Sensors are considered as important elements of electronic devices.In many applications and service,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are involved in significant data sharing that are delivered to the sink node in energy ...Sensors are considered as important elements of electronic devices.In many applications and service,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are involved in significant data sharing that are delivered to the sink node in energy efficient man-ner using multi-hop communications.But,the major challenge in WSN is the nodes are having limited battery resources,it is important to monitor the consumption rate of energy is very much needed.However,reducing energy con-sumption can increase the network lifetime in effective manner.For that,clustering methods are widely used for optimizing the rate of energy consumption among the sensor nodes.In that concern,this paper involves in deriving a novel model called Improved Load-Balanced Clustering for Energy-Aware Routing(ILBC-EAR),which mainly concentrates on optimal energy utilization with load-balanced process among cluster heads and member nodes.For providing equal rate of energy consumption among nodes,the dimensions of framed clusters are measured.Moreover,the model develops a Finest Routing Scheme based on Load-Balanced Clustering to transmit the sensed information to the sink or base station.The evaluation results depict that the derived energy aware model attains higher rate of life time than other works and also achieves balanced energy rate among head node.Additionally,the model also provides higher throughput and minimal delay in delivering data packets.展开更多
Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.How...Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.However,it is unclear if a stimbiotic(i.e.,a combination of xylanase and XOS)has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone,and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs.Therefore,two hypotheses were tested:1)xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of gross energy(GE)and total dietary fiber(TDF),digestible energy(DE),and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2)offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation.Methods One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase,and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg(initial weight:5.81±0.50 kg).Pigs were allotted to a 2×3 factorial with two sow groups(lactation diet without or with xylanase)and three dietary treatments(i.e.,control,control plus xylanase,or control plus stimbiotic).Results There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment,and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs.From d 15 to 28 post-weaning,the ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE were greater(P<0.05)for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet,and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater(P<0.05)ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet.From d 29 to 42 post-weaning,pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater(P<0.05)ADG,ATTD of GE and TDF,and DE than pigs fed the control diet.Conclusions Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF,greater DE,and greater overall ADG,G:F,and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet,but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.展开更多
Objective To investigate hypertension(HTN)trends,key risk factors,and gender disparities in rural China,and to propose targeted strategies for improving HTN control in resource-limited settings.Methods This longitudin...Objective To investigate hypertension(HTN)trends,key risk factors,and gender disparities in rural China,and to propose targeted strategies for improving HTN control in resource-limited settings.Methods This longitudinal study used data from the Henan Rural Cohort Study,including baseline(2015–2017;n=39,224)and follow-up(2018–2022;n=28,621)participants.HTN was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg,self-reported diagnosis,or use of antihypertensive medication.Severity was classified using a 7-tier blood pressure(BP)staging system(optimal,normal,high normal,and HTN stages 1–4).A generalized linear mixed-effects model(GLMM)identified associated risk factors.Results HTN prevalence increased modestly from 32.7%(95%CI:32.2–33.2)to 33.9%(95%CI:33.3%–34.4%).Awareness and treatment improved from 20.1%to 25.3%,and from 18.8%to 24.4%,respectively,but control rates remained low(6.2%to 12.3%).After adjustment,women had a 1.53-fold higher HTN risk than men(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.43–1.63),revealing gender-specific trends.Key risk factors included alcohol use(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.27–1.47)and overweight status(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.66–1.86).BP staging showed an increase in optimal BP(42.3%to 45.8%),but stagnant management of advanced HTN stages.Conclusion Hypertension in rural China is shaped by behavioral risk factors and healthcare access gaps.Gender-sensitive,community-based interventions,including task-shifting models,are necessary to mitigate the growing burden of hypertension.展开更多
Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Opt...Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Optimizing the design and operating parameters of such systems is essential to enhance cooling efficiency and achieve uniform pressure distribution,which can lead to improved system performance and energy savings.This paper presents two multi-objective optimization methodologies for a turbulent air jet impingement cooling system.The governing equations are resolved employing the commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software ANSYS Fluent v17.The study focuses on four controlling parameters:Reynolds number(Re),swirl number(S),jet-to-jet separation distance(Z/D),and impingement height(H/D).The effects of these parameters on heat transfer and impingement pressure distribution are investigated.Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II)and Weighted Sum Method(WSM)are employed to optimize the controlling parameters for maximum cooling performance.The aim is to identify optimal design parameters and system configurations that enhance heat transfer efficiency while achieving a uniform impingement pressure distribution.These findings have practical implications for applications requiring efficient cooling.The optimized design achieved a 12.28%increase in convective heat transfer efficiency with a local Nusselt number of 113.05 compared to 100.69 in the reference design.Enhanced convective cooling and heat flux were observed in the optimized configuration,particularly in areas of direct jet impingement.Additionally,the optimized design maintained lower wall temperatures,demonstrating more effective thermal dissipation.展开更多
Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards.Supple-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal...Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards.Supple-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens.XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler chickens.Methods A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%AXRF.Each treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens each.Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly.On d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics analysis.Results Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency(P<0.05)from d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol group.Proteomic analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padj<0.00001)in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented group.In the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization pathway.Put-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved growth efficiency by reducing epithelial cell migration and differentiation(hence,turnover),actin polymerization,and consequently energy requirement for maintenance of the jejunum of broiler chickens.展开更多
Triphenylamine(TPA)-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens(TPA-AIEgens),a type of photoactive material utilizing the typical TPA moiety,has recently attracted increasing attention for the diagnostics and treatm...Triphenylamine(TPA)-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens(TPA-AIEgens),a type of photoactive material utilizing the typical TPA moiety,has recently attracted increasing attention for the diagnostics and treatment of tumors due to their remarkable chemo-physical performance in optoelectronic research.TPA-AIEgens are distinguished from other photoactive agents by their strong fluorescence,good sensitivity,high signal-to-noise ratio,resistance to photobleaching,and lack of high concentration or aggregation-caused fluoresce quenching effects.In this review,we summarize the current advancements and the biomedical progress of TPA-AIEgens in tumor theranostics.First,the design principles of TPAAIEgens photoactive agents as well as the advanced targeting strategies for nuclei,cell membranes,cell organelle and tumors were introduced,respectively.Next,the applications of TPA-AIEgens in tumor diagnosis and therapeutic techniques were reviewed.Last,the challenges and prospects of TPA-AIEgens for cancer therapy were performed.The given landscape of the TPA-AIEgens hereby is meaningful for the further design and utilization of the novel photoactive material,which could be beneficial for the development of clinic applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Restrictive practices(RPs)are defined by measures linked to physical and chemical restraints to reduce the movement or control behaviours during any emergency.Seclusion is an equal part of RPs intended to i...BACKGROUND Restrictive practices(RPs)are defined by measures linked to physical and chemical restraints to reduce the movement or control behaviours during any emergency.Seclusion is an equal part of RPs intended to isolate and reduce the sensory stimulation to safeguard the patient and those within the vicinity.Using interventions by way of virtual reality(VR)could assist with reducing the need for RPs as it could help reduce anxiety or agitation by way of placing users into realistic and immersive environments.This could also aid staff to and change current RPs.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using a VR platform to provide reduction in RP training.METHODS A randomised controlled feasibility study,accompanied by evaluations at 1 month and 6 months,was conducted within inpatient psychiatric wards at Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust,United Kingdom.Virti VR scenarios were used on VR headsets to provide training on reducing RPs in 3 inpatient psychiatric wards.Outcome measures included general self-efficacy scale,generalised anxiety disorder assessment 7(GAD-7),Burnout Assessment Tool 12,the Everyday Discrimination Scale,and the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale.RESULTS Findings revealed statistically significant differences between the VR and treatment as usual groups,in the Everyday Discrimination Scale items Q8 and Q9:P=0.023 and P=0.040 respectively,indicating higher levels of perceived discrimination in the VR group.There were no significant differences between groups in terms of general self-efficacy,generalised anxiety disorder assessment 9,and Burnout Assessment Tool 12 scores.A significant difference was observed within the VR group for compassionate engagement from others(P=0.005)over time.Most respondents recorded System Usability Scale scores above 70,with an average score of 71.79.There was a significant reduction in rates of RPs in the VR group vs treatment as usual group with a fluctuating variability observed in the VR group likely due to external factors not captured in the study.CONCLUSION Ongoing advancement of VR technology enables the possibility of creating scenarios and simulations tailored to healthcare environments that empower staff by providing more comprehensive and effective training for handling situations.展开更多
The present research investigated the effect of reduced graphene oxide(rGO) integration with assynthesized Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO nanocomposites on dielectric properties. The samples were characterized by Xray diffraction(XR...The present research investigated the effect of reduced graphene oxide(rGO) integration with assynthesized Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO nanocomposites on dielectric properties. The samples were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS), and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Complex impedance spectroscopy was utilized to characterize dielectric relaxation phenomena in Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO and Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO/rGO nanocomposites. All the samples exhibit single relaxation phenomena which are ascribed to grain boundaries. The addition of rGO to Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO nanocomposite results in the enhancement of dielectric response due to increased local field intensity caused by the formation of conductinginsulating interfaces. Furthermore, the AC conductivity of the Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO/rGO is increased at higher frequencies due to the presence of free charge carriers in rGO. At higher frequencies, Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO/rGO nanocomposite with increased concentration of ZnO exhibits a more stable dielectric constant with extremely low dielectric loss. Hence, the inclusion of rGO in Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO nanocomposites makes it a novel prospective candidate in the field of energy storage devices.展开更多
Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was c...Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P digestibility.Results Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross energy.Concentrations of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of phytase.Reduced concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase increased.The ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol release.Conclusions Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small intestine.Consequently,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and inositol.In a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires approximately 3,200 FTU/kg more phytase than that required for maximum P digestibility.展开更多
This paper proposes a mathematical modeling approach to examine the two-dimensional flow stagnates at x=0 over a heated stretchable sheet in a porous medium influenced by nonlinear thermal radiation,variable viscosity...This paper proposes a mathematical modeling approach to examine the two-dimensional flow stagnates at x=0 over a heated stretchable sheet in a porous medium influenced by nonlinear thermal radiation,variable viscosity,and MHD.This study’s main purpose is to examine how thermal radiation and varying viscosity affect fluid flow motion.Additionally,we consider the convective boundary conditions and incorporate the gyrotactic microorganisms equation,which describes microorganism behavior in response to fluid flow.The partial differential equations(PDEs)that represent the conservation equations for mass,momentum,energy,and microorganisms are then converted into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations(ODEs)through the inclusion of nonsimilarity variables.Using MATLAB’s built-in solver bvp4c,the resulting ODEs are numerically solved.The model’s complexity is assessed by plotting two-dimensional graphics of the solution profiles at various physical parameter values.The physical parameters considered in this study include skin friction coefficient,local Nusselt number,local Sherwood number,and density of motile microorganisms.These parameters measure,respectively,the roughness of the sheet,the transformation rate of heat,the rate at which mass is transferred to it,and the rate at which microorganisms are transferred to it.Our study shows that,depending on the magnetic parameter M,the presence of a porous medium causes a significant increase in fluid velocity,ranging from about 25%to 45%.Furthermore,with an increase in the Prandtl number Pr,we have seen a notable improvement of about 6%in fluid thermal conductivity.Additionally,our latest findings are in good agreement with published research for particular values.This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of fluid flow under various physical conditions and can be useful in designing and optimizing industrial processes.展开更多
This article provides a discussion and commentary around the recent advances in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR),with a focus on the aspects of lateral femoral tunnel preparation and graft ...This article provides a discussion and commentary around the recent advances in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR),with a focus on the aspects of lateral femoral tunnel preparation and graft fixation techniques.The paper explores and comments on a recently published review by Dai et al,titled"Research progress on preparation of lateral femoral tunnel and graft fixation in ACLR",while providing insight into its relevance within the field of ACLR,and recommendations for future research.展开更多
Soursop(Annona muricata L.)is a tropical fruit highly valued for its uniqueflavor,nutritional value,and health-promoting properties.The ripening process of soursop involves complex changes in gene expression and metabo...Soursop(Annona muricata L.)is a tropical fruit highly valued for its uniqueflavor,nutritional value,and health-promoting properties.The ripening process of soursop involves complex changes in gene expression and metabo-lite accumulation,which have been studied using various omics technologies.Transcriptome analysis has provided insights into the regulation of key genes involved in ripening,while metabolic compound analysis has revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.However,the integration of transcrip-tome and metabolite compound data has not been extensively explored in soursop.Therefore,in this paper,we present a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and phenolic compound profiles of soursop during ripen-ing.The integration analysis showed that the genes and phenolic compounds were mainly involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways during soursop ripening.Further,the phenolic compounds Kaempferol 3-Q-galactoside,Procyanidin C1,Procyanidin trimmer C1,and m-Coumaric,as well as the genes Ubiquitin-like protein 5(UBL5_ARATH),ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH8(FTSH8_ORYSJ),Zinc transporter 4(ZIP4_AR-ATH),Thioredoxin-like 3-1(TRL31_ORYSJ),Mitogen-activated protein kinase YODA(YODA_ARATH),R-man-delonitrile lyase-like(MGL_ARATH),26s protease regulatory subunit 6A homolog(PRS6_SOLLC),Cytochrome P45072A13(C7A13ARATH),Cytochrome P45084A1(C84A1_ARATH)and Homoserine O-trans-acetylase(MET2-ORYSJ)were correlated and differentially accumulated and expressed,respectively.Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying soursop ripening and may contribute to the development of strategies for improving the nutritional quality and shelf life of this important fruit.展开更多
The roads in correlation with the traffic linked to their existences are at the origin of the emission of numerous polluting substances likely to induce disturbances of the growth and the behavioral changes in the org...The roads in correlation with the traffic linked to their existences are at the origin of the emission of numerous polluting substances likely to induce disturbances of the growth and the behavioral changes in the organisms living in their vicinities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the growth and capacity accumulation of a common earthworm species (Millsonia omodeoi) in Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils along a main road called “Autoroute du Nord” in C?te d’Ivoire. Thus, the earthworms were harvested in soils from a distance of 0 m (just after the sidewalk) to a distance of 200 m from the toll highway and in a control soil sampled in Lamto reserve (C?te d’Ivoire). The study was carried out in the soil laboratory at the ecological station of Lamto reserve. The Ford-Walford technique was used to determine the model and parameters most appropriated for describing the growth of earthworms. A pairwise comparison of the growth parameters was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the STATISTICA 7.1 software. The heavy metals contained in the cultivated soils and earthworms were detected and quantified using a Scanning Electron Micro-scope (MEB FEG Supra 40 VP Zeiss) and an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer SPECTRA 110 (VARIAN). The capacity accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm was determined by the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) calculation. The results of this study showed that Gompertz is the most appropriated model to describe the growth of M. omodeoi. The life cycle of M. omodeoi shows that this earthworm adopts a K type demographic strategy. Cu is the most accumulated heavy metals in M. omodeoi, when Cr is the least accumulated. Concerning heavy metal content in the earthworms, it decreases while moving away from the pavement. These results highlight a possibility of choice of M. omodeoi as 1) indicators of heavy metals pollution and 2) target of biological organisms for environmental impact studies.展开更多
Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,a...Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,and recycling in various oil palm organs relative to plant age.The experiment was conducted at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Para State,Brazil,evaluating seven plant age treatments:2,3,4,5,6,7,and 8 years old.Employing a completely randomized design with four replications.The results demonstrated an age-related increase in Ca concentration in petioles,rachis,arrows,male inflorescences,peduncles,and fruits.Furthermore,Ca accumulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age.Notably,the study revealed an enhanced Ca use efficiency across all plant organs in correlation with the age of oil palm cultivation.These findings underscore the dynamic nutritional demands of oil palm,influencing Ca immobilization,cycling,and export throughout its developmental stages.展开更多
Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional pr...Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional properties such as fire retardancy and antimicrobial properties. This paper reviews the feasibility of Pomegranate Rind Extract to improve the functional properties of cellulosic fabrics. Studies show that varying concentrations and higher temperatures that were used to apply the extract on the fabric, resulted in enhanced functional properties. At a particular concentration, the treated fabric showed a 15 times lower burning rate in comparison with the control fabric. Also, antimicrobial efficacy has been observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the natural colouring material, it can be used as a natural dye on cotton material. The fire retardancy of pomegranate rind extract was tested on jute material under varying alkalinity. Research has indicated that pomegranate rind extract could be used to dye polyamide as well. The rubbing and wash fastness of the finished fabrics is good. The light fastness was fair, and its antibacterial efficiency against tested bacteria was good.展开更多
文摘Sensors are considered as important elements of electronic devices.In many applications and service,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are involved in significant data sharing that are delivered to the sink node in energy efficient man-ner using multi-hop communications.But,the major challenge in WSN is the nodes are having limited battery resources,it is important to monitor the consumption rate of energy is very much needed.However,reducing energy con-sumption can increase the network lifetime in effective manner.For that,clustering methods are widely used for optimizing the rate of energy consumption among the sensor nodes.In that concern,this paper involves in deriving a novel model called Improved Load-Balanced Clustering for Energy-Aware Routing(ILBC-EAR),which mainly concentrates on optimal energy utilization with load-balanced process among cluster heads and member nodes.For providing equal rate of energy consumption among nodes,the dimensions of framed clusters are measured.Moreover,the model develops a Finest Routing Scheme based on Load-Balanced Clustering to transmit the sensed information to the sink or base station.The evaluation results depict that the derived energy aware model attains higher rate of life time than other works and also achieves balanced energy rate among head node.Additionally,the model also provides higher throughput and minimal delay in delivering data packets.
基金financial support for this research by AB Vista,Marlborough,UK,is greatly appreciated.
文摘Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.However,it is unclear if a stimbiotic(i.e.,a combination of xylanase and XOS)has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone,and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs.Therefore,two hypotheses were tested:1)xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of gross energy(GE)and total dietary fiber(TDF),digestible energy(DE),and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2)offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation.Methods One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase,and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg(initial weight:5.81±0.50 kg).Pigs were allotted to a 2×3 factorial with two sow groups(lactation diet without or with xylanase)and three dietary treatments(i.e.,control,control plus xylanase,or control plus stimbiotic).Results There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment,and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs.From d 15 to 28 post-weaning,the ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE were greater(P<0.05)for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet,and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater(P<0.05)ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet.From d 29 to 42 post-weaning,pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater(P<0.05)ADG,ATTD of GE and TDF,and DE than pigs fed the control diet.Conclusions Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF,greater DE,and greater overall ADG,G:F,and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet,but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant NO:81930092 and 81973128)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant NO:23230042151)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Team Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(Grant NO:21IRTSTHN029)the Foundation of National Key Program of Research and Development of China(Grant No:2016YFC0900803).
文摘Objective To investigate hypertension(HTN)trends,key risk factors,and gender disparities in rural China,and to propose targeted strategies for improving HTN control in resource-limited settings.Methods This longitudinal study used data from the Henan Rural Cohort Study,including baseline(2015–2017;n=39,224)and follow-up(2018–2022;n=28,621)participants.HTN was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg,self-reported diagnosis,or use of antihypertensive medication.Severity was classified using a 7-tier blood pressure(BP)staging system(optimal,normal,high normal,and HTN stages 1–4).A generalized linear mixed-effects model(GLMM)identified associated risk factors.Results HTN prevalence increased modestly from 32.7%(95%CI:32.2–33.2)to 33.9%(95%CI:33.3%–34.4%).Awareness and treatment improved from 20.1%to 25.3%,and from 18.8%to 24.4%,respectively,but control rates remained low(6.2%to 12.3%).After adjustment,women had a 1.53-fold higher HTN risk than men(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.43–1.63),revealing gender-specific trends.Key risk factors included alcohol use(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.27–1.47)and overweight status(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.66–1.86).BP staging showed an increase in optimal BP(42.3%to 45.8%),but stagnant management of advanced HTN stages.Conclusion Hypertension in rural China is shaped by behavioral risk factors and healthcare access gaps.Gender-sensitive,community-based interventions,including task-shifting models,are necessary to mitigate the growing burden of hypertension.
文摘Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Optimizing the design and operating parameters of such systems is essential to enhance cooling efficiency and achieve uniform pressure distribution,which can lead to improved system performance and energy savings.This paper presents two multi-objective optimization methodologies for a turbulent air jet impingement cooling system.The governing equations are resolved employing the commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software ANSYS Fluent v17.The study focuses on four controlling parameters:Reynolds number(Re),swirl number(S),jet-to-jet separation distance(Z/D),and impingement height(H/D).The effects of these parameters on heat transfer and impingement pressure distribution are investigated.Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II)and Weighted Sum Method(WSM)are employed to optimize the controlling parameters for maximum cooling performance.The aim is to identify optimal design parameters and system configurations that enhance heat transfer efficiency while achieving a uniform impingement pressure distribution.These findings have practical implications for applications requiring efficient cooling.The optimized design achieved a 12.28%increase in convective heat transfer efficiency with a local Nusselt number of 113.05 compared to 100.69 in the reference design.Enhanced convective cooling and heat flux were observed in the optimized configuration,particularly in areas of direct jet impingement.Additionally,the optimized design maintained lower wall temperatures,demonstrating more effective thermal dissipation.
文摘Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards.Supple-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens.XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler chickens.Methods A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%AXRF.Each treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens each.Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly.On d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics analysis.Results Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency(P<0.05)from d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol group.Proteomic analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padj<0.00001)in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented group.In the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization pathway.Put-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved growth efficiency by reducing epithelial cell migration and differentiation(hence,turnover),actin polymerization,and consequently energy requirement for maintenance of the jejunum of broiler chickens.
基金funded by the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(No.820LH027)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.823RC472)+4 种基金the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2021WNLOKF008)the Hainan University Scientific Research Foundation(No.KYQD(ZR)19107)Natural Science Research Talent Project of Hainan Medical University(No.JBGS202101)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(2021)Project for Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging Science Innovation Group of Hainan Medical University。
文摘Triphenylamine(TPA)-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens(TPA-AIEgens),a type of photoactive material utilizing the typical TPA moiety,has recently attracted increasing attention for the diagnostics and treatment of tumors due to their remarkable chemo-physical performance in optoelectronic research.TPA-AIEgens are distinguished from other photoactive agents by their strong fluorescence,good sensitivity,high signal-to-noise ratio,resistance to photobleaching,and lack of high concentration or aggregation-caused fluoresce quenching effects.In this review,we summarize the current advancements and the biomedical progress of TPA-AIEgens in tumor theranostics.First,the design principles of TPAAIEgens photoactive agents as well as the advanced targeting strategies for nuclei,cell membranes,cell organelle and tumors were introduced,respectively.Next,the applications of TPA-AIEgens in tumor diagnosis and therapeutic techniques were reviewed.Last,the challenges and prospects of TPA-AIEgens for cancer therapy were performed.The given landscape of the TPA-AIEgens hereby is meaningful for the further design and utilization of the novel photoactive material,which could be beneficial for the development of clinic applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Restrictive practices(RPs)are defined by measures linked to physical and chemical restraints to reduce the movement or control behaviours during any emergency.Seclusion is an equal part of RPs intended to isolate and reduce the sensory stimulation to safeguard the patient and those within the vicinity.Using interventions by way of virtual reality(VR)could assist with reducing the need for RPs as it could help reduce anxiety or agitation by way of placing users into realistic and immersive environments.This could also aid staff to and change current RPs.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using a VR platform to provide reduction in RP training.METHODS A randomised controlled feasibility study,accompanied by evaluations at 1 month and 6 months,was conducted within inpatient psychiatric wards at Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust,United Kingdom.Virti VR scenarios were used on VR headsets to provide training on reducing RPs in 3 inpatient psychiatric wards.Outcome measures included general self-efficacy scale,generalised anxiety disorder assessment 7(GAD-7),Burnout Assessment Tool 12,the Everyday Discrimination Scale,and the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale.RESULTS Findings revealed statistically significant differences between the VR and treatment as usual groups,in the Everyday Discrimination Scale items Q8 and Q9:P=0.023 and P=0.040 respectively,indicating higher levels of perceived discrimination in the VR group.There were no significant differences between groups in terms of general self-efficacy,generalised anxiety disorder assessment 9,and Burnout Assessment Tool 12 scores.A significant difference was observed within the VR group for compassionate engagement from others(P=0.005)over time.Most respondents recorded System Usability Scale scores above 70,with an average score of 71.79.There was a significant reduction in rates of RPs in the VR group vs treatment as usual group with a fluctuating variability observed in the VR group likely due to external factors not captured in the study.CONCLUSION Ongoing advancement of VR technology enables the possibility of creating scenarios and simulations tailored to healthcare environments that empower staff by providing more comprehensive and effective training for handling situations.
文摘The present research investigated the effect of reduced graphene oxide(rGO) integration with assynthesized Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO nanocomposites on dielectric properties. The samples were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS), and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Complex impedance spectroscopy was utilized to characterize dielectric relaxation phenomena in Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO and Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO/rGO nanocomposites. All the samples exhibit single relaxation phenomena which are ascribed to grain boundaries. The addition of rGO to Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO nanocomposite results in the enhancement of dielectric response due to increased local field intensity caused by the formation of conductinginsulating interfaces. Furthermore, the AC conductivity of the Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO/rGO is increased at higher frequencies due to the presence of free charge carriers in rGO. At higher frequencies, Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO/rGO nanocomposite with increased concentration of ZnO exhibits a more stable dielectric constant with extremely low dielectric loss. Hence, the inclusion of rGO in Er_(2)O_(3)/ZnO nanocomposites makes it a novel prospective candidate in the field of energy storage devices.
基金support for this research from AB Vista,Marlborough,UK,is greatly appreciated。
文摘Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P digestibility.Results Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross energy.Concentrations of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of phytase.Reduced concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase increased.The ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol release.Conclusions Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small intestine.Consequently,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and inositol.In a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires approximately 3,200 FTU/kg more phytase than that required for maximum P digestibility.
文摘This paper proposes a mathematical modeling approach to examine the two-dimensional flow stagnates at x=0 over a heated stretchable sheet in a porous medium influenced by nonlinear thermal radiation,variable viscosity,and MHD.This study’s main purpose is to examine how thermal radiation and varying viscosity affect fluid flow motion.Additionally,we consider the convective boundary conditions and incorporate the gyrotactic microorganisms equation,which describes microorganism behavior in response to fluid flow.The partial differential equations(PDEs)that represent the conservation equations for mass,momentum,energy,and microorganisms are then converted into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations(ODEs)through the inclusion of nonsimilarity variables.Using MATLAB’s built-in solver bvp4c,the resulting ODEs are numerically solved.The model’s complexity is assessed by plotting two-dimensional graphics of the solution profiles at various physical parameter values.The physical parameters considered in this study include skin friction coefficient,local Nusselt number,local Sherwood number,and density of motile microorganisms.These parameters measure,respectively,the roughness of the sheet,the transformation rate of heat,the rate at which mass is transferred to it,and the rate at which microorganisms are transferred to it.Our study shows that,depending on the magnetic parameter M,the presence of a porous medium causes a significant increase in fluid velocity,ranging from about 25%to 45%.Furthermore,with an increase in the Prandtl number Pr,we have seen a notable improvement of about 6%in fluid thermal conductivity.Additionally,our latest findings are in good agreement with published research for particular values.This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of fluid flow under various physical conditions and can be useful in designing and optimizing industrial processes.
文摘This article provides a discussion and commentary around the recent advances in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR),with a focus on the aspects of lateral femoral tunnel preparation and graft fixation techniques.The paper explores and comments on a recently published review by Dai et al,titled"Research progress on preparation of lateral femoral tunnel and graft fixation in ACLR",while providing insight into its relevance within the field of ACLR,and recommendations for future research.
基金funding from CONAHCYT by the grant Ciencia Básica y/o Ciencia de Frontera Modalidad Paradigmas y Controversias de la Ciencia,Grant Number 319996:“Análisis integral de datos transcriptómicos y metabolómicos asociados a la calidad de los frutos de guanábana(Annona muricata L.)durante almacenamiento poscosecha”.
文摘Soursop(Annona muricata L.)is a tropical fruit highly valued for its uniqueflavor,nutritional value,and health-promoting properties.The ripening process of soursop involves complex changes in gene expression and metabo-lite accumulation,which have been studied using various omics technologies.Transcriptome analysis has provided insights into the regulation of key genes involved in ripening,while metabolic compound analysis has revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.However,the integration of transcrip-tome and metabolite compound data has not been extensively explored in soursop.Therefore,in this paper,we present a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and phenolic compound profiles of soursop during ripen-ing.The integration analysis showed that the genes and phenolic compounds were mainly involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways during soursop ripening.Further,the phenolic compounds Kaempferol 3-Q-galactoside,Procyanidin C1,Procyanidin trimmer C1,and m-Coumaric,as well as the genes Ubiquitin-like protein 5(UBL5_ARATH),ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH8(FTSH8_ORYSJ),Zinc transporter 4(ZIP4_AR-ATH),Thioredoxin-like 3-1(TRL31_ORYSJ),Mitogen-activated protein kinase YODA(YODA_ARATH),R-man-delonitrile lyase-like(MGL_ARATH),26s protease regulatory subunit 6A homolog(PRS6_SOLLC),Cytochrome P45072A13(C7A13ARATH),Cytochrome P45084A1(C84A1_ARATH)and Homoserine O-trans-acetylase(MET2-ORYSJ)were correlated and differentially accumulated and expressed,respectively.Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying soursop ripening and may contribute to the development of strategies for improving the nutritional quality and shelf life of this important fruit.
文摘The roads in correlation with the traffic linked to their existences are at the origin of the emission of numerous polluting substances likely to induce disturbances of the growth and the behavioral changes in the organisms living in their vicinities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the growth and capacity accumulation of a common earthworm species (Millsonia omodeoi) in Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils along a main road called “Autoroute du Nord” in C?te d’Ivoire. Thus, the earthworms were harvested in soils from a distance of 0 m (just after the sidewalk) to a distance of 200 m from the toll highway and in a control soil sampled in Lamto reserve (C?te d’Ivoire). The study was carried out in the soil laboratory at the ecological station of Lamto reserve. The Ford-Walford technique was used to determine the model and parameters most appropriated for describing the growth of earthworms. A pairwise comparison of the growth parameters was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the STATISTICA 7.1 software. The heavy metals contained in the cultivated soils and earthworms were detected and quantified using a Scanning Electron Micro-scope (MEB FEG Supra 40 VP Zeiss) and an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer SPECTRA 110 (VARIAN). The capacity accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm was determined by the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) calculation. The results of this study showed that Gompertz is the most appropriated model to describe the growth of M. omodeoi. The life cycle of M. omodeoi shows that this earthworm adopts a K type demographic strategy. Cu is the most accumulated heavy metals in M. omodeoi, when Cr is the least accumulated. Concerning heavy metal content in the earthworms, it decreases while moving away from the pavement. These results highlight a possibility of choice of M. omodeoi as 1) indicators of heavy metals pollution and 2) target of biological organisms for environmental impact studies.
文摘Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,and recycling in various oil palm organs relative to plant age.The experiment was conducted at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Para State,Brazil,evaluating seven plant age treatments:2,3,4,5,6,7,and 8 years old.Employing a completely randomized design with four replications.The results demonstrated an age-related increase in Ca concentration in petioles,rachis,arrows,male inflorescences,peduncles,and fruits.Furthermore,Ca accumulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age.Notably,the study revealed an enhanced Ca use efficiency across all plant organs in correlation with the age of oil palm cultivation.These findings underscore the dynamic nutritional demands of oil palm,influencing Ca immobilization,cycling,and export throughout its developmental stages.
文摘Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional properties such as fire retardancy and antimicrobial properties. This paper reviews the feasibility of Pomegranate Rind Extract to improve the functional properties of cellulosic fabrics. Studies show that varying concentrations and higher temperatures that were used to apply the extract on the fabric, resulted in enhanced functional properties. At a particular concentration, the treated fabric showed a 15 times lower burning rate in comparison with the control fabric. Also, antimicrobial efficacy has been observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the natural colouring material, it can be used as a natural dye on cotton material. The fire retardancy of pomegranate rind extract was tested on jute material under varying alkalinity. Research has indicated that pomegranate rind extract could be used to dye polyamide as well. The rubbing and wash fastness of the finished fabrics is good. The light fastness was fair, and its antibacterial efficiency against tested bacteria was good.
