Arboviral diseases are viral infections transmitted to humans through the bites of arthropods,such as mosquitoes,often causing a variety of pathologies associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality.Over the p...Arboviral diseases are viral infections transmitted to humans through the bites of arthropods,such as mosquitoes,often causing a variety of pathologies associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality.Over the past decades,these infections have proven to be a significant challenge to health systems worldwide,particularly following the considerable geographic expansion of the dengue virus(DENV)and its most recent outbreak in Latin America as well as the difficult-tocontrol outbreaks of yellow fever virus(YFV),chikungunya virus(CHIKV),and Zika virus(ZIKV),leaving behind a substantial portion of the population with complications related to these infections.Currently,the world is experiencing a period of intense globalization,which,combined with global warming,directly contributes to wider dissemination of arbovirus vectors across the globe.Consequently,all continents remain on high alert for potential new outbreaks.Thus,this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of the four main arboviruses today(DENV,ZIKV,YFV,and CHIKV)discussing their viral characteristics,immune responses,and mechanisms of viral evasion,as well as important clinical aspects for patient management.This includes associated symptoms,laboratory tests,treatments,existing or developing vaccines and the main associated complications,thus integrating a broad historical,scientific and clinical approach.展开更多
The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and hist...The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and historical context,DL offers a powerful complement by enhancing the speed,objectivity,and precision of the classification process.This research explores the significance of image data augmentation techniques in optimizing the performance of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)for geological image analysis,particularly in the classification of igneous,metamorphic,and sedimentary rock types from rock thin section(RTS)images.This study primarily focuses on classic image augmentation techniques and evaluates their impact on model accuracy and precision.Results demonstrate that augmentation techniques like Equalize significantly enhance the model's classification capabilities,achieving an F1-Score of 0.9869 for igneous rocks,0.9884 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9929 for sedimentary rocks,representing improvements compared to the baseline original results.Moreover,the weighted average F1-Score across all classes and techniques is 0.9886,indicating an enhancement.Conversely,methods like Distort lead to decreased accuracy and F1-Score,with an F1-Score of 0.949 for igneous rocks,0.954 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9416 for sedimentary rocks,exacerbating the performance compared to the baseline.The study underscores the practicality of image data augmentation in geological image classification and advocates for the adoption of DL methods in this domain for automation and improved results.The findings of this study can benefit various fields,including remote sensing,mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring,by enhancing the accuracy of geological image analysis both for scientific research and industrial applications.展开更多
Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficul...Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficult recovery of the catalysts in a powdery form.Herein,a three-dimensional(3D)framework of Fe-incorporated Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets in-situ grown on Ni foam(Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF)was fabricated by a facile two-step hydrothermal process and applied to trigger peroxymonosulfate(PMS)oxidation of organic compounds inwater.A homogeneous growth environment enabled the uniform and scalable growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets on the Ni foam.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF possessed outstanding activity and durability in activating PMS,as it effectively facilitated electron transfer from organic pollutants to PMS.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF initially supplied electrons to PMS,causing the catalyst to undergo oxidation,and subsequently accepted electrons from organic compounds,returning to its initial state.The introduction of Fe into the Ni_(3)S_(2)lattice enhanced electrical conductivity,promoting mediated electron transfer between PMS and organic compounds.The 3D conductive Ni foam provided an ideal platform for the nucleation and growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2),accelerating pollutant abatement due to its porous structure and high conductivity.Furthermore,its monolithic nature simplified the catalyst recycling process.A continuous flow packed-bed reactor by encapsulating Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF catalyst achieved complete pollutant abatement with continuous operation for 240 h,highlighting its immense potential for practical environmental remediation.This study presents a facile synthesis method for creating a novel type of monolithic catalyst with high activity and durability for decontamination through Fenton-like processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thumb replantation following complete traumatic avulsion requires complex techniques to restore function,especially in cases of avulsion at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint(MCP I)and avulsion of t...BACKGROUND Thumb replantation following complete traumatic avulsion requires complex techniques to restore function,especially in cases of avulsion at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint(MCP I)and avulsion of the flexor pollicis longus(FPL)at the musculotendinous junction.Possible treatments include direct tendon suture or tendon transfer,most commonly from the ring finger.To optimize function and avoid donor finger complications,we performed thumb replantation with flexion restoration using brachioradialis(BR)tendon transfer with palmaris longus(PL)tendon graft.CASE SUMMARY A 20-year-old left-handed male was admitted for a complete traumatic left thumb amputation following an accident while sliding from the top of a handrail.The patient presented with skin and bone avulsion at the MCP I,avulsion of the FPL tendon at the musculotendinous junction(zone 5),avulsion of the extensor pollicis longus tendon(zone T3),and avulsion of the thumb’s collateral arteries and nerves.The patient was treated with two stage thumb repair.The first intervention consisted of thumb replantation with MCP I arthrodesis,resection of avulsed FPL tendon and implantation of a silicone tendon prosthesis.The second intervention consisted of PL tendon graft and BR tendon transfer.Follow-up at 10 months showed good outcomes with active interphalangeal flexion of 70°,grip strength of 45 kg,key pinch strength of 15 kg and two-point discrimination threshold of 4 mm.CONCLUSION Flexion restoration after complete thumb amputation with FPL avulsion at the musculotendinous junction can be achieved using BR tendon transfer with PL tendon graft.展开更多
1.Introduction Changes in land use are key factors promoting global climate change,and the side effects of mining activity that destroy the soil,vegetation,and biodiversity lead to imbalanced carbon cycling in terrest...1.Introduction Changes in land use are key factors promoting global climate change,and the side effects of mining activity that destroy the soil,vegetation,and biodiversity lead to imbalanced carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.展开更多
Engineering a phosphide-based multifunctional heterostructure with high redox activity,stability,and efficient charge kinetics for both supercapacitors and water splitting remains challenging due to sluggish reaction ...Engineering a phosphide-based multifunctional heterostructure with high redox activity,stability,and efficient charge kinetics for both supercapacitors and water splitting remains challenging due to sluggish reaction kinetics and structural instability.This study overcomes these challenges by implementing a rapid,energy-efficient approach to develop a MOF-modulated MnP@Cu_(3)P heterostructure via a hydrothermal process followed by high-temperature phosphorization.The heterostructure demonstrates superior redox activity with enhanced stability and improved charge kinetics achieving a high specific capacity of 1131 C g^(-1)as supported by density functional theory findings of increased DOS near the Fermi level.The flexible supercapacitor achieves a peak energy density of 99.20 Wh kg^(-1)and power density of 15.40 kW kg^(-1).Simultaneously,it shows exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction performance with an overpotential of η_(10)=44 mV and η_(1000)=225 mV,attributed to electron transfer from Cu to Mn via P bridging,which shifts the active centers from Mn and Cu sites to the P site,confirmed by lowestΔG_(H)^(*)value of-0.16 eV.The overall water-splitting in full-cell electrocatalyzer delivers cell voltage of E_(20)=1.48 V and E_(1000)=1.88 V and setting a new standard in solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 20.02%.The electrolyzer cell maintained prolonged stability at industrial-scale current densities of 1.0 A cm^(-2)under alkaline electrolysis achieving an estimated hydrogen production cost of INR 146.7 or US$1.67per kilogram aligning with the cost target of $2/kg by 2026 established by the Clean Hydrogen Electrolysis Program,U.S.department of energy.Furthermore,real-phase demonstration highlights the uninterrupted hydrogen production till 6-minutes via connecting this electrocatalyzer with photovoltaic-charged supercapacitors effectively addressing solar intermittency and gas fluctuations challenges in water-electrolysis.展开更多
Recent advancements in computational and database technologies have led to the exponential growth of large-scale medical datasets,significantly increasing data complexity and dimensionality in medical diagnostics.Effi...Recent advancements in computational and database technologies have led to the exponential growth of large-scale medical datasets,significantly increasing data complexity and dimensionality in medical diagnostics.Efficient feature selection methods are critical for improving diagnostic accuracy,reducing computational costs,and enhancing the interpretability of predictive models.Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),a widely used metaheuristic inspired by swarm intelligence,has shown considerable promise in feature selection tasks.However,conventional PSO often suffers from premature convergence and limited exploration capabilities,particularly in high-dimensional spaces.To overcome these limitations,this study proposes an enhanced PSO framework incorporating Orthogonal Initializa-tion and a Crossover Operator(OrPSOC).Orthogonal Initialization ensures a diverse and uniformly distributed initial particle population,substantially improving the algorithm’s exploration capability.The Crossover Operator,inspired by genetic algorithms,introduces additional diversity during the search process,effectively mitigating premature convergence and enhancing global search performance.The effectiveness of OrPSOC was rigorously evaluated on three benchmark medical datasets—Colon,Leukemia,and Prostate Tumor.Comparative analyses were conducted against traditional filter-based methods,including Fast Clustering-Based Feature Selection Technique(Fast-C),Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance(MinRedMaxRel),and Five-Way Joint Mutual Information(FJMI),as well as prominent metaheuristic algorithms such as standard PSO,Ant Colony Optimization(ACO),Comprehensive Learning Gravitational Search Algorithm(CLGSA),and Fuzzy-Based CLGSA(FCLGSA).Experimental results demonstrated that OrPSOC consistently outperformed these existing methods in terms of classification accuracy,computational efficiency,and result stability,achieving significant improvements even with fewer selected features.Additionally,a sensitivity analysis of the crossover parameter provided valuable insights into parameter tuning and its impact on model performance.These findings highlight the superiority and robustness of the proposed OrPSOC approach for feature selection in medical diagnostic applications and underscore its potential for broader adoption in various high-dimensional,data-driven fields.展开更多
The Tasmanian microcontinent,situated along the East Gondwana accretionary margin during the late Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic,contains an unequivocal high-pressure metamorphic record comprising key information...The Tasmanian microcontinent,situated along the East Gondwana accretionary margin during the late Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic,contains an unequivocal high-pressure metamorphic record comprising key information pertaining to the geodynamics of subduction along the margin.Subduction of the Tasmanian microcontinent is interpreted by some as a response to back-arc basin inversion prior to ophiolite obduction and high-pressure metamorphism during the Cambrian Tyennan Orogeny.However,thermobarometric evidence in support of such a model from rocks once positioned on the subducting continental margin is lacking.Despite occurrences of eclogite-facies mineral assemblages in the strongly deformed Tyennan Region of western Tasmania,garnet-bearing quartzofeldspathic assemblages documented in metasedimentary lithologies from the remote south-west coast of Tasmania have been interpreted as an expression of low-to moderate-pressure metamorphism.We report a strongly overprinted chlorite-quartz-garnet-bearing assemblage from the southern Tyennan Region(Nye Bay)which shows evidence for high-pressure metamorphism.Coarse-grained garnet porphyroblasts contain inclusions of kyanite,muscovite,and rutile,and yield in-situ Lu-Hf dates of c.520 Ma.The cm-scale garnet porphyroblasts are zoned in the major and trace elements,preserving core-rim compositional gradients reflecting garnet growth up-pressure.Aided by mineral equilibria forward modelling,the garnet rim compositions and the Zr content of Cambrian rutile constrain peak metamorphic conditions of∼17.5-19 kbar and∼780-820℃,equivalent to warm subduction thermal gradients between 410-470℃/GPa.Garnet core compositions and the Ti content of quartz inclusions in the garnet cores constrain the pressures and temperatures for garnet nucleation to∼6-7 kbar and∼560-580℃,corresponding to relatively high prograde thermal gradients between 800-965℃/GPa.The thermal gradients determined from the south-west Tasmanian metamorphic record provide a direct window into the progressive evolution of the thermal state of the Cambrian subduction system,with the physical conditions of garnet nucleation potentially reflecting those of subduction initiation.The corresponding warm thermal gradients provide evidence for subduction initiation driven by the collapse of a pre-orogenic back-arc.This interpretation is consistent with an existing tectonic model for the Tyennan Orogeny which proposes a back-arc basin origin for the protoliths to the western Tasmanian sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole.展开更多
Objective:Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men over 50 years old,and radical prostatectomy,particularly via laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques,significantly impacts quality of life,especially in ter...Objective:Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men over 50 years old,and radical prostatectomy,particularly via laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques,significantly impacts quality of life,especially in terms of erectile dysfunction.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the preservation of erectile function following robotic-assisted and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,with a separate analysis of randomized clinical trials and non-randomized studies.Methods:This review was carried out using randomized and non-randomized studies involving adult patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy,according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in PROSPERO.Applicable literature from PubMed,Cochrane,Embase,and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database was analysed.The bias in randomized clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool,and observational studies were evaluated via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.Results:Our analysis included 13 studies involving 6281 patients.Comparative meta-analysis of non-randomized studies demonstrated that robotic techniques were significantly more effective in preserving erectile function at 3 months(risk difference[RD]0.05,95%confidence interval[CI]0.00-0.11;p=0.040),6 months(RD 0.10,95%CI 0.03-0.17;p=0.006),and 12 months postoperatively(RD 0.06,95%CI 0.02-0.10;p=0.002).Conclusion:Robotic-assisted surgery showed greater preservation of erectile function 3 months,6 months,and 12 months after radical prostatectomy.However,additional studies with meticulous methodological criteria are necessary for future analysis.展开更多
This letter comments on a study by Jin et al,published recently in the World Journal of Diabetes.Hypoglycemia is a significant complication of diabetes,with primary defense mechanisms involving the stimulation of gluc...This letter comments on a study by Jin et al,published recently in the World Journal of Diabetes.Hypoglycemia is a significant complication of diabetes,with primary defense mechanisms involving the stimulation of glucagon secretion inα-cells and the inhibition of insulin secretion in pancreaticβ-cells,which are often compromised in type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)and advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus.Recurrent hypoglycemia predisposes the development of impaired hypoglycemia awareness,a condition underpinned by complex pathophysiological processes,encompassing central nervous system adaptations and several hormonal interactions,including a potential role for glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in paracrine and endocrine vias.Experimental evidence indicates that GLP-1 may impair hypoglycemic counterregulation by disrupting the sympathoadrenal system and promoting somatostatin release in pancreaticδ-cells,which inhibits glucagon secretion from neighboringα-cells.However,current trials evaluating GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)in T1DM patients have shown promising benefits in reducing insulin requirements and body weight,without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.Further research is essential to elucidate the specific roles of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs in modulating glucagon secretion and the sympathetic-adrenal reflex,and their impact on hypoglycemia unawareness in T1DM patients.展开更多
AIM:To assess tomographic changes and subclinical edema detection in Fuchs’endothelial corneal dystrophy(FECD)through Scheimpflug tomography in a group of phakic patients contemplating cataract surgery.METHODS:A retr...AIM:To assess tomographic changes and subclinical edema detection in Fuchs’endothelial corneal dystrophy(FECD)through Scheimpflug tomography in a group of phakic patients contemplating cataract surgery.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 30 phakic eyes from patients diagnosed with FECD but without clinical edema,and 59 phakic eyes from a control group without corneal alterations.Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were conducted,including slitlamp biomicroscopy,corneal specular microscopy(CSM),and Scheimpflug tomography.RESULTS:The study encompassed 30 phakic eyes with FECD(mean age 59.8±13.1y)and 59 control eyes(mean age 61.3±7.7y).The best-corrected visual acuity was higher in the control group compared to the FECD group[0(0,0.08)vs 0.05(0,0.15)logMAR;P=0.042].CSM revealed significant differences between the FECD and control groups in several parameters:number of analyzed cells(26±13 vs 135±42,P<0.001),cell density(2049±376 vs 2479±225 cells/mm2,P<0.001),mean cell area[463(434,544)vs 397(383,431)μm2;P<0.001],coefficient of variation(54.8%±18.7%vs 41.0%±7.2%,P<0.001),and hexagonal cells[0(0,47%)vs 47%(40%,53%),P<0.001].Although often used as a clinical parameter for detecting edema,central corneal thickness measured by CSM showed no significant difference between the FECD and control groups(530±57 vs 546±30μm,P=0.179).Significant differences were noted in various Pentacam measurements between the groups.Specifically,parameters like loss of parallel isopachs(13 vs 0 eyes,P<0.001),displacement of the thinnest point(11 vs 0 eyes,P<0.001),posterior focal depression(25 vs 7 eyes,P<0.001),and increased light scatter[21.4(17.6;23.9)vs 18.0(16.8,21.8),P=0.01]were significantly more prevalent in FECD eyes,reflecting the presence of subclinical edema and loss of corneal transparency.CONCLUSION:Scheimpflug tomography allows for an objective assessment of FECD,offering the capability to detect subclinical edema at an early stage,monitor disease progression,and serve as a predictor of corneal decompensation following cataract surgery.展开更多
The global prevalence of diabetes has surged in recent years,with diabetic kidney disease(DKD)emerging as a major complication.Traditional therapies have had limited success in slowing progression to end-stage kidney ...The global prevalence of diabetes has surged in recent years,with diabetic kidney disease(DKD)emerging as a major complication.Traditional therapies have had limited success in slowing progression to end-stage kidney disease.However,novel therapies,particularly sodium-glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists,which were initially developed for hyperglycemia management,have transformed the treatment of obesity,heart failure,cardiovascular disease,and more recently,DKD.SGLT2 inhibitors have consistently and significantly reduced cardiovascular events,albuminuria,and glomerular filtration rate,highlighting their efficacy across diverse clinical presentations for patients with kidney impairment.Although fewer studies have specifically investigated GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with kidney disease,existing evidence underscores their potential to slow renal disease progression,reduce albuminuria,and improve clinically relevant outcomes.However,further research is needed to better identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment.Together,these therapies represent valuable advancements for DKD,offering significant reductions in morbidity and mortality and shifting the management of the disease by becoming essential pillars for the treatment of these patients.展开更多
Recent studies have shown a noticeable increase in global Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)resistance,with clarithromycin resistance surpassing 15%in various areas.However,inadequate epidemiological monitoring,especially ...Recent studies have shown a noticeable increase in global Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)resistance,with clarithromycin resistance surpassing 15%in various areas.However,inadequate epidemiological monitoring,especially in developing countries,and the absence of uniform testing methods lead to discrepancies between regions and a possible underestimation of resistance levels.The complexity of treating H.pylori is driven by its highly dynamic genome,which is prone to frequent mutations contributing to phenotypical resistance.The usual course of action in empirical treatment involves using a combination of various drugs simultaneously,leading to significant resistance selection pressure and potential side effects.The emergence of H.pylori strains resistant to multiple drugs is closely tied to failures in first-line treatment,highlighting the need to prevent further resistance by using optimal initial empirical therapy or regimens guided by antibiotic susceptibility testing,requiring a collection of mixed samples and multiple isolates for accurate assessment.The emergence of new treatments like potassium-competitive acid blockers offers a hopeful approach to decrease antimicrobial usage while still ensuring effectiveness in comparison to traditional therapies with proton pump inhibitors.Additionally,the use of probiotics is under investigation to identify specific strains and formulations that may mitigate therapy-associated adverse effects.展开更多
基金Supported by the Permanecer Program(part of the actions of the Office of Affirmative Actions)Education and Diversity of the Dean of Student Assistance at the Federal University of Bahia(UFBA)and CNPq Research Productivity Fellow.
文摘Arboviral diseases are viral infections transmitted to humans through the bites of arthropods,such as mosquitoes,often causing a variety of pathologies associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality.Over the past decades,these infections have proven to be a significant challenge to health systems worldwide,particularly following the considerable geographic expansion of the dengue virus(DENV)and its most recent outbreak in Latin America as well as the difficult-tocontrol outbreaks of yellow fever virus(YFV),chikungunya virus(CHIKV),and Zika virus(ZIKV),leaving behind a substantial portion of the population with complications related to these infections.Currently,the world is experiencing a period of intense globalization,which,combined with global warming,directly contributes to wider dissemination of arbovirus vectors across the globe.Consequently,all continents remain on high alert for potential new outbreaks.Thus,this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of the four main arboviruses today(DENV,ZIKV,YFV,and CHIKV)discussing their viral characteristics,immune responses,and mechanisms of viral evasion,as well as important clinical aspects for patient management.This includes associated symptoms,laboratory tests,treatments,existing or developing vaccines and the main associated complications,thus integrating a broad historical,scientific and clinical approach.
文摘The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and historical context,DL offers a powerful complement by enhancing the speed,objectivity,and precision of the classification process.This research explores the significance of image data augmentation techniques in optimizing the performance of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)for geological image analysis,particularly in the classification of igneous,metamorphic,and sedimentary rock types from rock thin section(RTS)images.This study primarily focuses on classic image augmentation techniques and evaluates their impact on model accuracy and precision.Results demonstrate that augmentation techniques like Equalize significantly enhance the model's classification capabilities,achieving an F1-Score of 0.9869 for igneous rocks,0.9884 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9929 for sedimentary rocks,representing improvements compared to the baseline original results.Moreover,the weighted average F1-Score across all classes and techniques is 0.9886,indicating an enhancement.Conversely,methods like Distort lead to decreased accuracy and F1-Score,with an F1-Score of 0.949 for igneous rocks,0.954 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9416 for sedimentary rocks,exacerbating the performance compared to the baseline.The study underscores the practicality of image data augmentation in geological image classification and advocates for the adoption of DL methods in this domain for automation and improved results.The findings of this study can benefit various fields,including remote sensing,mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring,by enhancing the accuracy of geological image analysis both for scientific research and industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876039)Y.Yao acknowledges the scholarship support from the China Scholarship Council(No.202106695010)Partial support from the Australian Research Council for DP230102406 is also acknowledged.
文摘Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficult recovery of the catalysts in a powdery form.Herein,a three-dimensional(3D)framework of Fe-incorporated Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets in-situ grown on Ni foam(Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF)was fabricated by a facile two-step hydrothermal process and applied to trigger peroxymonosulfate(PMS)oxidation of organic compounds inwater.A homogeneous growth environment enabled the uniform and scalable growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets on the Ni foam.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF possessed outstanding activity and durability in activating PMS,as it effectively facilitated electron transfer from organic pollutants to PMS.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF initially supplied electrons to PMS,causing the catalyst to undergo oxidation,and subsequently accepted electrons from organic compounds,returning to its initial state.The introduction of Fe into the Ni_(3)S_(2)lattice enhanced electrical conductivity,promoting mediated electron transfer between PMS and organic compounds.The 3D conductive Ni foam provided an ideal platform for the nucleation and growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2),accelerating pollutant abatement due to its porous structure and high conductivity.Furthermore,its monolithic nature simplified the catalyst recycling process.A continuous flow packed-bed reactor by encapsulating Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF catalyst achieved complete pollutant abatement with continuous operation for 240 h,highlighting its immense potential for practical environmental remediation.This study presents a facile synthesis method for creating a novel type of monolithic catalyst with high activity and durability for decontamination through Fenton-like processes.
文摘BACKGROUND Thumb replantation following complete traumatic avulsion requires complex techniques to restore function,especially in cases of avulsion at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint(MCP I)and avulsion of the flexor pollicis longus(FPL)at the musculotendinous junction.Possible treatments include direct tendon suture or tendon transfer,most commonly from the ring finger.To optimize function and avoid donor finger complications,we performed thumb replantation with flexion restoration using brachioradialis(BR)tendon transfer with palmaris longus(PL)tendon graft.CASE SUMMARY A 20-year-old left-handed male was admitted for a complete traumatic left thumb amputation following an accident while sliding from the top of a handrail.The patient presented with skin and bone avulsion at the MCP I,avulsion of the FPL tendon at the musculotendinous junction(zone 5),avulsion of the extensor pollicis longus tendon(zone T3),and avulsion of the thumb’s collateral arteries and nerves.The patient was treated with two stage thumb repair.The first intervention consisted of thumb replantation with MCP I arthrodesis,resection of avulsed FPL tendon and implantation of a silicone tendon prosthesis.The second intervention consisted of PL tendon graft and BR tendon transfer.Follow-up at 10 months showed good outcomes with active interphalangeal flexion of 70°,grip strength of 45 kg,key pinch strength of 15 kg and two-point discrimination threshold of 4 mm.CONCLUSION Flexion restoration after complete thumb amputation with FPL avulsion at the musculotendinous junction can be achieved using BR tendon transfer with PL tendon graft.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun dation of China(52374170 and 51974313)the National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2022YFF1303300).
文摘1.Introduction Changes in land use are key factors promoting global climate change,and the side effects of mining activity that destroy the soil,vegetation,and biodiversity lead to imbalanced carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
基金supported financially by the Ministry of Textiles(Grant No-2/3/2021-NTTM(Pt.)),Govt.of India。
文摘Engineering a phosphide-based multifunctional heterostructure with high redox activity,stability,and efficient charge kinetics for both supercapacitors and water splitting remains challenging due to sluggish reaction kinetics and structural instability.This study overcomes these challenges by implementing a rapid,energy-efficient approach to develop a MOF-modulated MnP@Cu_(3)P heterostructure via a hydrothermal process followed by high-temperature phosphorization.The heterostructure demonstrates superior redox activity with enhanced stability and improved charge kinetics achieving a high specific capacity of 1131 C g^(-1)as supported by density functional theory findings of increased DOS near the Fermi level.The flexible supercapacitor achieves a peak energy density of 99.20 Wh kg^(-1)and power density of 15.40 kW kg^(-1).Simultaneously,it shows exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction performance with an overpotential of η_(10)=44 mV and η_(1000)=225 mV,attributed to electron transfer from Cu to Mn via P bridging,which shifts the active centers from Mn and Cu sites to the P site,confirmed by lowestΔG_(H)^(*)value of-0.16 eV.The overall water-splitting in full-cell electrocatalyzer delivers cell voltage of E_(20)=1.48 V and E_(1000)=1.88 V and setting a new standard in solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 20.02%.The electrolyzer cell maintained prolonged stability at industrial-scale current densities of 1.0 A cm^(-2)under alkaline electrolysis achieving an estimated hydrogen production cost of INR 146.7 or US$1.67per kilogram aligning with the cost target of $2/kg by 2026 established by the Clean Hydrogen Electrolysis Program,U.S.department of energy.Furthermore,real-phase demonstration highlights the uninterrupted hydrogen production till 6-minutes via connecting this electrocatalyzer with photovoltaic-charged supercapacitors effectively addressing solar intermittency and gas fluctuations challenges in water-electrolysis.
文摘Recent advancements in computational and database technologies have led to the exponential growth of large-scale medical datasets,significantly increasing data complexity and dimensionality in medical diagnostics.Efficient feature selection methods are critical for improving diagnostic accuracy,reducing computational costs,and enhancing the interpretability of predictive models.Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),a widely used metaheuristic inspired by swarm intelligence,has shown considerable promise in feature selection tasks.However,conventional PSO often suffers from premature convergence and limited exploration capabilities,particularly in high-dimensional spaces.To overcome these limitations,this study proposes an enhanced PSO framework incorporating Orthogonal Initializa-tion and a Crossover Operator(OrPSOC).Orthogonal Initialization ensures a diverse and uniformly distributed initial particle population,substantially improving the algorithm’s exploration capability.The Crossover Operator,inspired by genetic algorithms,introduces additional diversity during the search process,effectively mitigating premature convergence and enhancing global search performance.The effectiveness of OrPSOC was rigorously evaluated on three benchmark medical datasets—Colon,Leukemia,and Prostate Tumor.Comparative analyses were conducted against traditional filter-based methods,including Fast Clustering-Based Feature Selection Technique(Fast-C),Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance(MinRedMaxRel),and Five-Way Joint Mutual Information(FJMI),as well as prominent metaheuristic algorithms such as standard PSO,Ant Colony Optimization(ACO),Comprehensive Learning Gravitational Search Algorithm(CLGSA),and Fuzzy-Based CLGSA(FCLGSA).Experimental results demonstrated that OrPSOC consistently outperformed these existing methods in terms of classification accuracy,computational efficiency,and result stability,achieving significant improvements even with fewer selected features.Additionally,a sensitivity analysis of the crossover parameter provided valuable insights into parameter tuning and its impact on model performance.These findings highlight the superiority and robustness of the proposed OrPSOC approach for feature selection in medical diagnostic applications and underscore its potential for broader adoption in various high-dimensional,data-driven fields.
基金supported by Australian Research Council(ARC)grant DP16010437 to MH.LJM is supported by an ARC DECRA Fellowship,DE210101126.
文摘The Tasmanian microcontinent,situated along the East Gondwana accretionary margin during the late Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic,contains an unequivocal high-pressure metamorphic record comprising key information pertaining to the geodynamics of subduction along the margin.Subduction of the Tasmanian microcontinent is interpreted by some as a response to back-arc basin inversion prior to ophiolite obduction and high-pressure metamorphism during the Cambrian Tyennan Orogeny.However,thermobarometric evidence in support of such a model from rocks once positioned on the subducting continental margin is lacking.Despite occurrences of eclogite-facies mineral assemblages in the strongly deformed Tyennan Region of western Tasmania,garnet-bearing quartzofeldspathic assemblages documented in metasedimentary lithologies from the remote south-west coast of Tasmania have been interpreted as an expression of low-to moderate-pressure metamorphism.We report a strongly overprinted chlorite-quartz-garnet-bearing assemblage from the southern Tyennan Region(Nye Bay)which shows evidence for high-pressure metamorphism.Coarse-grained garnet porphyroblasts contain inclusions of kyanite,muscovite,and rutile,and yield in-situ Lu-Hf dates of c.520 Ma.The cm-scale garnet porphyroblasts are zoned in the major and trace elements,preserving core-rim compositional gradients reflecting garnet growth up-pressure.Aided by mineral equilibria forward modelling,the garnet rim compositions and the Zr content of Cambrian rutile constrain peak metamorphic conditions of∼17.5-19 kbar and∼780-820℃,equivalent to warm subduction thermal gradients between 410-470℃/GPa.Garnet core compositions and the Ti content of quartz inclusions in the garnet cores constrain the pressures and temperatures for garnet nucleation to∼6-7 kbar and∼560-580℃,corresponding to relatively high prograde thermal gradients between 800-965℃/GPa.The thermal gradients determined from the south-west Tasmanian metamorphic record provide a direct window into the progressive evolution of the thermal state of the Cambrian subduction system,with the physical conditions of garnet nucleation potentially reflecting those of subduction initiation.The corresponding warm thermal gradients provide evidence for subduction initiation driven by the collapse of a pre-orogenic back-arc.This interpretation is consistent with an existing tectonic model for the Tyennan Orogeny which proposes a back-arc basin origin for the protoliths to the western Tasmanian sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole.
文摘Objective:Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men over 50 years old,and radical prostatectomy,particularly via laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques,significantly impacts quality of life,especially in terms of erectile dysfunction.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the preservation of erectile function following robotic-assisted and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,with a separate analysis of randomized clinical trials and non-randomized studies.Methods:This review was carried out using randomized and non-randomized studies involving adult patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy,according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in PROSPERO.Applicable literature from PubMed,Cochrane,Embase,and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database was analysed.The bias in randomized clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool,and observational studies were evaluated via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.Results:Our analysis included 13 studies involving 6281 patients.Comparative meta-analysis of non-randomized studies demonstrated that robotic techniques were significantly more effective in preserving erectile function at 3 months(risk difference[RD]0.05,95%confidence interval[CI]0.00-0.11;p=0.040),6 months(RD 0.10,95%CI 0.03-0.17;p=0.006),and 12 months postoperatively(RD 0.06,95%CI 0.02-0.10;p=0.002).Conclusion:Robotic-assisted surgery showed greater preservation of erectile function 3 months,6 months,and 12 months after radical prostatectomy.However,additional studies with meticulous methodological criteria are necessary for future analysis.
基金Industrial Technological Initiation Scholarship of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,No.0932204294929829CNPq Research Productivity Fellow,No.4357511882624145.
文摘This letter comments on a study by Jin et al,published recently in the World Journal of Diabetes.Hypoglycemia is a significant complication of diabetes,with primary defense mechanisms involving the stimulation of glucagon secretion inα-cells and the inhibition of insulin secretion in pancreaticβ-cells,which are often compromised in type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)and advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus.Recurrent hypoglycemia predisposes the development of impaired hypoglycemia awareness,a condition underpinned by complex pathophysiological processes,encompassing central nervous system adaptations and several hormonal interactions,including a potential role for glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in paracrine and endocrine vias.Experimental evidence indicates that GLP-1 may impair hypoglycemic counterregulation by disrupting the sympathoadrenal system and promoting somatostatin release in pancreaticδ-cells,which inhibits glucagon secretion from neighboringα-cells.However,current trials evaluating GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)in T1DM patients have shown promising benefits in reducing insulin requirements and body weight,without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.Further research is essential to elucidate the specific roles of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs in modulating glucagon secretion and the sympathetic-adrenal reflex,and their impact on hypoglycemia unawareness in T1DM patients.
文摘AIM:To assess tomographic changes and subclinical edema detection in Fuchs’endothelial corneal dystrophy(FECD)through Scheimpflug tomography in a group of phakic patients contemplating cataract surgery.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 30 phakic eyes from patients diagnosed with FECD but without clinical edema,and 59 phakic eyes from a control group without corneal alterations.Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were conducted,including slitlamp biomicroscopy,corneal specular microscopy(CSM),and Scheimpflug tomography.RESULTS:The study encompassed 30 phakic eyes with FECD(mean age 59.8±13.1y)and 59 control eyes(mean age 61.3±7.7y).The best-corrected visual acuity was higher in the control group compared to the FECD group[0(0,0.08)vs 0.05(0,0.15)logMAR;P=0.042].CSM revealed significant differences between the FECD and control groups in several parameters:number of analyzed cells(26±13 vs 135±42,P<0.001),cell density(2049±376 vs 2479±225 cells/mm2,P<0.001),mean cell area[463(434,544)vs 397(383,431)μm2;P<0.001],coefficient of variation(54.8%±18.7%vs 41.0%±7.2%,P<0.001),and hexagonal cells[0(0,47%)vs 47%(40%,53%),P<0.001].Although often used as a clinical parameter for detecting edema,central corneal thickness measured by CSM showed no significant difference between the FECD and control groups(530±57 vs 546±30μm,P=0.179).Significant differences were noted in various Pentacam measurements between the groups.Specifically,parameters like loss of parallel isopachs(13 vs 0 eyes,P<0.001),displacement of the thinnest point(11 vs 0 eyes,P<0.001),posterior focal depression(25 vs 7 eyes,P<0.001),and increased light scatter[21.4(17.6;23.9)vs 18.0(16.8,21.8),P=0.01]were significantly more prevalent in FECD eyes,reflecting the presence of subclinical edema and loss of corneal transparency.CONCLUSION:Scheimpflug tomography allows for an objective assessment of FECD,offering the capability to detect subclinical edema at an early stage,monitor disease progression,and serve as a predictor of corneal decompensation following cataract surgery.
基金Supported by Industrial Technological Initiation Scholarship of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,Brazil,No.0932204294929829 and No.7414780530977345the Scientific Initiation Scholarship Programme(PIBIC)of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,Brazil,No.5763023359532159,No.6472982965854452,and No.7340128440641417the CNPq Research Productivity Fellow,No.4357511882624145.
文摘The global prevalence of diabetes has surged in recent years,with diabetic kidney disease(DKD)emerging as a major complication.Traditional therapies have had limited success in slowing progression to end-stage kidney disease.However,novel therapies,particularly sodium-glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists,which were initially developed for hyperglycemia management,have transformed the treatment of obesity,heart failure,cardiovascular disease,and more recently,DKD.SGLT2 inhibitors have consistently and significantly reduced cardiovascular events,albuminuria,and glomerular filtration rate,highlighting their efficacy across diverse clinical presentations for patients with kidney impairment.Although fewer studies have specifically investigated GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with kidney disease,existing evidence underscores their potential to slow renal disease progression,reduce albuminuria,and improve clinically relevant outcomes.However,further research is needed to better identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment.Together,these therapies represent valuable advancements for DKD,offering significant reductions in morbidity and mortality and shifting the management of the disease by becoming essential pillars for the treatment of these patients.
基金Supported by the Industrial Technological Initiation Scholarship of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,Brazil,No.0932204294929829 and No.7414780530977345the Scientific Initiation Scholarship Programme(PIBIC)of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,Brazil,No.5763023359532159,No.6472982965854452,and No.7340128440641417+2 种基金the Scientific Initiation Scholarship Programme(PIBIC)of Bahia State Research Support Foundation,FAPESB,Brazil,No.19.573.301.5418the PERMANECER Programme of Pro-Rectory of Student Assistance at Federal University of Bahia,No.R8EZ-4V4W-6LQX-5LC8the CNPq Research Productivity Fellow,No.4357511882624145.
文摘Recent studies have shown a noticeable increase in global Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)resistance,with clarithromycin resistance surpassing 15%in various areas.However,inadequate epidemiological monitoring,especially in developing countries,and the absence of uniform testing methods lead to discrepancies between regions and a possible underestimation of resistance levels.The complexity of treating H.pylori is driven by its highly dynamic genome,which is prone to frequent mutations contributing to phenotypical resistance.The usual course of action in empirical treatment involves using a combination of various drugs simultaneously,leading to significant resistance selection pressure and potential side effects.The emergence of H.pylori strains resistant to multiple drugs is closely tied to failures in first-line treatment,highlighting the need to prevent further resistance by using optimal initial empirical therapy or regimens guided by antibiotic susceptibility testing,requiring a collection of mixed samples and multiple isolates for accurate assessment.The emergence of new treatments like potassium-competitive acid blockers offers a hopeful approach to decrease antimicrobial usage while still ensuring effectiveness in comparison to traditional therapies with proton pump inhibitors.Additionally,the use of probiotics is under investigation to identify specific strains and formulations that may mitigate therapy-associated adverse effects.
