Objectives:The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is notably low,posing a significant challenge to patient health.The primary treatments are radiotherapy and chemotherapy,sometimes combined with targeted th...Objectives:The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is notably low,posing a significant challenge to patient health.The primary treatments are radiotherapy and chemotherapy,sometimes combined with targeted therapy;however,their clinical benefits are limited.Therefore,developing new models to evaluate the therapeutic potential of novel molecules is essential.Fingolimod and Dimethyl Fumarate(DMF),currently used to treat multiple sclerosis,have recently been shown to have anti-cancer effects in several preclinical tumor models.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Fingolimod and DMF in pancreatic cancer by investigating their respective in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor effects.Methods:In this study,we evaluated for the first time these two drugs in pancreatic preclinical models in vitro using 3D spheroid tumor models and in vivo,which are compared to two standard-of-care consisting of Gemcitabine and Erlotinib.Results:In vitro,both Fingolimod and DMF induced cytotoxicity in spheroids from two pancreatic cell lines.Additionally,Fingolimod and DMF displayed anticancer effects in two subcutaneous xenograft models using PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells.Conclusions:Although the responses observed with Fingolimod and DMF were similar to those of Gemcitabine and Erlotinib,these findings indicate a potential emerging interest in Fingolimod and DMF for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.However,further work is still necessary to fully characterize how these drugs affect tumor progression.展开更多
Among various advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),heterogeneous catalytic ozonation has garnered extensive attention in wastewater treatment owing to its broad pH range applicability and the elimination of the need for...Among various advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),heterogeneous catalytic ozonation has garnered extensive attention in wastewater treatment owing to its broad pH range applicability and the elimination of the need for additional energy input.Enhancing catalyst activity by introducing oxygen vacancies has been used extensively in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation.This paper reviews prevalent methods for the construction and characterization of oxygen vacancies.Based on a thorough examination of existing research,the role of oxygen vacancies is categorized according to their primary mechanisms of action in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation.For example,modulation of the catalyst electronic structure to enhance electron transfer;participation in the reaction as an active site to generate radicals and non-radicals;and exposure of more metal sites to enhance the reaction.Lastly,the paper delineates the limitations and future research directions concerning the role of oxygen vacancies in catalytic ozonation.This review addresses the gap in existing literature concerning the role of oxygen vacancies in catalytic ozone systems,establishes a comprehensive theoretical framework to aid in the design of efficient ozone catalysts,and delves into the functionality of oxygen vacancies in heterogeneous catalytic ozone reactions.展开更多
Biochar has been widely recognized as a promising solid CO_(2)adsorbent with economic and ecological benefits.Industrial CO_(2)emissions originate from diverse sources,while the pore structure and chemical functional ...Biochar has been widely recognized as a promising solid CO_(2)adsorbent with economic and ecological benefits.Industrial CO_(2)emissions originate from diverse sources,while the pore structure and chemical functional groups of biochar exhibit varying degrees of influence on CO_(2)adsorption and separation performance under different adsorption conditions.Therefore,exploring the matching relationship between the physicochemical properties of biochar and its adsorption and separation performance at different adsorption conditions is essential for the development and optimization of carbon-based adsorbents.This study selected the high-performance extreme gradient boosting(XGB)algorithm from various algorithms and utilized it to develop CO_(2),N_(2),CH_(4)adsorption prediction models.Based on this,coupled prediction models were developed for CO_(2)/N_(2)and CO_(2)/CH_(4)adsorption selectivity.Furthermore,feature importance and partial dependence analysis were performed using SHAP values.The results indicate that during CO_(2)adsorption,the influence of the pore structure of biochar outweighs that of its chemical composition.Specifically,the pore structure of 0.4–0.6 nm is the most important property influencing CO_(2)adsorption at low and medium pressure(0–0.6 bar),and the pore structure of 0.6–0.8 nm,as well as the specific surface area contribute the most at high pressure(0.6–1 bar).During CO_(2)selective separation,the CO_(2)/N_(2)mixture is primarily separated through the selective adsorption of CO_(2)by nitrogen functional groups.In contrast,for CO_(2)/CH_(4)mixtures,pore structure<1 nm plays a more critical role in determining adsorption selectivity.In addition,molecular simulation studies further revealed the adsorption filling mechanisms of CO_(2)molecules within different pore sizes and functional groups.Finally,nitrogen-doped biochar was synthesized using de-alkalize lignin as the precursor,KOH as the activating agent,and urea as the nitrogen dopant.CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted,and the experimental results confirmed that the developed prediction models exhibit high accuracy(R^(2)>0.9).展开更多
Groundwater level(GWL)is a key indicator used to accurately assess groundwater resources and form the foundation for ef-fective groundwater management.This paper integrates a Gate Recurrent Unit(GRU)model with a Multi...Groundwater level(GWL)is a key indicator used to accurately assess groundwater resources and form the foundation for ef-fective groundwater management.This paper integrates a Gate Recurrent Unit(GRU)model with a Multi-head Self-attention mechan-ism(MSAM-GRU)to simulate GWLs in both confined and unconfined aquifers simultaneously.The model innovatively captures the lag times between GWLs in the unconfined aquifer and precipitation,as well as between GWLs in the confined aquifer and the upper aquifer.We have assessed the effectiveness of the proposed model using a case study in the Beijing Plain,China from January 2005 to December 2020.With the consideration of lag times,the results indicated that the MSAM-GRU model exhibits a maximum 67%and 73%reduction in RMSE compared to the Attention mechanism-GRU(AM-GRU)and GRU model,respectively.MSAM-GRU model exhibited a 31%reduction in RMSE and a 0.12 increase in R^(2) compared to the same model that do not account for lag time.In Region I,the shortest lag time of GWL in the unconfined aquifer was two months,while that in the confined aquifer was three months,indicating a longer delayed response in the confined aquifer.MSAM-GRU model considering lag time,was then applied to simulate the GWLs in the unconfined aquifer under different scenarios and to analyze whether GWL fluctuations affect subway operations.The simulation res-ults showed that under the scenario 1,the GWL in the unconfined aquifer would rise above the depth of subway station floor,threaten-ing the operation of subways.This study can provide reliable technical support for the accurate simulation of GWLs in multi-aquifer systems.展开更多
Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyp...Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyperi Rhizoma varies significantly across different regions,potentially influencing its therapeutic efficacy.This study investigates the influence of geographic origin on the chemical composition and overall quality of Cyperi Rhizoma.Methods:A comprehensive approach,including traditional quality assessment,GC-MS(g as c hromatography-m ass s pectrometry),RP-HPLC(r everse p hase h igh-p erformance l iquid c hromatography),and FT-IR(f ourier t ransform i nfrared s pectroscopy)techniques,was employed to analyze Cyperi Rhizoma samples from Shandong Province.These methods examined the physical appearance,chemical profile,and content variations,particularly focusing onα-cyperone.Results:Traditional quality assessments revealed noticeable differences in the external characteristics of the samples.GC-MS analysis identified a variety of unique chemical constituents,while RP-HPLC and FT-IR showed significant variations inα-cyperone content,with higher levels found in Shandong samples.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that geographic origin is a critical determinant of Cyperi Rhizoma quality,with Shandong specimens exhibiting superiorα-cyperone levels and characteristic phytochemical profiles.This validates the geo-authenticity concept in TCM and provides actionable data for developing evidence-based quality standards,suggesting that provenance should be prioritized in medicinal material selection and pharmacopeial specifications.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is initially thought to be caused by age-associated accumulation of plaques,in recent years,research has increasingly associated Alzheimer’s disease with lysosomal storage and metabolic disorders...Alzheimer’s disease is initially thought to be caused by age-associated accumulation of plaques,in recent years,research has increasingly associated Alzheimer’s disease with lysosomal storage and metabolic disorders,and the explanation of its pathogenesis has shifted from amyloid and tau accumulation to oxidative stress and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism aggravated by hypoxic conditions.However,the underlying mechanisms linking those cellular processes and conditions to disease progression have yet to be defined.Here,we applied a disease similarity approach to identify unknown molecular targets of Alzheimer’s disease by using transcriptomic data from congenital diseases known to increase Alzheimer’s disease risk,namely Down syndrome,Niemann-Pick type C disease,and mucopolysaccharidoses I.We uncovered common pathways,hub genes,and miRNAs across in vitro and in vivo models of these diseases as potential molecular targets for neuroprotection and amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology,many of which have never been associated with Alzheimer’s disease.We then investigated common molecular alterations in brain samples from a Niemann-Pick type C disease mouse model by juxtaposing them with brain samples of both human and mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.Detailed phenotypic,molecular,chronological,and biological aging analyses revealed that the Npc1tm(I1061T)Dso mouse model can serve as a potential short-lived in vivo model for brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease research.This research represents the first comprehensive approach to congenital disease association with neurodegeneration and a new perspective on Alzheimer’s disease research while highlighting shortcomings and lack of correlation in diverse in vitro models.Considering the lack of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model that recapitulates the physiological hallmarks of brain aging,the short-lived Npc1^(tm(I1061T)Dso) mouse model can further accelerate the research in these fields and offer a unique model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease from a perspective of accelerated brain aging.展开更多
Soil cadmium(Cd)contamination poses significant risks to human health and environmental sustainability.Despite advances in bioremediation,effective bioagents with clear mechanistic insights for Cd detoxification are l...Soil cadmium(Cd)contamination poses significant risks to human health and environmental sustainability.Despite advances in bioremediation,effective bioagents with clear mechanistic insights for Cd detoxification are lacking.We first deciphered the whole-genome sequence of a novel Cd-tolerant Trichoderma nigricans T32781 and its in vivo heavy metal tolerance.In five independent pot and field trials,we revealed the T32781-induced alleviation mechanisms of plant-microbe-soil interactions in wheat and barley in response to Cd toxicity using a combination of agronomic,physiological,microbiome and metabolome approaches.We discovered that T32781 inoculation in soil significantly increased grain yield and decreased grain Cd concentration in barley and wheat exposed to different soil Cd levels.T32781 predominantly colonized soils,mitigating Cd toxicity by reducing soil Cd availability and promoting beneficial soil microbial communities and metabolites.These beneficial effects were further validated in the field,where the exogenous application of key metabolites induced by T32781 inoculation in soils and plants significantly increased grain yield and reduced grain Cd concentration in barley.This work highlights the potential of T32781 to enhance plantmicrobe-soil interactions and support sustainable and safe crop production in Cd-contaminated soils,addressing the increasing global demand for cereal production for food and feed.展开更多
In floodplain wetlands,alterations in hydrological patterns resulting from climate change and human activities could potentially diminish the carbon sequestration capacity of the soils,thereby having a negative impact...In floodplain wetlands,alterations in hydrological patterns resulting from climate change and human activities could potentially diminish the carbon sequestration capacity of the soils,thereby having a negative impact on global climate change.However,the magnitude of the influence of hydrological regime change on soil carbon remains inadequately monitored.To address this research gap,we collected 306 upper layer(0–20 cm)soil samples from the Dongting Lake floodplain between 2013 and 2022.The random forest(RF)algorithm was used to analyze the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon(SOC)in the upper soil layer of Dongting Lake floodplain and the impact of climate and hydrological changes in the past decade on surface SOC in the East Dongting Lake area was studied.In 2022,the SOC concentration of the Dongting Lake floodplain upper layer soil ranged from 3.34 to 17.67 g kg^(-1),averaging 10.43 g kg^(-1),with a corresponding SOC density of(2.65±0.49)kg m^(-2) and total SOC stock of 6.82 Tg C(2.87–13.48 Tg C).From 2013 to 2022,the SOC concentration of the upper soil layer of the East Dongting Lake area decreased from 18.37 to 10.82 g kg^(-1).This reduction could be attributed to climate and hydrological changes which reduce SOC input by reducing vegetation growth and accelerating SOC decomposition.Above 21.4 m elevation,the amount of SOC loss increased with elevation,the loss being related to the decline in Miscanthus community biomass and greater susceptibility of higher altitude areas to climate and hydrological changes.Our results highlight the need for strengthening wetland SOC management to increase SOC in the soils to help combat climate change.展开更多
Background:Recent evidence suggests continuous bouts of physical activity(PA)are associated with longevity.We hypothesized the risk of mortality would be lower when the most active minutes of the day were in a continu...Background:Recent evidence suggests continuous bouts of physical activity(PA)are associated with longevity.We hypothesized the risk of mortality would be lower when the most active minutes of the day were in a continuous bout.Methods:PA was assessed using accelerometery in UK Biobank participants.The intensity of the most active continuous(MXCONT)and accumulated(MX)X min of the day,and their ratio(MXRATIO=MXCONT/MX),were determined.MXRATIO indicates how the most active minutes of the day are accumulated,ranging from a single continuous bout through to sporadic accumulation spread across the day.Durations(X)considered ranged from 1 to 20 min.The outcome was mortality.Results:In total,94,541 participants(56.5% female)were included.Over a median(interquartile range)follow-up of 6.9(6.3,7.4)years,2649(2.8%)deaths occurred.Intensity moderated the association between how the most active minutes of the day were accumulated and mortality risk,expressed relative to sporadically accumulated moderate PA.If the most active minutes were of moderate intensity,the risk of mortality was halved for continuous compared to sporadic accumulation,irrespective of duration;if the most active minutes were of vigorous intensity,a continuous bout was associated with the lowest risk for durations under 5 min(e.g.,3 min:hazard ratio(HR)=0.27,95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.21-0.34),while sporadic accumulation was associated with the lowest risk for durations beyond 5 min(HR=0.11,95%CI:0.08-0.15 for the most active 20 min).Conclusion:Optimal PA patterns for reducing mortality differ by intensity and duration.For moderate-intensity PA,a lower mortality risk may be optimized by prioritizing continuous PA for up to 20 min.However,for vigorous-intensity PA,multiple short bouts(<5 min)may be optimal.This suggests tailored PA recommendations may enhance longevity benefits.展开更多
Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focu...Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focus on their effects on recovery metrics,particularly how they influence sleep quality,perceived wellness,and athletic performance.Despite anecdotal evidence of its efficacy,rigorous comparative studies are scarce.Objective:This study aimed to evaluates and compare the effects of WCT and DCT on endurance,perceived wellness,exertion levels,and sleep quality among young,active males,addressing the gap in the literature regarding CT's efficacy in sports performance and recovery.Methods:Thirty-two amateur runners were randomly divided into two groups:one followed WCT sessions and the other followed DCT sessions.The study assessed the interventions'impacts on endurance performance(Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test),sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index),and perceived exertion(Borg CR10 Scale).Heart rate was measured using a Polar H10 sensor to gauge physiological responses during physical tests.Results:Significant improvements were observed in the WCT group for sleep latency(%change=-82.31%;interaction group×time p=0.006;Cohen's d=0.74)and sleep disturbance(%change=-68.70%;interaction group×time p<0.001;Cohen's d=1.09),suggesting enhanced sleep quality(global score;%change=-52.81;interaction group×time p=0.004;Cohen's d=0.77).However,no significant differences were found in direct performance metrics(distance,maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen uptake)between WCT and DCT groups.These findings highlight WCT's potential as a recovery aid,particularly through improved sleep,without directly influencing endurance performance outcomes.Conclusion:WCT may serve as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes by potentially improving sleep quality and reducing perceived exertion,thus contributing indirectly to performance through enhanced recovery.展开更多
In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflamma...In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflammation and accelerates disease progression in later stages.In vivo parabiosis experiments in aged animals have demonstrated that blood-born factors modulate synaptic plasticity,neurogenesis,and microglial responses.We hypothesize that peripheral factors can modulate microglial function and thereby possibly influence Alzheimer’s disease pathology.The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Alzheimer’s disease serum on microglial phagocytosis.Here,we use an immortalized human microglial cell line in an in vitro parabiosis assay to investigate the impact of the serum from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease(n=30)and age-matched controls(n=30)(PRODEM study)on microglial phagocytosis.Exposure to Alzheimer’s disease serum increased microglial phagocytic uptake of pH-sensitive fluorescent particles and downregulated expression of the lysosomal master regulator transcription factor EB(TFEB)and of ATPase H^(+)transporting lysosomal V1 subunit B2(ATP6V1B2),a component of the vacuolar ATPase.To identify serum components that may relate to changes in phagocytosis,serum samples of the Three-City Study(3C Study)were used.In the 3C Study,blood samples were collected up to 12 years before the onset of cognitive decline or dementia and their serum metabolome is well-defined.Microglia exposed to the serum of future Alzheimer’s disease patients from the 3C Study displayed an increased phagocytic uptake compared with the serum of matched controls,depending on the presence of the apolipoprotein Eε4 allele in the Alzheimer’s disease patients.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis correlated inversely with serum levels of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid.We confirmed this inverse correlation between eicosapentaenoic acid and phagocytosis in the serum samples of the PRODEM cohort.In addition,in vitro testing of eicosapentaenoic acid on microglial phagocytosis showed a concentration-dependent decrease in phagocytic uptake.In conclusion,following incubation with Alzheimer’s disease blood serum,we observed increased microglial phagocytic uptake and the downregulation of TFEB and ATP6V1B2,possibly indicating lysosomal dysfunction.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis was inversely correlated with serum eicosapentaenoic acid levels,suggesting an important role for dietary eicosapentaenoic acid in microglial function.展开更多
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway. OSAS has a frequency of 4 percent and is classified ac...Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway. OSAS has a frequency of 4 percent and is classified according to the number of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea episodes. The OSAS diagnostic path starts with the evaluation of the patient’s clinical framework and follows an instrumental procedure, depending on the clinical severity of the patient. Dental practitioners have the ability to intercept early on the signs and symptoms of OSAS. At the same time, they can assess whether the patient has the indications for treatment with specific oral devices (Oral Appliances, OA). The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for dental management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in adult individuals.展开更多
Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
基金supported by Porsolt SAS,https://www.porsolt.com/.
文摘Objectives:The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is notably low,posing a significant challenge to patient health.The primary treatments are radiotherapy and chemotherapy,sometimes combined with targeted therapy;however,their clinical benefits are limited.Therefore,developing new models to evaluate the therapeutic potential of novel molecules is essential.Fingolimod and Dimethyl Fumarate(DMF),currently used to treat multiple sclerosis,have recently been shown to have anti-cancer effects in several preclinical tumor models.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Fingolimod and DMF in pancreatic cancer by investigating their respective in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor effects.Methods:In this study,we evaluated for the first time these two drugs in pancreatic preclinical models in vitro using 3D spheroid tumor models and in vivo,which are compared to two standard-of-care consisting of Gemcitabine and Erlotinib.Results:In vitro,both Fingolimod and DMF induced cytotoxicity in spheroids from two pancreatic cell lines.Additionally,Fingolimod and DMF displayed anticancer effects in two subcutaneous xenograft models using PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells.Conclusions:Although the responses observed with Fingolimod and DMF were similar to those of Gemcitabine and Erlotinib,these findings indicate a potential emerging interest in Fingolimod and DMF for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.However,further work is still necessary to fully characterize how these drugs affect tumor progression.
基金support from the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang province(No.2024C03136).
文摘Among various advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),heterogeneous catalytic ozonation has garnered extensive attention in wastewater treatment owing to its broad pH range applicability and the elimination of the need for additional energy input.Enhancing catalyst activity by introducing oxygen vacancies has been used extensively in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation.This paper reviews prevalent methods for the construction and characterization of oxygen vacancies.Based on a thorough examination of existing research,the role of oxygen vacancies is categorized according to their primary mechanisms of action in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation.For example,modulation of the catalyst electronic structure to enhance electron transfer;participation in the reaction as an active site to generate radicals and non-radicals;and exposure of more metal sites to enhance the reaction.Lastly,the paper delineates the limitations and future research directions concerning the role of oxygen vacancies in catalytic ozonation.This review addresses the gap in existing literature concerning the role of oxygen vacancies in catalytic ozone systems,establishes a comprehensive theoretical framework to aid in the design of efficient ozone catalysts,and delves into the functionality of oxygen vacancies in heterogeneous catalytic ozone reactions.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2025JC008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 52176105)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department-China(BJK2022063)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation-China(grant number E2025502038)the Funding Program for Cultivating Innovative Abilities of Graduate Students in Hebei Province of China(CXZZBS2025184).
文摘Biochar has been widely recognized as a promising solid CO_(2)adsorbent with economic and ecological benefits.Industrial CO_(2)emissions originate from diverse sources,while the pore structure and chemical functional groups of biochar exhibit varying degrees of influence on CO_(2)adsorption and separation performance under different adsorption conditions.Therefore,exploring the matching relationship between the physicochemical properties of biochar and its adsorption and separation performance at different adsorption conditions is essential for the development and optimization of carbon-based adsorbents.This study selected the high-performance extreme gradient boosting(XGB)algorithm from various algorithms and utilized it to develop CO_(2),N_(2),CH_(4)adsorption prediction models.Based on this,coupled prediction models were developed for CO_(2)/N_(2)and CO_(2)/CH_(4)adsorption selectivity.Furthermore,feature importance and partial dependence analysis were performed using SHAP values.The results indicate that during CO_(2)adsorption,the influence of the pore structure of biochar outweighs that of its chemical composition.Specifically,the pore structure of 0.4–0.6 nm is the most important property influencing CO_(2)adsorption at low and medium pressure(0–0.6 bar),and the pore structure of 0.6–0.8 nm,as well as the specific surface area contribute the most at high pressure(0.6–1 bar).During CO_(2)selective separation,the CO_(2)/N_(2)mixture is primarily separated through the selective adsorption of CO_(2)by nitrogen functional groups.In contrast,for CO_(2)/CH_(4)mixtures,pore structure<1 nm plays a more critical role in determining adsorption selectivity.In addition,molecular simulation studies further revealed the adsorption filling mechanisms of CO_(2)molecules within different pore sizes and functional groups.Finally,nitrogen-doped biochar was synthesized using de-alkalize lignin as the precursor,KOH as the activating agent,and urea as the nitrogen dopant.CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted,and the experimental results confirmed that the developed prediction models exhibit high accuracy(R^(2)>0.9).
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC3713102)。
文摘Groundwater level(GWL)is a key indicator used to accurately assess groundwater resources and form the foundation for ef-fective groundwater management.This paper integrates a Gate Recurrent Unit(GRU)model with a Multi-head Self-attention mechan-ism(MSAM-GRU)to simulate GWLs in both confined and unconfined aquifers simultaneously.The model innovatively captures the lag times between GWLs in the unconfined aquifer and precipitation,as well as between GWLs in the confined aquifer and the upper aquifer.We have assessed the effectiveness of the proposed model using a case study in the Beijing Plain,China from January 2005 to December 2020.With the consideration of lag times,the results indicated that the MSAM-GRU model exhibits a maximum 67%and 73%reduction in RMSE compared to the Attention mechanism-GRU(AM-GRU)and GRU model,respectively.MSAM-GRU model exhibited a 31%reduction in RMSE and a 0.12 increase in R^(2) compared to the same model that do not account for lag time.In Region I,the shortest lag time of GWL in the unconfined aquifer was two months,while that in the confined aquifer was three months,indicating a longer delayed response in the confined aquifer.MSAM-GRU model considering lag time,was then applied to simulate the GWLs in the unconfined aquifer under different scenarios and to analyze whether GWL fluctuations affect subway operations.The simulation res-ults showed that under the scenario 1,the GWL in the unconfined aquifer would rise above the depth of subway station floor,threaten-ing the operation of subways.This study can provide reliable technical support for the accurate simulation of GWLs in multi-aquifer systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204610)Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
文摘Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyperi Rhizoma varies significantly across different regions,potentially influencing its therapeutic efficacy.This study investigates the influence of geographic origin on the chemical composition and overall quality of Cyperi Rhizoma.Methods:A comprehensive approach,including traditional quality assessment,GC-MS(g as c hromatography-m ass s pectrometry),RP-HPLC(r everse p hase h igh-p erformance l iquid c hromatography),and FT-IR(f ourier t ransform i nfrared s pectroscopy)techniques,was employed to analyze Cyperi Rhizoma samples from Shandong Province.These methods examined the physical appearance,chemical profile,and content variations,particularly focusing onα-cyperone.Results:Traditional quality assessments revealed noticeable differences in the external characteristics of the samples.GC-MS analysis identified a variety of unique chemical constituents,while RP-HPLC and FT-IR showed significant variations inα-cyperone content,with higher levels found in Shandong samples.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that geographic origin is a critical determinant of Cyperi Rhizoma quality,with Shandong specimens exhibiting superiorα-cyperone levels and characteristic phytochemical profiles.This validates the geo-authenticity concept in TCM and provides actionable data for developing evidence-based quality standards,suggesting that provenance should be prioritized in medicinal material selection and pharmacopeial specifications.
基金supported by the NIA/NIH(1K01AG060040).Studies performed by JN were funded by the NICHD/NIH(5R00HD096117)Microscopy Core Facility supported,in part,with funding from NIH-NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA016059.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is initially thought to be caused by age-associated accumulation of plaques,in recent years,research has increasingly associated Alzheimer’s disease with lysosomal storage and metabolic disorders,and the explanation of its pathogenesis has shifted from amyloid and tau accumulation to oxidative stress and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism aggravated by hypoxic conditions.However,the underlying mechanisms linking those cellular processes and conditions to disease progression have yet to be defined.Here,we applied a disease similarity approach to identify unknown molecular targets of Alzheimer’s disease by using transcriptomic data from congenital diseases known to increase Alzheimer’s disease risk,namely Down syndrome,Niemann-Pick type C disease,and mucopolysaccharidoses I.We uncovered common pathways,hub genes,and miRNAs across in vitro and in vivo models of these diseases as potential molecular targets for neuroprotection and amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology,many of which have never been associated with Alzheimer’s disease.We then investigated common molecular alterations in brain samples from a Niemann-Pick type C disease mouse model by juxtaposing them with brain samples of both human and mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.Detailed phenotypic,molecular,chronological,and biological aging analyses revealed that the Npc1tm(I1061T)Dso mouse model can serve as a potential short-lived in vivo model for brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease research.This research represents the first comprehensive approach to congenital disease association with neurodegeneration and a new perspective on Alzheimer’s disease research while highlighting shortcomings and lack of correlation in diverse in vitro models.Considering the lack of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model that recapitulates the physiological hallmarks of brain aging,the short-lived Npc1^(tm(I1061T)Dso) mouse model can further accelerate the research in these fields and offer a unique model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease from a perspective of accelerated brain aging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-ASRT International Joint Research Project 3211101286)Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding,China(2021C02064-3)。
文摘Soil cadmium(Cd)contamination poses significant risks to human health and environmental sustainability.Despite advances in bioremediation,effective bioagents with clear mechanistic insights for Cd detoxification are lacking.We first deciphered the whole-genome sequence of a novel Cd-tolerant Trichoderma nigricans T32781 and its in vivo heavy metal tolerance.In five independent pot and field trials,we revealed the T32781-induced alleviation mechanisms of plant-microbe-soil interactions in wheat and barley in response to Cd toxicity using a combination of agronomic,physiological,microbiome and metabolome approaches.We discovered that T32781 inoculation in soil significantly increased grain yield and decreased grain Cd concentration in barley and wheat exposed to different soil Cd levels.T32781 predominantly colonized soils,mitigating Cd toxicity by reducing soil Cd availability and promoting beneficial soil microbial communities and metabolites.These beneficial effects were further validated in the field,where the exogenous application of key metabolites induced by T32781 inoculation in soils and plants significantly increased grain yield and reduced grain Cd concentration in barley.This work highlights the potential of T32781 to enhance plantmicrobe-soil interactions and support sustainable and safe crop production in Cd-contaminated soils,addressing the increasing global demand for cereal production for food and feed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3204101 and 2023YFF0807202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20570 and U2444221)+4 种基金the Youth Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021365)the Changsha Outstanding Innovative Youth Project,China(kq2305035)the Science,Technology and Innovation Platform Plan of Hunan Province,China(2022PT1010)the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources,China(SKS-2022081)the Comprehensive Investigation and Potential Evaluation of Natural Resources Carbon Sink in Southern Hilly Region,China(DD20220880)。
文摘In floodplain wetlands,alterations in hydrological patterns resulting from climate change and human activities could potentially diminish the carbon sequestration capacity of the soils,thereby having a negative impact on global climate change.However,the magnitude of the influence of hydrological regime change on soil carbon remains inadequately monitored.To address this research gap,we collected 306 upper layer(0–20 cm)soil samples from the Dongting Lake floodplain between 2013 and 2022.The random forest(RF)algorithm was used to analyze the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon(SOC)in the upper soil layer of Dongting Lake floodplain and the impact of climate and hydrological changes in the past decade on surface SOC in the East Dongting Lake area was studied.In 2022,the SOC concentration of the Dongting Lake floodplain upper layer soil ranged from 3.34 to 17.67 g kg^(-1),averaging 10.43 g kg^(-1),with a corresponding SOC density of(2.65±0.49)kg m^(-2) and total SOC stock of 6.82 Tg C(2.87–13.48 Tg C).From 2013 to 2022,the SOC concentration of the upper soil layer of the East Dongting Lake area decreased from 18.37 to 10.82 g kg^(-1).This reduction could be attributed to climate and hydrological changes which reduce SOC input by reducing vegetation growth and accelerating SOC decomposition.Above 21.4 m elevation,the amount of SOC loss increased with elevation,the loss being related to the decline in Miscanthus community biomass and greater susceptibility of higher altitude areas to climate and hydrological changes.Our results highlight the need for strengthening wetland SOC management to increase SOC in the soils to help combat climate change.
基金funded by UK Research and Innovation(research which commenced between October 1,2020-March 31,2021,Grant ref MC_PC_20029April 1,2021-September 31,2022,Grant ref MC_PC_20058)supported by the National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Applied Research CollaborationEast Midlands(ARC-EM)。
文摘Background:Recent evidence suggests continuous bouts of physical activity(PA)are associated with longevity.We hypothesized the risk of mortality would be lower when the most active minutes of the day were in a continuous bout.Methods:PA was assessed using accelerometery in UK Biobank participants.The intensity of the most active continuous(MXCONT)and accumulated(MX)X min of the day,and their ratio(MXRATIO=MXCONT/MX),were determined.MXRATIO indicates how the most active minutes of the day are accumulated,ranging from a single continuous bout through to sporadic accumulation spread across the day.Durations(X)considered ranged from 1 to 20 min.The outcome was mortality.Results:In total,94,541 participants(56.5% female)were included.Over a median(interquartile range)follow-up of 6.9(6.3,7.4)years,2649(2.8%)deaths occurred.Intensity moderated the association between how the most active minutes of the day were accumulated and mortality risk,expressed relative to sporadically accumulated moderate PA.If the most active minutes were of moderate intensity,the risk of mortality was halved for continuous compared to sporadic accumulation,irrespective of duration;if the most active minutes were of vigorous intensity,a continuous bout was associated with the lowest risk for durations under 5 min(e.g.,3 min:hazard ratio(HR)=0.27,95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.21-0.34),while sporadic accumulation was associated with the lowest risk for durations beyond 5 min(HR=0.11,95%CI:0.08-0.15 for the most active 20 min).Conclusion:Optimal PA patterns for reducing mortality differ by intensity and duration.For moderate-intensity PA,a lower mortality risk may be optimized by prioritizing continuous PA for up to 20 min.However,for vigorous-intensity PA,multiple short bouts(<5 min)may be optimal.This suggests tailored PA recommendations may enhance longevity benefits.
文摘Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focus on their effects on recovery metrics,particularly how they influence sleep quality,perceived wellness,and athletic performance.Despite anecdotal evidence of its efficacy,rigorous comparative studies are scarce.Objective:This study aimed to evaluates and compare the effects of WCT and DCT on endurance,perceived wellness,exertion levels,and sleep quality among young,active males,addressing the gap in the literature regarding CT's efficacy in sports performance and recovery.Methods:Thirty-two amateur runners were randomly divided into two groups:one followed WCT sessions and the other followed DCT sessions.The study assessed the interventions'impacts on endurance performance(Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test),sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index),and perceived exertion(Borg CR10 Scale).Heart rate was measured using a Polar H10 sensor to gauge physiological responses during physical tests.Results:Significant improvements were observed in the WCT group for sleep latency(%change=-82.31%;interaction group×time p=0.006;Cohen's d=0.74)and sleep disturbance(%change=-68.70%;interaction group×time p<0.001;Cohen's d=1.09),suggesting enhanced sleep quality(global score;%change=-52.81;interaction group×time p=0.004;Cohen's d=0.77).However,no significant differences were found in direct performance metrics(distance,maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen uptake)between WCT and DCT groups.These findings highlight WCT's potential as a recovery aid,particularly through improved sleep,without directly influencing endurance performance outcomes.Conclusion:WCT may serve as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes by potentially improving sleep quality and reducing perceived exertion,thus contributing indirectly to performance through enhanced recovery.
基金part of the EU consortium DCog Plast ‘Diet Cognition and Plasticity” funded by the Joint Programming Initiative “A Health Diet for a Healthy Life”(JPI-HDHL) via the BMWFW (BMWFW-10.420/0009-WF/V/3c/2015 and the Medical Research Council UK:MR/N030087/1)(to LA and ST)supported by the PMU-FFF Research Fund (A-16/01/019-AIG)+9 种基金BA by the PMU-Research and Innovation Fund (PMU-RIF)(project 2023-PRE-008-Altendorfer)supported by the Center for Urban Mental Healthby Alzheimer Nederlandthe Zon MW Program Mechanisms Of DEMentia (MODEM)by the Gravitation program iCNS of the Dutch Research Council (NWO)supported by Grant PID2020-114921RB-C21Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence grant CEX2021-001234-M funded by MCIU/AEI/and CIBERFESCB16/10/00269, from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III all of them by “ERDF A way of making Europe”the Generalitat de Catalunya’s Agency AGAUR of 2021SGR00687ICREA Award
文摘In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflammation and accelerates disease progression in later stages.In vivo parabiosis experiments in aged animals have demonstrated that blood-born factors modulate synaptic plasticity,neurogenesis,and microglial responses.We hypothesize that peripheral factors can modulate microglial function and thereby possibly influence Alzheimer’s disease pathology.The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Alzheimer’s disease serum on microglial phagocytosis.Here,we use an immortalized human microglial cell line in an in vitro parabiosis assay to investigate the impact of the serum from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease(n=30)and age-matched controls(n=30)(PRODEM study)on microglial phagocytosis.Exposure to Alzheimer’s disease serum increased microglial phagocytic uptake of pH-sensitive fluorescent particles and downregulated expression of the lysosomal master regulator transcription factor EB(TFEB)and of ATPase H^(+)transporting lysosomal V1 subunit B2(ATP6V1B2),a component of the vacuolar ATPase.To identify serum components that may relate to changes in phagocytosis,serum samples of the Three-City Study(3C Study)were used.In the 3C Study,blood samples were collected up to 12 years before the onset of cognitive decline or dementia and their serum metabolome is well-defined.Microglia exposed to the serum of future Alzheimer’s disease patients from the 3C Study displayed an increased phagocytic uptake compared with the serum of matched controls,depending on the presence of the apolipoprotein Eε4 allele in the Alzheimer’s disease patients.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis correlated inversely with serum levels of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid.We confirmed this inverse correlation between eicosapentaenoic acid and phagocytosis in the serum samples of the PRODEM cohort.In addition,in vitro testing of eicosapentaenoic acid on microglial phagocytosis showed a concentration-dependent decrease in phagocytic uptake.In conclusion,following incubation with Alzheimer’s disease blood serum,we observed increased microglial phagocytic uptake and the downregulation of TFEB and ATP6V1B2,possibly indicating lysosomal dysfunction.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis was inversely correlated with serum eicosapentaenoic acid levels,suggesting an important role for dietary eicosapentaenoic acid in microglial function.
文摘Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway. OSAS has a frequency of 4 percent and is classified according to the number of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea episodes. The OSAS diagnostic path starts with the evaluation of the patient’s clinical framework and follows an instrumental procedure, depending on the clinical severity of the patient. Dental practitioners have the ability to intercept early on the signs and symptoms of OSAS. At the same time, they can assess whether the patient has the indications for treatment with specific oral devices (Oral Appliances, OA). The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for dental management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in adult individuals.
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
