Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence-guided brain tumor resection, using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is among the most valuable tools for determining tumor removal area. However, PPIX fluorescence is not necessari...Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence-guided brain tumor resection, using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is among the most valuable tools for determining tumor removal area. However, PPIX fluorescence is not necessarily achieved during an operation visually even when 5-ALA is used, and we do not know until tumor exposure to the excitation light of the ultraviolet region whether PPIX fluorescence has been achieved. When a particular biopsy and frozen section diagnosis is made, the reason for lack of PPIX fluorescence in the tissue cannot be judged. We do not know whether the tumor fails to fluoresce or no fluorescence is seen because it is not the main body of the tumor. We investigated whether the presence or absence of tumor fluorescence could be predicted by examining urinary porphyrin before surgery, at the time of intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis using 5-ALA. The urine of brain tumor patients 2 hours after 5-ALA administration was irradiated with a 405 ± 1 nm laser light. The patients were divided into a fluorescent urine group and negative fluorescent urine group. Red fluorescence was observed in response to the 405 ± 1 nm laser beam for all tumors in the fluorescent urine group. Clear red fluorescence was not observed even with 405 ± 1 nm laser beam irradiation in any tumors in the negative fluorescent urine group. Preoperative prediction of the intraoperative fluorescence of PPIX can be achieved by observation of urine 2 hours after 5-ALA administration with exposure to a 405 ± 1 nm laser light.展开更多
A generalized antithetic time series theory for exponentially derived antithetic random variables is developed. The correlation function between a generalized gamma distributed random variable and its pth exponent is ...A generalized antithetic time series theory for exponentially derived antithetic random variables is developed. The correlation function between a generalized gamma distributed random variable and its pth exponent is derived. We prove that the correlation approaches minus one as the exponent approaches zero from the left and the shape parameter approaches infinity.展开更多
Escalation of drug resistant microbes (bacteria) had forced researchers to search new and improved therapeutic compounds from different possible sources, including metabolites secreted by the actinomycetes. The aim of...Escalation of drug resistant microbes (bacteria) had forced researchers to search new and improved therapeutic compounds from different possible sources, including metabolites secreted by the actinomycetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial actinomycetes from physiologically distinct soil of different geographical locations. Forty five soil samples were collected from 5 districts of Gujarat including two sanctuaries as source of survey for bioactive actinomycetes. Crowded plate technique was used for isolation and Agar cylinder method was employed for the antimicrobial screening. A total of 171 actinomycetes were isolated and screened against eighteen pathogens responsible for causing diseases in plants and humans. Results indicate that 79% of the isolates were active against at least one of the eighteen tested pathogens. Some of the actinomycetes strain had shown strong antibacterial and antifungal activity which may be a good source of obtaining novel antimicrobials.展开更多
Acacia nilotica （L.） Delile, commonly known as ＂Babul＂, is reported for its medicinal property since ages. Plant is recognized for its medicinal use in traditional practices. For the study, phytochemicals were ext...Acacia nilotica （L.） Delile, commonly known as ＂Babul＂, is reported for its medicinal property since ages. Plant is recognized for its medicinal use in traditional practices. For the study, phytochemicals were extracted as well as identified from four different solvents and their antibacterial property was determined. The fingerprinting was accomplished using HPTLC and the MIC （Minimum Inhibitory Concentration） was elucidated using standard protocols. Two Gram positive （Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis） and two Gram negative （Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa） bacteria were selected for the antibacterial screening. The major phytochemicals identified in the extract of the bark of A. nilotica were catechin/epicatechin, ellagic acid and m-digallic acid. Excellent antimicrobial activity was found in chloroform （40 ~tg/mL） and methanol （60 ~g/mL） extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chloroform extracts consist of higher number of phytochemicals/bands as compared with other extracts and demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against all the test bacterial species.展开更多
文摘Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence-guided brain tumor resection, using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is among the most valuable tools for determining tumor removal area. However, PPIX fluorescence is not necessarily achieved during an operation visually even when 5-ALA is used, and we do not know until tumor exposure to the excitation light of the ultraviolet region whether PPIX fluorescence has been achieved. When a particular biopsy and frozen section diagnosis is made, the reason for lack of PPIX fluorescence in the tissue cannot be judged. We do not know whether the tumor fails to fluoresce or no fluorescence is seen because it is not the main body of the tumor. We investigated whether the presence or absence of tumor fluorescence could be predicted by examining urinary porphyrin before surgery, at the time of intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis using 5-ALA. The urine of brain tumor patients 2 hours after 5-ALA administration was irradiated with a 405 ± 1 nm laser light. The patients were divided into a fluorescent urine group and negative fluorescent urine group. Red fluorescence was observed in response to the 405 ± 1 nm laser beam for all tumors in the fluorescent urine group. Clear red fluorescence was not observed even with 405 ± 1 nm laser beam irradiation in any tumors in the negative fluorescent urine group. Preoperative prediction of the intraoperative fluorescence of PPIX can be achieved by observation of urine 2 hours after 5-ALA administration with exposure to a 405 ± 1 nm laser light.
文摘A generalized antithetic time series theory for exponentially derived antithetic random variables is developed. The correlation function between a generalized gamma distributed random variable and its pth exponent is derived. We prove that the correlation approaches minus one as the exponent approaches zero from the left and the shape parameter approaches infinity.
文摘Escalation of drug resistant microbes (bacteria) had forced researchers to search new and improved therapeutic compounds from different possible sources, including metabolites secreted by the actinomycetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial actinomycetes from physiologically distinct soil of different geographical locations. Forty five soil samples were collected from 5 districts of Gujarat including two sanctuaries as source of survey for bioactive actinomycetes. Crowded plate technique was used for isolation and Agar cylinder method was employed for the antimicrobial screening. A total of 171 actinomycetes were isolated and screened against eighteen pathogens responsible for causing diseases in plants and humans. Results indicate that 79% of the isolates were active against at least one of the eighteen tested pathogens. Some of the actinomycetes strain had shown strong antibacterial and antifungal activity which may be a good source of obtaining novel antimicrobials.
文摘Acacia nilotica （L.） Delile, commonly known as ＂Babul＂, is reported for its medicinal property since ages. Plant is recognized for its medicinal use in traditional practices. For the study, phytochemicals were extracted as well as identified from four different solvents and their antibacterial property was determined. The fingerprinting was accomplished using HPTLC and the MIC （Minimum Inhibitory Concentration） was elucidated using standard protocols. Two Gram positive （Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis） and two Gram negative （Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa） bacteria were selected for the antibacterial screening. The major phytochemicals identified in the extract of the bark of A. nilotica were catechin/epicatechin, ellagic acid and m-digallic acid. Excellent antimicrobial activity was found in chloroform （40 ~tg/mL） and methanol （60 ~g/mL） extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chloroform extracts consist of higher number of phytochemicals/bands as compared with other extracts and demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against all the test bacterial species.
