angioplasty.
文摘OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to document the differential neonatal morbidity and intrapartum and neonatal mortality of subgroups of preterm delivery. METHODS: This analysis included 38,319 singleton pregnancies, of which 3,304 (8.6%)-were preterm deliveries (less than 37 completed weeks) enrolled in the World Health Organization randomized trial of a new antenatal care model. We classified them as preterm deliveries after spontaneous initiation of labor, either with or without maternal obstetric and medical complications; preterm deliveries after prelabor spontaneous rupture of amniotic membranes (PROM), either with or without obstetric and medical complications; and medically indicated preterm deliveries with maternal obstetric and medical complications. Severe neonatal morbidity and neonatal mortality were the primary outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of all preterm deliveries were spontaneous, without maternal complications. Small for gestational age was increased only among the medically indicated preterm delivery group (22.3%). Very early preterm delivery (less than 32 weeks of gestation) was highest among PROM with complications (37%). For intrapartum fetal death and neonatal death, after adjusting by gestational age and other confounding variables, we found that the obstetric and medical complications preceding preterm delivery predicted the different risk levels. Conversely, for severe neonatal morbidity the clinical presentation, ie, PROM or medically indicated, predicted the increased risk. CONCLUSION: There are differential neonatal outcomes among preterm deliveries according to clinical presentation, pregnancy complications, gestational age at delivery, and its association with small for gestational age. This syndromic nature of the condition should be considered if preterm delivery is to be fully understood and thus reduced.
基金The CEA authors acknowledge financial support by the French National Agency(ANR)in the frame of its program in Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies(PEEM Plasmon Project ANR-08-NANO-034,ANR P2N 2013-Samiré)NanosciencesÎle-de-France(PEEM Plasmonics project)+1 种基金the“Triangle de la Physique”(PEPS Project 2012-035T)the doctoral school“Ecole Doctorale Ondes et Matière(EDOM)”.
文摘A simple hand calculation method based on group theory is proposed to predict the near field maps of finite metallic nanoparticles(MNP)of canonical geometries:prism,cube,hexagon,disk,sphere,etc.corresponding to low order localized surface plasmon resonance excitations.In this article,we report the principles of the group theory approach and demonstrate,through several examples,the general character of the group theory method which can be applied to describe the plasmonic response of particles of finite or infinite symmetry point groups.Experimental validation is achieved by collection of high-resolution subwavelength near-field maps by photoemission electron microscopy(PEEM)on a representative set of Au colloidal particles exhibiting either finite(hexagon)or infinite(disk,sphere)symmetry point groups.
文摘The surface stability of coinage metals is paramount when they are used as electrode materials for functional electronic devices incorporating organic semiconductors. In this work, it is shown that the adsorption of non-planar vanadyl phthalocyanine molecules on Cu（110） drastically restructured the metal surface at room temperature, which was further enhanced upon moderate annealing. Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging demonstrated that the surface was restructured at step edges into sawtooth features that gradually replaced the （110） terraces. The edges of the modified steps were preferentially composed of chiral （1×6） kink sites decorated with vanadyl phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed in a tilted configuration with the oxygen atom pointing downwards. These results can have a strong impact on the optimization of the performance of organic devices integrated with phthalocyanine molecules.
