Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has emerged as an established standard of care for patients with severe aortic stenosis(AS),irrespective of their surgical risk.However,despite the continuous advancements o...Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has emerged as an established standard of care for patients with severe aortic stenosis(AS),irrespective of their surgical risk.However,despite the continuous advancements over last two decades,there are still significant challenges in field in terms of appropriate selection of patients as well as the valves.While there is no doubt that TAVR has now become the leading mode of treatment for severe AS patients,surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR)still holds its value for the selective group of patients who are not ideal candidate for the minimally invasive procedure:TAVR.The dilemma is palpable in the clinical field that warrants best approach focusing on the lifetime management of these patients.In the recent metanalysis by Moradi et al,the authors provide a comprehensive insight into TAVR vs SAVR in terms of mortality,procedural complications,and post-procedure adverse events.In this editorial,we shed light on comparative analysis of both modalities to establish a middle ground.展开更多
In this study,we employed a combination of genome mining and heteronuclear single quantum coherence(HSQC)-based small molecule accurate recognition technology(SMART)technology to search for fernane-type triterpenoids....In this study,we employed a combination of genome mining and heteronuclear single quantum coherence(HSQC)-based small molecule accurate recognition technology(SMART)technology to search for fernane-type triterpenoids.Initially,potential endophytic fungi were identified through genome mining.Subsequently,fine fractions containing various fernane-type triterpenoids were selected using HSQC data collection and SMART prediction.These triterpenoids were then obtained through targeted isolation and identification.Finally,their antifungal activity was evaluated.As a result,three fernane-type triterpenoids,including two novel compounds,along with two new sesquiterpenes and four known compounds were isolated from one potential strain,Diaporthe discoidispora.Their structures were elucidated through analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopic data.The absolute configurations were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electron capture detector(ECD)analysis.Compound 3 exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans CMCC 98001 and Aspergillus niger.展开更多
Objective:The present study investigated the cytoprotective effects of a Pogonatherum paniceum extract prepared with 80%ethanol(PPE)using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared(SR-FTIR)microspectroscop...Objective:The present study investigated the cytoprotective effects of a Pogonatherum paniceum extract prepared with 80%ethanol(PPE)using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared(SR-FTIR)microspectroscopy and determined its phytochemical profile.Methods:The volatile and polyphenolic compounds in PPE were characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry,respectively.The antioxidant capacity of PPE was evaluated using chemical and cell-based assays.The SR-FTIR microspectroscopy was performed to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of PPE by identifying changes in macromolecule composition in tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t BuOOH)-induced oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells.Results:A total of 48 volatile compounds and 28 polyphenol components were found in PPE.PPE exhibited a high potential for antioxidant activity by scavenging the intracellular reactive oxygen species in t Bu OOH-induced oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells.PPE treatment also significantly protected RAW264.7 cells against t BuOOH-induced toxicity and restored cell viability.The SR-FTIR analysis revealed that t BuOOH increased the lipid and ester lipid content in RAW264.7 cells.The PPE exerted a cytoprotective effect by decreasing the levels of lipid and ester lipid compounds that had been elevated by t BuOOH in RAW264.7 cells.These findings indicate that PPE has cytoprotective potential due to its ability to inhibit endogenous reactive oxygen species.Conclusion:This study extends the current knowledge on the phytochemistry of PPE and its antioxidant and cytoprotective effects.These findings support the use of SR-FTIR microspectroscopy to determine the cytoprotective effects of natural products.PPE extract may be a candidate compound for new therapeutics and nutraceuticals that target the prevention of oxidative stress-associated diseases.展开更多
Objective: Adolescent reproduction health (ARH) differs greatly based on religions, religious norms, culture, and ethnicities in the Indonesian context. The value of local wisdom was considered too binding, traditiona...Objective: Adolescent reproduction health (ARH) differs greatly based on religions, religious norms, culture, and ethnicities in the Indonesian context. The value of local wisdom was considered too binding, traditional, and outdated, particularly on ARH in agricultural areas. The purpose of the study was to identify the problems, challenges, and needs, specifically for ARH, in the agricultural area of Indonesia. Methods: A qualitative study was performed among 41 communities, including 28 village officials (VOs), 9 community health volunteers (CHVs), and 9 adolescents. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and FGD. An thematic analysis was used to describe the phenomena. Results: This research obtained results regarding ARH in terms of communication patterns, daily behavior, reproductive practices, and hygiene of adolescent reproductive organs, especially in agricultural areas. Conclusions: The differences in the perspective of ARH are influenced by environment, parental roles, religion, ethnicity, and knowledge.展开更多
Lack of conclusive beneficial effects of strict glycemic control on macrovascular complications has been very frustrating for clinicians involved in care of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Highly publicized contro...Lack of conclusive beneficial effects of strict glycemic control on macrovascular complications has been very frustrating for clinicians involved in care of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Highly publicized controversy surrounding cardiovascular(CV)safety of rosiglitazone resulted in major changes in United States Food and Drug Administration policy in 2008 regarding approval process of new antidiabetic medications,which has resulted in revolutionary data from several large CV outcome trials over the last few years.All drugs in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1 RA)and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT-2)inhibitor classes have shown to be CV safe with heterogeneous results on CV efficacy.Given twofold higher CV disease mortality in patients with DM than without DM,GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2-inhibitors are important additions to clinician’s armamentarium and should be second line-therapy particularly in patients with T2DM and established atherosclerotic CV disease or high risks for CV disease.Abundance of data and heterogeneity in CV outcome trials results can make it difficult for clinicians,particularly primary care physicians,to stay updated with all the recent evidence.The scope of this comprehensive review will focus on all major CV outcome studies evaluating CV safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors.展开更多
Using a reanalysis dataset and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) models, this study investigated the southern and northern modes of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) and their respective relations...Using a reanalysis dataset and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) models, this study investigated the southern and northern modes of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) and their respective relationships with the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO). The EAWM northern mode(EAWM_N) exhibited a consistent and strong connection with the mid-and high-latitude atmospheric circulation during 1979–2013, resembling the Eurasian teleconnection pattern. The positive phase of this pattern enhanced the sea-land pressure gradient across the mid-latitude East Asia and strengthened northerly winds flowing from high latitudes to South China, resulting in a strong EAWM_N. The relationship between the EAWM_N and ENSO shifted from insignificant to significant in the late 1990s, coinciding with a westward transition of the Walker circulation. In contrast, the EAWM southern mode(EAWM_S) was closely associated with an anomalous cyclone over the Philippine Sea and exhibited a stable, robust inverse correlation with ENSO.Projections from 12 CMIP6 models indicated that the unstable negative correlation of EAWM_N with ENSO would intensify, while the robust linkage between EAWM_S and ENSO was expected to persist under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Additionally, increased future variability in the Ni?o 3.4 index, driven by external forcing, corresponded well to enhanced variability of EAWM_S. These findings underscore the necessity for further research into the distinct behaviors of the northern and southern EAWM modes under the background of ongoing climate warming.展开更多
Background Eccentric training,such as Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training,is commonly used as a preventive measure for hamstring strains.Eccentric training is believed to induce lengthening of muscle fascicles and ...Background Eccentric training,such as Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training,is commonly used as a preventive measure for hamstring strains.Eccentric training is believed to induce lengthening of muscle fascicles and to be associated with the addition of sarcomeres in series within muscle fibers.However,the difficulty in measuring sarcomere adaptation in human muscles has severely limited information about the precise mechanisms of adaptation.This study addressed this limitation by measuring the multiscale hamstring muscle adaptations in response to 9 weeks of NHE training and 3 weeks of detraining.Methods Twelve participants completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training,followed by a 3-week detraining period.We assessed biceps femoris long-head(BFlh)muscle fascicle length,sarcomere length,and serial sarcomere number in the central and distal regions of the muscle.Additionally,we measured muscle volume and eccentric strength at baseline,post-training,and post-detraining.Results NHE training over 9 weeks induced significant architectural and strength adaptations in the BFlh muscle.Fascicle length increased by 19%in the central muscle region and 33%in the distal muscle region.NHE also induced increases in serial sarcomere number(25%in the central region and 49%in the distal region).BFlh muscle volume increased by 8%,and knee flexion strength increased by 40%with training.Following 3 weeks of detraining,fascicle length decreased by 12%in the central region and 16%in the distal region along with reductions in serial sarcomere number.Conclusion Nine weeks of NHE training produced substantial,region-specific increases in BFlh muscle fascicle length,muscle volume,and force generation.The direct measurement of sarcomere lengths revealed that the increased fascicle length was accompanied by the addition of sarcomeres in series within the muscle fascicles.展开更多
We describe a multiphoton(mP)-structured illumination microscopy(SIM)technique,which demonstrates substantial improvement in image resolution compared with linear SIM due to the nonlinear response of fluorescence.This...We describe a multiphoton(mP)-structured illumination microscopy(SIM)technique,which demonstrates substantial improvement in image resolution compared with linear SIM due to the nonlinear response of fluorescence.This nonlinear response is caused by the effect of nonsinusoidal structured illumination created by scanning a sinusoidally modulated illumination to excite an mP fluorescence signal.The harmonics of the structured fluorescence illumination are utilised to improve resolution.We present an mP-SIM theory for reconstructing the super-resolution image of the system.Theoretically,the resolution of our m P-SIM is unlimited if all the high-order harmonics of the nonlinear response of fluorescence are considered.Experimentally,we demonstrate an 86 nm lateral resolution for two-photon(2P)-SIM and a 72 nm lateral resolution for second-harmonic-generation(SHG)-SIM.We further demonstrate their application by imaging cells stained with F-actin and collagen fibres in mouse-tail tendon.Our method can be directly used in commercial mP microscopes and requires no specific fluorophores or high-intensity laser.展开更多
Climate change is an essential topic in climate science,and the accessibility of accurate,high-resolution datasets in recent years has facilitated the extraction of more insights from big-data resources.Nonetheless,cu...Climate change is an essential topic in climate science,and the accessibility of accurate,high-resolution datasets in recent years has facilitated the extraction of more insights from big-data resources.Nonetheless,current research predominantly focuses on mean-value changes and largely overlooks changes in the probability distribution.In this study,a novel method called Wasserstein Stability Analysis(WSA)is developed to identify probability density function(PDF)changes,especially the extreme event shift and nonlinear physical value constraint variation in climate change.WSA is applied to the early 21st century and compared with traditional mean-value trend analysis.The results indicate that despite no significant trend,the equatorial eastern Pacific experienced a decline in hot extremes and an increase in cold extremes,indicating a La Nina-like temperature shift.Further analysis at two Arctic locations suggests sea ice severely restricts the hot extremes of surface air temperature.This impact is diminishing as the sea ice melts.By revealing PDF shifts,WSA emerges as a powerful tool to re-examine climate change dynamics,providing enhanced data-driven insights for understanding climate evolution.展开更多
BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)has a multitude of complications including intestinal strictures from fibrostenotic disease.Fibrostenotic disease has been reported in 10%-17%of children at presentation and leads to sur...BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)has a multitude of complications including intestinal strictures from fibrostenotic disease.Fibrostenotic disease has been reported in 10%-17%of children at presentation and leads to surgery in 20%-50%of cases within ten years of diagnosis.When symptoms develop from these strictures,the treatment in children has primarily been surgical resection.Endoscopic balloon dilation(EBD)has been shown to be a safe and efficacious alternative to surgery in adults,but evidence is poor in the literature regarding its safety and efficacy in children.AIM To evaluate the outcomes of children with fibrostenosing CD who underwent EBD vs surgery as a treatment.METHODS In a single-center retrospective study,we looked at pediatric patients(ages 0-18)who carry the diagnosis of CD,who were diagnosed after opening a dedicated Inflammatory Bowel Disease clinic on July 1,2012 through May 1,2019.We used diagnostic codes through our electronic medical record to identify patients with CD with a stricturing phenotype.The type of intervention for patients’strictures was then identified through procedural and surgical billing codes.We evaluated their demographics,clinical variables,whether they underwent EBD vs surgery or both,and their clinical outcomes.RESULTS Of the 139 patients with CD,25(18%)developed strictures.The initial intervention for a stricture was surgical resection in 12 patients(48%)and EBD in 13 patients(52%).However,4(33%)patients whom initially had surgical resection required follow up EBD,and thus 17 total patients(68%)underwent EBD at some point in their treatment process.For those 8 patients who underwent successful surgical resection alone,4 of these patients(50%)had a fistula present near the stricture site and 4(50%)had strictures greater than 5 cm in length.All patients who underwent EBD had no procedural complications,such as a perforation.Twenty-two(88%)of the treated strictures were successfully managed by EBD and did not require any further surgical intervention during our follow up period.CONCLUSION EBD is safe and efficacious as an alternative to surgery for palliative management of strictures in selected pediatric patients with CD.展开更多
Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural an...Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural and microstructural adaptations of the biceps femoris short head(BFsh),biceps femoris long head(BFlh),semitendinosus(ST),and semimembranosus(SM)in response to an NHE intervention.Methods Eleven subjects completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training followed by 3 weeks of detraining.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at pre-training,post-training,and detraining to assess architectural(volume,fiber tract length,and fiber tract angle)and microstructural(axial(AD),mean(MD),radial(RD)diffusivities,and fractional anisotropy(FA))parameters of the 4 hamstrings.Results NHE training induced significant but non-uniform hamstring muscle hypertrophy(BFsh:22%,BFlh:9%,ST:26%,SM:6%)and fiber tract length increase(BFsh:11%,BFlh:7%,ST:18%,SM:10%).AD(5%),MD(4%),and RD(5%)showed significant increases,but fiber tract angle and FA remained unchanged.After detraining,only ST showed a significant reduction(8%)in volume,which remained higher than the pre-training value.While fiber tract lengths returned to baseline,AD,MD,and RD remained higher than pre-training levels for all hamstrings.Conclusion The 9-week NHE training substantially increased hamstring muscle volume with greater hypertrophy in ST and BFsh.Hypertrophy was accompanied by increases in fiber tract lengths and cross-sections(increased RD).After 3 weeks of detraining,fiber tract length gains across all hamstrings declined,emphasizing the importance of sustained training to maintain all the protective adaptations.展开更多
【背景】海洋来源真菌次级代谢产物由于具有化学结构新颖和生物活性多样的特点,是药物发现新的源泉之一。【目的】研究Parengyodontium album SCSIO 40430次级代谢产物及其抑菌活性。【方法】利用常压柱色谱、半制备HPLC等色谱学方法对P...【背景】海洋来源真菌次级代谢产物由于具有化学结构新颖和生物活性多样的特点,是药物发现新的源泉之一。【目的】研究Parengyodontium album SCSIO 40430次级代谢产物及其抑菌活性。【方法】利用常压柱色谱、半制备HPLC等色谱学方法对P.albumSCSIO40430发酵液粗提物进行分离纯化;通过HR-ESI-MS、1H、13CNMR等光谱学方法,并结合文献数据,确定其产生的化合物结构;对分离得到的化合物进行抑菌活性测试。【结果】分离到3个苯并二氢吡喃酮类化合物,结构确定为Deoxyphomalone(1)、2-Ethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-11-methylchroman-9-one (2)、2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-11-methylchroman-9-one (3)。【结论】获得3个苯并二氢吡喃酮类化合物;活性测定结果显示化合物2对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSAATCC43300)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensisSCSIOBT01)有较好的生长抑制活性(MIC 16μg/mL)。展开更多
The differences in the influences of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the air–sea CO2 fluxes (fCO2) in the North Atlantic (NA) between different seasons and between different regions are rarely fully investiga...The differences in the influences of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the air–sea CO2 fluxes (fCO2) in the North Atlantic (NA) between different seasons and between different regions are rarely fully investigated. We used observation-based data of fCO2, surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2sea), wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) to analyze the relationship between the NAO and fCO2 of the subtropical and subpolar NA in winter and summer on the interannual time scale. Based on power spectrum estimation, there are significant interannual signs with a 2–6 year cycle in the NAO indexes and area-averaged fCO2 anomalies in winter and summer from 1980 to 2015. Regression analysis with the 2–6 year filtered data shows that on the interannual scale the response of the fCO2 anomalies to the NAO has an obvious meridional wave-train-like pattern in winter, but a zonal distribution in summer. This seasonal difference is because in winter the fCO2 anomalies are mainly controlled by the NAO-driven wind speed anomalies, which have a meridional distribution pattern, while in summer they are dominated by the NAO-driven SST anomalies, which show distinct zonal difference in the subtropical NA. In addition, in the same season, there are different factors controlling the variation of pCO2sea in different regions. In summer, SST is important to the interannual variation of pCO2sea in the subtropical NA, while some biogeochemical variables probably control the pCO2sea variation in the subpolar NA.展开更多
Spinal cord injuries affect nearly five to ten individuals per million every year. Spinal cord injury causes damage to the nerves, muscles, and the tissue surrounding the spinal cord. Depending on the severity, spinal...Spinal cord injuries affect nearly five to ten individuals per million every year. Spinal cord injury causes damage to the nerves, muscles, and the tissue surrounding the spinal cord. Depending on the severity, spinal injuries are linked to degeneration of axons and myelin, resulting in neuronal impairment and skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. The protection of neurons and promotion of myelin regeneration during spinal cord injury is important for recovery of function following spinal cord injury. Current treatments have little to no effect on spinal cord injury and neurogenic muscle loss. Clemastine, an Food and Drug Administration-approved antihistamine drug, reduces inflammation, protects cells, promotes remyelination, and preserves myelin integrity. Recent clinical evidence suggests that clemastine can decrease the loss of axons after spinal cord injury, stimulating the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature oligodendrocytes that are capable of myelination. While clemastine can aid not only in the remyelination and preservation of myelin sheath integrity, it also protects neurons. However, its role in neurogenic muscle loss remains unclear. This review discusses the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, and the role of clemastine in the protection of neurons, myelin, and axons as well as attenuation of skeletal muscle loss following spinal cord injury.展开更多
Blood vessels either form de novo through the process of vasculogenesis or through angiogenesis that involves the sprouting and proliferation of endothelial cells in pre-existing blood vessels. A complex interactive n...Blood vessels either form de novo through the process of vasculogenesis or through angiogenesis that involves the sprouting and proliferation of endothelial cells in pre-existing blood vessels. A complex interactive network of signaling cascades downstream from at least three of the nine known G-protein-coupled sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors act as a prime effector of neovascularization that occurs in embryonic development and in association with various pathologies. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the roles of S1P signaling in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, with particular emphasis on vascular cell adhesion and motility responses.展开更多
The human gut is colonized by a community of microbiota,primarily bacteria,that exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host.Intestinal microbiota-host interactions play a critical role in the regulation of human p...The human gut is colonized by a community of microbiota,primarily bacteria,that exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host.Intestinal microbiota-host interactions play a critical role in the regulation of human physiology.Deleterious changes to the composition of gut microbiota,referred to as gut dysbiosis,has been linked to the development and progression of numerous diseases,including cardiovascular disease(CVD).Imbalances in host-microbial interaction impair homeostatic mechanisms that regulate health and can activate multiple pathways leading to CVD risk factor progression.Most CVD risk factors,including aging,obesity,dietary patterns,and a sedentary lifestyle,have been shown to induce gut dysbiosis.Dysbiosis is associated with intestinal inflammation and reduced integrity of the gut barrier,which in turn increases circulating levels of bacterial structural components and microbial metabolites,including trimethylamine-N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids,that may facilitate the development of CVD.This article reviews the normal function and composition of the gut microbiome,mechanisms leading to the leaky gut syndrome,its mechanistic link to CVD and potential novel therapeutic approaches aimed towards restoring gut microbiome and CVD prevention.As CVD is the leading cause of deaths globally,investigating the gut microbiota as a locus of intervention presents a novel and clinically relevant avenue for future research.展开更多
Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is an essential super-resolution microscopy technique that enhances resolution.Several images are required to reconstruct a super-resolution image.However,linear SIM resolution e...Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is an essential super-resolution microscopy technique that enhances resolution.Several images are required to reconstruct a super-resolution image.However,linear SIM resolution enhancement can only increase the spatial resolution of micros-copy by a factor of two at most because the frequency of the structured illumination pattern is limited by the cutoff frequency of the excitation point spread function.The frequency of the pattern generated by the nonlinear response in samples is not limited;therefore,nonlinear SIM(NL-SIM),in theory,has no inherent limit to the resolution.In the present study,we describe a two-photon nonlinear SIM(2P-SIM)technique using a multiple harmonics scanning pattern that employs a composite structured illumination pattern,which can produce a higher order harmonic pattern based on the fluorescence nonlinear response in a 2P process.The theoretical models of super-resolution imaging were established through our simulation,which describes the working mechanism of the multi-frequency structure of the nonsinusoidal function to improve the reso-lution.The simulation results predict that a 5-fold improvement in resolution in the 2P-SIM is possible.展开更多
Let H be a Schroedinger operator on R^n. Under a polynomial decay condition for the kernel of its spectral operator, we show that the Besov spaces and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated with H are well defined. We fur...Let H be a Schroedinger operator on R^n. Under a polynomial decay condition for the kernel of its spectral operator, we show that the Besov spaces and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated with H are well defined. We further give a Littlewood-Paley characterization of Lp spaces in terms of dyadic functions of H. This generalizes and strengthens the previous result when the heat kernel of H satisfies certain upper Gaussian bound.展开更多
Two nonlinear control techniques are proposed for an atomic force microscopesystem. Initially, a learning-based control algorithm is developed for the microcantilever-samplesystem that achieves asymptotic cantilever t...Two nonlinear control techniques are proposed for an atomic force microscopesystem. Initially, a learning-based control algorithm is developed for the microcantilever-samplesystem that achieves asymptotic cantilever tip tracking for periodic trajectories. Specifically, thecontrol approach utilizes a learning-based feedforward term to compensate for periodic dynamics andhigh-gain terms to account for non-periodic dynamics. An adaptive control algorithm is thendeveloped to achieve asymptotic cantilever tip tracking for bounded tip trajectories despiteuncertainty throughout the system parameters. Simulation results are provided to illustrate theefficacy and performance of the control strategies.展开更多
While Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) represents 95% of the world production,its genetic improvement is hindered by the shortage of effective genomic tools and resources.The
文摘Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has emerged as an established standard of care for patients with severe aortic stenosis(AS),irrespective of their surgical risk.However,despite the continuous advancements over last two decades,there are still significant challenges in field in terms of appropriate selection of patients as well as the valves.While there is no doubt that TAVR has now become the leading mode of treatment for severe AS patients,surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR)still holds its value for the selective group of patients who are not ideal candidate for the minimally invasive procedure:TAVR.The dilemma is palpable in the clinical field that warrants best approach focusing on the lifetime management of these patients.In the recent metanalysis by Moradi et al,the authors provide a comprehensive insight into TAVR vs SAVR in terms of mortality,procedural complications,and post-procedure adverse events.In this editorial,we shed light on comparative analysis of both modalities to establish a middle ground.
基金supported by the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.YQ2021H009).
文摘In this study,we employed a combination of genome mining and heteronuclear single quantum coherence(HSQC)-based small molecule accurate recognition technology(SMART)technology to search for fernane-type triterpenoids.Initially,potential endophytic fungi were identified through genome mining.Subsequently,fine fractions containing various fernane-type triterpenoids were selected using HSQC data collection and SMART prediction.These triterpenoids were then obtained through targeted isolation and identification.Finally,their antifungal activity was evaluated.As a result,three fernane-type triterpenoids,including two novel compounds,along with two new sesquiterpenes and four known compounds were isolated from one potential strain,Diaporthe discoidispora.Their structures were elucidated through analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopic data.The absolute configurations were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electron capture detector(ECD)analysis.Compound 3 exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans CMCC 98001 and Aspergillus niger.
基金supported by the Basic Research Fund from Thailand Science Research and Innovation through Sisaket Rajabhat University(grant number:FF.13/2564)。
文摘Objective:The present study investigated the cytoprotective effects of a Pogonatherum paniceum extract prepared with 80%ethanol(PPE)using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared(SR-FTIR)microspectroscopy and determined its phytochemical profile.Methods:The volatile and polyphenolic compounds in PPE were characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry,respectively.The antioxidant capacity of PPE was evaluated using chemical and cell-based assays.The SR-FTIR microspectroscopy was performed to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of PPE by identifying changes in macromolecule composition in tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t BuOOH)-induced oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells.Results:A total of 48 volatile compounds and 28 polyphenol components were found in PPE.PPE exhibited a high potential for antioxidant activity by scavenging the intracellular reactive oxygen species in t Bu OOH-induced oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells.PPE treatment also significantly protected RAW264.7 cells against t BuOOH-induced toxicity and restored cell viability.The SR-FTIR analysis revealed that t BuOOH increased the lipid and ester lipid content in RAW264.7 cells.The PPE exerted a cytoprotective effect by decreasing the levels of lipid and ester lipid compounds that had been elevated by t BuOOH in RAW264.7 cells.These findings indicate that PPE has cytoprotective potential due to its ability to inhibit endogenous reactive oxygen species.Conclusion:This study extends the current knowledge on the phytochemistry of PPE and its antioxidant and cytoprotective effects.These findings support the use of SR-FTIR microspectroscopy to determine the cytoprotective effects of natural products.PPE extract may be a candidate compound for new therapeutics and nutraceuticals that target the prevention of oxidative stress-associated diseases.
基金supported by Kementerian RisetTeknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi (Ministry of Research,Technology&Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) for funding International Collaboration Hibah Kerjasama International LP2M Universitas Jember 2021
文摘Objective: Adolescent reproduction health (ARH) differs greatly based on religions, religious norms, culture, and ethnicities in the Indonesian context. The value of local wisdom was considered too binding, traditional, and outdated, particularly on ARH in agricultural areas. The purpose of the study was to identify the problems, challenges, and needs, specifically for ARH, in the agricultural area of Indonesia. Methods: A qualitative study was performed among 41 communities, including 28 village officials (VOs), 9 community health volunteers (CHVs), and 9 adolescents. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and FGD. An thematic analysis was used to describe the phenomena. Results: This research obtained results regarding ARH in terms of communication patterns, daily behavior, reproductive practices, and hygiene of adolescent reproductive organs, especially in agricultural areas. Conclusions: The differences in the perspective of ARH are influenced by environment, parental roles, religion, ethnicity, and knowledge.
文摘Lack of conclusive beneficial effects of strict glycemic control on macrovascular complications has been very frustrating for clinicians involved in care of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Highly publicized controversy surrounding cardiovascular(CV)safety of rosiglitazone resulted in major changes in United States Food and Drug Administration policy in 2008 regarding approval process of new antidiabetic medications,which has resulted in revolutionary data from several large CV outcome trials over the last few years.All drugs in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1 RA)and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT-2)inhibitor classes have shown to be CV safe with heterogeneous results on CV efficacy.Given twofold higher CV disease mortality in patients with DM than without DM,GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2-inhibitors are important additions to clinician’s armamentarium and should be second line-therapy particularly in patients with T2DM and established atherosclerotic CV disease or high risks for CV disease.Abundance of data and heterogeneity in CV outcome trials results can make it difficult for clinicians,particularly primary care physicians,to stay updated with all the recent evidence.The scope of this comprehensive review will focus on all major CV outcome studies evaluating CV safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors.
基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030004)。
文摘Using a reanalysis dataset and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) models, this study investigated the southern and northern modes of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) and their respective relationships with the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO). The EAWM northern mode(EAWM_N) exhibited a consistent and strong connection with the mid-and high-latitude atmospheric circulation during 1979–2013, resembling the Eurasian teleconnection pattern. The positive phase of this pattern enhanced the sea-land pressure gradient across the mid-latitude East Asia and strengthened northerly winds flowing from high latitudes to South China, resulting in a strong EAWM_N. The relationship between the EAWM_N and ENSO shifted from insignificant to significant in the late 1990s, coinciding with a westward transition of the Walker circulation. In contrast, the EAWM southern mode(EAWM_S) was closely associated with an anomalous cyclone over the Philippine Sea and exhibited a stable, robust inverse correlation with ENSO.Projections from 12 CMIP6 models indicated that the unstable negative correlation of EAWM_N with ENSO would intensify, while the robust linkage between EAWM_S and ENSO was expected to persist under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Additionally, increased future variability in the Ni?o 3.4 index, driven by external forcing, corresponded well to enhanced variability of EAWM_S. These findings underscore the necessity for further research into the distinct behaviors of the northern and southern EAWM modes under the background of ongoing climate warming.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project(DP200101476)in part by National Institute of Health grants(R01 AR077604,RO1 EB002524,RO1 AR079431,and P41 EB02706)+1 种基金Stanford Graduate Fellowship,The University of Queensland Graduate Scholarship,National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Fellowship(#1194937)by Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance at Stanford University and the Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation。
文摘Background Eccentric training,such as Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training,is commonly used as a preventive measure for hamstring strains.Eccentric training is believed to induce lengthening of muscle fascicles and to be associated with the addition of sarcomeres in series within muscle fibers.However,the difficulty in measuring sarcomere adaptation in human muscles has severely limited information about the precise mechanisms of adaptation.This study addressed this limitation by measuring the multiscale hamstring muscle adaptations in response to 9 weeks of NHE training and 3 weeks of detraining.Methods Twelve participants completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training,followed by a 3-week detraining period.We assessed biceps femoris long-head(BFlh)muscle fascicle length,sarcomere length,and serial sarcomere number in the central and distal regions of the muscle.Additionally,we measured muscle volume and eccentric strength at baseline,post-training,and post-detraining.Results NHE training over 9 weeks induced significant architectural and strength adaptations in the BFlh muscle.Fascicle length increased by 19%in the central muscle region and 33%in the distal muscle region.NHE also induced increases in serial sarcomere number(25%in the central region and 49%in the distal region).BFlh muscle volume increased by 8%,and knee flexion strength increased by 40%with training.Following 3 weeks of detraining,fascicle length decreased by 12%in the central region and 16%in the distal region along with reductions in serial sarcomere number.Conclusion Nine weeks of NHE training produced substantial,region-specific increases in BFlh muscle fascicle length,muscle volume,and force generation.The direct measurement of sarcomere lengths revealed that the increased fascicle length was accompanied by the addition of sarcomeres in series within the muscle fascicles.
基金supported by the Project from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0403804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61775148 and61527827)the Shenzhen Science and Technology R&D and Innovation Foundation(JCYJ20180305124754860 and JCYJ20200109105608771)。
文摘We describe a multiphoton(mP)-structured illumination microscopy(SIM)technique,which demonstrates substantial improvement in image resolution compared with linear SIM due to the nonlinear response of fluorescence.This nonlinear response is caused by the effect of nonsinusoidal structured illumination created by scanning a sinusoidally modulated illumination to excite an mP fluorescence signal.The harmonics of the structured fluorescence illumination are utilised to improve resolution.We present an mP-SIM theory for reconstructing the super-resolution image of the system.Theoretically,the resolution of our m P-SIM is unlimited if all the high-order harmonics of the nonlinear response of fluorescence are considered.Experimentally,we demonstrate an 86 nm lateral resolution for two-photon(2P)-SIM and a 72 nm lateral resolution for second-harmonic-generation(SHG)-SIM.We further demonstrate their application by imaging cells stained with F-actin and collagen fibres in mouse-tail tendon.Our method can be directly used in commercial mP microscopes and requires no specific fluorophores or high-intensity laser.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC3000904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42005039)the Science and Technology Development Fund of CAMS(Grant No.2024KJ013)。
文摘Climate change is an essential topic in climate science,and the accessibility of accurate,high-resolution datasets in recent years has facilitated the extraction of more insights from big-data resources.Nonetheless,current research predominantly focuses on mean-value changes and largely overlooks changes in the probability distribution.In this study,a novel method called Wasserstein Stability Analysis(WSA)is developed to identify probability density function(PDF)changes,especially the extreme event shift and nonlinear physical value constraint variation in climate change.WSA is applied to the early 21st century and compared with traditional mean-value trend analysis.The results indicate that despite no significant trend,the equatorial eastern Pacific experienced a decline in hot extremes and an increase in cold extremes,indicating a La Nina-like temperature shift.Further analysis at two Arctic locations suggests sea ice severely restricts the hot extremes of surface air temperature.This impact is diminishing as the sea ice melts.By revealing PDF shifts,WSA emerges as a powerful tool to re-examine climate change dynamics,providing enhanced data-driven insights for understanding climate evolution.
文摘BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)has a multitude of complications including intestinal strictures from fibrostenotic disease.Fibrostenotic disease has been reported in 10%-17%of children at presentation and leads to surgery in 20%-50%of cases within ten years of diagnosis.When symptoms develop from these strictures,the treatment in children has primarily been surgical resection.Endoscopic balloon dilation(EBD)has been shown to be a safe and efficacious alternative to surgery in adults,but evidence is poor in the literature regarding its safety and efficacy in children.AIM To evaluate the outcomes of children with fibrostenosing CD who underwent EBD vs surgery as a treatment.METHODS In a single-center retrospective study,we looked at pediatric patients(ages 0-18)who carry the diagnosis of CD,who were diagnosed after opening a dedicated Inflammatory Bowel Disease clinic on July 1,2012 through May 1,2019.We used diagnostic codes through our electronic medical record to identify patients with CD with a stricturing phenotype.The type of intervention for patients’strictures was then identified through procedural and surgical billing codes.We evaluated their demographics,clinical variables,whether they underwent EBD vs surgery or both,and their clinical outcomes.RESULTS Of the 139 patients with CD,25(18%)developed strictures.The initial intervention for a stricture was surgical resection in 12 patients(48%)and EBD in 13 patients(52%).However,4(33%)patients whom initially had surgical resection required follow up EBD,and thus 17 total patients(68%)underwent EBD at some point in their treatment process.For those 8 patients who underwent successful surgical resection alone,4 of these patients(50%)had a fistula present near the stricture site and 4(50%)had strictures greater than 5 cm in length.All patients who underwent EBD had no procedural complications,such as a perforation.Twenty-two(88%)of the treated strictures were successfully managed by EBD and did not require any further surgical intervention during our follow up period.CONCLUSION EBD is safe and efficacious as an alternative to surgery for palliative management of strictures in selected pediatric patients with CD.
基金financial support from the general electric (GE) healthcareAustralian Research Council Discovery Project (DP200101476)+5 种基金in parts by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants (R01 AR077604, R01 EB002524, R01 AR079431, P41 EB02706)Stanford Graduate FellowshipThe University of Queensland Graduate ScholarshipNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Fellowship (#1194937)Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance at Stanford Universitythe Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation
文摘Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural and microstructural adaptations of the biceps femoris short head(BFsh),biceps femoris long head(BFlh),semitendinosus(ST),and semimembranosus(SM)in response to an NHE intervention.Methods Eleven subjects completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training followed by 3 weeks of detraining.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at pre-training,post-training,and detraining to assess architectural(volume,fiber tract length,and fiber tract angle)and microstructural(axial(AD),mean(MD),radial(RD)diffusivities,and fractional anisotropy(FA))parameters of the 4 hamstrings.Results NHE training induced significant but non-uniform hamstring muscle hypertrophy(BFsh:22%,BFlh:9%,ST:26%,SM:6%)and fiber tract length increase(BFsh:11%,BFlh:7%,ST:18%,SM:10%).AD(5%),MD(4%),and RD(5%)showed significant increases,but fiber tract angle and FA remained unchanged.After detraining,only ST showed a significant reduction(8%)in volume,which remained higher than the pre-training value.While fiber tract lengths returned to baseline,AD,MD,and RD remained higher than pre-training levels for all hamstrings.Conclusion The 9-week NHE training substantially increased hamstring muscle volume with greater hypertrophy in ST and BFsh.Hypertrophy was accompanied by increases in fiber tract lengths and cross-sections(increased RD).After 3 weeks of detraining,fiber tract length gains across all hamstrings declined,emphasizing the importance of sustained training to maintain all the protective adaptations.
基金supported jointly by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB0200800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41530426)
文摘The differences in the influences of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the air–sea CO2 fluxes (fCO2) in the North Atlantic (NA) between different seasons and between different regions are rarely fully investigated. We used observation-based data of fCO2, surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2sea), wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) to analyze the relationship between the NAO and fCO2 of the subtropical and subpolar NA in winter and summer on the interannual time scale. Based on power spectrum estimation, there are significant interannual signs with a 2–6 year cycle in the NAO indexes and area-averaged fCO2 anomalies in winter and summer from 1980 to 2015. Regression analysis with the 2–6 year filtered data shows that on the interannual scale the response of the fCO2 anomalies to the NAO has an obvious meridional wave-train-like pattern in winter, but a zonal distribution in summer. This seasonal difference is because in winter the fCO2 anomalies are mainly controlled by the NAO-driven wind speed anomalies, which have a meridional distribution pattern, while in summer they are dominated by the NAO-driven SST anomalies, which show distinct zonal difference in the subtropical NA. In addition, in the same season, there are different factors controlling the variation of pCO2sea in different regions. In summer, SST is important to the interannual variation of pCO2sea in the subtropical NA, while some biogeochemical variables probably control the pCO2sea variation in the subpolar NA.
基金supported in part by funding from the Veterans Administration (1IOBX001262, 1I01 BX004269)South Carolina State Spinal Cord Injury Research Fund (SCIRF-2015P-01, SCIRF-2015P-04, SCIRF-2015-I-01, SCIRF#2016 I-03, and SCIRF#2018 I-01)(to AH)+1 种基金supported in part by funding from the National Institutes of Health (1R21NS118393-01)(to AH)a Research Career Scientist award (#IK6BX005964) from the Department of veterans Affairs。
文摘Spinal cord injuries affect nearly five to ten individuals per million every year. Spinal cord injury causes damage to the nerves, muscles, and the tissue surrounding the spinal cord. Depending on the severity, spinal injuries are linked to degeneration of axons and myelin, resulting in neuronal impairment and skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. The protection of neurons and promotion of myelin regeneration during spinal cord injury is important for recovery of function following spinal cord injury. Current treatments have little to no effect on spinal cord injury and neurogenic muscle loss. Clemastine, an Food and Drug Administration-approved antihistamine drug, reduces inflammation, protects cells, promotes remyelination, and preserves myelin integrity. Recent clinical evidence suggests that clemastine can decrease the loss of axons after spinal cord injury, stimulating the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature oligodendrocytes that are capable of myelination. While clemastine can aid not only in the remyelination and preservation of myelin sheath integrity, it also protects neurons. However, its role in neurogenic muscle loss remains unclear. This review discusses the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, and the role of clemastine in the protection of neurons, myelin, and axons as well as attenuation of skeletal muscle loss following spinal cord injury.
基金Supported by Grants from the United States Public Health Service/National Institutes of Health, No. HL080404, HL094883 (Argraves KM) and HL061873, HL095067 (Argraves WS)NIH Training Grant to Improve Cardiovascular Therapies HL007260 (Wilkerson BA)American Heart Association 10PRE3910006 (Wilkerson BA)
文摘Blood vessels either form de novo through the process of vasculogenesis or through angiogenesis that involves the sprouting and proliferation of endothelial cells in pre-existing blood vessels. A complex interactive network of signaling cascades downstream from at least three of the nine known G-protein-coupled sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors act as a prime effector of neovascularization that occurs in embryonic development and in association with various pathologies. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the roles of S1P signaling in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, with particular emphasis on vascular cell adhesion and motility responses.
文摘The human gut is colonized by a community of microbiota,primarily bacteria,that exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host.Intestinal microbiota-host interactions play a critical role in the regulation of human physiology.Deleterious changes to the composition of gut microbiota,referred to as gut dysbiosis,has been linked to the development and progression of numerous diseases,including cardiovascular disease(CVD).Imbalances in host-microbial interaction impair homeostatic mechanisms that regulate health and can activate multiple pathways leading to CVD risk factor progression.Most CVD risk factors,including aging,obesity,dietary patterns,and a sedentary lifestyle,have been shown to induce gut dysbiosis.Dysbiosis is associated with intestinal inflammation and reduced integrity of the gut barrier,which in turn increases circulating levels of bacterial structural components and microbial metabolites,including trimethylamine-N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids,that may facilitate the development of CVD.This article reviews the normal function and composition of the gut microbiome,mechanisms leading to the leaky gut syndrome,its mechanistic link to CVD and potential novel therapeutic approaches aimed towards restoring gut microbiome and CVD prevention.As CVD is the leading cause of deaths globally,investigating the gut microbiota as a locus of intervention presents a novel and clinically relevant avenue for future research.
基金This work Was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.61775148,61527827,and 61905145)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation and Province Project(2021A1515011916)Shenzhen Science and Technology R&D and Innovation Foundation(grant nos.JCYJ20200109105608771.J CYJ20180305124754860 and JCYJ20180228162956597).
文摘Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is an essential super-resolution microscopy technique that enhances resolution.Several images are required to reconstruct a super-resolution image.However,linear SIM resolution enhancement can only increase the spatial resolution of micros-copy by a factor of two at most because the frequency of the structured illumination pattern is limited by the cutoff frequency of the excitation point spread function.The frequency of the pattern generated by the nonlinear response in samples is not limited;therefore,nonlinear SIM(NL-SIM),in theory,has no inherent limit to the resolution.In the present study,we describe a two-photon nonlinear SIM(2P-SIM)technique using a multiple harmonics scanning pattern that employs a composite structured illumination pattern,which can produce a higher order harmonic pattern based on the fluorescence nonlinear response in a 2P process.The theoretical models of super-resolution imaging were established through our simulation,which describes the working mechanism of the multi-frequency structure of the nonsinusoidal function to improve the reso-lution.The simulation results predict that a 5-fold improvement in resolution in the 2P-SIM is possible.
文摘Let H be a Schroedinger operator on R^n. Under a polynomial decay condition for the kernel of its spectral operator, we show that the Besov spaces and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated with H are well defined. We further give a Littlewood-Paley characterization of Lp spaces in terms of dyadic functions of H. This generalizes and strengthens the previous result when the heat kernel of H satisfies certain upper Gaussian bound.
文摘Two nonlinear control techniques are proposed for an atomic force microscopesystem. Initially, a learning-based control algorithm is developed for the microcantilever-samplesystem that achieves asymptotic cantilever tip tracking for periodic trajectories. Specifically, thecontrol approach utilizes a learning-based feedforward term to compensate for periodic dynamics andhigh-gain terms to account for non-periodic dynamics. An adaptive control algorithm is thendeveloped to achieve asymptotic cantilever tip tracking for bounded tip trajectories despiteuncertainty throughout the system parameters. Simulation results are provided to illustrate theefficacy and performance of the control strategies.
文摘While Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) represents 95% of the world production,its genetic improvement is hindered by the shortage of effective genomic tools and resources.The
