Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular...Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular damage dur-ing post-harvest processes such as delinting,prolonged seedling emergence periods,decreased viability,increased susceptibility to infections,and lipid peroxidation during storage pose serious problems to seed quality.The perfor-mance of seeds and total crop productivity are adversely affected by these problems.Traditional methods of seed improvement,like physical scarification and seed priming,have demonstrated promise in raising cotton seed vigour and germination rates.Furthermore,modern approaches including plasma therapies,magnetic water treatments,and nanotechnology-based treatments have shown promise in improving seed quality and reducing environmen-tal stresses.By offering sustainable substitutes for conventional approaches,these cutting-edge procedures lessen the need for fungicides and other agrochemicals that pollute the environment.This review explores various con-ventional and emerging strategies to address the detrimental factors impacting cotton seed quality.It emphasizes the importance of integrating classical and advanced approaches to enhance germination,ensure robust crop estab-lishment,and achieve higher yields.In addition to promoting sustainable cotton production,this kind of integration helps preserve the ecosystem and create resilient farming methods.展开更多
Pinus densiflora is a pine species native to the Korean peninsula,and seed orchards have supplied mate-rial needed for afforestation in South Korea.Climate vari-ables affecting seed production have not been identified...Pinus densiflora is a pine species native to the Korean peninsula,and seed orchards have supplied mate-rial needed for afforestation in South Korea.Climate vari-ables affecting seed production have not been identified.The purpose of this study was to determine climate variables that influence annual seed production of two seed orchards using multiple linear regression(MLR),elastic net regres-sion(ENR)and partial least square regression(PLSR)mod-els.The PLSR model included 12 climatic variables from 2003 to 2020 and explained 74.3%of the total variation in seed production.It showed better predictive performance(R2=0.662)than the EN(0.516)and the MLR(0.366)mod-els.Among the 12 climatic variables,July temperature two years prior to seed production and July precipitation after one year had the strongest influence on seed production.The time periods indicated by the two variables corresponded to pollen cone initiation and female gametophyte development.The results will be helpful for developing seed collection plans,selecting new orchard sites with favorable climatic conditions,and investigating the relationships between seed production and climatic factors in related pine species.展开更多
Seed aging tolerance during storage is generally an important trait for crop production, yet the role of small auxin-up RNA genes in conferring seed aging tolerance is largely unknown in rice. In this study, one small...Seed aging tolerance during storage is generally an important trait for crop production, yet the role of small auxin-up RNA genes in conferring seed aging tolerance is largely unknown in rice. In this study, one small auxin-up RNA gene, OsSAUR33, was found to be involved in the regulation of seed aging tolerance in rice. The expression of OsSAUR33 was significantly induced in aged seeds compared with unaged seeds during the seed germination phase. Accordingly, the disruption of OsSAUR33 significantly reduced seed vigor compared to the wild type(WT) in response to natural storage or artificial aging treatments. The rice OsSAUR33 gene promotes the vigor of aged seeds by enhancing their reactive oxygen species(ROS) level during seed germination, and the accumulation of ROS was significantly delayed in the aged seeds of Ossaur33 mutants in comparison with WT during seed germination. Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) treatments promoted the vigor of aged seeds in various rice varieties. Our results provide timely theoretical and technical insights for the trait improvement of seed aging tolerance in rice.展开更多
Torreya grandis'Merrillii'is a well-known nut in South China with high nutritional value.Severe premature seed abscission limits the industrial development of T.grandis by causing serious economic losses.Howev...Torreya grandis'Merrillii'is a well-known nut in South China with high nutritional value.Severe premature seed abscission limits the industrial development of T.grandis by causing serious economic losses.However,the physiological mechanisms of seed abscission in T.grandis remain poorly understood.To gain insight into the relationships between carbohydrate status and seed abscission,three-year-old seed-bearing branches were taken as representative materials for the entire tree.Furthermore,the time course of changes in the photosynthetic rate and the non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)dynamics were monitored in the main sources(the one-year-old and two-year-old shoots),and the dry weight and NSC levels of sinks(the seeds,current female cone cluster,and current vegetative cluster)across all seed development stages were recorded.The cumulative seed abscission rate significantly increased,reaching 91.5%from 0 to 72 days after seed protrusion time(SPT).NSC levels in the main sources significantly decreased by 56%-79%,accompanied by a significantly increased photosynthesis rate of 17.1%-49.1%during that period and increased NSC levels in the three sinks.The gene expression level of cell wall invertase(TgCWIN)was significantly correlated with sucrose,fructose,and glucose levels.The carbon storage capacity of the main sources significantly decreased from 6.03 to3.14 mmol C·d^(-1),with a stable photosynthetic capacity,from 0 to 72 days after SPT,whereas the carbon demand of the three sinks showed a continuously increasing trend from 3.14 to 7.71 mmol C·d^(-1).In addition,sucrose supplementation significantly decreased the cumulative seed abscission rate.These results suggest that storage carbohydrates play a major role in the regulatory mechanism of seed abscission in T.grandis.Our study provides a theoretical basis for improving T.grandis yield through establishing a better carbon balance between sources and sinks using timely fertilization or proper pruning procedures.展开更多
Brassica napus,one of the most important oil crops cultivated globally,is severely impacted by prolonged soil contamination with cadmium(Cd),resulting in decreased yields and poor seed quality.This crop exhibits a hig...Brassica napus,one of the most important oil crops cultivated globally,is severely impacted by prolonged soil contamination with cadmium(Cd),resulting in decreased yields and poor seed quality.This crop exhibits a high adsorption capacity for Cd,making creating seed resources with low Cd accumulation an essential strategy to alleviate this challenge.To address this issue,we genetically edited BnaNRAMP1 in B.napus by targeting three different exon regions,resulting in new germplasm resources with significant differences in Cd accumulation capacity and unaffected yield.Among these,the mutant K140-22,specifically targeting the 7th exon,is distinguished by its substantially reduced Cd accumulation.Further,enzyme assays of the antioxidant defense system in both roots and shoots of K140-22 revealed its enhanced antioxidant activity,which contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance to heavy metal stress.Remarkably,this mutant also maintained equivalent agronomic traits and seed quality,which highlights its potential as a germplasm resource for rapeseed breeding for low Cd accumulation and elevating rapeseed economic value in Cd-contaminated soil.展开更多
To screen high-quality early-maturing rapeseed germplasm resources,this study took six early-maturing Brassica napus varieties(ZY1,ZY2,ZY3,ZY4,ZY5,and ZY6)as research objects to compare and analyze their agronomic tra...To screen high-quality early-maturing rapeseed germplasm resources,this study took six early-maturing Brassica napus varieties(ZY1,ZY2,ZY3,ZY4,ZY5,and ZY6)as research objects to compare and analyze their agronomic traits,resistance,and yield traits.The results showed that the six early-maturing rapeseed varieties exhibited strong pre-winter growth,with the number of green leaf on the main stem ranging from 9.0 to 11.6,the total leaf number of main stem from 11.8 to 14.2,the maximum leaf length on main stem from 41.28 cm to 47.54 cm,the maximum leaf width from 12.02 cm to 13.38 cm,and the rhizome thickness from 20.64 mm to 25.82 mm.The order of green leaf,total leaf,maximum leaf length,and rhizome thickness from high to low across varieties was ZY1>ZY2>ZY3>ZY4>ZY5>ZY6,while the maximum leaf width followed ZY2>ZY1>ZY3>ZY4>ZY5>ZY6.Compared with other varieties,ZY1 and ZY2 had earlier bolting,initial flowering,final flowering,and harvesting times.The growth periods of the varieties were 183-189 d,with ZY1 being the shortest(183 d)and ZY2 following(185 d).Resistance investigations showed that ZY1 had the lowest freeze damage rate(13%)and freeze damage index(0.043),followed by ZY2(15%and 0.060).No Sclerotinia stem rot was observed at the seedling stage,while all varieties developed the disease at maturity;ZY1 had the lowest incidence(15%)and disease index(0.050),followed by ZY2(18%and 0.070).In terms of yield traits,the yield per plant of the six varieties ranged from 11.46 g to 14.53 g,with ZY1 being the highest(14.53 g)and ZY2 following(13.42 g).In conclusion,ZY1 and ZY2 exhibited vigorous pre-winter growth,early bolting and flowering,short growth periods,strong freeze and disease resistance,and high yield per plant,making them ideal materials for early-maturing rapeseed breeding.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low...Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low temperatures.However,few genes for cold tolerance have been identified.In this study,we identified OsALA4(Aminophospholipid ATPase 4),encoding a plasma membrane-localized P4-ATPase,from a chromosomal segment substitution line(CSSL-K2832-2)harboring cold-tolerance QTL qLTS5(Low Temperature Sensitive 5).Genetic and subcellular localization analyses revealed that OsALA4 regulates cold tolerance by maintaining plasma membrane fluidity and cellular homeostasis.Physiological assessments showed that OsALA4 reduces malondialdehyde(MDA),electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and cell death under cold stress.Promoter activity assays indicated that stronger OsALA4 expression in Nipponbare(OsALA4Nip)correlated with enhanced cold tolerance.Further experiments demonstrated that SNP sites within the promoter regions(-1500 bp to-700 bp)of OsALA4Nipand OsALA49311influenced their activity.This study highlights Os ALA4 as a valuable genetic target for breeding cold tolerant rice.展开更多
Seed vigor is a crucial trait for the direct seeding of rice.Here we examined the genetic regulation of seed vigor traits in rice,including germination index(GI)and germination potential(GP),using a genome-wide associ...Seed vigor is a crucial trait for the direct seeding of rice.Here we examined the genetic regulation of seed vigor traits in rice,including germination index(GI)and germination potential(GP),using a genome-wide association study approach.One major quantitative trait locus,qGI6/qGP6,was identified simultaneously for both GI and GP.The candidate gene encoding the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B(OsCOX5B)was validated for qGI6/qGP6.The disruption of OsCOX5B caused the vigor traits to be significantly lower in Oscox5b mutants than in the japonica Nipponbare wild type(WT).Gene co-expression analysis revealed that OsCOX5B influences seed vigor mainly by modulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle process.The glucose levels were significantly higher while the pyruvic acid and adenosine triphosphate levels were significantly lower in Oscox5b mutants than in WT during seed germination.The elite haplotype of OsCOX5B facilitates seed vigor by increasing its expression during seed germination.Thus,we propose that OsCOX5B is a potential target for the breeding of rice varieties with enhanced seed vigor for direct seeding.展开更多
Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germinat...Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germination was identified in a genome-wide association study.The candidate gene JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 5(OsJAZ5)of the QTL was verified that positively regulates seed germination.OsJAZ5 regulation of seed germination involves an OsABI3-mediated abscisic acid pathway.Overexpression of OsJAZ5 facilitated seed germination.The application of OsJAZ5 might be useful for increasing seed germination for rice direct seeding.展开更多
Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is a high-quality rice variety derived from the hybrid breeding of Danxiang 12A and Xianghuixiangmiao R133.Its unique temperature-sensitive three-line characteristics endow it with significan...Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is a high-quality rice variety derived from the hybrid breeding of Danxiang 12A and Xianghuixiangmiao R133.Its unique temperature-sensitive three-line characteristics endow it with significant advantages of high and stable yield,and its rice fragrance is exquisite and its taste is delicate.Danxiangyouzhenliang rice showed good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.On June 10,2021,Danxiangyouzhenliang rice passed the Guangxi Crop Variety Approval(Guishendao 2021074).Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is suitable to be planted as early and late rice in southern,central and northern Guangxi.This study summarized the breeding process and high-yielding seed production techniques of Danxiangyouzhenliang rice,in order to provide useful reference for rice breeders and growers.展开更多
The seed storage materials accumulate during seed development,and are essential for seed germination and seedling establishment.Here we employed two bi-parental populations of an F2:3 population developed from a cross...The seed storage materials accumulate during seed development,and are essential for seed germination and seedling establishment.Here we employed two bi-parental populations of an F2:3 population developed from a cross of improved 220(I220,small seeds with low starch)and PH4CV(large seeds with high starch),as well as recombinant-inbred lines(RILs)of X178(high starch)and its improved introgression line I178(low starch),to identify the genes that control seed storage materials.We identified a total of 12 QTLs for starch,protein and oil,which explained 3.44-10.79%of the phenotypic variances.Among them,qSTA2-1 identified in F2:3 and qSTA2-2 identified in the RILs partially overlapped at an interval of 7.314-9.554 Mb,and they explained 3.44-10.21%of the starch content variation,so they were selected for further study.Fine mapping of qSTA2-2 with the backcrossed populations of ^(I220)/PH4CV in each generation narrowed it down to a 199.7 kb interval that contains 14 open reading frames(ORFs).Transcriptomic analysis of developing seeds from the near-isogenic lines(NILs)of ^(I220)/PH4CV(BC_(5)F_(2))showed that only 11 ORFs were expressed in 20 days after pollination(DAP)seeds.Five of them were upregulated and six of them were downregulated in NIL^(I220),and the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between NIL^(I220) and NIL^(PH4CV) were enriched in starch metabolism,hormone signal transduction and glycosaminoglycan degradation.Of the eleven NIL^(I220) differential expressed ORFs,ORF4(Zm00001d002260)and ORF5(Zm00001d002261)carry 75%protein sequence similarity,both encodes an glycolate oxidase,were the possible candidates of qSTA2-2.Further analysis and validation indicated that mutation of the qSTA2-2 locus resulted in the dysfunction of ABA accumulation,the embryo/endosperm ratio and the starch and hormone levels.展开更多
This study aimed to understand the growing development and physiological characteristics of seeds harvested different days after pollination and the seedlings emerged from the seeds of yellow-seeded Brassica napus L.....This study aimed to understand the growing development and physiological characteristics of seeds harvested different days after pollination and the seedlings emerged from the seeds of yellow-seeded Brassica napus L..Two yellow-seeded cultivars‘Hongyuan 558’and‘Qinyou 806’were selected in this study,and 50 seeds were collected 30,35,and 40 d after pollination,respectively.The seeds were weighed and placed on filter paper for hydroponic experiments.The seed germination rate was determined 3-5 d later.The physiological indicators including superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)activities and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured for the seeds harvested different days after pollination and the 7-day-seedlings emerged from the seeds.The results showed that the seed dry weights and germination rates of both‘Qinyou 806’and‘Hongyuan 558’increased as the days after pollination increased,especially 30-35 d after pollination.The germination rate and dry and fresh weights of the seeds showed no significant differences between the two cultivars,and almost all the seeds germinated 40 d after pollination.As the days after pollination increased,the SOD activities in the seeds of both cultivars first increased and then decreased,reaching their peaks 35 d after pollination,which may be related to encountering adverse stress.The POD activity in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’kept declining,and that of‘Hongyuan 558’first increased and then decreased,which may be related to the antioxidant mechanism and adaptive regulation.The CAT activities in the seeds of both cultivars first decreased and then increased.The MDA content in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’first decreased and then increased,while that of‘Hongyuan 558’kept reducing and was the highest in the seeds 30 d after pollination,which indicated‘Hongyuan 558’was mildly affected by the environment and had strong resistance.The activities of SOD and POD in the seedlings of two cultivars that were emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination became weakened,which may be related to their exposure to stress.The CAT activity in the seedlings of‘Hongyuan 558’was generally higher than that of‘Qinyou 806’,indicating that‘Hongyuan 558’had stronger stress resistance.The MDA content in the seedlings emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination showed a decreasing trend,indicating that the seedlings emerged from the seeds harvested at this stage had mild cell membrane damage and enhanced stress resistance.In conclusion,‘Hongyuan 558’had strong environmental adaptability and stress resistance.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used...[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.展开更多
Evaluation of seed quality is the key to seed distributing and seeding of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, as an important species for pharmacy and soil conservation. Here, we study the effects of light and temperature on...Evaluation of seed quality is the key to seed distributing and seeding of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, as an important species for pharmacy and soil conservation. Here, we study the effects of light and temperature on seed germination and mechanical and chemical scarification on breaking the seed coat. Seeds were collected in 2004, 2005, and 2006, placed in Petri dishes, and incubated at constant temperature 20, 25, and 30℃, and alternating temperature 15-25, 20-30, 15-30, and 20-35℃ under either an 8h photoperiod or total darkness for 28 consecutive days. Different methods were used to break the dormancy owing to hard seededness in this species such as chemical scarification by immersing in concentrated sulphuric acid for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 min, in 0.2% KNO3 solution to saturate the seedbed, and prechilling for 7 d at 7℃ and mechanical scarification by cutting. The results showed that alternating temperature at 20-30℃ with 8 h photoperiod and 16 h darkness was optimum for G. uralensis seed germinating in the laboratory. Hard seeds were broken by concentrated sulphuric acid soaking or mechanical scarification by cutting. Germination of seeds harvested in two different years was both promoted by immersing for 30-45 min in concentrated sulphuric acid. KNO3 solution was ineffective for reducing hard seeds. During seed germinating, the first count was on the 7th day and the last count was on the 14th day.展开更多
This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of...This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of the most important environmental factors that restrict plant growth and yield. Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable commercial crop, highly sensitive to CS. Thus, identifying an efficient strategy to mitigate cold damage is critical for long-term pepper production. For this purpose, the roots of pepper seedlings were pretreated with ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) and exposed to CS for 7 d. The results indicated that CS suppressed pepper growth, hampered photosynthetic capacity, and damaged root architecture in pepper plants. In contrast, the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), electrolyte leakage(EL), proline, and soluble sugars were enhanced in plants under CS. ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) pretreatment reduced the negative effects of CS by recovering plant growth, root traits, gas exchange elements, and pigment molecules compared to CS control treatment. Furthermore, ME application efficiently reduced oxidative stress markers [hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-)), EL, and MDA] while increasing proline and soluble sugar content in pepper leaves. ME application combined with CS further increased antioxidant enzymes and related gene expression. Collectively, our results confirmed the mitigating potential of ME supplementation for CS by maintaining pepper seedling growth,improving the photosynthesis apparatus, regulating pigments, and osmolyte content.展开更多
Soybean is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil.The oil content and fatty acid ratio have attracted significant attention due to their impacts on the shelf-life of soybean oil products and consumer healt...Soybean is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil.The oil content and fatty acid ratio have attracted significant attention due to their impacts on the shelf-life of soybean oil products and consumer health.In this study,a high-density genetic map derived from Guizao 1 and Brazil 13 was used to analyze the quantitative trait loci of palmitic acid(PA),stearic acid(SA),oleic acid(OA),linoleic acid(LA),linolenic acid(LNA),and oil content(OC).A total of 54 stable QTLs were detected in the genetic map linkage analysis,which shared six bin intervals.Among them,the bin interval on chromosome 13(bin106-bin118 and bin123-bin125)was found to include stable QTLs in multiple environments that were linked to OA,LA,and LNA.Eight differentially expressed genes(DEGs)within these QTL intervals were determined as candidate genes according to the combination of parental resequencing,bioinformatics and RNA sequencing data.All these results are conducive to breeding soybean with the ideal fatty acid ratio for food,and provide the genetic basis for mining genes related to the fatty acid and oil content traits in soybean.展开更多
Poor seedling emergence is a challenge for direct seeding of rice under deep-sowing field conditions.Here we reveal that UDP-glucosyltransferase OsUGT75A promotes rice seedling emergence under deepsowing conditions by...Poor seedling emergence is a challenge for direct seeding of rice under deep-sowing field conditions.Here we reveal that UDP-glucosyltransferase OsUGT75A promotes rice seedling emergence under deepsowing conditions by increasing shoot length.Expression of OsUGT75A was higher in the middle regions of the shoot and in shoots under deep-sowing conditions.Levels of free abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonates(JA)were higher in shoots of OsUGT75A mutants than in those of wild-type plants,and OsUGT75A mutants were more sensitive to ABA and JA treatments.Reduced shoot length was attributed to higher ABA INSENSITIVE 3(OsABI3)expression and lower JASMONATE-ZIM domain protein(OsJAZ)expression in shoots.Shoot extension by OsUGT75A is achieved mainly by promotion of cell elongation.An elite haplotype of OsUGT75A associated with increased shoot length was identified among indica rice accessions.OsUGT75A acts to increase seedling emergence under deep-sowing conditions.展开更多
Wheat is a strategic crop for food security in Pakistan with predominance of smallholder farmers. Farmer-saved seed （FSS） is used nearly by 75% of farmers for wheat production. Frequent variety or seed replacement i...Wheat is a strategic crop for food security in Pakistan with predominance of smallholder farmers. Farmer-saved seed （FSS） is used nearly by 75% of farmers for wheat production. Frequent variety or seed replacement is uncommon even among large-scale farmers, and certified seed （CS） is mostly bought to verify the value of new varieties. Replacing old and obsolete varieties by new high yielding disease resistant varieties is key to transferring new genetic gains to farmers. For the first time in Pakistan, on-farm factorial experiments involving seven new and five old wheat varieties and their corresponding CS and FSS were conducted. A total of 49 farmers representing major wheat cropping patterns throughout the country participated in these trials in the 2014 and 2015 wheat growing seasons. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference between wheat varieties and between seed classes. New variety ＋ CS gave 33.8% more grain yield as well as higher marginal return over farmers＇ variety ＋ FSS. Grain yield and returns from new variety ＋ FSS and farmers＇ variety ＋ CS were at par. Scientific knowledge generated in this research demonstrated that use of CS ＆new wheat varieties is best option, while growing new varieties with FSS is a second choice for the advantages accruing from their built-in genetic traits of economic importance over growing CS of old and obsolete varieties. Having more flexible seed system will help accelerate the delivery of new genetic gains to farmers＇ fields.展开更多
We analyzed 17 seed sources （seed stands） ofPinus wallichiana for variations present in cone and seed characters, scattered over natural distribution in north-west Himalayan states （Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh...We analyzed 17 seed sources （seed stands） ofPinus wallichiana for variations present in cone and seed characters, scattered over natural distribution in north-west Himalayan states （Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh） of India. The significant variations were observed in cone weight, cone length, cone width, seed length, seed width, seed weight, seed germination, radicle length, and plumule length among different seed sources of the species. Significant positive correlation between seed weight, cone weight and cone width showed that seed weight in the species depend more on the cone size. Seed germination was also positively correlated with seed weight, cone weight and radicle length in the study. The estimates of variability with regard to genetic parameters for seed weight, seed germination, cone length, cone width, cone weight showed wide range of variation in the study. Seed weight showed high heritability values coupled with maximum genetic gain. Traits with such values indicate presence of good amount of heritable additive components and are under strong genetic control. The findings of the study revealed that seed sources expressed both phenotypic and genotypic differences in the seed and cone traits which might be due to the differences in genetic make up of various seed sources and environmental factors i,e. genotypic and environmental interaction, The study suggests that the seed weight should be given the top priority for the further improvement of this species.展开更多
Pre-harvest desiccation may increase the efficiency of seed production. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of diquat, paraquat, and ethephon applications on grain moisture, grain weight, and seed ge...Pre-harvest desiccation may increase the efficiency of seed production. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of diquat, paraquat, and ethephon applications on grain moisture, grain weight, and seed ger- mination of hybrid rice Yanliangyou 88 （Oryza sativa ssp. indica） and conventional rice Wuyunjing 7 （Oryza sativa ssp. japonica）. In 2013, we tested 12 treatments applied at four weeks （Yanliangyou 88） and six weeks （Wuyunjing 7） after heading. Results showed that reductions in moisture content were significant two and four days after chemical ap- plication. Chemical applications had no adverse effects on lO00-grain weight, germination percentage, or germination index, but there were negative effects on the percentage of normal seedlings. Desiccation effects increased with increase in the period after application, while the effect of ethephon combined with diquat or paraquat on desiccation was limited compared with that of diquat or paraquat alone in a short period after application. In 2013, chemical ap- plications reduced the moisture content by from 0.5% to 6.4%, the germination percentage by from 0% to 3.3%, and the percentage of normal seedlings by from 13.3% to 100.0%. Among the treatments, diquat applied at 120 g/ha resulted in effective desiccation with fewer negative effects on grain weight and seed germination in 2013 and 2014. Therefore, diquat may have potential as a pre-harvest chemical desiccation treatment for rice. These results may provide a basis for developing and implementing protocols for large scale field trials.展开更多
基金the Indian Council of Agriculture Research-National Agriculture Higher Education Program(No.A4/003026/2023)to carry out this work during the international faculty training program at Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,under the Institution Development Plan.
文摘Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular damage dur-ing post-harvest processes such as delinting,prolonged seedling emergence periods,decreased viability,increased susceptibility to infections,and lipid peroxidation during storage pose serious problems to seed quality.The perfor-mance of seeds and total crop productivity are adversely affected by these problems.Traditional methods of seed improvement,like physical scarification and seed priming,have demonstrated promise in raising cotton seed vigour and germination rates.Furthermore,modern approaches including plasma therapies,magnetic water treatments,and nanotechnology-based treatments have shown promise in improving seed quality and reducing environmen-tal stresses.By offering sustainable substitutes for conventional approaches,these cutting-edge procedures lessen the need for fungicides and other agrochemicals that pollute the environment.This review explores various con-ventional and emerging strategies to address the detrimental factors impacting cotton seed quality.It emphasizes the importance of integrating classical and advanced approaches to enhance germination,ensure robust crop estab-lishment,and achieve higher yields.In addition to promoting sustainable cotton production,this kind of integration helps preserve the ecosystem and create resilient farming methods.
基金supported by the National Institute of Forest Sciencethe R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (No.2022458B10-2224-0201) of the Korea Forest Service
文摘Pinus densiflora is a pine species native to the Korean peninsula,and seed orchards have supplied mate-rial needed for afforestation in South Korea.Climate vari-ables affecting seed production have not been identified.The purpose of this study was to determine climate variables that influence annual seed production of two seed orchards using multiple linear regression(MLR),elastic net regres-sion(ENR)and partial least square regression(PLSR)mod-els.The PLSR model included 12 climatic variables from 2003 to 2020 and explained 74.3%of the total variation in seed production.It showed better predictive performance(R2=0.662)than the EN(0.516)and the MLR(0.366)mod-els.Among the 12 climatic variables,July temperature two years prior to seed production and July precipitation after one year had the strongest influence on seed production.The time periods indicated by the two variables corresponded to pollen cone initiation and female gametophyte development.The results will be helpful for developing seed collection plans,selecting new orchard sites with favorable climatic conditions,and investigating the relationships between seed production and climatic factors in related pine species.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2022B0202060006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201838,32272157,32172052,and 31971995)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515012052)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(SCKJJYRC-2022-87)the Double First-class Discipline Promotion Project,China(2021B10564001)
文摘Seed aging tolerance during storage is generally an important trait for crop production, yet the role of small auxin-up RNA genes in conferring seed aging tolerance is largely unknown in rice. In this study, one small auxin-up RNA gene, OsSAUR33, was found to be involved in the regulation of seed aging tolerance in rice. The expression of OsSAUR33 was significantly induced in aged seeds compared with unaged seeds during the seed germination phase. Accordingly, the disruption of OsSAUR33 significantly reduced seed vigor compared to the wild type(WT) in response to natural storage or artificial aging treatments. The rice OsSAUR33 gene promotes the vigor of aged seeds by enhancing their reactive oxygen species(ROS) level during seed germination, and the accumulation of ROS was significantly delayed in the aged seeds of Ossaur33 mutants in comparison with WT during seed germination. Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) treatments promoted the vigor of aged seeds in various rice varieties. Our results provide timely theoretical and technical insights for the trait improvement of seed aging tolerance in rice.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U20A2049 and 32271922)。
文摘Torreya grandis'Merrillii'is a well-known nut in South China with high nutritional value.Severe premature seed abscission limits the industrial development of T.grandis by causing serious economic losses.However,the physiological mechanisms of seed abscission in T.grandis remain poorly understood.To gain insight into the relationships between carbohydrate status and seed abscission,three-year-old seed-bearing branches were taken as representative materials for the entire tree.Furthermore,the time course of changes in the photosynthetic rate and the non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)dynamics were monitored in the main sources(the one-year-old and two-year-old shoots),and the dry weight and NSC levels of sinks(the seeds,current female cone cluster,and current vegetative cluster)across all seed development stages were recorded.The cumulative seed abscission rate significantly increased,reaching 91.5%from 0 to 72 days after seed protrusion time(SPT).NSC levels in the main sources significantly decreased by 56%-79%,accompanied by a significantly increased photosynthesis rate of 17.1%-49.1%during that period and increased NSC levels in the three sinks.The gene expression level of cell wall invertase(TgCWIN)was significantly correlated with sucrose,fructose,and glucose levels.The carbon storage capacity of the main sources significantly decreased from 6.03 to3.14 mmol C·d^(-1),with a stable photosynthetic capacity,from 0 to 72 days after SPT,whereas the carbon demand of the three sinks showed a continuously increasing trend from 3.14 to 7.71 mmol C·d^(-1).In addition,sucrose supplementation significantly decreased the cumulative seed abscission rate.These results suggest that storage carbohydrates play a major role in the regulatory mechanism of seed abscission in T.grandis.Our study provides a theoretical basis for improving T.grandis yield through establishing a better carbon balance between sources and sinks using timely fertilization or proper pruning procedures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1601502 and 2023YFD1200202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272167 and 32341028)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2022ZDZX0015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(SCU2019D013)。
文摘Brassica napus,one of the most important oil crops cultivated globally,is severely impacted by prolonged soil contamination with cadmium(Cd),resulting in decreased yields and poor seed quality.This crop exhibits a high adsorption capacity for Cd,making creating seed resources with low Cd accumulation an essential strategy to alleviate this challenge.To address this issue,we genetically edited BnaNRAMP1 in B.napus by targeting three different exon regions,resulting in new germplasm resources with significant differences in Cd accumulation capacity and unaffected yield.Among these,the mutant K140-22,specifically targeting the 7th exon,is distinguished by its substantially reduced Cd accumulation.Further,enzyme assays of the antioxidant defense system in both roots and shoots of K140-22 revealed its enhanced antioxidant activity,which contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance to heavy metal stress.Remarkably,this mutant also maintained equivalent agronomic traits and seed quality,which highlights its potential as a germplasm resource for rapeseed breeding for low Cd accumulation and elevating rapeseed economic value in Cd-contaminated soil.
文摘To screen high-quality early-maturing rapeseed germplasm resources,this study took six early-maturing Brassica napus varieties(ZY1,ZY2,ZY3,ZY4,ZY5,and ZY6)as research objects to compare and analyze their agronomic traits,resistance,and yield traits.The results showed that the six early-maturing rapeseed varieties exhibited strong pre-winter growth,with the number of green leaf on the main stem ranging from 9.0 to 11.6,the total leaf number of main stem from 11.8 to 14.2,the maximum leaf length on main stem from 41.28 cm to 47.54 cm,the maximum leaf width from 12.02 cm to 13.38 cm,and the rhizome thickness from 20.64 mm to 25.82 mm.The order of green leaf,total leaf,maximum leaf length,and rhizome thickness from high to low across varieties was ZY1>ZY2>ZY3>ZY4>ZY5>ZY6,while the maximum leaf width followed ZY2>ZY1>ZY3>ZY4>ZY5>ZY6.Compared with other varieties,ZY1 and ZY2 had earlier bolting,initial flowering,final flowering,and harvesting times.The growth periods of the varieties were 183-189 d,with ZY1 being the shortest(183 d)and ZY2 following(185 d).Resistance investigations showed that ZY1 had the lowest freeze damage rate(13%)and freeze damage index(0.043),followed by ZY2(15%and 0.060).No Sclerotinia stem rot was observed at the seedling stage,while all varieties developed the disease at maturity;ZY1 had the lowest incidence(15%)and disease index(0.050),followed by ZY2(18%and 0.070).In terms of yield traits,the yield per plant of the six varieties ranged from 11.46 g to 14.53 g,with ZY1 being the highest(14.53 g)and ZY2 following(13.42 g).In conclusion,ZY1 and ZY2 exhibited vigorous pre-winter growth,early bolting and flowering,short growth periods,strong freeze and disease resistance,and high yield per plant,making them ideal materials for early-maturing rapeseed breeding.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32121003,32325038)Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan(2021YFYZ0016)Open Project Program(SKL-ZD202207)of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low temperatures.However,few genes for cold tolerance have been identified.In this study,we identified OsALA4(Aminophospholipid ATPase 4),encoding a plasma membrane-localized P4-ATPase,from a chromosomal segment substitution line(CSSL-K2832-2)harboring cold-tolerance QTL qLTS5(Low Temperature Sensitive 5).Genetic and subcellular localization analyses revealed that OsALA4 regulates cold tolerance by maintaining plasma membrane fluidity and cellular homeostasis.Physiological assessments showed that OsALA4 reduces malondialdehyde(MDA),electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and cell death under cold stress.Promoter activity assays indicated that stronger OsALA4 expression in Nipponbare(OsALA4Nip)correlated with enhanced cold tolerance.Further experiments demonstrated that SNP sites within the promoter regions(-1500 bp to-700 bp)of OsALA4Nipand OsALA49311influenced their activity.This study highlights Os ALA4 as a valuable genetic target for breeding cold tolerant rice.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(ZDYF2023XDNY086)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-87)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515012052 and 2023A1515012092)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project,China(2023A04J1452 and 2023A04J0749)the Double First-class Discipline Promotion Project,China(2021B10564001).
文摘Seed vigor is a crucial trait for the direct seeding of rice.Here we examined the genetic regulation of seed vigor traits in rice,including germination index(GI)and germination potential(GP),using a genome-wide association study approach.One major quantitative trait locus,qGI6/qGP6,was identified simultaneously for both GI and GP.The candidate gene encoding the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B(OsCOX5B)was validated for qGI6/qGP6.The disruption of OsCOX5B caused the vigor traits to be significantly lower in Oscox5b mutants than in the japonica Nipponbare wild type(WT).Gene co-expression analysis revealed that OsCOX5B influences seed vigor mainly by modulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle process.The glucose levels were significantly higher while the pyruvic acid and adenosine triphosphate levels were significantly lower in Oscox5b mutants than in WT during seed germination.The elite haplotype of OsCOX5B facilitates seed vigor by increasing its expression during seed germination.Thus,we propose that OsCOX5B is a potential target for the breeding of rice varieties with enhanced seed vigor for direct seeding.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(ZDYF2023XDNY086)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-87)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515012052,2023A1515012092)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou,China(2023A04J0749,2023A04J1452).
文摘Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germination was identified in a genome-wide association study.The candidate gene JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 5(OsJAZ5)of the QTL was verified that positively regulates seed germination.OsJAZ5 regulation of seed germination involves an OsABI3-mediated abscisic acid pathway.Overexpression of OsJAZ5 facilitated seed germination.The application of OsJAZ5 might be useful for increasing seed germination for rice direct seeding.
文摘Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is a high-quality rice variety derived from the hybrid breeding of Danxiang 12A and Xianghuixiangmiao R133.Its unique temperature-sensitive three-line characteristics endow it with significant advantages of high and stable yield,and its rice fragrance is exquisite and its taste is delicate.Danxiangyouzhenliang rice showed good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.On June 10,2021,Danxiangyouzhenliang rice passed the Guangxi Crop Variety Approval(Guishendao 2021074).Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is suitable to be planted as early and late rice in southern,central and northern Guangxi.This study summarized the breeding process and high-yielding seed production techniques of Danxiangyouzhenliang rice,in order to provide useful reference for rice breeders and growers.
基金supported by grants from the STI 2030-Major Projects,China(2022ZD040190101,2022ZD040190502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072130,32272162 and 31701437)+1 种基金the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-64)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,and the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-13)。
文摘The seed storage materials accumulate during seed development,and are essential for seed germination and seedling establishment.Here we employed two bi-parental populations of an F2:3 population developed from a cross of improved 220(I220,small seeds with low starch)and PH4CV(large seeds with high starch),as well as recombinant-inbred lines(RILs)of X178(high starch)and its improved introgression line I178(low starch),to identify the genes that control seed storage materials.We identified a total of 12 QTLs for starch,protein and oil,which explained 3.44-10.79%of the phenotypic variances.Among them,qSTA2-1 identified in F2:3 and qSTA2-2 identified in the RILs partially overlapped at an interval of 7.314-9.554 Mb,and they explained 3.44-10.21%of the starch content variation,so they were selected for further study.Fine mapping of qSTA2-2 with the backcrossed populations of ^(I220)/PH4CV in each generation narrowed it down to a 199.7 kb interval that contains 14 open reading frames(ORFs).Transcriptomic analysis of developing seeds from the near-isogenic lines(NILs)of ^(I220)/PH4CV(BC_(5)F_(2))showed that only 11 ORFs were expressed in 20 days after pollination(DAP)seeds.Five of them were upregulated and six of them were downregulated in NIL^(I220),and the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between NIL^(I220) and NIL^(PH4CV) were enriched in starch metabolism,hormone signal transduction and glycosaminoglycan degradation.Of the eleven NIL^(I220) differential expressed ORFs,ORF4(Zm00001d002260)and ORF5(Zm00001d002261)carry 75%protein sequence similarity,both encodes an glycolate oxidase,were the possible candidates of qSTA2-2.Further analysis and validation indicated that mutation of the qSTA2-2 locus resulted in the dysfunction of ABA accumulation,the embryo/endosperm ratio and the starch and hormone levels.
基金Supported by Major Project of Agricultural Biological Breeding(2023ZD0404205)Science and Technology Plan Project of Changsha City(kq2107016)。
文摘This study aimed to understand the growing development and physiological characteristics of seeds harvested different days after pollination and the seedlings emerged from the seeds of yellow-seeded Brassica napus L..Two yellow-seeded cultivars‘Hongyuan 558’and‘Qinyou 806’were selected in this study,and 50 seeds were collected 30,35,and 40 d after pollination,respectively.The seeds were weighed and placed on filter paper for hydroponic experiments.The seed germination rate was determined 3-5 d later.The physiological indicators including superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)activities and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured for the seeds harvested different days after pollination and the 7-day-seedlings emerged from the seeds.The results showed that the seed dry weights and germination rates of both‘Qinyou 806’and‘Hongyuan 558’increased as the days after pollination increased,especially 30-35 d after pollination.The germination rate and dry and fresh weights of the seeds showed no significant differences between the two cultivars,and almost all the seeds germinated 40 d after pollination.As the days after pollination increased,the SOD activities in the seeds of both cultivars first increased and then decreased,reaching their peaks 35 d after pollination,which may be related to encountering adverse stress.The POD activity in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’kept declining,and that of‘Hongyuan 558’first increased and then decreased,which may be related to the antioxidant mechanism and adaptive regulation.The CAT activities in the seeds of both cultivars first decreased and then increased.The MDA content in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’first decreased and then increased,while that of‘Hongyuan 558’kept reducing and was the highest in the seeds 30 d after pollination,which indicated‘Hongyuan 558’was mildly affected by the environment and had strong resistance.The activities of SOD and POD in the seedlings of two cultivars that were emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination became weakened,which may be related to their exposure to stress.The CAT activity in the seedlings of‘Hongyuan 558’was generally higher than that of‘Qinyou 806’,indicating that‘Hongyuan 558’had stronger stress resistance.The MDA content in the seedlings emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination showed a decreasing trend,indicating that the seedlings emerged from the seeds harvested at this stage had mild cell membrane damage and enhanced stress resistance.In conclusion,‘Hongyuan 558’had strong environmental adaptability and stress resistance.
基金Supported by Changsha Science and Technology Major Project(kh2201219)Special Project of the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(2023ZYC010)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.
基金the National Key Tech-nologies R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006BAD04A04-02)
文摘Evaluation of seed quality is the key to seed distributing and seeding of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, as an important species for pharmacy and soil conservation. Here, we study the effects of light and temperature on seed germination and mechanical and chemical scarification on breaking the seed coat. Seeds were collected in 2004, 2005, and 2006, placed in Petri dishes, and incubated at constant temperature 20, 25, and 30℃, and alternating temperature 15-25, 20-30, 15-30, and 20-35℃ under either an 8h photoperiod or total darkness for 28 consecutive days. Different methods were used to break the dormancy owing to hard seededness in this species such as chemical scarification by immersing in concentrated sulphuric acid for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 min, in 0.2% KNO3 solution to saturate the seedbed, and prechilling for 7 d at 7℃ and mechanical scarification by cutting. The results showed that alternating temperature at 20-30℃ with 8 h photoperiod and 16 h darkness was optimum for G. uralensis seed germinating in the laboratory. Hard seeds were broken by concentrated sulphuric acid soaking or mechanical scarification by cutting. Germination of seeds harvested in two different years was both promoted by immersing for 30-45 min in concentrated sulphuric acid. KNO3 solution was ineffective for reducing hard seeds. During seed germinating, the first count was on the 7th day and the last count was on the 14th day.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (Grant No.ZDKJ2021010),ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program,(Grant No.2018YFD1000800) Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.31660091),China。
文摘This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of the most important environmental factors that restrict plant growth and yield. Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable commercial crop, highly sensitive to CS. Thus, identifying an efficient strategy to mitigate cold damage is critical for long-term pepper production. For this purpose, the roots of pepper seedlings were pretreated with ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) and exposed to CS for 7 d. The results indicated that CS suppressed pepper growth, hampered photosynthetic capacity, and damaged root architecture in pepper plants. In contrast, the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), electrolyte leakage(EL), proline, and soluble sugars were enhanced in plants under CS. ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) pretreatment reduced the negative effects of CS by recovering plant growth, root traits, gas exchange elements, and pigment molecules compared to CS control treatment. Furthermore, ME application efficiently reduced oxidative stress markers [hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-)), EL, and MDA] while increasing proline and soluble sugar content in pepper leaves. ME application combined with CS further increased antioxidant enzymes and related gene expression. Collectively, our results confirmed the mitigating potential of ME supplementation for CS by maintaining pepper seedling growth,improving the photosynthesis apparatus, regulating pigments, and osmolyte content.
基金supported by funding from the Seed Industry Revitalization Plan of Guangdong Province,China(2022-NPY-00-007)the Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory,China(B21HJ0901 and B23C1000416)+5 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2020B020220008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971966and 31971965)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-04-PS09)the National Key Research and Development Projects,China(2018YFE0116900-06)Guangdong Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Promotion Project,China(2019KJ136-03)the Sanya Science and Technology Innovation Special Project,China(2022KJCX11)。
文摘Soybean is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil.The oil content and fatty acid ratio have attracted significant attention due to their impacts on the shelf-life of soybean oil products and consumer health.In this study,a high-density genetic map derived from Guizao 1 and Brazil 13 was used to analyze the quantitative trait loci of palmitic acid(PA),stearic acid(SA),oleic acid(OA),linoleic acid(LA),linolenic acid(LNA),and oil content(OC).A total of 54 stable QTLs were detected in the genetic map linkage analysis,which shared six bin intervals.Among them,the bin interval on chromosome 13(bin106-bin118 and bin123-bin125)was found to include stable QTLs in multiple environments that were linked to OA,LA,and LNA.Eight differentially expressed genes(DEGs)within these QTL intervals were determined as candidate genes according to the combination of parental resequencing,bioinformatics and RNA sequencing data.All these results are conducive to breeding soybean with the ideal fatty acid ratio for food,and provide the genetic basis for mining genes related to the fatty acid and oil content traits in soybean.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2022B0202060006)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515012052,2023A1515012092)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou(2023A04J0749,2023A04J1452)the Special Fund for Student Cultivation of Scientific and Technological Innovation of Guangdong Province(pdjh2021b0084)the Double First-Class Discipline Promotion Project of South China Agricultural University(2021B10564001).
文摘Poor seedling emergence is a challenge for direct seeding of rice under deep-sowing field conditions.Here we reveal that UDP-glucosyltransferase OsUGT75A promotes rice seedling emergence under deepsowing conditions by increasing shoot length.Expression of OsUGT75A was higher in the middle regions of the shoot and in shoots under deep-sowing conditions.Levels of free abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonates(JA)were higher in shoots of OsUGT75A mutants than in those of wild-type plants,and OsUGT75A mutants were more sensitive to ABA and JA treatments.Reduced shoot length was attributed to higher ABA INSENSITIVE 3(OsABI3)expression and lower JASMONATE-ZIM domain protein(OsJAZ)expression in shoots.Shoot extension by OsUGT75A is achieved mainly by promotion of cell elongation.An elite haplotype of OsUGT75A associated with increased shoot length was identified among indica rice accessions.OsUGT75A acts to increase seedling emergence under deep-sowing conditions.
文摘Wheat is a strategic crop for food security in Pakistan with predominance of smallholder farmers. Farmer-saved seed （FSS） is used nearly by 75% of farmers for wheat production. Frequent variety or seed replacement is uncommon even among large-scale farmers, and certified seed （CS） is mostly bought to verify the value of new varieties. Replacing old and obsolete varieties by new high yielding disease resistant varieties is key to transferring new genetic gains to farmers. For the first time in Pakistan, on-farm factorial experiments involving seven new and five old wheat varieties and their corresponding CS and FSS were conducted. A total of 49 farmers representing major wheat cropping patterns throughout the country participated in these trials in the 2014 and 2015 wheat growing seasons. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference between wheat varieties and between seed classes. New variety ＋ CS gave 33.8% more grain yield as well as higher marginal return over farmers＇ variety ＋ FSS. Grain yield and returns from new variety ＋ FSS and farmers＇ variety ＋ CS were at par. Scientific knowledge generated in this research demonstrated that use of CS ＆new wheat varieties is best option, while growing new varieties with FSS is a second choice for the advantages accruing from their built-in genetic traits of economic importance over growing CS of old and obsolete varieties. Having more flexible seed system will help accelerate the delivery of new genetic gains to farmers＇ fields.
基金financially supported by USDA, Washington for conducting this study under the project "Studies on Himalayan Pines" (1996-2006)
文摘We analyzed 17 seed sources （seed stands） ofPinus wallichiana for variations present in cone and seed characters, scattered over natural distribution in north-west Himalayan states （Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh） of India. The significant variations were observed in cone weight, cone length, cone width, seed length, seed width, seed weight, seed germination, radicle length, and plumule length among different seed sources of the species. Significant positive correlation between seed weight, cone weight and cone width showed that seed weight in the species depend more on the cone size. Seed germination was also positively correlated with seed weight, cone weight and radicle length in the study. The estimates of variability with regard to genetic parameters for seed weight, seed germination, cone length, cone width, cone weight showed wide range of variation in the study. Seed weight showed high heritability values coupled with maximum genetic gain. Traits with such values indicate presence of good amount of heritable additive components and are under strong genetic control. The findings of the study revealed that seed sources expressed both phenotypic and genotypic differences in the seed and cone traits which might be due to the differences in genetic make up of various seed sources and environmental factors i,e. genotypic and environmental interaction, The study suggests that the seed weight should be given the top priority for the further improvement of this species.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201203052)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.KYZ201402 and KYZ201202-9)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31271806)
文摘Pre-harvest desiccation may increase the efficiency of seed production. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of diquat, paraquat, and ethephon applications on grain moisture, grain weight, and seed ger- mination of hybrid rice Yanliangyou 88 （Oryza sativa ssp. indica） and conventional rice Wuyunjing 7 （Oryza sativa ssp. japonica）. In 2013, we tested 12 treatments applied at four weeks （Yanliangyou 88） and six weeks （Wuyunjing 7） after heading. Results showed that reductions in moisture content were significant two and four days after chemical ap- plication. Chemical applications had no adverse effects on lO00-grain weight, germination percentage, or germination index, but there were negative effects on the percentage of normal seedlings. Desiccation effects increased with increase in the period after application, while the effect of ethephon combined with diquat or paraquat on desiccation was limited compared with that of diquat or paraquat alone in a short period after application. In 2013, chemical ap- plications reduced the moisture content by from 0.5% to 6.4%, the germination percentage by from 0% to 3.3%, and the percentage of normal seedlings by from 13.3% to 100.0%. Among the treatments, diquat applied at 120 g/ha resulted in effective desiccation with fewer negative effects on grain weight and seed germination in 2013 and 2014. Therefore, diquat may have potential as a pre-harvest chemical desiccation treatment for rice. These results may provide a basis for developing and implementing protocols for large scale field trials.
